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Real time quantitative PCR (qPCR) is a powerful tool for studying the expression of specific genes. The accuracy and reliability of qPCR analysis data require the selection of reference genes with stable expression. However, the reference genes that can be used for qPCR of Rehmannia chingii and R. henryi have not yet been identified. In this study, based on the transcriptome data of R. chingii and R. henryi, we initially selected genes with relatively stable expression in different samples. We screened six candidate reference genes in R. chingii and R. henryi and calculated their expression abundance by real time qPCR. Their expression stability was evaluated by three algorithms geNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper. Although the results obtained by different algorithms were not completely consistent, R. chingii type 2A phosphatase activator TIP41 and R. chingii 18S ribosomal RNA had the highest expression stability in six different samples of R. chingii, and R. henryi 18S ribosomal RNA and R. henryi actin showed the most stable expression in different samples of R. henryi. In addition, based on transcriptome data, four genes were screened in R. chingii and R. henryi, and the expression stability of the selected reference genes was further verified. This study laid the foundation for further analysis and verification of the functions of important genes in R. chingii and R. henryi.

Isatis indigotica Fort. is extremely widely planted and used for the source of the traditional Chinese medicine Radix Isatidis (Ban-Lan-Gen), which had pharmacological activities such as anti-endotoxic, antibacterial, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic. In the cultivation, salt stress could affect the yields of Radix Isatidis, and activate the secondary metabolism, eg. the contents of epigoitrin in root and indigo in leaf increased after a period of salt stress, which was possibly regulated by related genes. But in early salt stress, the molecular response of I. indigotica and expression of related genes are also worthy of our attention, which it helps us to more fully understand the molecular response mechanism of I. indigotica, so that we can make better use of “salt stress” to stimulate its secondary metabolism. To determine the molecular changes of I. indigotica in salt stress, the RNA-seq was carried out for the expression profile with NGS QC Toolkit (v2.3.2) software, the Illumina HiSeqTM 2000 in Biomarker Technologies Co., Ltd and ESTScan program. The de novo assembly resulted in 33109 unigenes from more than 18.71 Gb data. Of these, 28868 unigenes were annotated using KOG, KEGG, Nr, Nt, Swiss-Prot and TrEMBL databases. Then, 11829 simple sequence repeats were found in unigenes and 7725 primers were designed. After detecting the expression value, the edgeR package found 135 DEG, of those 48 were up-regulated and 87 were down-regulated. The expression pattern of genes that was validated by qPCR indicated that mitochondrial transcription termination factor, non-LTR retroelement reverse transcriptase and CYP79F1 which involved in the first step in biosynthesis of core short-chain aliphatic glucosinolates might play a vital role in coping with salt stress. Although one assembly of I. indigotica unigenes were obtained before, this study would provide more molecular data for further analysis, and facilitate studies on the functions of genes involved in the salt related signal pathways.

To facilitate the estimation of heat loads on plasma-facing components in fusion devices in various different magnetic geometries, a heat load proxy model was developed based on anisotropic diffusion. In this work, this model is compared to the so-called field-line diffusion approach. To facilitate the evaluation of these models, a novel synthetic camera-based approach for obtaining heat load distributions from Monte Carlo samples was also developed and implemented. With the assistance of this synthetic camera, heat load predictions for the Wendelstein 7-X divertor were obtained and compared with infrared camera observations. It was found that the anisotropic diffusion-based model achieved a closer match to infrared camera observations, while still being suitable in computational effort for large magnetic configuration database scans.

卵圆孔未闭（PFO）与隐源性卒中有明显相关性，通过介入封堵可有效预防缺血性卒中的发生，大部分PFO采用常规操作可以完成介入治疗，极少数复杂型PFO需要应用穿刺房间隔的方法。该文报道一例经食道超声心动图（TEE）证实为复杂型PFO的患者，应用心腔内超声（ICE）指导房间隔穿刺，实时监测与指导PFO封堵过程、封堵伞释放后位置及形态，通过彩色多普勒及超声造影判断有无残余分流。ICE实时指导房间隔穿刺成功，清晰监测PFO封堵伞释放过程，封堵伞对周边结构无影响，术后无残余分流。.

The measurement results of the light-scattering airborne particle counter can effectively evaluate the concentration of airborne particles in the clean environment and confined space, and the accuracy improvement of the calibration measurement results has attracted more and more attention. This paper introduces the ‘post-collection-check’ way of the airborne particle concentration measurement method of the OPC (Optical Particle Counter), based on FESEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy) and AAO (Anodic Aluminum Oxide) template, the probability distribution of the collected PSL (Polystyrene Latex) particles on the surface of AAO template, and the pressure parameters of AAO template under the different particle over current areas are both simulated. The numerical simulation results will help to improve the accuracy of the inference statistics of the collected PSL particle number on the membrane filter, and to give guidance on the optimal design of the PSL particle collection tube and the membrane filter, in order to provide an important reference for further improving the OPC particle concentration calibration and traceability method based on statistical theory.

The hyperglycemic environment of diabetes promotes chondrocyte (CH) apoptosis and is closely related to the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis (OA). This present study aimed to elucidate the relation between the cytoskeleton and the caspase-3 expression of human CHs in high glucose in vitro.We used different concentrations of glucose medium to test the effect of glucose on the CHs viability. Cytochalasin D and colchicine were used to prevent the aggregation of F-actin and β-tubulin. Besides, Z-DEVD-FMK (ZDF) or Apoptosis Activator 2 was used to inhibit or activate the caspase-3 expression. The intensity of F-actin and β-tubulin, cell viability, apoptosis, and caspase-3 expression were analyzed.Three days of treatment of 30 mM or 40 mM glucose significantly decreased the CHs viability compared to the 10 mM but increased the caspase-3, apoptosis, collagen, and the aggregation of the F-actin and β-tubulin. However, the cytochalasin D and colchicine partly rejected the high-glucose induced caspase-3 upregulation, apoptosis, and CHs disability. Besides, these two anti-aggregation drugs also suppressed the Apoptosis Activator 2 induced caspase-3 upregulation and apoptosis. Furthermore, the application of ZDF could only prevent the F-actin aggregation, but not the β-tubulin.Long-term high glucose triggers the caspase-3 expression and leads to the CH apoptosis involving cytoskeleton aggregation. Inhibition of cytoskeleton aggregation through the F-actin or β-tubulin could alleviate the high glucose-induced caspase-3 upregulation.

Metastasis is one of the main causes of leading recurrence and death in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). XRCC5 can affect several types of human cancers. The aim of the present study is to explore the metastasis correlation between the expression level of XRCC5 protein in HCC cell lines with different metastatic potentials and the prognosis of patients with HCC.Hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines used in this study include MHCC97-H, MHCC97-L, HepG2, and HL-7702.XRCC5 was widely expressed in HCC cell lines analyzed by Real-Time Reverse Transcription PCR and Western blotting. The levels of XRCC5 protein and mRNA were positively correlated with the migration and invasion capability of HCC cell lines. SiRNA-XRCC5 significantly suppressed the migration and invasion of HCC cells. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) results showed that high-expressed XRCC5 in patients with HCC was associated with advanced tumors, size, and microvascular invasion and lower overall survival time than the low-expressed. The expression levels of CTNNB1 and MMP9 decreased by knocked down XRCC5 which may promote the progression of HCC via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.Our results suggest that the high expression of XRCC5 predicts poor prognosis in patients with HCC, and XRCC5 may be a potential biomarker to inhibit the invasion and migration of HCC.

With the rapid expansion of the high-speed railway (HSR) network in China, some new lines must be constructed near or across existing HSRs, which will likely have an effect on the operation...

In this study, Fe-bearing phase and P-bearing phase were successfully enriched from the steelmaking slag by super gravity. After centrifugal enrichment, there was significant stratification presenting in the sample, the upper part was loose and porous, while the lower was compact and tight. With the help of scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), it was found that large quantities of particles for P-bearing phase gathered in the upper part and gradiently distributed along the direction of the super gravity, while the Fe-bearing phase mainly enriched in the lower part, and the enrichment efficiency was proportional to the centrifugal time and gravity coefficient. Under the gravity coefficient G = 800, T = 1663 K and t = 40 min, the mass fraction of P2O5 in the P-bearing slag was up to 4.12%, and that of FetO in the Fe-bearing slag was 35.17%. The recovery ratio of P2O5 and FetO was up to 77.56 and 60.18%, respectively.

This study aims to construct a radiotherapy model on cervical carcinoma cells and to illustrate the correlation between long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcription 1 (MALAT1) and radiotherapy efficiency.A total of 60 cervical carcinoma patients were recruited, and quantitative PCR (qPCR) was employed to detect MALAT1 expression. A dosage-time curve helped to construct radiotherapy resistant model on cervical carcinoma cell CaSki. Lentivirus transfection was used to silence MALAT1 expression, followed by quantification of clonal formation, apoptosis, and cycle after combined radiotherapy. Bioinformatics tool (miRcode.org), reporter gene and qPCR were used to predict microRNA (miR) interaction with MALAT1. By combining MALAT1 silencing, miR over-expression and radiotherapy, effects on the cervical cancer cell clonal formation, apoptosis, and cycle were observed.Comparing to radiotherapy sensitive tissues, the MALAT1 level was significantly elevated in radiotherapy resistant tissues (0.52 ± 0.18 vs. 1.29 ± 0.34, p0.05). MALAT1 expression in cervical carcinoma cell CaSki was further elevated with elongated radiation time and dosage (p0.05). Comparing to controlled cells, MALAT1 silencing decreased viable cell percentage, enhanced apoptosis, increased G1 phase cells, and decreased G2/M ratio. Bioinformatics, reporter gene, and qPCR showed that MALAT1 exerted its roles in cervical carcinoma cells via interacting with miR-143, both of which had a significant correlation (r=0.77, p0.01). MALAT1 silencing combined with miR-143 plus radiotherapy decreased viable cell percentage, enhanced apoptosis, increased G1 phase ratio, and decreased S or G2/M cells.In cervical carcinoma, MALAT1 can interact with miR-143 to modulate tumor cell survival, apoptosis and cell cycle, thus affecting radiotherapy efficiency.

Increasing greenhouse gas emissions and water shortage are two main problems associated with cultivation of rice. Soil moisture control is not only a core technology in water-saving irrigation, but also a decisive factor of greenhouse gas emissions. The CH(4) and N(2)0 emission fluxes from intermittent irrigation and flooding irrigation in Phaeozem paddy fields in cold area were measured in-situ to provide a theoretical basis for studying the regulation of CH(4) and N(2)O emissions and comprehensive assessing the effect of intermittent irrigation on the environment and control of greenhouse gas emissions. During the rice growing period, CH(4) emissions peaked at the tillering stage, whilst N(2)0 emissions peaked twice at the tillering and milky ripening stages. The accumulated emission of N(2)O from the implementation of flooding irrigation in paddy fields was 6.46 gm(-2), whilst that from intermittent irrigation was 5.47 gm(-2). The accumulated emission of N(2)0 from the implementation of flooding irrigation in paddy fields was 36.88 mgm(-2), whilst that from intermittent irrigation was 68.47 mgm(-2). The global warming potential of CH(4) and N(2)0 was 1362.7lkgCO(2)ha(-1) from intermittent irrigation in paddy fields, a value 108.12 kgCO(2)ha(-1) lower than that from flooding irrigation. Intermittent irrigation can thus be used to effectively decrease and control the combined greenhouse effect of CH4 and N20 emissions from rice paddy fields.

Y-chromosome-specific haplotypes (Y-haplotypes) constructed using single nucleotide polymorphisms (Y-SNPs) in the MSY (male-specific region of the Y-chromosome) are valuable in population genetic studies. But sequence variants in the yak MSY region have been poorly characterized so far. In this study, we screened a total of 16 Y-chromosome-specific gene segments from the ZFY, SRY, UTY, USP9Y, AMELY and OFD1Y genes to identify Y-SNPs in domestic yaks. Six novel Y-SNPs distributed in the USP9Y (g.223C>T), UTY19 (g.158A>C and g.169C>T), AMELY2 (g.261C>T), OFD1Y9 (g.165A>G) and SRY4 (g.104G>A) loci, which can define three Y-haplotypes (YH1, YH2 and YH3) in yaks, were discovered. YH1 was the dominant and presumably most ancient haplotype based on the comparison of UTY19 locus with other bovid species. Interestingly, we found informative UTY19 markers (g.158A>C and g.169C>T) that can effectively distinguish the three yak Y-haplotypes. The nucleotide diversity was 1.7 × 10(-4) ± 0.3 × 10(-4) , indicating rich Y-chromosome diversity in yaks. We identified two highly divergent lineages (YH1 and YH2 vs. YH3) that share similar frequencies (YH1 + YH2: 0.82-0.89, YH3: 0.11-0.18) among all three populations. In agreement with previous mtDNA studies, we supported the hypothesis that the two highly divergent lineages (YH1 and YH2 vs. YH3) derived from a single gene pool, which can be explained by the reunion of at least two paternal populations with the divergent lineages already accumulated before domestication. We estimated a divergence time of 408 110 years between the two divergent lineages, which is consistent with the data from mitochondrial DNA in yaks.

Latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) systems using phase change material (PCM) have received significant research attention in numerous engineering fields. The transient heat transfer phenomenon inside a vertical LHTES unit is numerically investigated, with the paraffin as the PCM and water as the heat transfer fluid (HTF). As a performance enhancement technique, the metal foam insert is applied in both the HTF and PCM sides. The conjugate thermal model for the HTF/foam-wall-PCM/foam system is built, considering the non-equilibrium effect between the solid and fluid phases with two-temperature energy equation and the natural convection inside the PCM with Boussinesq approximation. The enthalpy-based method is employed to account for the solid-liquid phase change problem. The overall performance is compared with other three cases: no foam insert, foam insert in HTF side and foam insert in PCM side. Besides, parametric study is also conducted on the melting features, including the foam structural parameters and inlet conditions of HTF. The results show that foam insert in both sides accelerates the PCM melting effectively. The foam porosity and HTF inlet temperature play important roles in the overall heat transfer, whereas the pore density and HTF inlet velocity have limited effects on the melting rate. The findings can provide referential information for the design of a LHTES system.

Metropolitan areas are facing increasing environmental risks of urban flooding under changing climate and intensified human activities. Therefore, it is of vital importance to evaluate the health of processes of stormwater runoff in changing environment. In this paper, the health evaluation was conducted using an indices system integrating the Analytic Hierarchy Processes (AHP) and Key Performance Indices (KPI) methods. This system consists of four dimensions, i.e. rainfall, runoff generation, runoff routing and river retention, and 12 indicating indices, considering the impacts of urban development on water cycling processes. Case study was conducted in Handan metropolis, North China. Particularly, an extreme stormwater runoff event, i.e. "2017.06.21 Stormwater Event", one of the most severe and typical urban stormwater events recently, was analysed. Results showed that the processes of stormwater runoff in this study rest in a sub-health state. The production processes is the most critical link in the urban water cycling health assessment. This result maps out the problem of poor infrastructure construction in Handan metropolis. Methods and results of this study could help better understanding of urban stormwater management and could serve as a reference for health evaluation of urban flooding in other metropolitan areas.

Penicillium sp. P6, isolated from coal mine soil at the Qiantong colliery Liaoning Province, Northwest China, can degrade Chinese lignite in 36 h on a plate colony and in 48 h using a 4-day cultured cell-free filtrate. Results of elemental analysis and IR spectrometry indicated that solubilized products exhibited some alterations in comparison to the original lignite. The amount of fulvic acid extracted from the biodegraded lignite was high, and the molecular distribution of the humic acids from biodegraded lignite changed distinctively in comparison to which extracted from the control lignite, possibly due to the depolymerization associated with fungal biodegradation.

Based on the background of a complex tunnel constructed in Tibet, a large-scale shaking table test is carried out to study the seismic responses of the tunnel through fault. In this paper, decision of model similarity ratio, model box and the treatment of boundary design, the manufacture process, layout of monitored points and input scheme of seismic wave of the test are introduced in detail. From the test, it concludes that there are some similarities in seismic response between the tunnel through fault and the tunnel through homogeneous rock. With seismic wave upward propagating, seismic response of rock and soil is increasing and tunnel lining in fault was damaged severely. There is a certain influence on seismic wave propagation because of fault.

The initiation of a CD8 cell-mediated pathway (M+) was adopted as a phenotypic trait to analyse genetic predisposition in trichosanthin (Tk)-induced immuno-suppression. Tk is a natural protein antigen with 247 amino acid residues. Based on DNA typing for DR, DQ, DP and TAP genes, data in this paper indicate that only DQ genes were primarily involved and that the alleles DQA1*0501 and DQB1*0201 were strongly associated with the M+ phenotype in cis (on DR3 haplotype) or trans (on DR5/DR7 heterozygotes) complementation. This is consistent with our observation that only the DQ-positive cells were capable of expanding after being co-cultured with Tk for 96 h. Two points of interest were noted. (1) The susceptible haplotype DRB1*0301-DQA1*0501-DQB1*0201 showed an association with the M+ phenotype only if combined with DRB1*04-, DRB1*08-, or DRB1*09-related haplotypes. When co-presented with DRB1*11-, DRB1*15-, DRB1*07-related haplotypes, however, no cis complementation could be detected. A detailed analysis of the association patterns indicated that the DQB1 locus of the non-susceptible haplotypes was the main factor for up- or down-modulation. (2) For M+ phenotype-related trans complementation in Tk-induced suppression, it was found that not only DQA1*0501-DQB1*0201 (DR5/7) alleles, but also associated DQA1*0301-DQB1*0201 (DR4/7, 9/7) alleles, were involved. The allele DQB1*0201 was not associated with the DQA1 alleles in DRB1*01-, DRB1*15-, DRB1*13-, DRB1*07-related haplotypes. The results obtained indicate that there are some additional genetic factors involved in the functional expression of cis and trans complementation of DQA1 and DQB1 genes, among which the DQ alleles play a critical role as self-regulators.

Penicillium sp. P6, isolated from coal mine soil at the Qiantong colliery Liaoning Province, Northwest China, can degrade Chinese lignite in 36 h on a plate colony and in 48 h using a 4-day cultured cell-free filtrate. Results of elemental analysis and IR spectrometry indicated that solubilized products exhibited some alterations in comparison to the original lignite. The amount of fulvic acid extracted from the biodegraded lignite was high, and the molecular distribution of the humic acids from biodegraded lignite changed distinctively in comparison to which extracted from the control lignite, possibly due to the depolymerization associated with fungal biodegradation.

Compound RSA 11 beta-Hydroxylation of Curvularia lunata was studied. The composition of hydroxylation products was analyzed. It was found that the conversion rate with protoplasts was increased conspicuously, the construction and quantity of hydroxylation products was not alteration, but the percentage was changed greatly. The 14 alpha-OH percentage of protoplasts was 3.03-fold than that of mycelia, the 11 alpha-OH percentage was decreased 60%, and the conversion ratio of 11 beta-OH was more 1.29-fold than that of the mycelia. It affected the percentage of hydroxylation products when 2 mg/mL polyoxins were added into the mycelia conversion system.

The initiation of a CD8 cell-mediated pathway (M+) was adopted as a phenotypic trait to analyse genetic predisposition in trichosanthin (Tk)-induced immuno-suppression. Tk is a natural protein antigen with 247 amino acid residues. Based on DNA typing for DR, DQ, DP and TAP genes, data in this paper indicate that only DQ genes were primarily involved and that the alleles DQA1*0501 and DQB1*0201 were strongly associated with the M+ phenotype in cis (on DR3 haplotype) or trans (on DR5/DR7 heterozygotes) complementation. This is consistent with our observation that only the DQ-positive cells were capable of expanding after being co-cultured with Tk for 96 h. Two points of interest were noted. (1) The susceptible haplotype DRB1*0301-DQA1*0501-DQB1*0201 showed an association with the M+ phenotype only if combined with DRB1*04-, DRB1*08-, or DRB1*09-related haplotypes. When co-presented with DRB1*11-, DRB1*15-, DRB1*07-related haplotypes, however, no cis complementation could be detected. A detailed analysis of the association patterns indicated that the DQB1 locus of the non-susceptible haplotypes was the main factor for up- or down-modulation. (2) For M+ phenotype-related trans complementation in Tk-induced suppression, it was found that not only DQA1*0501-DQB1*0201 (DR5/7) alleles, but also associated DQA1*0301-DQB1*0201 (DR4/7, 9/7) alleles, were involved. The allele DQB1*0201 was not associated with the DQA1 alleles in DRB1*01-, DRB1*15-, DRB1*13-, DRB1*07-related haplotypes. The results obtained indicate that there are some additional genetic factors involved in the functional expression of cis and trans complementation of DQA1 and DQB1 genes, among which the DQ alleles play a critical role as self-regulators.

In order to actively control power load on the divertor target plates and study the effect of radiative divertor on plasma parameters in divertor plasmas and heat fluxes to the targets, dedicated experiments with Ar impurity seeding have been performed on experimental advanced superconducting tokamak in typical L-mode discharge with single null divertor configuration, ohmic heating power of 0.5 MW, and lower hybrid wave heating power of 1.0 MW. Ar is puffed into the divertor plasma at the outer target plate near the separatrix strike point with the puffing rate 1.26×1020 s−1. The radiative divertor is formed during the Ar puffing. The SOL/divertor plasma in the L-mode discharge with radiative divertor has been modelled by using SOLPS5.2 code package [V. Rozhansky et al., Nucl. Fusion 49, 025007 (2009)]. The modelling shows the cooling of the divertor plasma due to Ar seeding and is compared with the experimental measurement. The changes of peak electron temperature and heat fluxes at the targets with the ...

HLA-DR4 gene was studied by polymerase chain reaction method in 95 patients with rheumatoid arthritis(RA) and 130 normal controls in a Shanghai population. The results showed that the DR4 was significantly associated with RA(RR = 3.1, chi 2 = 13.8, P0.005). The second exon of DR4 gene was also analysed by PCR-RFLP technique. There were at lest eight DR4 subtypes in this Chinese population. The DRB1 *0405 (Dw15) was the most common allele, accounting for 48% of DR4 positive normal individuals and also is a principal subtype associated with RA susceptibility (RR = 3.1, P0.005). Analysis of the third hyperpolymorphic region of DR4 positive samples showed that 92% of patients had a sequence encoding amino acids RRAA or KRAA compared with 56% of the DR4 positive controls (chi 2 = 10.29 P0.005). All subtypes that were positively associated with RA susceptibility had the RRAA (DRB1* 0404, 0405. 0408 and 0410) or KRAA (DRB1 * 0401) sequences, while the negatively associated ones (DRB1 0402, 0403 and 0406) had not. As a further evidence, it strongly supported the "shared epitope" hypothesis. The different DR4 subtype structures and frequencies may account for the different associations of DR4 with RA in various ethnic groups.

The treatment of hip fracture in 81 cases of elderly (age ranged from 80 to 95) were reviewed. 13 of them were over 90 years old and 42 (52%) were accompanied with more than three preexistent diseases, mainly cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The femoral neck fracture (31 cases) were treated by Smith-Petersen nail or femoral head prosthesis replacement, the intertrochanteric fracture of femur (50 cases) were treated by McLaughlin or Richard nail. 24 cases (29.6%) had post-operative complications, e.g. pneumonia in 9 cases, cerebrovascular disease in 7 cases, cardio-vascular disease in 5 cases. Most of them recovered promptly after appropriate treatment. 5 patients died of pneumonia, the mortality is 6%. Internal fixation of hip fractures in elderly is one of very important methods of relieving pain, lowering morbidity and mortality, and early recovery of motion and normal daily life. It is believed that the proper evaluation of patient's general condition, appropriate treatment of preexistent disease, smooth anesthesia, skillful technique and intensive nursing care are needed for getting good results. The large majority of them will tolerate the operation nicely, even in high risk.

By serum typing, it is indicated that HLA B27 may be associated with the susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis (AS). We analyzed DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) in 28 Chinese AS patients and 99 healthy controls, using a 1.4 Kb HLA class I cDNA probe. The results showed that the frequencies of the 8.1 Kb EcoRI, 5.2 Kb EcoRI and 21.9 Kb XbaI fragments were found to be significantly increased in affected patients (P less than 0.0001, P = 0.0015, respectively), but that of 19.2 Kb XbaI fragment was decreased (P = 0.0021). The data suggest that AS may be a polygenic disease; furthermore, B27 and 8.1 Kb EcoRI band may be two different factors responsible for the susceptibility or just in linkage disequilibrium with the susceptible gene(s).

Studies to date indirectly indicate that only a small percentage of the sediment discharged by the Huanghe (Yellow River) is presently transported from the Gulf of Bohai to the Huanghai (Yellow Sea). Direct measurements in early summer 1985 show low concentrations of suspended sediment east of 119°45′E but high concentrations in Bohai Bay. Stokes drift associated with an amphidrome of the M2 tide may contribute to a northwestward transport of Huanghe sediment.

Hearing determination of 51 cases had been made to observe and explore the TCM pathogenic relation between the collateral channels of Shen and ears. Model 51A-T72N pure tone auditional determinator was used. For each case, routine auditional determination was made after rest in bed quietly for an hour after breakfast. The determinating results were divided into normal (average hearing loss less than 15dB), low frequency, high frequency and plain-typing hearing loss.Among the 51 cases, 8 cases were normal hearing (15.7%), the hearing loss cases were 43 (84.3%); 30 cases were double-ear hearing loss (58.8%); 13 cases were single ear hearing loss (25.5%). Cases of renal diseases frequently occurred among the young (in this group, average age was 29.5 years). Such high incidence was obviously non-physiological, but related to the renal disease itself. More serious hearing damage were seen and were in high frequency. Whether or not it was caused by hypoalbuminaemia, oedema and deprivation in blood vessel leading to disorder of circulation of sound sensitizen, or accumulation of toxin owing to renal dysfunction, or changing composition of endolymph influencing the hearing bristle cells, further research should be done in the near future.