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This work is supported by the National Key R&D Programme of China No. 2017YFA0402704 and National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) No. 11873055 and sponsored (in part) by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) through a grant to the CAS South America Center for Astronomy. C.K.X. acknowledges NSFC grant No. 11733006. C.C. acknowledges NSFC grant No. 11803044 and 12173045. N.-Y.T. is supported by the National key R&D program of China under grant no. 2018YFE0202900 and the Cultivation Project for FAST Scientific Payoff and Research Achievement of CAMS-CAS. J.-S.H. acknowledges NSFC grant No. 11933003. U.L. acknowledges support from project PID2020-114414GB-100, financed by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, from project P20_00334 financed by the Junta de Andalucia and from FEDER/Junta de Andalucía-Consejería de Transformaciòn Econòmica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades/Proyecto A-FQM-510-UGR20. F.R. acknowledges support from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation. This work made use of data from FAST, a Chinese national mega-science facility built and operated by the National Astronomical Observatories, CAS. We thank P. Jiang, L. Hou, C. Sun and other FAST operation team members for supports in the observations and data reductions, and H.-C. Feng and Y. Huang for helping with the optical spectroscopic observation of NGC 7320a. Support of the staff from the Lijiang 2.4 m telescope is acknowledged. Funding for the Lijiang 2.4 m telescope has been provided by the CAS and the People’s Government of Yunnan Province. This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. We dedicate this Article to the memory of Y. Gao, a coauthor of the Article who passed away recently., Data availability Observational data are available from the FAST archive (http://fast.bao. ac.cn) 1 year after data collection, following FAST data policy. The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in Science Data Bank at https://www.scidb.cn/s/jiIfee., Stephan’s Quintet (SQ, co-moving radial distance = 85 ± 6 Mpc, taken from the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED)1) is unique among compact groups of galaxies2-12. Observations have previously shown that interactions between multiple members, including a high-speed intruder galaxy currently colliding into the intragroup medium, have probably generated tidal debris in the form of multiple gaseous and stellar filaments6,8,13, the formation of tidal dwarfs7,14,15 and intragroup-medium starbursts16, as well as widespread intergalactic shocked gas5,10,11,17. The details and timing of the interactions and collisions remain poorly understood because of their multiple nature18,19. Here we report atomic hydrogen (H i) observations in the vicinity of SQ with a smoothed sensitivity of 1σ = 4.2 × 1016 cm−2 per channel (velocity bin-width Δv = 20 km s−1; angular resolution = 4′), which are about two orders of magnitude deeper than previous observations8,13,20,21. The data show a large H i structure (with linear scale of around 0.6 Mpc) encompassing an extended source of size approximately 0.4 Mpc associated with the debris field and a curved diffuse feature of length around 0.5 Mpc attached to the south edge of the extended source. The diffuse feature was probably produced by tidal interactions in early stages of the formation of SQ (>1 Gyr ago), although it is not clear how the low-density H i gas (NH i ≲ 1018 cm−2) can survive the ionization by the intergalactic ultraviolet background on such a long time scale. Our observations require a rethinking of properties of gas in outer parts of galaxy groups and demand complex modelling of different phases of the intragroup medium in simulations of group formation., CAMS-CAS 11933003, Chinese Academy of Sciences South America Center for Astronomy 11733006, 11803044, 12173045, National Natural Science Foundation of China 11873055, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Key Research and Development Program of China 2017YFA0402704, 2018YFE0202900

Reconstructing how all the stellar components of the Galaxy formed and assembled over time, by studying the properties of the stars which make it, is the aim of Galactic archeology. In these last years, thanks to the launch of the ESA Gaia astrometric mission, and the development of many spectroscopic surveys, we are for the first time in the position to delve into the layers of the past of our galaxy. Globular clusters (GCs) play a fundamental role in this research field since they are among the oldest stellar systems in the Milky Way (MW) and so bear witness of its entire past. In the recent years, there have been several attempts to constrain the nature of clusters (accreted or formed in the MW itself) through the analysis of kinematic spaces and to reconstruct from this the properties of the accretions events experienced by the MW through time. This work aims to test a widely-used assumption about the clustering of the accreted populations of GCs in the integrals of motions space. We analyze a set of dissipation-less N-body simulations that reproduce the accretion of one or two satellites with their GC population on a MW-type galaxy. Our results demonstrate that a significant overlap between accreted and "kinematically-heated" in-situ GCs is expected in kinematic spaces, for mergers with mass ratios of 1:10. In contrast with standard assumptions made in the literature so far, we find that accreted GCs do not show dynamical coherence, that is they do not cluster in kinematic spaces. In addition, GCs can also be found in regions dominated by stars which have a different origin (i.e. different progenitor). This casts doubt on the association between GCs and field stars that is generally made in the literature to assign them to a common origin. Our findings severely question the recovered accretion history of the MW based on the phase-space clustering of the GC population., Comment: Accepted for publication on A&A. Major additions implemented to the first version

Background and aim Esophageal adenocarcinomas (EACs) have an increasing incidence and a poor prognosis. While gastric cancer molecular subtypes are well characterized with 4 categories: EBV+, Microsatellite instability (MSI), Genomically stable (GS), Chromosomal instability (CIN), there is less data available on EACs. Often compared to stomach, recent literature only describes CIN subtype in EACs, while our clinical experience suggests greater heterogeneity. The aims of our study were (i) to characterize EACs from a molecular perspective based on a large clinico-biological database and (ii) compare our clinico-pathological data with molecular results to analyze their prognostic impact. Methods 516 patients underwent a transthoracic esophagectomy at the University Hospital of Lille. All HES staining slides from surgical specimen was reviewed, followed by a tissue microarrays analysis. Molecular subtypes were determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) (MMR proteins for the deficient MMR (dMMR) and MSI-PCR for the dMMR/MSI subtype, E-cadherin for the GS subtype, HER2, C-MET and KRAS for the CIN subtype), and in situ hybridization (EBV+). Results In our series, 290 EACs are located on the esogastric junction (Siewert I and II), and 226 are above. Our current analysis highlighted one patient EBV+ and 26 dMMR status (9%). Interestingly, we observed discordances between MSI-PCR and IHC results in a third of cases (n = 8), suggesting possible modifications induced by pre-operative treatment. Our results about CIN and GS subtypes are consistent with literature with a loss of E-cadherin expression in 22 tumors (15%). An overexpression of HER2, C-MET and KRAS was noticed in 12 (8%), 41 (27%) and 13 (9%) tumors, respectively. We observed a trend toward better survival in the dMMR/MSI group comparing to GS subtype (90% vs 40% at 60 months, P = 0.07). Further analyses of the prognostic impact are in progress. Conclusion Our study highlights the presence of biomarkers in EACs, defining at least 4 molecular subtypes, partly overlapping to those already described in gastric cancer. Interestingly, finding of EBV+ and MSI tumors was unexpected and never described elsewhere in previous genomic characterization. The prognostic impact of these 4 subtypes underlined the necessity of routine molecular characterization to adapt the therapeutic strategy.

In this paper, we aim to derive high-precision alpha-element abundances using CRIRES high-resolution IR spectra of 72 cool M giants of the inner Galactic bulge. Silicon, magnesium, and calcium abundances were determined by fitting a synthetic spectrum for each star. We also incorporated recent theoretical data into our spectroscopic analysis (i.e. updated K-band line list, better broadening parameter estimation, non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) corrections). We compare these inner bulge alpha abundance trends with those of solar neighbourhood stars observed with IGRINS using the same line list and analysis technique; we also compare our sample to APOGEE DR17 abundances for inner bulge stars. We investigate bulge membership using spectro-photometric distances and orbital simulations. We construct a chemical-evolution model that fits our metallicity distribution function (MDF) and our alpha-element trends. Among our 72 stars, we find four that are not bulge members. [Si/Fe] and [Mg/Fe] versus [Fe/H] trends show a typical thick disc alpha-element behaviour, except that we do not see any plateau at supersolar metallicities as seen in other works. The NLTE analysis lowers [Mg/Fe] typically by $\sim$0.1 dex, resulting in a noticeably lower trend of [Mg/Fe] versus [Fe/H]. The derived [Ca/Fe] versus [Fe/H] trend has a larger scatter than those for Si and Mg, but is in excellent agreement with local thin and thick disc trends. With our updated analysis, we constructed one of the most detailed studies of the alpha abundance trends of cool M giants in the inner Galactic bulge. We modelled these abundances by adopting a two-infall chemical-evolution model with two distinct gas-infall episodes with timescales of 0.4 Gyr and 2 Gyr, respectively. Based on a very meticulous spectral analysis, we have constructed detailed and precise chemical abundances of Mg, Si, and Ca for cool M giants., Comment: 19 pages, 11 figures

Purpose This paper aims to describe a performance improvement process related to suicide assessment in a community mental health center. As suicide rates rise in the USA, it is crucial that community mental health providers are capable and comfortable to assess for suicide risk among individuals with mental illness. Support for healthcare providers is emphasized in the quadruple aim model of enhancing healthcare delivery and patient experience. The quadruple aim model is applied in the present performance improvement project in a community mental health center. Design/methodology/approach An interprofessional team used provider survey responses, critical incident data and other stakeholder input to implement a new assessment mechanism and education plan to support direct care staff to address suicide risk. Findings Although the rate of patient death by suicide at the community mental health center is low, managing risk is a frequent provider concern. Providers’ comfort assessing and managing suicide risk varied widely based on survey responses. A structured suicide assessment process was implemented to offer clarity and direction for providers. Education to address assessment and management was designed and implemented. Research limitations/implications Suicide data were retrospective and limited to known deaths, thus there may have been higher numbers of deaths by suicide historically. Providers’ comfort with suicide risk management was based on self-report and future work should also integrate skills-based assessment. Originality/value Improving the provider experience in mental health care must be explored. Focusing on provider input and voice in suicide-related efforts in community settings is a step toward integrating the quadruple aim ideals into mental health care.

International audience

Introduction Les adenomes hypophysaires constituent les masses intrasellaires les plus frequentes. Observation Monsieur G., 73 ans, ancien chirurgien dentaire, consulte pour cephalees et baisse d’acuite visuelle de l’œil gauche. L’IRM hypophysaire realisee retrouve un macroadenome hypophysaire mesurant 3,2 cm de plus grand axe, a extension suprasellaire et invasif vers le sinus caverneux gauche. Le bilan endocrinien revele un hypopituitarisme anterieur. L’examen ophtalmologique montre une hemianopsie temporale gauche. Dans le contexte, une exerese par voie trans-sphenoidale est decidee. L’examen extemporane conclue en une lesion non adenomateuse avec une composante malpighienne atypique. Le geste chirurgical est arrete. L’examen anatomopathologique conclut en une tumeur malpighienne d’architecture papillaire avec un Ki67 a 50 %. La reevaluation a 1 mois de la chirurgie montre une discrete majoration en taille de la masse sellaire envahissant les sinus caverneux et compressive sur les voies optiques. On constate une aggravation de l’atteinte oculaire avec l’apparition d’une paralysie du VI gauche. La TEP-FDG retrouve un hypermetabolisme isole de la lesion hypophysaire, s’etendant jusqu’a la partie posterieure des fosses nasales et aux cellules ethmoidales gauches. Devant la mauvaise evolution clinique, une reprise par voie haute est decidee. L’examen anatomopathologique conclut alors en un carcinome epidermoide moyennement differencie non keratinisant du sinus-sphenoidal. Le patient a donc beneficie de radiotherapie (54 Gy) avec bon controle carcinologique a 2 ans de la fin du traitement. Discussion Les cancers nasosinusiens sont des cancers rares mais a extension intracrânienne non anecdotique. Ils sont favorises par l’exposition aux metaux lourds retrouves dans les anciens amalgames dentaires.

Due to the important role that mating systems play in the evolution of species, we investigate the selfing rate and mate choice in the simultaneous hermaphroditic parasite Echinostoma caproni (Trematoda). The echinostomes were maintained in two situations in mice: (1) double infections where the two individuals do or do not belong to the same geographic area isolate, and (2) triple infections where two of the three individuals originate from the same isolate and the third one originates from a different isolate. This experimental design permits analysis of intra- and interisolate selfing rates and of mate preference. We predict, in the first experiment, no difference between intra- and interisolate selfing rates. In the second experiment we expect a preferential outcrossing between individuals originating from the same isolate in order to avoid hybrid breakdown. The results obtained corroborate our predictions and emphasize the important and synergistic roles of selfing, inbreeding depression, and hybrid breakdown in the evolution of echinostome reproductive strategies.

Background The benefit of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) for early-stage oesophageal cancer is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess whether NCT improves the outcome of patients with stage I or II disease. Methods Data were collected from 30 European centres from 2000 to 2010. Patients who received NCT for stage I or II oesophageal cancer were compared with patients who underwent primary surgery with regard to postoperative morbidity, mortality, and overall and disease-free survival. Propensity score matching was used to adjust for differences in baseline characteristics. Results Of 1173 patients recruited (181 NCT, 992 primary surgery), 651 (55·5 per cent) had clinical stage I disease and 522 (44·5 per cent) had stage II disease. Comparisons of the NCT and primary surgery groups in the matched population (181 patients in each group) revealed in-hospital mortality rates of 4·4 and 5·5 per cent respectively (P = 0·660), R0 resection rates of 91·7 and 86·7 per cent (P = 0·338), 5-year overall survival rates of 47·7 and 38·6 per cent (hazard ratio (HR) 0·68, 95 per cent c.i. 0·49 to 0·93; P = 0·016), and 5-year disease-free survival rates of 44·9 and 36·1 per cent (HR 0·68, 0·50 to 0·93; P = 0·017). Conclusion NCT was associated with better overall and disease-free survival in patients with stage I or II oesophageal cancer, without increasing postoperative morbidity.

OBJECTIVE: To assess how to best manage co-administration of rifabutin (RFB) and human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) protease inhibitor (PI) containing antiretroviral treatment (ART). Recommended for initial anti-tuberculosis treatment, rifampicin (RMP) lowers PI concentrations below therapeutic levels, posing significant challenges for ART. As RFB has little effect on PI concentrations, it could be an alternative to RMP. METHODS: A review of the scientific literature on the safety and efficacy of RFB for adult tuberculosis (TB) treatment was conducted, focusing on ART-TB co-therapy. A cost comparison was performed between treatment regimens, and estimates of the burden of TB disease in patients on ART were used to model RFB demand in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). RESULTS: Eleven clinical studies were identified, comprising 1543 TB patients treated with RFB; 980 (64%) were living with HIV. RFB was as safe and effective as RMP, including in 313 patients receiving co-administered ART (unboosted PIs included indinavir, nelfinavir or saquinavir; a minority received ritonavir [RTV] boosted amprenavir or saquinavir). The total cost for 6 months of all HIV and TB treatment containing RTV-boosted lopinavir (LPV) and RFB is US$410, compared to US$455 if RMP is used with LPV super-boosted with RTV. Our model suggests that demand for RFB in LMICs could be between 10 000 and 18 000 courses by 2012. CONCLUSION: RFB is effective and safe in combination with the PIs studied, cost-saving for co-therapy with currently recommended boosted PIs, and may have a pivotal role in the roll-out of ART. Further research into a daily dose of RFB to simplify dosing regimens and developing fixed-dose combinations can enhance the public sector roll-out of ART.

Antimicrobial textiles (65% cotton – 35% polyester) were functionalized using a patented technology that combines an antimicrobial molecule – polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) and a precipitating agent – sodium laurylsulphate. Surface characterization was performed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, and both techniques made clear signatures of PHMB at the top surface of treated textiles. Washing led to a strong decrease of PHMB concentration at the surface. Comparison of textile surface analysis and antimicrobial tests indicated that the amount of PHMB at its extreme surface of textiles after five or 10 industrial washings was sufficient to inhibit Listeria innocua but not Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth. The viability of L. innocua cells after contact with PHMB-treated textile after one industrial washing was estimated using the Live/Dead BacLight kit (Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR): the combination of epifluorescence microscopy observations coupled with classic enumeration allowed detection of the presence of viable but nonculturable cells. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Protective clothing is required in the food-processing industry to protect products from being contaminated by microorganisms carried by workers' clothes or filtration systems. Consequently, there is an increasing interest in the use of antimicrobial functionalized textiles in the food industry to avoid that textiles could be vectors for pathogenic or food spoilage microorganisms. In the present study, the correlation between PHMB (the antimicrobial agent) at the surface of textiles (monitored by surface analysis characterization methods) and their antibacterial activity was assessed. After contact with antimicrobial textiles, the enumeration of bacteria was performed either by plate counting or by direct observation by epifluorescence microscopy in the presence of fluorescent viability markers in order to determine whether viable but nonculturable bacterial cells were present.

The mammalian olfactory mucosa (OM) is continually renewed throughout life. Owing to their position in the nasal cavity, OM cells are exposed to multiple insults, including high levels of odourants that can induce their death. OM regeneration is therefore essential to maintain olfactory function, and requires the tight control of both cell death and proliferation. Apoptosis has been implicated in OM cell death. Olfaction is one of the senses involved in food intake and depends on individual nutritional status. We have previously reported the influence of hormones related to nutritional status on odour perception and have shown that the OM is a target of insulin and leptin, two hormones known for their anti-apoptotic properties. In the present study, we investigated the potential anti-apoptotic effect of these metabolic hormones on OM cells. Both Odora cells (an olfactive cell line) and OM cells treated with etoposide, a p53 activity inducer, exhibited mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis that was inhibited by the pan-caspase inhibitor zVAD-fmk. Insulin, but not leptin, impaired this apoptotic effect. Insulin addition to the culture medium reduced p53 phosphorylation, caspase-3 and caspase-9 cleavage, and caspase-3 enzymatic activity induced by etoposide. The apoptotic wave observed in the OM after interruption of the neuronal connections between the OM and the olfactory bulb by bulbectomy was impaired by intranasal insulin treatment. These findings suggest that insulin may be involved in OM cellular dynamics, through endocrine and/or paracrine-autocrine effects of circulating or local insulin, respectively.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) from combat exposure has been found to have more disruptive effects on interpersonal and family functioning than trauma from other sources. Attachment theory and Foa's cognitive—behavioral model of PTSD suggest pathways by which the symptoms of PTSD may contribute to social impairment. Forty-nine self-selecting male veterans with combat-related PTSD were administered the Experience of Close Relationships (ECR) Scale, the Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory (PTCI), the Mississippi Scale for combat PTSD, and a demographic questionnaire to test for relationships between attachment avoidance, attachment anxiety, cognitive distortions associated with PTSD, and PTSD symptom severity. Veterans were found to generally endorse avoidant attachment styles. Attachment avoidance and ambivalent attachment were associated with more PTSD symptoms. A hypothesis for the effects of PTSD symptoms on attachment characteristics, situating the findings within existing theory, is proposed.

AD; International audience; The introduction of direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) has made hepatitis C infection curable in the vast majority of cases and the elimination of the infection possible. Although initially too costly for large-scale use, recent reductions in DAA prices in some low-and middle-income countries (LaMICs) has improved the prospect of many people having access to these drugs/medications in the future. This article assesses the pricing and financing conditions under which the uptake of DAAs can increase to the point where the elimination of the disease in LaMICs is feasible. A Markov simulation model is used to study the dynamics of the infection with the introduction of treatment over a 10-year period. The impact on HCV-related mortality and HCV incidence is assessed under different financing scenarios assuming that the cost of the drugs is completely paid for out-of-pocket or reduced through either subsidy or drug price decreases. It is also assessed under different diagnostic and service delivery capacity scenarios separately for low-income (LIC), lower-middle-income (LMIC) and upper-middle-income countries (UMIC). Monte Carlo simulations are used for sensitivity analyses. At a price of US\ 1680 per 12-week treatment duration (based on negotiated Egyptian prices for an all oral two-DAA regimen), most of the people infected in LICs and LMICs would have limited access to treatment without subsidy or significant drug price decreases. However, people in UMICs would be able to access it even in the absence of a subsidy. For HCV treatment to have a significant impact on mortality and incidence, a significant scaling-up of diagnostic and service delivery capacity for HCV infection is needed.

The adoption of a non-uniform dopant profile has substantially increased the tolerance to high mode deformations of our baseline indirect-drive design. In addition, a low deuterium–tritium (DT) gas density, obtained by 'dynamic quenching' at 2.3 K below triple point, could partly compensate for the decrease in robustness due to DT ageing. Finally, the net margin regarding all laser and target technological defects is about 2. As soon as a sufficient amount of laser beams and diagnostics is available, we will shoot pre-ignition experiments to tune the point design. We are studying new targets which need less energy for these campaigns.We have estimated different direct-drive schemes using indirect-drive beams. The optimal LMJ polar direct-drive configuration is a 2-cone one and leads to marginally igniting targets. A new 2-cone direct-drive scheme, associated with focal spot zooming, allows us to reach ignition with enough margin.

This article sums up the theoretical and experimental studies about ignition. Three experiments are salient this year on the Omega laser in collaboration with DOE laboratories (1) 3 cones of beams allow to mimic the LMJ configuration and to get symmetry measurements. (2) We measured perturbations due to hydro-instability in CHGe planar samples with face-on and side-on radiographs. (3) We improved our nuclear diagnostics, particularly the neutron image system tested on direct drive implosions. As far as LMJ target design is concerned, we defined a preliminary domain corresponding to the possible operation at 2ω. At 3ω we studied the low mode instability effects on the DT deformation (due to the laser or to the target) and on the yield. The stability is clearly improved with graded doped CH for our nominal capsule L1215.

It seems that S. cerevisiae , which was thought for about 30 years to be a nonpathogenic yeast, should now be considered an opportunistic pathogen. In this study, we estimated the discrimination ability of the microsatellite sequence amplification technique within a sample of clinical and reference S. cerevisiae strains and S. boulardii reference strains.

1. We investigated the role of arachidonic acid metabolism and assessed the participation of mast cells and leukocytes in neurogenic inflammation in rat paw skin. We compared the effect of lipoxygenase (LOX) and cyclo-oxygenase (COX) inhibitors on oedema induced by saphenous nerve stimulation, substance P (SP), and compound 48/80. 2. Intravenous (i.v.) pre-treatment with a dual COX/LOX inhibitor (RWJ 63556), a dual LOX inhibitor/cysteinyl-leukotriene (CysLt) receptor antagonist (Rev 5901), a LOX inhibitor (AA 861), a five-lipoxygenase activating factor (FLAP) inhibitor (MK 886), or a glutathione S-transferase inhibitor (ethacrynic acid) significantly inhibited (40 to 60%) the development of neurogenic oedema, but did not affect cutaneous blood flow. Intradermal (i.d.) injection of LOX inhibitors reduced SP-induced oedema (up to 50% for RWJ 63556 and MK 886), whereas ethacrynic acid had a potentiating effect. 3. Indomethacin and rofecoxib, a highly selective COX-2 inhibitor, did not affect neurogenic and SP-induced oedema. Surprisingly, the structurally related COX-2 inhibitors, NS 398 and nimesulide, significantly reduced both neurogenic and SP-induced oedema (70% and 42% for neurogenic oedema, respectively; 49% and 46% for SP-induced oedema, respectively). 4. COX-2 mRNA was undetectable in saphenous nerves and paw skin biopsy samples, before and after saphenous nerve stimulation. 5. A mast cell stabilizer, cromolyn, and a H(1) receptor antagonist, mepyramine, significantly inhibited neurogenic (51% and 43%, respectively) and SP-induced oedema (67% and 63%, respectively). 6. The co-injection of LOX inhibitors and compound 48/80 did not alter the effects of compound 48/80. Conversely, ethacrynic acid had a significant potentiating effect. The pharmacological profile of the effect of COX inhibitors on compound 48/80-induced oedema was similar to that of neurogenic and SP-induced oedema. 7. The polysaccharide, fucoidan (an inhibitor of leukocyte rolling) did not affect neurogenic or SP-induced oedema. 8. Thus, (i) SP-induced leukotriene synthesis is involved in the development of neurogenic oedema in rat paw skin; (ii) this leukotriene-mediated plasma extravasation might be independent of mast cell activation and/or of the adhesion of leukocytes to the endothelium; (iii) COX did not appear to play a significant role in this process.

In response to concerns expressed by parents of children with emotional and mental disabilities about professionals' attitudes and beliefs, the authors surveyed the views of a sample of clinical social workers. The majority of respondents in a national random sample endorsed statements expressing validating attitudes toward parents, agreement with open information sharing, and agreement with providing specific guidance to parents about how to help their children. However, the views of a substantial minority of social workers were antithetical to a parent-friendly perspective. The most problematic area was the prevalence of parent-blaming beliefs reported by approximately half of the social workers. The view that medication was helpful correlated positively with validating views of parents and correlated negatively with blaming them for their children's problems. The belief that research-based knowledge is important for practice and that medical journals are a good source of information about emotional problems correlated with support for open information sharing and the view that medication was helpful. Seeing a child as the identified patient in a dysfunctional family, perceiving parents' views as useful primarily as clues to family dynamics, and seldom feeling the need to refer to other disciplines, correlated positively with blame, negatively with the use of medication, and negatively with validating attitudes.

Resume Les ruscogenines sont des molecules presentes dans Ruscus aculeatus . Elles ont des proprietes essentiellement veinotoniques et vasculoprotectrices largement utilisees en therapeutique. L'allergie de contact aux ruscogenines contenues dans divers topiques est un effet indesirable tres rare probablement sous-estime. En effet, seuls 8 cas ont ete rapportes ces 10 dernieres annees. La prescription de ces molecules necessite des etudes controlees versus placebo pour montrer leur efficacite clinique, ainsi qu'une enquete multicentrique pour tester l'allergenicite Ruscus .

We present the ID diffusive mixing model MEDIC-2F which simulates the interpenetration of shell and fuel and its effects in a LMJ capsule.

The views of social workers, child psychiatrists, and psychologists about parents of children with mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders were compared in this study. The Providers’ Beliefs About Parents questionnaire was used to measure views about parents’ competence, parents’ pathology, parents’ credibility, parents’ role in the etiology of children's problems, information sharing with parents, giving explicit directives to parents about how to help their children, and related child mental health issues such as use of psychotropic medication with children and adolescents and perceived importance of research-based knowledge about child and adolescent psychopathology. Variables most associated with parent-friendly beliefs and attitudes were endorsement of a neuropsychological orientation and familiarity with parent support groups. Views of respondents did not differ by ethnicity, gender, or parental status. Child psychiatrists were most in agreement with parent-friendly attitudes and beliefs, clinical social workers were least in agreement, and psychologists were midway between the other two groups.

Despite the alluring pharmacological properties of prostacyclin and its stable analogue (iloprost), these substances are little used in plastic surgery. A case is presented in which iloprost resulted in persistent patency of the vessels supplying a free flap. A patient who had had failure of a free flap because of thrombosis distal to the arterial anastomosis had a second free flap. Thrombus formed distal to the arterial anastomosis of the second flap and recurred when the anastomosis was redone. The flap was perfused with urokinase and then iloprost. After this, iloprost was given intravenously peroperatively and for 12 hours postoperatively. Postoperatively, the patient also received aspirin, ticlopidine and heparin. The flap survived without any late complications. A literature review offers confirmation of the advantages of using iloprost if microvascular anastomoses thrombose and during the reperfusion of flaps after prolonged ischaemia.

International audience; The Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) requires that European Union Member States achieve "Good Environmental Status" (GES) in respect of 11 Descriptors of the marine environment by 2020. Of those, Descriptor 4, which focuses on marine food webs, is perhaps the most challenging to implement since the identification of simple indicators able to assess the health of highly dynamic and complex interactions is difficult. Here, we present the proposed food web criteria/indicators and analyse their theoretical background and applicability in order to highlight both the current knowledge gaps and the difficulties associated with the assessment of GES. We conclude that the existing suite of indicators gives variable focus to the three important food web properties: structure, functioning and dynamics, and more emphasis should be given to the latter two and the general principles that relate these three properties. The development of food web indicators should be directed towards more integrative and process-based indicators with an emphasis on their responsiveness to multiple anthropogenic pressures. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.

Objective A heterozygous germline variant in the HABP2 gene (p.G534E), that negatively impacts its tumor suppressive activity in vitro, has been described in 4 to 14% of kindreds of European ancestry with familial papillary thyroid carcinoma (fPTC). But it is also found in ≈4% of Europeans and European Americans from public databases that, however, did not provide information on the thyroid function of the controls. To get unbiased results, we decided to compare genotypes of patients with fPTC with those of “thyroid-checked” controls. Materials and methods We built a control group consisting of 95 European patients who underwent a thyroidectomy for medullary thyroid carcinoma and were devoid of any histologically detectable PTC or follicular-deriving carcinoma. In parallel we recruited 17 patients with fPTC from nine independent European kindreds. The entire coding region of HABP2 was analyzed by Sanger sequencing the germline DNAs of patients. Results Two variants (p.G534E and p.R122 W) were found in 2 and 3 patients at the heterozygous level (minor allele frequency (MAF): 5.55% and 8.33%, respectively). The R122 residue lies in the EGF-3 domain of HABP2 which is important for its activation. In controls, the MAF was either lower for the p.R122 W (1.05%, P Discussion In conclusion, our data do not support the pathogenicity of the HABP2 p.G534E variant but highlight the existence of another variant that should be more extensively searched for in fPTC patients.

To help keep seniors in their homes while maximizing the goal of remote monitoring relentlessly, we opted for a remote monitoring system based around a so-called smart camera and a wireless transmission system between the patient's place of residence and a center for medical expertise. Incorporating the largest possible part of image and signal analysis necessary for the application of remote surveillance, this camera that combines the use of multiple algorithms and multiple detectors is able to improve scenarios of early detection and response. Note that very few cameras and surveillance systems currently available on the market have the actual characteristics of intelligence and flexibility needed to support the important mission to monitor our health. This system consists of the first phase implementation of a camera that has the characteristic to transmit only relevant information. This implies that without streaming images, it detects all the signals (sounds, videos and even temperatures) in a defined space, record them, processes, analyzes it and decides for itself whether it should give an alarm when necessary through a system of wireless transmission.

To assess how to best manage co-administration of rifabutin (RFB) and human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) protease inhibitor (PI) containing antiretroviral treatment (ART). Recommended for initial anti-tuberculosis treatment, rifampicin (RMP) lowers PI concentrations below therapeutic levels, posing significant challenges for ART. As RFB has little effect on PI concentrations, it could be an alternative to RMP.A review of the scientific literature on the safety and efficacy of RFB for adult tuberculosis (TB) treatment was conducted, focusing on ART-TB co-therapy. A cost comparison was performed between treatment regimens, and estimates of the burden of TB disease in patients on ART were used to model RFB demand in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).Eleven clinical studies were identified, comprising 1543 TB patients treated with RFB; 980 (64%) were living with HIV. RFB was as safe and effective as RMP, including in 313 patients receiving co-administered ART (unboosted PIs included indinavir, nelfinavir or saquinavir; a minority received ritonavir [RTV] boosted amprenavir or saquinavir). The total cost for 6 months of all HIV and TB treatment containing RTV-boosted lopinavir (LPV) and RFB is US$410, compared to US$455 if RMP is used with LPV super-boosted with RTV. Our model suggests that demand for RFB in LMICs could be between 10,000 and 18,000 courses by 2012.RFB is effective and safe in combination with the PIs studied, cost-saving for co-therapy with currently recommended boosted PIs, and may have a pivotal role in the roll-out of ART. Further research into a daily dose of RFB to simplify dosing regimens and developing fixed-dose combinations can enhance the public sector roll-out of ART.

The mammalian olfactory mucosa (OM) is continually renewed throughout life. Owing to their position in the nasal cavity, OM cells are exposed to multiple insults, including high levels of odourants that can induce their death. OM regeneration is therefore essential to maintain olfactory function, and requires the tight control of both cell death and proliferation. Apoptosis has been implicated in OM cell death. Olfaction is one of the senses involved in food intake and depends on individual nutritional status. We have previously reported the influence of hormones related to nutritional status on odour perception and have shown that the OM is a target of insulin and leptin, two hormones known for their anti-apoptotic properties. In the present study, we investigated the potential anti-apoptotic effect of these metabolic hormones on OM cells. Both Odora cells (an olfactive cell line) and OM cells treated with etoposide, a p53 activity inducer, exhibited mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis that was inhibited by the pan-caspase inhibitor zVAD-fmk. Insulin, but not leptin, impaired this apoptotic effect. Insulin addition to the culture medium reduced p53 phosphorylation, caspase-3 and caspase-9 cleavage, and caspase-3 enzymatic activity induced by etoposide. The apoptotic wave observed in the OM after interruption of the neuronal connections between the OM and the olfactory bulb by bulbectomy was impaired by intranasal insulin treatment. These findings suggest that insulin may be involved in OM cellular dynamics, through endocrine and/or paracrine-autocrine effects of circulating or local insulin, respectively.

Because of the larger sizes of modern service vessels, a collision between one of these units and a FPSO may cause severe damages which can threaten the FPSO’s overall hull girder capacity to withstand the operational and environmental loads. The present work addresses these issues by investigating the global residual strength of the hull girder after representative collision damages. The impact on global strength from effects such as the variation in the still water and wave loads due to the flooded condition, local water pressure and top side loads have been evaluated.Copyright © 2009 by ASME

Resume Un cas d'infection simultanee par deux souches distinctes de Staphylococcus epidermidis chez une patiente immunodeprimee est rapporte. Les clones bacteriens ont ete caracterises a l'aide des marqueurs epidemiologiques conventionnels, mais aussi moleculaires comme l'etude des profils plasmidiques et des profils de restriction de l'ADN total apres utilisation d'une endonuclease.

A one dimensional analytical model of katabatic wind over the Antarctica has been developed. This parametric model is derived from the bulk two-layer model of Ball including the surface friction and taking into account the Earth's rotation and the geostrophic wind in the upper layer.

Bacterial adhesion to intraocular lenses (IOLs) during their implantation is a major etiological factor of postoperative endophthalmitis. Polypropylene was the first biomaterial that allowed this relation of cause and effect between bacterial adhesion and endophthalmitis to be proven. Adhesion to IOLs has been investigated in several in vitro studies, with contradictory results reported, due to variations in experimental conditions: the incubation times and the methods all varied. Adhesion is affected by the type of IOL, the bacterial strains, and the surrounding medium. Since this medium is very difficult to model because of its complexity, in vivo studies seemed essential. We have recently determined in vivo progression in the amount of adhering Staphylococcus epidermidis to five types of IOLs. There have been few epidemiological studies published to determine the relationship between endophthalmitis and the IOL type. However, the perfect biomaterial that could prevent postoperative endophthalmitis does not yet exist. Globally, hydrophilic materials and hydrophobic acrylic seem to be less sticky than silicone or PMMA, but this remains to be proven clinically.

This paper describes the first application in Geneva of the second generation GIL developed using N/sub 2//SF/sub 6/ gas mixtures. An existing high-voltage overhead transmission line had to be replaced because of the extension of buildings for the Palexpo fairs. The existing 220 kV line had to be laid underground for a length of about 420 m, mainly due to specified limits of the magnetic field in the exhibition area. An advantage of GIL in this context is that the transmission behaviour is quite similar to overhead lines. Additionally, gas-insulated lines are also suitable for autoreclosure functions on the complete line.