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Waters polluted with Pb and Cd have a negative impact on the environment. Padina australis grows abundantly on the coast of Palang Subdistrict, Tuban, and the local community consumes it. Macroalgae as food must be free of metal contamination. This study aims to determine the impact of Pb and Cd bioaccumulation on P. australis. Sampling was conducted at two stations, including Station I, Panyuran Village, and Station II, Glodog Village. Analysis of Pb and Cd metal levels using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Analysis of protein content using the Kjeldahl method. The data obtained was analyzed with Principle Component Analysis (PCA). The results of the analysis of Pb and Cd levels in P. australis at station II, which are 0.200 ± 0.028 and 0.021 ± 0.004 mg.kg-1 higher than station I, which are 0.194 ± 0.015 and 0.010 ± 0.001 mg.kg-1. The protein content of P. australis at station I was 4.713 ± 0.508 mg.kg-1, and at station II was 5.900 ± 0.928 mg.kg-1. This shows that P. australis is still considered good for consumption even though it has been polluted and contains Pb and Cd metals. P. australis can tolerate and does not experience severe physiological damage so it has the potential as a heavy metal phytoremediator.

Heavy metals can decrease the number of species in nature. This research aims to determine the relationship between the type of macroinvertebrates stressed by heavy metals in the Wonorejo Mangrove Area, Surabaya, East Java. This type of research is observational. The determination of stations was done using the purposive random sampling method. Tests for Pb and Cd content were carried out using the AAS method. Nutrient content testing was carried out using the AAS and Kjeldahl methods. Data analysis was presented descriptively, and multivariate analysis was done using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Based on the present research, it can be concluded that there are variations in the type and distribution of macroinvertebrates stressed by heavy metals in the mangrove area of Surabaya. Station 1 is dominated by Ocypode ryderi, Station 2 by Assiminea sp., Station 3 by Scylla paramamosain, and Station 4 by Cerithidea sp. with the high presence of metals (Cd, Pb), and soil and water nutrients (Org-C, N) at Stations 1, 3, and 4. The Station 2 has only Pb. Assiminea sp. (Phylum Mollusca) can be the best candidate for metal bioindicators because it appears in all locations where soil and water have been contaminated with Pb and Cd metals without affecting their life.

Heavy metals, especially Pb (lead), are generally toxic to living things. Pb can contaminate organisms in the water through the food chain. The purpose of this study is to enhance water quality by using Salvinia molesta to phytoremediate Pb-polluted water. This study aims to evaluate the ability of S. molesta as a Pb phytoremediator. We evaluated total protein, free amino acids produced by the plant, and plant growth (dry biomass). S. molesta was grown in a hydroponic system exposed to Pb at dosages of 0, 5, 10, and 15 ppm for 7 and 14 days. Pb level was analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer and amino acids were analyzed using High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography. Data were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s test (α < 0.05). Results showed a significant change in Pb content in the roots and leaves of Pb-exposed S. molesta Mitch compared to control. In Pb-exposed plants, total protein and amino acids, especially cysteine, were lowered. S. molesta could be used as a Pb phytoremediator due to its high potential to survive Pb exposure and its ability to absorb Pb.

The extensive use of detergent causes a high level of it to contaminate water body. This study was aimed to determine the effectiveness of the Sagittaria lancifolia plant as a phytoremediator for water contaminated with detergents. Sagittaria lancifolia was planted in medium exposed to detergent at various levels (10, 50, 75 ppm) with two different detention times (7 and 14 days). Remediated water was tested of its toxicity using Xiphophorus maculatus. LAS removal rate, BOD, plant morphology, and mortality of X. maculatus were recorded. The result showed that S. lancifolia had a high level of LAS removal rate, the longer detention time (81.53 ± 0.37% at 14 days) with significantly lower BOD (27.48 ± 0.78mg/L). Plant leaves showed signs of necrosis and chlorosis during detergent exposure. Detergent water remediated for 14 days induced the lowest rate of mortality in Xiphophorus maculatus. Thus, Sagittaria lancifolia can be applied to remove the organic contaminant from the water body.

A compilation of mysid shrimps species found in brackish water to seawater has been carried out based on published records. The checklist includes the taxonomic position of each species, local distribution and depth range, the geographic zones and also the bibliographic references where they were recorded. Altogether 3 Lophogastrida and 52 Mysida species and 1 subspecies are listed. Most of them are distributed in the Andaman Sea (41 species), some in the Gulf of Thailand (13 species) and a few in the Songkhla Lagoon System (5 species). Mysids from the tribe Erythropini and Neomysini are the most predominant overall recorded species. Two of the recorded Mysida species are possibly endemic to the Songkhla Lagoon System (Deltamysis songkhlaensis and Nanomysis siamensis), whereas two species are endemic to the Phuket Island (Anisomysis phuketensis and Erythrops phuketensis). Previously, Rhopalophthalmus egregius was claimed to live in the Songkhla Lagoon System, however, further investigation show that this is not the case.

Two new isoprenylated benzofuran 3-ones, airlanggin A (1) and B (2) along with two known xanthones, ananixanthone (3) and trapezifolixanthone (4) were isolated from the stem bark of Calophyllum soulattri. Structures of all the compounds were elucidated using extensive spectroscopic methods, including UV, IR, HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR. Compounds 1-4 were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against P-388 cells, showing that compound 3 was the most active with IC 50 0.68 μg/mL and compound 1 showed moderate activity with IC 50 5.80 μg/mL.

A new isoprenylated 4-phenylcoumarin derivative, mesucalophylloidin (1) along with three known compounds, mammea A/BA cyclo F (2), calolongic acid (3) and isocalolongic acid (4) were isolated from the stem bark of Mesua calophylloides (Ridl.) Kosterm. Structures of all the compounds were elucidated using extensive spectroscopic methods, including UV, IR, HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR. Compounds 1-4 were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against P-388 cells, showing that compound 1 gave moderate activity with IC 50 6.26 μg/mL.