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73 results on '"F McGrew"'

2. Midcircuit Operations Using the omg Architecture in Neutral Atom Arrays

Author

Joanna W. Lis, Aruku Senoo, William F. McGrew, Felix Rönchen, Alec Jenkins, and Adam M. Kaufman

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Midcircuit operations, such as qubit state measurement or reset, are central to many tasks in quantum information science, including quantum computing, entanglement generation, and metrology. For instance, in quantum error correction, the information gained from a measurement on a subset of qubits is used to influence the state of the remaining unmeasured qubits, rectifying inevitable errors that arise in a quantum circuit. Such partial projective operations pose a challenge for dense neutral atom arrays and trapped ions, where accidental exposure to resonant laser light during quantum state initialization and detection can spoil the state of untargeted qubits. In this work, we implement midcircuit operations in a 48-site array of neutral atoms, enabled by new methods for high-fidelity control of the omg (optical-metastable-ground-state qubit) architecture present in ^{171}Yb. Here, the quantum information is encoded in either of the three qubit manifolds and can be shuttled between them. With state-sensitive shelving between the ground and metastable states, we realize a nondestructive state detection for ^{171}Yb, incorporating global control and local feed-forward operations. Using new schemes for local addressing of the optical clock transition, we shelve a subset of qubits to the metastable state, hiding them from projective operations performed on the qubits remaining in the ground state, demonstrating midcircuit measurement, spin reset, and motional reset in the form of ground-state cooling.

Published
2023
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4. Ytterbium Nuclear-Spin Qubits in an Optical Tweezer Array

Author

Alec Jenkins, Joanna W. Lis, Aruku Senoo, William F. McGrew, and Adam M. Kaufman

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

We report on the realization of a fast, scalable, and high-fidelity qubit architecture, based on ^{171}Yb atoms in an optical tweezer array. We demonstrate several attractive properties of this atom for its use as a building block of a quantum information processing platform. Its nuclear spin of 1/2 serves as a long-lived and coherent two-level system, while its rich, alkaline-earth-like electronic structure allows for low-entropy preparation, fast qubit control, and high-fidelity readout. We present a near-deterministic loading protocol, which allows us to fill a 10×10 tweezer array with 92.73(8)% efficiency and a single tweezer with 96.0(1.4)% efficiency. In the future, this loading protocol will enable efficient and uniform loading of target arrays with high probability, an essential step in quantum simulation and information applications. Employing a robust optical approach, we perform submicrosecond qubit rotations and characterize their fidelity through randomized benchmarking, yielding 5.2(5)×10^{-3} error per Clifford gate. For quantum memory applications, we measure the coherence of our qubits with T_{2}^{*}=3.7(4) s and T_{2}=7.9(4) s, many orders of magnitude longer than our qubit rotation pulses. We measure spin depolarization times on the order of tens of seconds and find that this can be increased to the 100 s scale through the application of a several-gauss magnetic field. Finally, we use 3D Raman-sideband cooling to bring the atoms near their motional ground state, which will be central to future implementations of two-qubit gates that benefit from low motional entropy.

Published
2022
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6. Optical atomic clock comparison through turbulent air

Author

Martha I. Bodine, Jean-Daniel Deschênes, Isaac H. Khader, William C. Swann, Holly Leopardi, Kyle Beloy, Tobias Bothwell, Samuel M. Brewer, Sarah L. Bromley, Jwo-Sy Chen, Scott A. Diddams, Robert J. Fasano, Tara M. Fortier, Youssef S. Hassan, David B. Hume, Dhruv Kedar, Colin J. Kennedy, Amanda Koepke, David R. Leibrandt, Andrew D. Ludlow, William F. McGrew, William R. Milner, Daniele Nicolodi, Eric Oelker, Thomas E. Parker, John M. Robinson, Stefania Romish, Stefan A. Schäffer, Jeffrey A. Sherman, Lindsay Sonderhouse, Jian Yao, Jun Ye, Xiaogang Zhang, Nathan R. Newbury, and Laura C. Sinclair

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

We use frequency-comb-based optical two-way time-frequency transfer (O-TWTFT) to measure the optical frequency ratio of state-of-the-art ytterbium and strontium optical atomic clocks separated by a 1.5-km open-air link. Our free-space measurement is compared to a simultaneous measurement acquired via a noise-cancelled fiber link. Despite nonstationary, ps-level time-of-flight variations in the free-space link, ratio measurements obtained from the two links, averaged over 30.5 hours across six days, agree to 6×10^{−19}, showing that O-TWTFT can support free-space atomic clock comparisons below the 10^{−18} level.

Published
2020
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8. Subrecoil Clock-Transition Laser Cooling Enabling Shallow Optical Lattice Clocks

Author

X. Zhang, K. Beloy, Y. S. Hassan, W. F. McGrew, C.-C. Chen, J. L. Siegel, T. Grogan, and A. D. Ludlow

Subjects
Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Physics::Atomic Physics, Physics - Atomic Physics
Abstract

Laser cooling is a key ingredient for quantum control of atomic systems in a variety of settings. In divalent atoms, two-stage Doppler cooling is typically used to bring atoms to the μK regime. Here, we implement a pulsed radial cooling scheme using the ultranarrow ^{1}S_{0}-^{3}P_{0} clock transition in ytterbium to realize subrecoil temperatures, down to tens of nK. Together with sideband cooling along the one-dimensional lattice axis, we efficiently prepare atoms in shallow lattices at an energy of 6 lattice recoils. Under these conditions key limits on lattice clock accuracy and instability are reduced, opening the door to dramatic improvements. Furthermore, tunneling shifts in the shallow lattice do not compromise clock accuracy at the 10^{-19} level.

Published
2022
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11. Empagliflozin in the treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction in addition to background therapies and therapeutic combinations (EMPEROR-Reduced): a post-hoc analysis of a randomised, double-blind trial

Author

Subodh Verma, Nitish K Dhingra, Javed Butler, Stefan D Anker, Joao Pedro Ferreira, Gerasimos Filippatos, James L Januzzi, Carolyn S P Lam, Naveed Sattar, Barbara Peil, Matias Nordaby, Martina Brueckmann, Stuart J Pocock, Faiez Zannad, Milton Packer, M Packer, S Anker, J Butler, G Filippatos, S Pocock, F Zannad, JP Ferreira, M Brueckmann, J George, W Jamal, FK Welty, M Palmer, T Clayton, KG Parhofer, TR Pedersen, B Greenberg, MA Konstam, KR Lees, P Carson, W Doehner, A Miller, M Haas, S Pehrson, M Komajda, I Anand, J Teerlink, A Rabinstein, T Steiner, H Kamel, G Tsivgoulis, J Lewis, J Freston, N Kaplowitz, J Mann, J Petrie, S Perrone, S Nicholls, S Janssens, E Bocchi, N Giannetti, S Verma, J Zhang, J Spinar, M-F Seronde, M Boehm, B Merkely, V Chopra, M Senni, S Taddi, H Tsutsui, D-J Choi, E Chuquiure, HPB La Rocca, P Ponikowski, JRG Juanatey, I Squire, J Januzzi, I Pina, R Bernstein, A Cheung, J Green, S Kaul, C Lam, G Lip, N Marx, P McCullough, C Mehta, J Rosenstock, N Sattar, B Scirica, S Shah, C Wanner, D Aizenberg, L Cartasegna, F Colombo Berra, H Colombo, M Fernandez Moutin, J Glenny, C Alvarez Lorio, D Anauch, R Campos, A Facta, A Fernandez, R Ahuad Guerrero, L Lobo Márquez, RA Leon de la Fuente, M Mansilla, M Hominal, E Hasbani, M Najenson, G Moises Azize, H Luquez, L Guzman, H Sessa, M Amuchástegui, O Salomone, E Perna, D Piskorz, M Sicer, D Perez de Arenaza, C Zaidman, S Nani, C Poy, J Resk, R Villarreal, C Majul, T Smith Casabella, S Sassone, A Liberman, G Carnero, A Caccavo, M Berli, N Budassi, J Bono, A Alvarisqueta, J Amerena, K Kostner, A Hamilton, A Begg, J Beltrame, D Colquhoun, G Gordon, A Sverdlov, G Vaddadi, J Wong, J Coller, D Prior, A Friart, A Leone, G Vervoort, P Timmermans, P Troisfontaines, C Franssen, T Sarens, H Vandekerckhove, P Van De Borne, F Chenot, J De Sutter, E De Vuyst, P Debonnaire, M Dupont, O Pereira Dutra, LH Canani, MdC Vieira Moreira, W de Souza, LM Backes, L Maia, B De Souza Paolino, ER Manenti, W Saporito, F Villaça Guimarães Filho, T Franco Hirakawa, LA Saliba, FC Neuenschwander, CA de Freitas Zerbini, G Gonçalves, Y Gonçalves Mello, J Ascenção de Souza, L Beck da Silva Neto, EA Bocchi, J Da Silveira, JB de Moura Xavier Moraes Junior, JD de Souza Neto, M Hernandes, HC Finimundi, CR Sampaio, E Vasconcellos, FJ Neves Mancuso, MM Noya Rabelo, M Rodrigues Bacci, F Santos, M Vidotti, MV Simões, FL Gomes, C Vieira Nascimento, D Precoma, FA Helfenstein Fonseca, JA Ribas Fortes, PE Leães, D Campos de Albuquerque, JF Kerr Saraiva, S Rassi, FA Alves da Costa, G Reis, S Zieroth, D Dion, D Savard, R Bourgeois, C Constance, K Anderson, M-H Leblanc, D Yung, E Swiggum, L Pliamm, Y Pesant, B Tyrrell, T Huynh, J Spiegelman, J-P Lavoie, M Hartleib, R Bhargava, L Straatman, S Virani, A Costa-Vitali, L Hill, M Heffernan, Y Khaykin, J Ricci, M Senaratne, A Zhai, B Lubelsky, M Toma, L Yao, R McKelvie, L Noronha, M Babapulle, A Pandey, G Curnew, A Lavoie, J Berlingieri, S Kouz, E Lonn, R Chehayeb, Y Zheng, Y Sun, H Cui, Z Fan, X Han, X Jiang, Q Tang, J Zhou, Z Zheng, X Zhang, N Zhang, Y Zhang, A Shen, J Yu, J Ye, Y Yao, J Yan, X Xu, Z Wang, J Ma, Y Li, S Li, S Lu, X Kong, Y Song, G Yang, Z Yao, Y Pan, X Guo, Z Sun, Y Dong, J Zhu, D Peng, Z Yuan, J Lin, Y Yin, O Jerabek, H Burianova, T Fiala, J Hubac, O Ludka, Z Monhart, P Vodnansky, K Zeman, D Foldyna, J Krupicka, I Podpera, L Busak, M Radvan, Z Vomacka, R Prosecky, R Cifkova, V Durdil, J Vesely, J Vaclavik, P Cervinka, A Linhart, T Brabec, R Miklik, H Bourhaial, H-G Olbrich, S Genth-Zotz, E Kemala, B Lemke, M Böhm, S Schellong, W Rieker, T Heitzer, H Ince, M Faghih, A Birkenfeld, A Begemann, A Ghanem, A Ujeyl, S von Haehling, T Dorsel, J Bauersachs, M Prull, F Weidemann, H Darius, G Nickenig, A Wilke, J Sauter, U Rauch-Kroehnert, N Frey, CP Schulze, W König, L Maier, F Menzel, N Proskynitopoulos, H-H Ebert, H-E Sarnighausen, H-D Düngen, M Licka, C Stellbrink, B Winkelmann, N Menck, JL López-Sendón, L de la Fuente Galán, JF Delgado Jiménez, N Manito Lorite, M Pérez de Juan Romero, E Galve Basilio, F Cereto Castro, JR González Juanatey, JJ Gómez, M Sanmartín Fernández, X Garcia-Moll Marimon, D Pascual Figal, R Bover Freire, E Bonnefoy Cudraz, A Jobbe Duval, D Tomasevic, G Habib, R Isnard, F Picard, P Khanoyan, J-L Dubois-Rande, M Galinier, F Roubille, J Alexandre, D Babuty, N Delarche, J-B Berneau, N Girerd, M Saxena, G Rosano, Z Yousef, C Clifford, C Arden, A Bakhai, C Boos, G Jenkins, C Travill, D Price, L Koenyves, F Lakatos, A Matoltsy, E Noori, Z Zilahi, P Andrassy, S Kancz, G Simon, T Sydo, A Vorobcsuk, RG Kiss, K Toth, I Szakal, L Nagy, T Barany, A Nagy, E Szolnoki, VK Chopra, S Mandal, V Rastogi, B Shah, A Mullasari, J Shankar, V Mehta, A Oomman, U Kaul, S Komarlu, D Kahali, A Bhagwat, V Vijan, NK Ghaisas, A Mehta, J Kashyap, Y Kothari, S TaddeI, M Scherillo, V Zacà, S Genovese, A Salvioni, A Fucili, F Fedele, F Cosmi, M Volpe, C Mazzone, G Esposito, M Doi, H Yamamoto, S Sakagami, S Oishi, Y Yasaka, H Tsuboi, Y Fujino, S Matsuoka, Y Watanabe, T Himi, T Ide, M Ichikawa, Y Kijima, T Koga, S Yuda, K Fukui, T Kubota, M Manita, H Fujinaga, T Matsumura, Y Fukumoto, R Kato, Y Kawai, G Hiasa, Y Kazatani, M Mori, A Ogimoto, M Inoko, M Oguri, M Kinoshita, K Okuhara, N Watanabe, Y Ono, K Otomo, Y Sato, T Matsunaga, A Takaishi, N Miyagi, H Uehara, H Takaishi, H Urata, T Kataoka, H Matsubara, T Matsumoto, T Suzuki, N Takahashi, M Imamaki, T Yoshitama, T Saito, H Sekino, Y Furutani, M Koda, T Shinozaki, K Hirabayashi, R Tsunoda, K Yonezawa, H Hori, M Yagi, M Arikawa, T Hashizume, R Ishiki, T Koizumi, K Nakayama, S Taguchi, M Nanasato, Y Yoshida, S Tsujiyama, T Nakamura, K Oku, M Shimizu, M Suwa, Y Momiyama, H Sugiyama, K Kobayashi, S Inoue, T Kadokami, K Maeno, K Kawamitsu, Y Maruyama, A Nakata, T Shibata, A Wada, H-J Cho, JO Na, B-S Yoo, J-O Choi, SK Hong, J-H Shin, M-C Cho, SH Han, J-O Jeong, J-J Kim, SM Kang, D-S Kim, MH Kim, G Llamas Esperon, J Illescas Díaz, P Fajardo Campos, J Almeida Alvarado, A Bazzoni Ruiz, J Echeverri Rico, I Lopez Alcocer, L Valle Molina, C Hernandez Herrera, C Calvo Vargas, FG Padilla Padilla, I Rodriguez Briones, EJJR Chuquiure Valenzuela, ME Aguilera Real, J Carrillo Calvillo, M Alpizar Salazar, JL Cervantes Escárcega, R Velasco Sanchez, N Al - Windy, L van Heerebeek, L Bellersen, H-P Brunner-La Rocca, J Post, GCM Linssen, M van de Wetering, R Peters, R van Stralen, R Groutars, P Smits, A Yilmaz, WEM Kok, P Van der Meer, P Dijkmans, R Troquay, AP van Alem, R Van de Wal, L Handoko, ICD Westendorp, PFMM van Bergen, BJWM Rensing, P Hoogslag, B Kietselaer, JA Kragten, FR den Hartog, A Alings, L Danilowicz-Szymanowicz, G Raczak, W Piesiewicz, W Zmuda, W Kus, P Podolec, W Musial, G Drelich, G Kania, P Miekus, S Mazur, A Janik, J Spyra, J Peruga, P Balsam, B Krakowiak, J Szachniewicz, M Ginel, J Grzybowski, W Chrustowski, P Wojewoda, A Kalinka, A Zurakowski, R Koc, M Debinski, W Fil, M Kujawiak, J Forys, M Kasprzak, M Krol, P Michalski, E Mirek-Bryniarska, K Radwan, G Skonieczny, K Stania, G Skoczylas, A Madej, J Jurowiecki, B Firek, B Wozakowska-Kaplon, K Cymerman, J Neutel, K Adams, P Balfour, A Deswal, A Djamson, P Duncan, M Hong, C Murray, D Rinde-Hoffman, S Woodhouse, R MacNevin, B Rama, C Broome-Webster, S Kindsvater, D Abramov, M Barettella, S Pinney, J Herre, A Cohen, K Vora, K Challappa, S West, S Baum, J Cox, S Jani, A Karim, A Akhtar, O Quintana, L Paukman, R Goldberg, Z Bhatti, M Budoff, E Bush, A Potler, R Delgado, B Ellis, J Dy, J Fialkow, R Sangrigoli, K Ferdinand, C East, S Falkowski, S Donahoe, R Ebrahimi, G Kline, B Harris, R Khouzam, N Jaffrani, N Jarmukli, N Kazemi, M Koren, K Friedman, W Herzog, J Silva Enciso, D Cheung, M Grover-McKay, P Hauptman, D Mikhalkova, V Hegde, J Hodsden, S Khouri, F McGrew, R Littlefield, P Bradley, B McLaurin, S Lupovitch, I Labin, V Rao, M Leithe, M Lesko, N Lewis, D Lombardo, S Mahal, V Malhotra, I Dauber, A Banerjee, J Needell, G Miller, L Paladino, K Munuswamy, M Nanna, E McMillan, M Mumma, M Napoli, W Nelson, T O'Brien, A Adlakha, A Onwuanyi, H Serota, J Schmedtje, A Paraschos, R Potu, C Sai-Sudhakar, M Saltzberg, A Sauer, P Shah, H Skopicki, H Bui, K Carr, G Stevens, N Tahirkheli, J Tallaj, K Yousuf, B Trichon, J Welker, P Tolerico, A Vest, R Vivo, X Wang, R Abadier, S Dunlap, N Weintraub, A Malik, P Kotha, V Zaha, G Kim, N Uriel, T Greene, A Salacata, R Arora, R Gazmuri, J Kobayashi, B Iteld, R Vijayakrishnan, R Dab, Z Mirza, V Marques, M Nallasivan, D Bensimhon, B Peart, H Saint-Jacques, K Barringhaus, J Contreras, A Gupta, S Koneru, V Nguyen, Verma, S, Dhingra, N, Butler, J, Anker, S, Ferreira, J, Filippatos, G, Januzzi, J, Lam, C, Sattar, N, Peil, B, Nordaby, M, Brueckmann, M, Pocock, S, Zannad, F, Packer, M, George, J, Jamal, W, Welty, F, Palmer, M, Clayton, T, Parhofer, K, Pedersen, T, Greenberg, B, Konstam, M, Lees, K, Carson, P, Doehner, W, Miller, A, Haas, M, Pehrson, S, Komajda, M, Anand, I, Teerlink, J, Rabinstein, A, Steiner, T, Kamel, H, Tsivgoulis, G, Lewis, J, Freston, J, Kaplowitz, N, Mann, J, Petrie, J, Perrone, S, Nicholls, S, Janssens, S, Bocchi, E, Giannetti, N, Zhang, J, Spinar, J, Seronde, M, Boehm, M, Merkely, B, Chopra, V, Senni, M, Taddi, S, Tsutsui, H, Choi, D, Chuquiure, E, La Rocca, H, Ponikowski, P, Juanatey, J, Squire, I, Pina, I, Bernstein, R, Cheung, A, Green, J, Kaul, S, Lip, G, Marx, N, Mccullough, P, Mehta, C, Rosenstock, J, Scirica, B, Shah, S, Wanner, C, Aizenberg, D, Cartasegna, L, Colombo Berra, F, Colombo, H, Fernandez Moutin, M, Glenny, J, Alvarez Lorio, C, Anauch, D, Campos, R, Facta, A, Fernandez, A, Ahuad Guerrero, R, Lobo Marquez, L, Leon de la Fuente, R, Mansilla, M, Hominal, M, Hasbani, E, Najenson, M, Moises Azize, G, Luquez, H, Guzman, L, Sessa, H, Amuchastegui, M, Salomone, O, Perna, E, Piskorz, D, Sicer, M, Perez de Arenaza, D, Zaidman, C, Nani, S, Poy, C, Resk, J, Villarreal, R, Majul, C, Smith Casabella, T, Sassone, S, Liberman, A, Carnero, G, Caccavo, A, Berli, M, Budassi, N, Bono, J, Alvarisqueta, A, Amerena, J, Kostner, K, Hamilton, A, Begg, A, Beltrame, J, Colquhoun, D, Gordon, G, Sverdlov, A, Vaddadi, G, Wong, J, Coller, J, Prior, D, Friart, A, Leone, A, Vervoort, G, Timmermans, P, Troisfontaines, P, Franssen, C, Sarens, T, Vandekerckhove, H, Van De Borne, P, Chenot, F, De Sutter, J, De Vuyst, E, Debonnaire, P, Dupont, M, Pereira Dutra, O, Canani, L, Vieira Moreira, M, de Souza, W, Backes, L, Maia, L, De Souza Paolino, B, Manenti, E, Saporito, W, Villaca Guimaraes Filho, F, Franco Hirakawa, T, Saliba, L, Neuenschwander, F, de Freitas Zerbini, C, Goncalves, G, Goncalves Mello, Y, Ascencao de Souza, J, Beck da Silva Neto, L, Da Silveira, J, de Moura Xavier Moraes Junior, J, de Souza Neto, J, Hernandes, M, Finimundi, H, Sampaio, C, Vasconcellos, E, Neves Mancuso, F, Noya Rabelo, M, Rodrigues Bacci, M, Santos, F, Vidotti, M, Simoes, M, Gomes, F, Vieira Nascimento, C, Precoma, D, Helfenstein Fonseca, F, Ribas Fortes, J, Leaes, P, Campos de Albuquerque, D, Kerr Saraiva, J, Rassi, S, Alves da Costa, F, Reis, G, Zieroth, S, Dion, D, Savard, D, Bourgeois, R, Constance, C, Anderson, K, Leblanc, M, Yung, D, Swiggum, E, Pliamm, L, Pesant, Y, Tyrrell, B, Huynh, T, Spiegelman, J, Lavoie, J, Hartleib, M, Bhargava, R, Straatman, L, Virani, S, Costa-Vitali, A, Hill, L, Heffernan, M, Khaykin, Y, Ricci, J, Senaratne, M, Zhai, A, Lubelsky, B, Toma, M, Yao, L, Mckelvie, R, Noronha, L, Babapulle, M, Pandey, A, Curnew, G, Lavoie, A, Berlingieri, J, Kouz, S, Lonn, E, Chehayeb, R, Zheng, Y, Sun, Y, Cui, H, Fan, Z, Han, X, Jiang, X, Tang, Q, Zhou, J, Zheng, Z, Zhang, X, Zhang, N, Zhang, Y, Shen, A, Yu, J, Ye, J, Yao, Y, Yan, J, Xu, X, Wang, Z, Ma, J, Li, Y, Li, S, Lu, S, Kong, X, Song, Y, Yang, G, Yao, Z, Pan, Y, Guo, X, Sun, Z, Dong, Y, Zhu, J, Peng, D, Yuan, Z, Lin, J, Yin, Y, Jerabek, O, Burianova, H, Fiala, T, Hubac, J, Ludka, O, Monhart, Z, Vodnansky, P, Zeman, K, Foldyna, D, Krupicka, J, Podpera, I, Busak, L, Radvan, M, Vomacka, Z, Prosecky, R, Cifkova, R, Durdil, V, Vesely, J, Vaclavik, J, Cervinka, P, Linhart, A, Brabec, T, Miklik, R, Bourhaial, H, Olbrich, H, Genth-Zotz, S, Kemala, E, Lemke, B, Bohm, M, Schellong, S, Rieker, W, Heitzer, T, Ince, H, Faghih, M, Birkenfeld, A, Begemann, A, Ghanem, A, Ujeyl, A, von Haehling, S, Dorsel, T, Bauersachs, J, Prull, M, Weidemann, F, Darius, H, Nickenig, G, Wilke, A, Sauter, J, Rauch-Kroehnert, U, Frey, N, Schulze, C, Konig, W, Maier, L, Menzel, F, Proskynitopoulos, N, Ebert, H, Sarnighausen, H, Dungen, H, Licka, M, Stellbrink, C, Winkelmann, B, Menck, N, Lopez-Sendon, J, de la Fuente Galan, L, Delgado Jimenez, J, Manito Lorite, N, Perez de Juan Romero, M, Galve Basilio, E, Cereto Castro, F, Gonzalez Juanatey, J, Gomez, J, Sanmartin Fernandez, M, Garcia-Moll Marimon, X, Pascual Figal, D, Bover Freire, R, Bonnefoy Cudraz, E, Jobbe Duval, A, Tomasevic, D, Habib, G, Isnard, R, Picard, F, Khanoyan, P, Dubois-Rande, J, Galinier, M, Roubille, F, Alexandre, J, Babuty, D, Delarche, N, Berneau, J, Girerd, N, Saxena, M, Rosano, G, Yousef, Z, Clifford, C, Arden, C, Bakhai, A, Boos, C, Jenkins, G, Travill, C, Price, D, Koenyves, L, Lakatos, F, Matoltsy, A, Noori, E, Zilahi, Z, Andrassy, P, Kancz, S, Simon, G, Sydo, T, Vorobcsuk, A, Kiss, R, Toth, K, Szakal, I, Nagy, L, Barany, T, Nagy, A, Szolnoki, E, Mandal, S, Rastogi, V, Shah, B, Mullasari, A, Shankar, J, Mehta, V, Oomman, A, Kaul, U, Komarlu, S, Kahali, D, Bhagwat, A, Vijan, V, Ghaisas, N, Mehta, A, Kashyap, J, Kothari, Y, Taddei, S, Scherillo, M, Zaca, V, Genovese, S, Salvioni, A, Fucili, A, Fedele, F, Cosmi, F, Volpe, M, Mazzone, C, Esposito, G, Doi, M, Yamamoto, H, Sakagami, S, Oishi, S, Yasaka, Y, Tsuboi, H, Fujino, Y, Matsuoka, S, Watanabe, Y, Himi, T, Ide, T, Ichikawa, M, Kijima, Y, Koga, T, Yuda, S, Fukui, K, Kubota, T, Manita, M, Fujinaga, H, Matsumura, T, Fukumoto, Y, Kato, R, Kawai, Y, Hiasa, G, Kazatani, Y, Mori, M, Ogimoto, A, Inoko, M, Oguri, M, Kinoshita, M, Okuhara, K, Watanabe, N, Ono, Y, Otomo, K, Sato, Y, Matsunaga, T, Takaishi, A, Miyagi, N, Uehara, H, Takaishi, H, Urata, H, Kataoka, T, Matsubara, H, Matsumoto, T, Suzuki, T, Takahashi, N, Imamaki, M, Yoshitama, T, Saito, T, Sekino, H, Furutani, Y, Koda, M, Shinozaki, T, Hirabayashi, K, Tsunoda, R, Yonezawa, K, Hori, H, Yagi, M, Arikawa, M, Hashizume, T, Ishiki, R, Koizumi, T, Nakayama, K, Taguchi, S, Nanasato, M, Yoshida, Y, Tsujiyama, S, Nakamura, T, Oku, K, Shimizu, M, Suwa, M, Momiyama, Y, Sugiyama, H, Kobayashi, K, Inoue, S, Kadokami, T, Maeno, K, Kawamitsu, K, Maruyama, Y, Nakata, A, Shibata, T, Wada, A, Cho, H, Na, J, Yoo, B, Choi, J, Hong, S, Shin, J, Cho, M, Han, S, Jeong, J, Kim, J, Kang, S, Kim, D, Kim, M, Llamas Esperon, G, Illescas Diaz, J, Fajardo Campos, P, Almeida Alvarado, J, Bazzoni Ruiz, A, Echeverri Rico, J, Lopez Alcocer, I, Valle Molina, L, Hernandez Herrera, C, Calvo Vargas, C, Padilla Padilla, F, Rodriguez Briones, I, Chuquiure Valenzuela, E, Aguilera Real, M, Carrillo Calvillo, J, Alpizar Salazar, M, Cervantes Escarcega, J, Velasco Sanchez, R, Al - Windy, N, van Heerebeek, L, Bellersen, L, Brunner-La Rocca, H, Post, J, Linssen, G, van de Wetering, M, Peters, R, van Stralen, R, Groutars, R, Smits, P, Yilmaz, A, Kok, W, Van der Meer, P, Dijkmans, P, Troquay, R, van Alem, A, Van de Wal, R, Handoko, L, Westendorp, I, van Bergen, P, Rensing, B, Hoogslag, P, Kietselaer, B, Kragten, J, den Hartog, F, Alings, A, Danilowicz-Szymanowicz, L, Raczak, G, Piesiewicz, W, Zmuda, W, Kus, W, Podolec, P, Musial, W, Drelich, G, Kania, G, Miekus, P, Mazur, S, Janik, A, Spyra, J, Peruga, J, Balsam, P, Krakowiak, B, Szachniewicz, J, Ginel, M, Grzybowski, J, Chrustowski, W, Wojewoda, P, Kalinka, A, Zurakowski, A, Koc, R, Debinski, M, Fil, W, Kujawiak, M, Forys, J, Kasprzak, M, Krol, M, Michalski, P, Mirek-Bryniarska, E, Radwan, K, Skonieczny, G, Stania, K, Skoczylas, G, Madej, A, Jurowiecki, J, Firek, B, Wozakowska-Kaplon, B, Cymerman, K, Neutel, J, Adams, K, Balfour, P, Deswal, A, Djamson, A, Duncan, P, Hong, M, Murray, C, Rinde-Hoffman, D, Woodhouse, S, Macnevin, R, Rama, B, Broome-Webster, C, Kindsvater, S, Abramov, D, Barettella, M, Pinney, S, Herre, J, Cohen, A, Vora, K, Challappa, K, West, S, Baum, S, Cox, J, Jani, S, Karim, A, Akhtar, A, Quintana, O, Paukman, L, Goldberg, R, Bhatti, Z, Budoff, M, Bush, E, Potler, A, Delgado, R, Ellis, B, Dy, J, Fialkow, J, Sangrigoli, R, Ferdinand, K, East, C, Falkowski, S, Donahoe, S, Ebrahimi, R, Kline, G, Harris, B, Khouzam, R, Jaffrani, N, Jarmukli, N, Kazemi, N, Koren, M, Friedman, K, Herzog, W, Silva Enciso, J, Cheung, D, Grover-McKay, M, Hauptman, P, Mikhalkova, D, Hegde, V, Hodsden, J, Khouri, S, Mcgrew, F, Littlefield, R, Bradley, P, Mclaurin, B, Lupovitch, S, Labin, I, Rao, V, Leithe, M, Lesko, M, Lewis, N, Lombardo, D, Mahal, S, Malhotra, V, Dauber, I, Banerjee, A, Needell, J, Miller, G, Paladino, L, Munuswamy, K, Nanna, M, Mcmillan, E, Mumma, M, Napoli, M, Nelson, W, O'Brien, T, Adlakha, A, Onwuanyi, A, Serota, H, Schmedtje, J, Paraschos, A, Potu, R, Sai-Sudhakar, C, Saltzberg, M, Sauer, A, Shah, P, Skopicki, H, Bui, H, Carr, K, Stevens, G, Tahirkheli, N, Tallaj, J, Yousuf, K, Trichon, B, Welker, J, Tolerico, P, Vest, A, Vivo, R, Wang, X, Abadier, R, Dunlap, S, Weintraub, N, Malik, A, Kotha, P, Zaha, V, Kim, G, Uriel, N, Greene, T, Salacata, A, Arora, R, Gazmuri, R, Kobayashi, J, Iteld, B, Vijayakrishnan, R, Dab, R, Mirza, Z, Marques, V, Nallasivan, M, Bensimhon, D, Peart, B, Saint-Jacques, H, Barringhaus, K, Contreras, J, Gupta, A, Koneru, S, Nguyen, V, Physiologie & médecine expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles [U 1046] (PhyMedExp), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Angiotensin receptor, Glucoside, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Vascular damage Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 16], Adrenergic beta-Antagonists, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Placebo, 03 medical and health sciences, Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Mineralocorticoid receptor, Glucosides, Double-Blind Method, Internal medicine, Post-hoc analysis, Internal Medicine, medicine, Empagliflozin, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Benzhydryl Compounds, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Aged, Benzhydryl Compound, Heart Failure, Ejection fraction, business.industry, Angiotensin Receptor Antagonist, Adrenergic beta-Antagonist, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor, Stroke Volume, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Heart failure, ACE inhibitor, Female, Hypotension, business, medicine.drug, Human
Abstract

Contains fulltext : 249977.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) BACKGROUND: It is important to evaluate whether a new treatment for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) provides additive benefit to background foundational treatments. As such, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of empagliflozin in patients with HFrEF in addition to baseline treatment with specific doses and combinations of disease-modifying therapies. METHODS: We performed a post-hoc analysis of the EMPEROR-Reduced randomised, double-blind, parallel-group trial, which took place in 520 centres (hospitals and medical clinics) in 20 countries in Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America. Patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification II-IV with an ejection fraction of 40% or less were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive the addition of either oral empagliflozin 10 mg per day or placebo to background therapy. The primary composite outcome was cardiovascular death and heart failure hospitalisation; the secondary outcome was total heart failure hospital admissions. An extended composite outcome consisted of inpatient and outpatient HFrEF events was also evaluated. Outcomes were analysed according to background use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) or angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs), as well as β blockers and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) at less than 50% or 50% or more of target doses and in various combinations. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03057977. FINDINGS: In this post-hoc analysis of 3730 patients (mean age 66·8 years [SD 11·0], 893 [23·9%] women; 1863 [49·9%] in the empagliflozin group, 1867 [50·1%] in the placebo group) assessed between March 6, 2017, and May 28, 2020, empagliflozin reduced the risk of the primary outcome (361 in 1863 participants in the empagliflozin group and 462 of 1867 in the placebo group; HR 0·75 [95% CI 0·65-0·86]) regardless of background therapy or its target doses for ACE inhibitors or ARBs at doses of less than 50% of the target dose (HR 0·85 [0·69-1·06]) and for doses of 50% or more of the target dose (HR 0·67 [0·52-0·88]; p(interaction)=0·18). A similar result was seen for β blockers at doses of less than 50% of the target dose (HR 0·66 [0·54-0·80]) and for doses of 50% or more of the target dose (HR 0·81 [0·66-1·00]; p(interaction)=0·15). Empagliflozin also reduced the risk of the primary outcome irrespective of background use of triple therapy with an ACE inhibitor, ARB, or ARNI plus β blocker plus MRA (given combination HR 0·73 [0·61-0·88]; not given combination HR 0·76 [0·62-0·94]; p(interaction)=0·77). Similar patterns of benefit were observed for the secondary and extended composite outcomes. Empagliflozin was well tolerated and rates of hypotension, symptomatic hypotension, and hyperkalaemia were similar across all subgroups. INTERPRETATION: Empagliflozin reduced serious heart failure outcomes across doses and combinations of disease-modifying therapies for HFrEF. Clinically, these data suggest that empagliflozin might be considered as a foundational therapy in patients with HFrEF regardless of their existing background therapy. FUNDING: Boehringer Ingelheim and Eli Lilly and Company.

Published
2022
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12. Ytterbium nuclear-spin qubits in an optical tweezer array

Author

Alec Jenkins, Joanna W. Lis, Aruku Senoo, William F. McGrew, and Adam M. Kaufman

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph), Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas), FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases, Physics - Atomic Physics
Abstract

We report on the realization of a fast, scalable, and high-fidelity qubit architecture, based on $^{171}$Yb atoms in an optical tweezer array. We demonstrate several attractive properties of this atom for its use as a building block of a quantum information processing platform. Its nuclear spin of 1/2 serves as a long-lived and coherent two-level system, while its rich, alkaline-earth-like electronic structure allows for low-entropy preparation, fast qubit control, and high-fidelity readout. We present a near-deterministic loading protocol, which allows us to fill a 10$\times$10 tweezer array with 92.73(8)% efficiency and a single tweezer with 96.0(1.4)% efficiency. In the future, this loading protocol will enable efficient and uniform loading of target arrays with high probability, an essential step in quantum simulation and information applications. Employing a robust optical approach, we perform submicrosecond qubit rotations and characterize their fidelity through randomized benchmarking, yielding 5.2(5)$\times 10^{-3}$ error per Clifford gate. For quantum memory applications, we measure the coherence of our qubits with $T_2^*$=3.7(4) s and $T_2$=7.9(4) s, many orders of magnitude longer than our qubit rotation pulses. We measure spin depolarization times on the order of tens of seconds and find that this can be increased to the 100 s scale through the application of a several-gauss magnetic field. Finally, we use 3D Raman-sideband cooling to bring the atoms near their motional ground state, which will be central to future implementations of two-qubit gates that benefit from low motional entropy., This version includes a corrected discussion of the polarization for one of the single-beam Raman gates

Published
2021

17. Characterization and Suppression of Background Light Shifts in an Optical Lattice Clock

Author

W.J. Brand, Andrew D. Ludlow, R.J. Fasano, Yun-Jhih Chen, Richard W. Fox, and W. F. McGrew

Subjects
Physics, Amplified spontaneous emission, Optical lattice, business.industry, Clock rate, Physics::Optics, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Wavelength, Optics, Band-pass filter, law, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Lasing threshold, Diode
Abstract

Experiments involving optical traps often require careful control of the ac Stark shifts induced by strong confining light fields. By carefully balancing light shifts between two atomic states of interest, optical traps at the magic wavelength have been especially effective at suppressing deleterious effects stemming from such shifts. Highlighting the power of this technique, optical clocks today exploit Lamb-Dicke confinement in magic-wavelength optical traps, in some cases realizing shift cancelation at the ten parts per billion level. Theory and empirical measurements can be used at varying levels of precision to determine the magic wavelength where shift cancelation occurs. However, lasers exhibit background spectra from amplified spontaneous emission or other lasing modes that can easily contaminate measurement of the magic wavelength and its reproducibility in other experiments or conditions. Indeed, residual light shifts from laser background have plagued optical lattice clock measurements for years. In this work, we develop a simple theoretical model allowing prediction of light shifts from measured background spectra. We demonstrate good agreement between this model and measurements of the background light shift from an amplified diode laser in a Yb optical lattice clock. Additionally, we model and experimentally characterize the filtering effect of a volume Bragg grating bandpass filter, demonstrating that application of the filter can reduce background light shifts from amplified spontaneous emission well below the ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}18}$ fractional clock frequency level. This demonstration is corroborated by direct clock comparisons between a filtered amplified diode laser and a filtered titanium:sapphire laser.

Published
2021
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18. Differential Spectroscopy of Atomic Clocks for Improved Measurement Instability

Author

Youssef S. Hassan, David R. Leibrandt, Xiaogang Zhang, Tara M. Fortier, D. H. Hume, May E. Kim, Andrew D. Ludlow, K. Beloy, W. F. McGrew, Nicholas Nardelli, and Ethan Clements

Subjects
Physics, Frequency comb, Phase noise, Precision metrology, Atomic physics, Spectroscopy, Instability, Differential (mathematics), Atomic clock
Abstract

Using frequency comb mediated phase-coherent and synchronous clock comparisons we demonstrate close to a factor of 10 improvement in short-term measurement instability, σy(τ) < 2 x 10-16 @ 1s averaging, between 171Yb and 27Al+ optical clocks.

Published
2021
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19. Ex vivo synergistic effects of apixaban with dual anti-platelet therapy (DAPT) in lowering platelet reactivity and thrombin generation (SEARCH)

Author

J Kotha, B Curry, M Dixon, L Miller, B Dragutsky, F McGrew, Lisa K. Jennings, R Bhula, and Michael J. Herr

Subjects
animal structures, business.industry, Pharmacology, Clopidogrel, Thrombin generation, Platelet reactivity, Thrombin, medicine, Apixaban, Platelet, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Ticagrelor, Ex vivo, medicine.drug
Abstract

Direct oral anticoagulants such as apixaban are increasingly being evaluated clinically for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular events; however, their effects on platelet function in combination with dual anti-platelet therapy (DAPT) have not been fully investigated. The purpose of this translational, in vitro study was to determine if apixaban via inhibition of thrombin generation exhibits synergistic activity with DAPT to reduce platelet reactivity. Consented subjects with a prior history (7 days prior to blood collection. Platelet-rich plasma from TSC anticoagulated blood was prepared and treated in vitro with nothing, a carrier control or apixaban (40, 90 and 220 ng/mL). The range of 40 to 220 ng/mL brackets the expected apixaban exposure at steady state with all three approved regimens with the 40 ng/mL treatment corresponding to Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Private grant(s) and/or Sponsorship. Main funding source(s): Bristol-Myers Squibb

Published
2020
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20. Optical frequency comb divider for microwaves with 10-18 absolute instability

Author

Youssef S. Hassan, Takuma Nakamura, Joe C. Campbell, Franklyn Quinlan, Josue Davila-Rodriguez, K. Beloy, Holly Leopardi, Tara M. Fortier, W. F. McGrew, Scott A. Diddams, Daniele Nicolodi, Andrew D. Ludlow, Xiaojun Xie, Xiaogang Zhang, and Jeff Sherman

Subjects
Computer Science::Hardware Architecture, Optics, Materials science, business.industry, Phase (waves), Optical clock, Optical frequency comb, business, Instability, Microwave, Degradation (telecommunications)
Abstract

Microwaves with 1×10-18 absolute instability were derived from two independent Yb optical clocks. The optical clock phase is reproduced at 10 GHz with 1×10-19 fidelity, demonstrating that state-of-the-art optical clock uncertainty and instability can be converted to microwaves without any degradation.

Published
2020
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21. Optical Atomic Clock Comparison through Turbulent Air

Author

Colin Kennedy, W. F. McGrew, Stefan A. Schäffer, John Robinson, Nathan R. Newbury, Jean-Daniel Deschênes, Xiaogang Zhang, Sarah L. Bromley, Isaac H. Khader, Samuel M. Brewer, Jun Ye, Jeff Sherman, William C. Swann, Amanda Koepke, Jwo-Sy Chen, Thomas E. Parker, David R. Leibrandt, Laura C. Sinclair, R. J. Fasano, Dhruv Kedar, Eric Oelker, David Hume, Tara M. Fortier, Andrew D. Ludlow, Tobias Bothwell, Jian Yao, Stefania Romish, Kyle Beloy, Holly Leopardi, Youssef S. Hassan, William R. Milner, Scott A. Diddams, Daniele Nicolodi, Martha I. Bodine, and Lindsay Sonderhouse

Subjects
Physics, Ytterbium, Strontium, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Turbulence, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Measure (mathematics), Atomic clock, Frequency comb, chemistry, Transfer (computing), Fiber, Atomic physics, Optics (physics.optics), Physics - Optics
Abstract

We use frequency comb-based optical two-way time-frequency transfer (O-TWTFT) to measure the optical frequency ratio of state-of-the-art ytterbium and strontium optical atomic clocks separated by a 1.5 km open-air link. Our free-space measurement is compared to a simultaneous measurement acquired via a noise-cancelled fiber link. Despite non-stationary, ps-level time-of-flight variations in the free-space link, ratio measurements obtained from the two links, averaged over 30.5 hours across six days, agree to $6\times10^{-19}$, showing that O-TWTFT can support free-space atomic clock comparisons below the $10^{-18}$ level.

Published
2020

22. Modeling motional energy spectra and lattice light shifts in optical lattice clocks

Author

Andrew D. Ludlow, Xiaogang Zhang, K. Beloy, R. J. Fasano, W. F. McGrew, Roger C. Brown, Daniele Nicolodi, and Youssef S. Hassan

Subjects
Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Physics, Ytterbium, Optical lattice, Strontium, Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph), High Energy Physics::Lattice, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics::Optics, chemistry.chemical_element, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Physics - Atomic Physics, chemistry, Lattice (order), 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Atomic Physics, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics
Abstract

We develop a model to describe the motional (i.e., external degree of freedom) energy spectra of atoms trapped in a one-dimensional optical lattice, taking into account both axial and radial confinement relative to the lattice axis. Our model respects the coupling between axial and radial degrees of freedom, as well as other anharmonicities inherent in the confining potential. We further demonstrate how our model can be used to characterize lattice light shifts in optical lattice clocks, including shifts due to higher multipolar (magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole) and higher order (hyperpolarizability) coupling to the lattice field. We compare results for our model with results from other lattice light shift models in the literature under similar conditions., 19 pages; accepted to PRA

Published
2020

23. Atomic clock performance enabling geodesy below the centimetre level

Author

Andrew D. Ludlow, K. Beloy, Xiaogang Zhang, Gianmaria Milani, R. J. Fasano, Tai Hyun Yoon, Stefan A. Schäffer, Marco Schioppo, W. F. McGrew, Daniele Nicolodi, N. Hinkley, and Roger C. Brown

Subjects
Physics, Geopotential, Multidisciplinary, General relativity, Gravitational wave, Clock rate, Pendulum, Relative velocity, 01 natural sciences, Atomic clock, Computational physics, 010309 optics, 0103 physical sciences, Sensitivity (control systems), Atomic physics, 010306 general physics
Abstract

The passage of time is tracked by counting oscillations of a frequency reference, such as Earth's revolutions or swings of a pendulum. By referencing atomic transitions, frequency (and thus time) can be measured more precisely than any other physical quantity, with the current generation of optical atomic clocks reporting fractional performance below the $10^{-17}$ level. However, the theory of relativity prescribes that the passage of time is not absolute, but impacted by an observer's reference frame. Consequently, clock measurements exhibit sensitivity to relative velocity, acceleration and gravity potential. Here we demonstrate optical clock measurements surpassing the present-day ability to account for the gravitational distortion of space-time across the surface of Earth. In two independent ytterbium optical lattice clocks, we demonstrate unprecedented levels in three fundamental benchmarks of clock performance. In units of the clock frequency, we report systematic uncertainty of $1.4 \times 10^{-18}$, measurement instability of $3.2 \times 10^{-19}$ and reproducibility characterised by ten blinded frequency comparisons, yielding a frequency difference of $[-7 \pm (5)_{stat} \pm (8)_{sys}] \times 10^{-19}$. While differential sensitivity to gravity could degrade the performance of these optical clocks as terrestrial standards of time, this same sensitivity can be used as an exquisite probe of geopotential. Near the surface of Earth, clock comparisons at the $1 \times 10^{-18}$ level provide 1 cm resolution along gravity, outperforming state-of-the-art geodetic techniques. These optical clocks can further be used to explore geophysical phenomena, detect gravitational waves, test general relativity and search for dark matter.

Published
2018
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24. Progress on optical-clock-based time scale at NIST: Simulations and preliminary real-data analysis

Author

Andrew D. Ludlow, Stephan Schaffer, Jeff Sherman, Thomas E. Parker, Judah Levine, Daniele Nicolodi, Jian Yao, Xiaogang Zhang, Tara M. Fortier, K. Beloy, Stefania Romisch, W. F. McGrew, Holly Leopardi, R. J. Fasano, and Joshua J. Savory

Subjects
Scale (ratio), Aerospace Engineering, Ranging, Hydrogen maser, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, Optical frequencies, 0103 physical sciences, Optical clock, Environmental science, NIST, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 010306 general physics, Simulation
Abstract

This paper describes the recent National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) work on incorporating an optical clock into a time scale. We simulate a time scale composed of continuously operating commercial hydrogen masers and an optical frequency standard that does not operate continuously as a clock. The simulations indicate that to achieve the same performance of a continuously operating Cs-fountain time scale, it is necessary to run an optical frequency standard 12 minutes per half a day, or 1 hour per day, or 4 hours per 2.33 day, or 12 hours per week. Following the simulations, a Yb optical clock at NIST was frequently operated during the periods of 2017 March – April and 2017 late October – late December. During this operation, comb-mediated measurements between the Yb clock and a hydrogen maser had durations ranging from a few minutes to a few hours, depending on the experimental arrangements. This paper analyzes these real data preliminarily and discusses the results. More data are needed to make a more complete assessment.

Published
2018
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25. Ranolazine in High-Risk Patients With Implanted Cardioverter-Defibrillators

Author

Wojciech Zareba, James P. Daubert, Christopher A. Beck, David T. Huang, Jeffrey D. Alexis, Mary W. Brown, Kathryn Pyykkonen, Scott McNitt, David Oakes, Changyong Feng, Mehmet K. Aktas, Felix Ayala-Parades, Adrian Baranchuk, Marc Dubuc, Mark Haigney, Alexander Mazur, Craig A. McPherson, L. Brent Mitchell, Andrea Natale, Jonathan P. Piccini, Merritt Raitt, Mayer Y. Rashtian, Claudio Schuger, Stephen Winters, Seth J. Worley, Ohad Ziv, Arthur J. Moss, W. Zareba, K. Pyykkonen, A. Buttaccio, E. Perkins, D. DeGrey, S. Robertson, A.J. Moss, M. Brown, R. Lansing, A. Oberer, B. Polonsky, V. Ross, A. Papernov, S. Schleede, C. Beck, D. Oakes, C. Feng, S. McNitt S, W.J. Hall, A. Moss, J. Daubert, D. Huang, S. Winters, C. Schuger, M. Haigney, J. Piccini, J. Alexis, L. Chen, A. Miller, J.F. Richeson, S. Rosero, V. Kutyifa, A. Shah, G. Lamas, F. Cohn, F. Harrell, I. Piña, J. Poole, M. Sullivan, D. Lathrop, N. Geller, R. Boineau, J. Trondell, L. Cooper, E. Itturiaga, C. Gottlieb, S. Greer, C. Perzanowski, C. McPherson, C. Hedgepeth, C. Assal, T. Salam, I. Woollett, G. Tomassoni, F. Ayala-Paredes, A. Russo, S. Punnam, R. Sangrigoli, S. Sloan, S. Kutalek, A. Sun, D. Lustgarten, G. Monir, D. Haithcock, R. Sorrentino, D. Cannom, J. Kluger, S. Varanasi, M. Rashtian, F. Philippon, R. Berger, M. Mazzella, T. Lessmeier, J. Silver, S. Worley, M. Bernabei, D. Esberg, M. Dixon, P. LeLorier, Y. Greenberg, V. Essebag, G. Venkataraman, T. Shinn, M. Dubuc, G. Turitto, C. Henrikson, M. Mirro, M. Raitt, A. Baranchuk, G. O'Neill, E. Lockwood, M. Vloka, J. Hurwitz, R.H. Mead, P. Somasundarum, E. Aziz, E. Rashba, A. Budzikowski, M. Cox, A. Natale, E. Chung, O. Ziv, F. McGrew, K. Tamirisa, A. Greenspon, M. Estes, S. Taylor, R. Janardhanan, L.B. Mitchell, M. Burke, M. Attari, B. Mikaelian, S. Hsu, J. Conti, A. Mazur, S. Shorofsky, L. Rosenthal, S. Sakaguchi, D. Wolfe, G. Flaker, S. Saba, M. Aktas, P. Mason, A. Shalaby, D. Musat, R. Abraham, K. Ellenbogen, C. Fellows, N. Kavesh, G. Thomas, D. Hemsworth, and B. Williamson

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Hazard ratio, Ranolazine, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator, Lower risk, Ventricular tachycardia, medicine.disease, Placebo, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Ventricular fibrillation, medicine, Clinical endpoint, Cardiology, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, medicine.drug
Abstract

Background Ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF) remain a challenging problem in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs). Objectives This study aimed to determine whether ranolazine administration decreases the likelihood of VT, VF, or death in patients with an ICD. Methods This was double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial in which high-risk ICD patients with ischemic or nonischemic cardiomyopathy were randomized to 1,000 mg ranolazine twice a day or placebo. The primary endpoint was VT or VF requiring appropriate ICD therapy or death, whichever occurred first. Pre-specified secondary endpoints included ICD shock for VT, VF, or death and recurrent VT or VF requiring ICD therapy. Results Among 1,012 ICD patients (510 randomized to ranolazine and 502 to placebo) the mean age was 64 ± 10 years and 18% were women. During 28 ± 16 months of follow-up there were 372 (37%) patients with primary endpoint, 270 (27%) patients with VT or VF, and 148 (15%) deaths. The blinded study drug was discontinued in 199 (39.6%) patients receiving placebo and in 253 (49.6%) patients receiving ranolazine (p = 0.001). The hazard ratio for ranolazine versus placebo was 0.84 (95% confidence interval: 0.67 to 1.05; p = 0.117) for VT, VF, or death. In a pre-specified secondary analysis, patients randomized to ranolazine had a marginally significant lower risk of ICD therapies for recurrent VT or VF (hazard ratio: 0.70; 95% confidence interval: 0.51 to 0.96; p = 0.028). There were no other significant treatment effects in other pre-specified secondary analyses, which included individual components of the primary endpoint, inappropriate shocks, cardiac hospitalizations, and quality of life. Conclusions In high-risk ICD patients, treatment with ranolazine did not significantly reduce the incidence of the first VT or VF, or death. However, the study was underpowered to detect a difference in the primary endpoint. In prespecified secondary endpoint analyses, ranolazine administration was associated with a significant reduction in recurrent VT or VF requiring ICD therapy without evidence for increased mortality. (Ranolazine Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Trial [RAID]; NCT01215253)

Published
2018
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26. Coherent Optical Clock Down-Conversion for Microwave Frequencies with 10-18 Instability

Author

Scott A. Diddams, Daniele Nicolodi, Franklyn Quinlan, Tara M. Fortier, Josue Davila-Rodriguez, Jeff Sherman, Joe C. Campbell, Kyle Beloy, Xiaogang Zhang, Xiaojun Xie, Youssef S. Hassan, Takuma Nakamura, W. F. McGrew, Andrew D. Ludlow, and Holly Leopardi

Subjects
Physics, Multidisciplinary, Signal generator, business.industry, Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph), Phase (waves), FOS: Physical sciences, Applied Physics (physics.app-ph), Physics - Applied Physics, Stability (probability), Signal, Instability, Atomic clock, law.invention, Physics - Atomic Physics, Optics, law, Radar, business, Microwave, Optics (physics.optics), Physics - Optics
Abstract

Optical atomic clocks are poised to redefine the SI second, thanks to stability and accuracy more than one hundred times better than the current microwave atomic clock standard. However, the best optical clocks have not seen their performance transferred to the electronic domain, where radar, navigation, communications, and fundamental research rely on less stable microwave sources. By comparing two independent optical-to-electronic signal generators, we demonstrate a 10 GHz microwave signal with phase that exactly tracks that of the optical clock phase from which it is derived, yielding an absolute fractional frequency instability of 1*10-18 in the electronic domain. Such faithful reproduction of the optical clock phase expands the opportunities for optical clocks both technologically and scientifically for time-dissemination, navigation, and long-baseline interferometric imaging., 19 page, 10 figures (including Supplementary Text)

Published
2020

27. Coherent optical clock down-conversion for microwave frequencies with 10

Author

Takuma, Nakamura, Josue, Davila-Rodriguez, Holly, Leopardi, Jeff A, Sherman, Tara M, Fortier, Xiaojun, Xie, Joe C, Campbell, William F, McGrew, Xiaogang, Zhang, Youssef S, Hassan, Daniele, Nicolodi, Kyle, Beloy, Andrew D, Ludlow, Scott A, Diddams, and Franklyn, Quinlan

Abstract

Optical atomic clocks are poised to redefine the Système International (SI) second, thanks to stability and accuracy more than 100 times better than the current microwave atomic clock standard. However, the best optical clocks have not seen their performance transferred to the electronic domain, where radar, navigation, communications, and fundamental research rely on less stable microwave sources. By comparing two independent optical-to-electronic signal generators, we demonstrate a 10-gigahertz microwave signal with phase that exactly tracks that of the optical clock phase from which it is derived, yielding an absolute fractional frequency instability of 1 × 10

Published
2020

28. 10-18 Optical Atomic Clock Comparisons within the Boulder Atomic Clock Network

Author

John Robinson, Tara M. Fortier, Tobias Bothwell, W. F. McGrew, Scott A. Diddams, Dhruv Kedar, Daniele Nicolodi, Youssef S. Hassan, Jian Yao, Jeff Sherman, Amanda Koepke, Thomas E. Parker, May E. Kim, Jun Ye, Andrew D. Ludlow, Eric Oelker, Jwo-Sy Chen, D. H. Hume, Martha I. Bodine, Nathan R. Newbury, R. J. Fasano, William C. Swann, Xiaogang Zhang, K. Beloy, Lindsay Sonderhouse, Isaac H. Khader, David R. Leibrandt, Holly Leopardi, William R. Milner, David J. Wineland, Laura C. Sinclair, Jean-Daniel Deschenes, Colin Kennedy, Stefan A. Schäffer, Sarah L. Bromley, Nicholas Nardelli, Samuel M. Brewer, and Ethan Clements

Subjects
010309 optics, Physics, Optical frequencies, 0103 physical sciences, Atom optics, NIST, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0210 nano-technology, 01 natural sciences, Stability (probability), Atomic clock, Computational physics
Abstract

We demonstrate optical frequency comparison of the 171Yb, 27Al+ and 87Sr atomic clocks with measurement uncertainties below 1 part in 1017, and discuss how phase-coherent and synchronous clock comparisons can be used to improve measurement stability.

Published
2020
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29. Measurements ofAl+27andMg+25magnetic constants for improved ion-clock accuracy

Author

David R. Leibrandt, Samuel M. Brewer, Ethan Clements, Holly Leopardi, David Hume, Tara M. Fortier, W. F. McGrew, K. Beloy, R. J. Fasano, Jwo-Sy Chen, Andrew D. Ludlow, David J. Wineland, Xiaogang Zhang, Chin-Wen Chou, Scott A. Diddams, Daniele Nicolodi, and A. M. Hankin

Subjects
Physics, Aluminum Ion, 0103 physical sciences, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Ion
Abstract

An aluminum ion clock has a fractional-frequency uncertainty of less than one part in ${10}^{18}$, a four-decades-long goal in precision.

Published
2019
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30. Measurement of the 27Al+ and 87Sr absolute optical frequencies

Author

Andrew D. Ludlow, Eric Oelker, Dhruv Kedar, Jwo-Sy Chen, Scott A. Diddams, Xiaogang Zhang, Daniele Nicolodi, Holly Leopardi, David Hume, Youssef S. Hassan, William R. Milner, Jian Yao, Jun Ye, Tara M. Fortier, R. J. Fasano, Kyle Beloy, Tobias Bothwell, Jeff Sherman, Lindsay Sonderhouse, Stefania Romisch, Thomas E. Parker, Samuel M. Brewer, Sarah L. Bromley, Colin Kennedy, David R. Leibrandt, W. F. McGrew, and John Robinson

Subjects
Physics, Optics, Optical frequencies, business.industry, General Engineering, Precision metrology, Optical frequency comb, business, Atomic clock
Abstract

We perform absolute measurement of the 27Al+ single-ion and 87Sr neutral lattice clock frequencies at the National Institute of Standards and Technology and JILA at the University of Colorado against a global ensemble of primary frequency standards. Over an eight month period multiple measurements yielded the mean optical atomic transition frequencies ν Al + = 1 121 015 393 207 859.50 ( 0.36 ) Hz and ν Sr = 429 228 004 229 873.19(0.15) Hz, where the stated uncertainties are dominated by statistical noise and gaps in the observation interval (‘dead-time’ uncertainty).

Published
2021
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32. Optical-Clock-Based Time Scale

Author

Jian Yao, Holly Leopardi, W. F. McGrew, Tara M. Fortier, K. Beloy, R. J. Fasano, Andrew D. Ludlow, Thomas E. Parker, Christopher W. Oates, Joshua J. Savory, Xiaogang Zhang, Judah Levine, Scott A. Diddams, Daniele Nicolodi, Stefania Romisch, Stefan A. Schäffer, and Jeff Sherman

Subjects
Coordinated Universal Time, Scale (ratio), Computer science, business.industry, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Applied Physics (physics.app-ph), 02 engineering and technology, Physics - Applied Physics, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Stability (probability), Article, Atomic clock, Flywheel, Orders of magnitude (time), 0103 physical sciences, Limit (music), Electronic engineering, Global Positioning System, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

A time scale is a procedure for accurately and continuously marking the passage of time. It is exemplified by Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), and provides the backbone for critical navigation tools such as the Global Positioning System (GPS). Present time scales employ microwave atomic clocks, whose attributes can be combined and averaged in a manner such that the composite is more stable, accurate, and reliable than the output of any individual clock. Over the past decade, clocks operating at optical frequencies have been introduced which are orders of magnitude more stable than any microwave clock. However, in spite of their great potential, these optical clocks cannot be operated continuously, which makes their use in a time scale problematic. In this paper, we report the development of a hybrid microwave-optical time scale, which only requires the optical clock to run intermittently while relying upon the ensemble of microwave clocks to serve as the flywheel oscillator. The benefit of using clock ensemble as the flywheel oscillator, instead of a single clock, can be understood by the Dick-effect limit. This time scale demonstrates for the first time sub-nanosecond accuracy for a few months, attaining a fractional frequency uncertainty of 1.45*10-16 at 30 days and reaching the 10-17 decade at 50 days, with respect to UTC. This time scale significantly improves the accuracy in timekeeping and could change the existing time-scale architectures.

Published
2019

33. Optical Frequency Measurements at 1×10−18 Uncertainty with Ytterbium Optical Lattice Clocks

Author

Richard W. Fox, Stefan A. Schäffer, Andrew D. Ludlow, K. Beloy, N. Hinkley, Daniele Nicolodi, Tai Hyun Yoon, Xiaogang Zhang, R. J. Fasano, W. F. McGrew, and Roger C. Brown

Subjects
Ytterbium, Physics, Optical lattice, business.industry, Physics::Optics, chemistry.chemical_element, Optical polarization, 01 natural sciences, Stability (probability), Characterization (materials science), 010309 optics, Computer Science::Hardware Architecture, Optics, chemistry, Optical frequencies, 0103 physical sciences, Atom optics, NIST, Physics::Atomic Physics, 010306 general physics, business
Abstract

We describe ytterbium optical lattice clocks under development at NIST. This includes the characterization of optical frequency stability and uncertainty, as well as measurements between two independent clocks, at the 10−18level. We also report on optical frequency ratio measurements with other optical clocks at NIST.

Published
2018
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34. A Cryogenic High-Finesse Optical Cavity to Improve the Stability of Yb Optical Lattice Clocks

Author

Marco Schioppo, K. Beloy, W. F. McGrew, Xiaogang Zhang, Andrew D. Ludlow, Daniele Nicolodi, and R. J. Fasano

Subjects
Cryostat, Optical lattice, Materials science, business.industry, Physics::Optics, Laser, 01 natural sciences, Noise (electronics), law.invention, 010309 optics, Amplitude modulation, Finesse, law, Optical cavity, 0103 physical sciences, Atom optics, Optoelectronics, 010306 general physics, business
Abstract

We report on the implementation of a high-finesse sapphire optical cavity operating in a closed-cycle cryostat at 4 K. Operation at cryogenic temperature allows suppression of thermal noise and potential for laser frequency stabilization at the low 10−17 fractional frequency stability level. However, it complicates controlling technical sources of noise. Solutions for minimizing the impact of acceleration noise, temperature fluctuations, and residual amplitude modulation will be presented, as well as laser frequency stability characterization and preliminary results in applying the improved clock laser to the interrogation of the NIST Yb optical lattice clocks.

Published
2018
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35. Dark matter searches within the intercontinental optical atomic clock network

Author

Andrew D. Ludlow, Mamoru Sekido, W. F. McGrew, Beata Zjawin, Roger C. Brown, R. Le Targat, Roman Ciuryło, Marco Schioppo, Tetsuya Ido, M. Bober, Peter Wolf, Xiaogang Zhang, Daniele Nicolodi, H. Hachisu, P. Ablewski, S. Bilicki, R. J. Fasano, K. Beloy, Jérôme Lodewyck, Piotr Wcisło, P. Morzynski, and Michal Zawada

Subjects
Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, 0103 physical sciences, Dark matter, Atom optics, Astronomy, 010306 general physics, 01 natural sciences, Atomic clock
Abstract

We report preliminary results of dark mater searches within the worldwide network made of our laboratories. We demonstrate that data routinely collected by our currently operating optical atomic clocks without any further developments of the experimental set-ups may be used to run a global program aimed on searches of dark matter.

Published
2018
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36. Analysis of optical atomic clocks readouts aimed on searches for dark-matter signatures

Author

P. Morzynski, Michal Zawada, Mamoru Sekido, Tetsuya Ido, K. Beloy, Andrew D. Ludlow, W. F. McGrew, M. Bober, Peter Wolf, Marco Schioppo, Piotr Wcisło, R. J. Fasano, S. Bilicki, Beata Zjawin, Xiaogang Zhang, Roman Ciuryło, P. Ablewski, H. Hachisu, Roger C. Brown, R. Le Targat, Jérôme Lodewyck, and Daniele Nicolodi

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Dark matter, Scalar (mathematics), Atom optics, 010306 general physics, Adaptive optics, 01 natural sciences, Atomic clock, Computational physics
Abstract

We describe optical atomic clocks readouts' analysis and provide a recipe for analysing data from transcontinental network made of already existing optical atomic clocks to search for dark-matter signatures. We show how to correlate the data and we discuss methods of computing cross-correlation of more than two readouts. Furthermore, we show how to analyse the data from a network of many clocks to exceed previously reported limits on oscillating massive scalar fields couplings to standard matter.

Published
2018
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37. Incorporating an Optical Clock into a Time Scale at NIST: Simulations and Preliminary Real-Data Analysis

Author

Joshua J. Savory, Xiaogang Zhang, Jeff Sherman, W. F. McGrew, Andrew D. Ludlow, Stephan Schaeffer, Judah Levine, Stefania Romisch, Tara M. Fortier, Jian Yao, Kyle Beloy, Daniele Nicolodi, Thomas E. Parker, and R. J. Fasano

Subjects
Scale (ratio), Optical frequencies, NIST, Environmental science, Optical clock, Ranging, Hydrogen maser, Simulation
Abstract

This paper describes the recent NIST work on incorporating an optical clock into a time scale. We simulate a time scale composed of continuously-operating commercial hydrogen masers and an optical frequency standard that does not operate continuously as a clock. The simulations indicate that to achieve the same performance of a continuously-operating Cs-fountain time scale, it is necessary to run an optical frequency standard 12 min per half a day, or 1 hour per day, or 4 hours per 2.33 day, or 12 hours per week. Following the simulations, a Yb optical clock at NIST was frequently operated during the periods of 2017 March – April and 2017 late October – late December. During this operation, comb-mediated measurements between the Yb clock and a hydrogen maser had durations ranging from a few minutes to a few hours, depending on the experimental arrangements. This paper analyzes these real data preliminarily, and discusses the results. More data are needed to make a more complete assessment.

Published
2018
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38. Faraday-Shielded dc Stark-Shift-Free Optical Lattice Clock

Author

Stefan A. Schäffer, Tai Hyun Yoon, Daniele Nicolodi, R. J. Fasano, Roger C. Brown, Andrew D. Ludlow, Xiaogang Zhang, N. Hinkley, W. F. McGrew, and K. Beloy

Subjects
Physics, Optical lattice, Field (physics), Clock rate, General Physics and Astronomy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, symbols.namesake, Stark effect, law, Electric field, 0103 physical sciences, Electromagnetic shielding, Shielded cable, symbols, Physics::Atomic Physics, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Faraday cage
Abstract

We demonstrate the absence of a dc Stark shift in an ytterbium optical lattice clock. Stray electric fields are suppressed through the introduction of an in-vacuum Faraday shield. Still, the effectiveness of the shielding must be experimentally assessed. Such diagnostics are accomplished by applying high voltage to six electrodes, which are grounded in normal operation to form part of the Faraday shield. Our measurements place a constraint on the dc Stark shift at the ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}20}$ level, in units of the clock frequency. Moreover, we discuss a potential source of error in strategies to precisely measure or cancel nonzero dc Stark shifts, attributed to field gradients coupled with the finite spatial extent of the lattice-trapped atoms. With this consideration, we find that Faraday shielding, complemented with experimental validation, provides both a practically appealing and effective solution to the problem of dc Stark shifts in optical lattice clocks.

Published
2018

39. New bounds on dark matter coupling from a global network of optical atomic clocks

Author

Peter Wolf, Andrew D. Ludlow, Tetsuya Ido, Daniele Nicolodi, R.J. Fasano, P. Morzynski, Kyle Beloy, H. Hachisu, Michal Zawada, M. Bober, Xiaogang Zhang, Mamoru Sekido, Piotr Wcisło, Roger C. Brown, S. Bilicki, R. Le Targat, Jérôme Lodewyck, Beata Zjawin, Roman Ciuryło, W. F. McGrew, P. Ablewski, Marco Schioppo, Systèmes de Référence Temps Espace (SYRTE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
experimental methods, Dark matter, defect: topological, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, detector: network, 01 natural sciences, susceptibility, Standard Model, Topological defect, dark matter: coupling, network: optical, 0103 physical sciences, strontium, 010306 general physics, time: measurement methods, Research Articles, Applied Physics, Physics, Coupling, fundamental constant: fine structure, Multidisciplinary, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, atom, Quantum sensor, SciAdv r-articles, ytterbium, dark matter: detector, Atomic clock, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEN-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/General Physics [physics.gen-ph], [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], Atomic physics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Scalar field, Order of magnitude, Research Article
Abstract

The first Earth-scale quantum sensor network based on optical atomic clocks is looking for dark matter candidates., We report on the first Earth-scale quantum sensor network based on optical atomic clocks aimed at dark matter (DM) detection. Exploiting differences in the susceptibilities to the fine-structure constant of essential parts of an optical atomic clock, i.e., the cold atoms and the optical reference cavity, we can perform sensitive searches for DM signatures without the need for real-time comparisons of the clocks. We report a two orders of magnitude improvement in constraints on transient variations of the fine-structure constant, which considerably improves the detection limit for the standard model (SM)–DM coupling. We use Yb and Sr optical atomic clocks at four laboratories on three continents to search for both topological defect and massive scalar field candidates. No signal consistent with a DM coupling is identified, leading to considerably improved constraints on the DM-SM couplings.

Published
2018
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40. Poster presentation

Author

W. Kwong, A. L. Neilson, R. M. Hamilton, C. C. Chiu, E. A. Stephenson, G. J. Gross, L. Soucie, J. A. Kirsh, Z. xian-hui, T. Bao-peng, L. Jin-xin, Z. Yu, Z. Yan-yi, Z. Jiang-hua, T. Hirahara, Y. Sugawara, C. Suga, J. Ako, S. Momomura, A. V. Ardashev, E. G. Zhelyakov, A. V. Konev, M. S. Rybachenko, Y. N. Belenkov, R. Bai, L. Di Biase, P. Santangeli, L. C. Saenz, A. Verma, J. Sanchez, C. Tondo, A. Natale, F. Safari, S. Hajizadeh, A. Mani, A. Khoshbaten, M. Foadoddini, S. S. Forush, G. Bayat, S.-H. Kim, D. Chong, C. K. Ching, R. Liew, null Galalardin, M. W. Khin, W. S. Teo, B. Y. Tan, T. Sakamoto, M. Al Mehairi, S. A. Al Ghamdi, K. Dagriri, A. Al Fagih, R. Selvaraj, B. Ezhumalai, S. Satheesh, A. Ajit, P. Gobu, J. Balachander, X.-q. Liu, X. Zhou, G. Yang, G.-z. Zhong, L. Shi, Y. Tian, Y.-b. Li, A.-h. Wang, X.-c. Yang, S. Takenaka, H. Ozaki, M. Nakamura, M. Otsuka, Y. Tsurumi, G. Nolker, K. J. Gutleben, G. Ritscher, A. M. Sinha, B. Muntean, J. Heintze, J. Vogt, J. Brachmann, D. Horstkotte, T. Katsuyuki, F. McGrew, E. Johnson, M. Coppess, I. Fan, S. Li, L. Zhiyu, L. Zengzhang, L. Xianbin, Y. Yuehui, L. Min, Z. Shu-long, C. Dong, Z. Zhi-tao, W. Xian-jing, D. Ying-xue, Z. Shu-Long, Z. Zhi-Tao, W. Xian-Jing, D. Ying-Xue, P. Liu, J.-H. Guo, Z. Zhang, J. Li, H.-G. Liu, H.-C. Zhang, V. Zvereva, A. Rillig, U. Meyerfeldt, W. Jung, L. Wei, G. Qi, Q. Zhang, Y. Xia, A. Doi, K. Satomi, I. Nakajima, H. Makimoto, T. Yokoyama, Y. Yamada, H. Okamura, T. Noda, T. Aiba, W. Shimizu, N. Aihara, S. Kamakura, Z. Li, Q.-y. Zhao, C.-x. Huang, C. Min-Seok, P. Jeong-Wook, H. Young-Woong, P. Sung-Eun, U. Jae-Sun, O. Yong-Seog, S. Woo-Seung, K. Ji-Hoon, J. Seong-Won, L. Man-Young, R. Tae-Ho, J.-S. Uhm, Y.-S. Oh, M.-S. Choi, J.-W. Park, Y.-W. Ha, S.-E. Park, S.-W. Jang, W.-S. Shin, J.-H. Kim, M.-Y. Lee, T.-H. Rho, J. B. Nielsen, M. S. Olesen, M. Tango, S. Haunso, A. G. Holst, J. H. Svendsen, D. Poci, A.-M. Thogersen, S. Riahi, P. Linde, N. Edvardsson, C. W. Khoo, S. Krishnamoorthy, G. Dwivedi, B. Balakrishnan, H. S. Lim, G. Y. H. Lip, S. D'Ascia, C. D'ascia, V. Marino, M. Chiariello, G. Santulli, L. Music, K. Anderson, B. S. Benzaquen, C. Saponieri, H. Yassin, V. Fridman, B. C. Vasavada, G. Turitto, N. El-Sherif, H. Prabhu, Y. Huang, M. C. Ortega, E. S.-H. Sosa, A. N. Ugalde, A. Al Jamil, M. Abu Siddique, K. M. H. S. S. Haque, S.-i. Momomura, R. Mlynarski, A. Mlynarska, G. Ilczuk, J. Wilczek, M. Sosnowski, R. Kohno, H. Abe, T. Nagatomo, Y. Oginosawa, H. Minamiguchi, Y. Otsuji, S. Ekinci, M. Yesil, S. Bayata, V. K. Vurgun, E. Arikan, N. Postaci, R. Xiaoqing, P. Jielin, Z. Shu, M. Liang, W. Fangzheng, K. Takahashi, T. Tokano, Y. Nakazato, S. Doi, T. Shiozawa, H. Konishi, M. Hiki, Y. Kato, S. Komatsu, S. Takahashi, N. Kubota, H. Tamura, S. Suwa, M. Ohki, T. Katsumata, K. Kizu, F. Bito, M. Sumiyoshi, H. D. Juntendo, T. Yukoyama, F. Perna, M. Leo, L. Leccisotti, M. Casella, G. Pelargonio, M. Lago, G. Bencardino, M. L. Narducci, E. Russo, A. Giordano, F. Bellocci, T. Song, J. Yang, C. Huang, J. Zhang, P. Wu, Y. Chen, X. Fan, T. Wang, X. Wang, Y. Tang, C.-X. Huang, X.-R. Fan, Y.-J. Chen, X.-W. Li, T. Buescher, D. Obias-Manno, C.-J. Yoo, J. Huh, H. Nakanishi, A. Hirata, M. Wada, K. Kashiwase, M. Okada, Y. Ueda, D. Su, X. L. Niu, A. Q. Song, S. Fujii, Y. Yambe, K. Shiiba, M. Sakakibara, A. Watanabe, T. Wada, Y. Koide, M. Ikeda, H. Toda, K. Hashimoto, R. Terasaka, M. Nakahama, Y. Okada, H. Mizuno, H. Ide, T. Ueno, S. Kogaki, K. Ozono, S. Nanto, C. Statescu, R. Bercea, R. A. Sascau, C. A. Georgescu, E. Athanas, N. Y. Mironov, S. A. Bakalov, E. A. Jarova, E. S. Rodionova, N. A. Mironova, J. Kim, M. S. Ahn, D. C. Han, J. T. L. Choo, C. K. Chen, T. H. Tan, K. K. Ong, R. Kam, A. Curnis, L. Bontempi, G. Coppola, M. Cerini, F. Vassanelli, A. Lipari, F. Gennaro, C. Pagnoni, N. Ashofair, L. D. Cas, V. Gourineni, K.-L. Wong, R. Davoudi, N. Hamid, T. B. Yew, C. C. Keong, T. W. Siong, E. Fuke, H. Shimizu, S. Kimura, K. Hao, R. Watanabe, J.-B. Seo, W.-Y. Chung, M.-A. Kim, Z.-H. Zo, S. Krishinan, N. A. Skuratova, L. M. Belyaeva, M. H. Bae, J. H. Lee, H. S. Lee, D. H. Yang, H. S. Park, Y. Cho, S. C. Chae, J.-E. Jun, L. V. Rychkova, V. V. Dolgikh, L. V. Zurbanova, A. V. Zurbanov, A. Aleksanyan, A. Matevosyan, G. Podosyan, P. Zelveian, H. O. Choi, G.-B. Nam, Y. R. Kim, K. H. Kim, K.-J. Choi, Y.-H. Kim, H. A. P. Pakpahan, D. Wei, T. Qizhu, Y. Xiaofei, G. Kai, F. Siting, H. Ji, A. Sato, Y. Tanabe, Y. Hayashi, T. Yoshida, E. Ito, M. Chinushi, K. Hasegawa, N. Yagihara, K. Iijima, D. Izumi, H. Watanabe, H. Furushima, Y. Aizawa, Y.-x. Dong, J. C. Burnett, H. H. Chen, S. Sandberg, Y. Zhang, P.-S. Chen, Y.-M. Cha, X.-h. Zhou, B.-p. Tang, J.-x. Li, Y.-d. Li, J.-h. Zhang, P. Arsenos, K. Gatzoulis, T. Gialernios, P. Dilaveris, S. Sideris, S. Archontakis, D. Tsiachris, S. Christodoulos, Z. Feng, S. Baogui, L. Li, L. Ming, P. Mohanty, A. B. Hesselson, E. De Ruvo, P. L. Gallagher, M. Minati, L. C. A. Natale, G. F. Tomassoni, T. Gan, B. Tang, G. Xu, J. Hosoda, T. Ishikawa, K. Matsushita, K. Matsumoto, Y. Kimura, M. Miyamoto, T. Sugano, T. Ishigami, K. Uchino, K. Kimura, S. Umemura, T. Kurita, L. Ruan, C. Zhang, S. Cai, N. Liu, Y. Ruan, X. Quan, J. K. Kang, N. Y. Kim, S. H. Park, J. E. Jun, W. H. Park, O. V. Sapelnikov, R. S. Latypov, I. R. Grishin, Y. V. Mareev, M. A. Saidova, R. S. Akchurin, G. Manis, D. Mytas, T. Papafanis, M. V. Papavasileiou, C. Stefanadis, L.-N. Ren, X.-H. Fang, Y.-q. Wang, G.-X. Qi, Q.-x. Zeng, Z.-t. Zheng, J.-q. Zhong, Y.-l. Wang, H.-z. Liu, D.-l. Liu, X.-l. Meng, J.-s. Li, G.-y. Su, J. Wang, W. B. Nicolson, S. Kundu, N. Tyagi, P. D. S. Meatcher, S. Yusuf, M. Jeilan, P. J. Stafford, A. J. Sandilands, I. Loke, G. A. Ng, Y. Solak, E. E. Gul, H. Atalay, T. Abdulhalikov, M. Kayrak, S. Turk, A. V. Pogodina, O. V. Valjavskaja, Y. X. Chen, N. S. Luo, J. F. Wang, S. Zhang, S. Ishimaru, M. Miyakawa, R. Kakinoki, M. Tadokoro, S. Kitani, T. Sugaya, K. Nishimura, T. Igarashi, H. Okabayashi, J. Furuya, Y. Igarashi, K. Igarashi, T. Su, D. Winlaw, R. Chard, I. Nicholson, G. Sholler, K. Lau, Q. Sun, K.-p. Cheng, R. Cheng, W. Hua, J.-l. Pu, C. P. Lim, L. L. Chan, L. W. Teo, B. W. K. Kwok, D. K. L. Sim, D. Moneghini, R. Cestari, H. Al Shurafa, S. Al Ghamdi, A. Al Khadra, A. Agacdiken, I. Yalug, A. Vural, U. Celikyurt, D. Ural, T. Aker, E. Schloss, A. Auricchio, C. Zeng, L. Sterns, F. Farooqi, R. Kamdar, S. Adhya, S. Bayne, T. Jackson, L. Pollock, N. Gall, F. Murgatroyd, Y. Guo, Y. Wang, T. Yang, P. Zhu, H. Liu, Y. Zhao, L. Zhang, W. Gao, and M. Gao

Subjects
Physiology (medical), Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Published
2011
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41. Design and Evaluation of Usable Systems

Author

John F. McGrew

Subjects
Medical Terminology, Engineering, business.industry, Parallel design, Genetic algorithm, Systems engineering, Usability, Decision style, Software engineering, business, USable, Design team, Medical Assisting and Transcription
Abstract

This paper discusses a case study of a design and evaluation of a change management system at a large Telecommunications Corporation. The design and evaluation were done using the facilitated genetic algorithm (a parallel design method) and user decision style analysis. During the facilitated genetic algorithm the design team followed the procedure of the genetic algorithm. Usability was evaluated by applying user decision style analysis to the designed system. The design is compared with an existing system and with one designed by an analyst. The change management system designed by the facilitated genetic algorithm took less time to design and decision style analysis indicated it would be easier to use than the other two systems.

Published
2002
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42. Shortening the Human Computer Interface Design Cycle: A Parallel Design Process Based on the Genetic Algorithm

Author

John F. McGrew

Subjects
Fitness function, Process (engineering), business.industry, Computer science, Usability, Industrial engineering, Medical Terminology, Software, Convergence (routing), Genetic algorithm, Systems engineering, Software design, Design process, business, Medical Assisting and Transcription
Abstract

The software design community considers human factors engineering to be a source of bottlenecks in the computer interface design cycle. This paper suggests a way to shorten and improve the typically linear design process, without skimping on human factors engineering. It proposes a parallel design process based on the genetic algorithm of natural biological evolution. Although the genetic algorithm design process can take place within a facilitated group, it differs significantly from facilitation techniques in several ways: It is a parallel process, each design generation is evaluated against a usability fitness function, successive generations must include components from the previous generation, and evolution continues until convergence (consensus regarding the best design) is reached. The process is demonstrated here by a case study of the interface design for a corporate software program. Participants considered 40 designs and reached consensus on a final design in eight hours, thereby shortening the design cycle from two weeks to one day.

Published
2001
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43. The effectiveness of risk management: measuring what didn’t happen

Author

John F. McGrew and John G. Bilotta

Subjects
business.industry, Confounding, Psychological intervention, Management Science and Operations Research, Response bias, General Business, Management and Accounting, Bias of an estimator, Risk analysis (business), Intervention (counseling), Econometrics, Project management, Psychology, business, Risk management
Abstract

Two of the most common reasons for not implementing a risk management program are cost and benefit. This paper focuses on whether the benefits of intervention can be shown to justify the costs. A confounding factor is that the acts of intervention during a risk management program may alter the outcome in ways we cannot separate and therefore cannot cost out. A second confounding factor is response bias – the tendency of individuals consistently to underestimate or overestimate risk, resulting in interventions that may be ineffective or excessively wasteful. The authors demonstrate that signal detection theory (SDT) can be used to analyze data collected during a risk management program to disambiguate the confounding effects of intervention and response bias. SDT can produce an unbiased estimate of percent correct for a risk management program. Furthermore, this unbiased estimator allows comparison of results from one program to another.

Published
2000
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44. A User Decision Model for the Evaluation of the Human Computer Interface

Author

John F. McGrew

Subjects
Human action cycle, business.industry, Computer science, Natural user interface, User modeling, User interface design, Medical Terminology, Interactivity, User experience design, Human–computer interaction, Interface metaphor, User interface, business, Medical Assisting and Transcription
Abstract

This paper discusses a dynamic model of the user's interaction with the user computer interface. It addresses how the user's decision processes interact with different levels of complexity in the user interface. Cellular automata are used to model the interaction of user decision schema and user computer interfaces. The user's decision schema determine the navigation through the interface. Users with idiosyncratic decision schema can effectively navigate only simple interfaces while users with data analytic decision schema can navigate both simple and complex interfaces.

Published
1999
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45. Software Team Formation and Decay

Author

John F. McGrew, John G. Bilotta, and Janet M. Deeney

Subjects
Social Psychology, 05 social sciences, 050109 social psychology, Mnemonic, Formative assessment, 0502 economics and business, Mathematics education, Software team, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Psychology, Social psychology, 050203 business & management, Applied Psychology, Standard model (cryptography), Group development
Abstract

B. W. Tuckman’s model of small group development proposes that groups progress through four formative stages widely known under the mnemonic “forming, storming, norming, performing.” This article analyzes 10 small software development teams classified by age, size, managerial and technical skill, reporting and communication structure, and process performance as assessed under the capability maturity model. Software development teams differ from the experimental groups studied by Tuckman and others in that they often remain together for years to develop, maintain, and enhance a product. The data suggest the need for an extended stage model of team formation that includes analogous decay stages: denorming, de-storming, de-forming. The data support a pattern of increasing and decreasing performance that mirrors the formation and dissolution of teams.

Published
1999
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46. Real World Decision Making Styles and Their Consequences

Author

John F. McGrew

Subjects
Knowledge management, Decision engineering, business.industry, Evidential reasoning approach, Decision tree, Decision rule, Evidential decision theory, R-CAST, Medical Terminology, Business decision mapping, business, Psychology, Medical Assisting and Transcription, Decision analysis
Abstract

The decision style of managers in applied settings were evaluated by raters. Two decision styles were identified, the socio-political and the data analytic. The consequences of these two decision styles were shown by evolving them in a cellular automata. The socio-political decision style produced unstable decisions. The data analytic decision style produced stable decisions.

Published
1998
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47. Prasugrel versus clopidogrel for acute coronary syndromes without revascularization

Author

L. Wang, T. Stys, William E. Boden, R. H. Urbano, D. M. Olinic, Karen S. Pieper, A. Kuijper, E. Soh, J. Nicolau, Jadwiga Nessler, William J. Rogers, Ernesto Rivera, R. Braam, H. Kadr, J. Csikasz, B. Boichev, Prafulla Kerkar, I. Kraiz, R. Babu, Ali Aydinlar, D. Safley, O. Nguyen-Khac, P. Chua, W. Buchanan, C. A. Morales, A. Abyankar, A. Srinivas, S. Genth-Zotz, J. Rocha Faria Neto, D. Drenning, L. Moretti, S. Varma, D. Roth, C. Matei, Jane E. Onken, H. Tumbev, P. Keeling, Xian Li, N. Ciglenecki, Shahyar M. Gharacholou, P. P. Goh, D. Sporn, M. Chang, Marcin Gruchała, R. Foreman, Bogdan Minescu, S. Nawaz, N. Alexeeva, Y. Shalev, C. Fastabend, L. van Zyl, J. F. Certic, J. Longo, J. Wang, K. Dave, Olivier Morel, F. Maatouk, Y. El Rakshy, J. Giacomini, P. Lazov, R. Marino, Dimitar Raev, M. Y. Chan, L. Z. Dextre, Y. Hao, P. Sepulveda, K. Ramshev, C. Bayron, Ameer Kabour, Alon Marmor, Luciano Moreira Baracioli, H. Marais, Rajendra H. Mehta, R. Breedveld, A. Ben Khalfallah, Kurtulus Ozdemir, I. Westendorp, J. A. Quion, Daniel J. George, D. F. Garcia, J.-P Bassand, G. Szalai, Huw Griffiths, O. Ushakov, M. Tzekova, E. Suprun, A. Mowafy, N. El Mansour, Gail V.W. Johnson, Tereshchenko Sn, W. T. Lai, Petr Widimsky, Hany Ragy, V. R. Castillo, M. Padour, Gilles Montalescot, Louie Tirador, Deepak L. Bhatt, M. Marrinan, S. Promisloff, A. Nambiar, Reginald G.E.J. Groutars, S. R. Lee, J. Cabrera, S. Zhang, András Jánosi, K. Wita, R. Sciborski, Annabelle Rodriguez, P. Sedlon, Jaroslaw D. Kasprzak, A. Faynyk, A. Romero Acuña, M. C. Ramirez, Rakesh Gupta, R. Saligrama, Jacek Gniot, Y. Ke, John H. Alexander, X. Liu, E. Baranov, R. Grzywna, Mukul Sharma, A. Linka, Jarosław Wójcik, Haroon Rashid, M. S. Sanchez, M. Gadkari, B. Rao, James S. Zebrack, Paul W. Armstrong, Francois Schiele, Gracita O. Topacio, Peter J. Casterella, A. Belhassane, P. Golino, F. Plat, P. Roberts-Thomson, K. S. Kim, Stephen D. Wiviott, Mathew T. Roe, Y. D. Chen, I. A. Khan, S. Thanvi, S. Isserman, G. Falck, R. M. Coching, S. C. Stamate, M. Ogorek, K. Danisa, Poul Anders Hansen, M. Medvegy, Amos Katz, R. K. Seerangachar, B. Farah, V. Kale, B. Kusnick, Maurice Pye, M. Mosseri, M. Vatutin, D. Weinstein, Norma Keller, A. Mihov, Ewa Mirek-Bryniarska, N. Adjei, S. Sethi, A. Irimpen, M. Broeders, T. Huynh, K. Niezgoda, P. Samardzic, D. Ziperman, Stuart J. Pocock, T. Arad, J. Lewczuk, M. Amuchastegui, R. Moscoso, B. Dimov, W. A. Ahmad, E. Dalli, P. Laothavorn, S. Shaikh, Helmut U. Klein, J. Menon, H. Colombo, L. Fattore, G. Zarrella, Dorairaj Prabhakaran, N. Viboolkitvarakul, Judith D. Goldberg, Neetika Garg, Y. Hasin, F. Rossi Dos Santos, S. J. Vigo, L. Horbach, O. Prokhorov, H. Moellmann, T. R. Vera, C. E. Botta, Domitilla Russo, M. Rossovskaya, David C. Henderson, Rebecca B. Costello, V. Shcherbak, C. J.P.J. Werter, W. Kus, I. Dobre, P. Marechal, T. Nair, H. Nielsen, J. Waites, J. B. Moraes Junior, T. Römer, J. Senior, P. Ionescu, S. Kalashetti, R. N. Ortega, Gail E. Hafley, G. A. Dan, Apur R. Kamdar, Ruth Ann Greenfield, David F. Kong, J. Bergallo, O. Barnum, Antonis S. Manolis, Sumeet Subherwal, S. Schaefer, A. Figueredo, Habib Gamra, S. Bandyopadhyay, V. Miloradovic, Imran Arif, Peter R. Carroll, M. Demirtas, S. Guidera, G. Rogelio, Naseem Jaffrani, N. Mulvihill, Marvin J. Slepian, Darren K. McGuire, Rohit Kalra, Luís A. Providência, F. Van de Werf, Andras Vertes, J. Xu, C. F. Gamio, R. G. Xuereb, R. F. Ramos, E. Kis, N. Bustros, M. De Luca, S. Zhurba, T. Connelly, S. Singhi, F. Gredler, Serdar Kucukoglu, Francesco Fedele, C. Chavez, Christoph Kadel, Antônio Carlos Sobral Sousa, S. Srimahachota, Igor Kaidashev, J. H. Garcia, I. Teodorescu, Birute Petrauskiene, O. Kracoff, Liwa T. Younis, Alain Bouchard, P. Osmancik, Y. Sun, C. Hammett, S. Sabri, William Wallace, Mehmet Yazici, L. Ermoshkina, Harish Chandna, G. Ramos-Lopez, M. Bronisz, Sergio Luiz Zimmermann, Giuseppe Ambrosio, V. Hergeldjieva, César A. Jardim, A. Rifai, H. Lui, A. Lee, J. Scholz Issa, A. Blenkhorn, P. Micale, V. Barbarich, C. Maccallum, Peter J. Grant, G. Topacio, N. Budassi, J. Yan, Keith A.A. Fox, Y. Xia, Jan H. Cornel, A. Rafael, Paul Hermany, S. Potthoff, Mohsin A.F. Khan, Pierre Coste, Neal Ready, N. T. Duda, M. Reyes, A. Chandran, I. G. Gordeev, Anne W. Beaven, B. J.B. Hamer, C. Treasure, Pravin Manga, M. R. Babarskiene, T. Devedzhiev, Alberto Menozzi, L. Lenarz, N. Llerena, Thomas F. Lüscher, Giovânio Vieira da Silva, Y. Malynovsky, L. Ramanathan, M. Belicova, M. O. Ibarra, D. Chew, R. Castillo, M. Kesselbrenner, A. H. Li, E. Baldjiev, M. El-Harari, S. H. Hur, S. Chiaramida, C. E. Chiang, Viliam Fridrich, L. R. Cartasegna, A. Yagensky, Steven E. Hearne, Gregory Pavlides, Witold Rużyłło, Y. Chandrashekhar, S. Welka, H. Petijean, Jose L. Leiva-Pons, Shaul Atar, Andrzej Lubiński, S. Zhao, János Tomcsányi, Narinder Singh, D. Banker, T. Boyek, H. Ebinc, N. Calambur, A. Mouhaffel, M. Creteanu, H. Huang, J. O. Jeong, E. Goudreau, D. Alexopoulos, E. Duronto, S. Car, O. Bashkirtsev, J. Mandak, V. Papademetriou, David O. Williams, Oscar Pereira Dutra, R. Baman, T. J. Hong, J. O. Ibañez, D. L. Gomez, R. K. Jain, R. Jozwa, L. Di Lorenzo, Matthew Wilson, Christian W. Hamm, A. Buakhamsri, Nikitas Moschos, Ashok Kumar, A. Kadiiski, C. Y. Lee, M. Opazo, J. Tang, E. Ferrari, P. Colon-Hernandez, Jean-Pierre Déry, B. Goloborodko, L. Gimple, Diego Ardissino, M. Bergovec, S. Thew, Dariusz Dudek, K. Tang, P. A.G. Zwart, A. Deshpande, S. Sathe, Yves Cottin, V. Pai, O. Koval, J. Lesnik, Pavan S. Reddy, A. Espinoza, Rungroj Krittayaphong, Carisi Anne Polanczyk, E. Kukuy, L. Tejada, J. Nobel, Renato D. Lopes, J. Bagatin, A. Manolova, E. Boudriot, A. Godoy, N. Perepech, Christopher D. Olympios, A. E. Guimarães, James Harris, Aref Rahman, D. Foley, H. J. Kruik, J. Bruguera I Cortada, I. Fotiadis, A. Bharani, Petar Otasevic, Eileen Brown, N. Gratsiansky, J. E. Poulard, Vladimir Gašparović, Habib Haouala, A. de Belder, J. Schmedtje, Lilia Nigro Maia, J. Cobos, Werner Benzer, E. Korban, A. U. Quraishi, X. Hong, A. Bazzi, P. Kotha, L. Gubolino, H. Ingersoll, Debra Marshall, Udo Sechtem, Sandipan Dutta, G. Frago, Anthony Mathur, Shaun G. Goodman, William Bachinsky, A. Hamer, Jaime Gomez, Patrizio Lancellotti, Vance Wilson, L. White, P.P. Mohanan, Aleksandar Knezevic, Sorin J. Brener, Susanna R. Stevens, H. Luquez, S. K. Lee, P. E. Leaes, P. Benjarge, T. Tu, Z. Coufal, N. Koliopoulos, Mahmut Şahin, X. Huang, S. Boldueva, J. De Souza, N. Chidambaram, S. Zolyomi, K. G. Shyu, H. Montecinos, A. Piombo, Wladmir Faustino Saporito, R. L. Kulkarni, I. Szakal, G. Arminio, M. Elbaz, Samir Pancholy, Jang Ho Bae, Giuseppe Musumeci, S. B. Zouari, A. Chois, D. Wojciechowski, A. Bakbak, E. Bozkurt, Kenneth J. Winters, R. Raugaliene, D. Sarkar, J. M. Alegret, Hubertus Heuer, E. Bobescu, E. Roncallo, R. Carlsson, R. Craig McLendon, L K Newby, K. Zrazhevskiy, João Pedro Ferreira, A. Haidar, D. Tellez, Robert Olszewski, Shmuel Gottlieb, H. Jure, A. Garcia Escudero, S. Sengupta, V. Ochean, W. Kostuk, G. Range, F. Leroy, G. Parale, R. Fernandez, M. Fulwani, M. Padovan, Y. Dovgalevskiy, Kreton Mavromatis, H. Hart, Y. G. Ko, F. Seixo, V. Bisne, J. McGarvey, Kimberly L. Blackwell, John H. Strickler, Sanjay Kumar, A. Bordonava, L. Egorova, C. Patocchi, A. Karczmarczyk, Chiara Melloni, Piyamitr Sritara, M. Anastasiou-Nana, Roman Szełemej, K. Penchev, D. Morales, M. Tokmakova, Krzysztof Zmudka, Rakesh Yadav, E. Bressollette, D. Nul, A. L. Astesiano, M. Urban, Abdulhay Albirini, C. T. Chin, F. Moulin, I. M. Coman, R. Watkin, J. Abanilla, J. Brønnum-Schou, J. Anusauskiene, P. Andrade Lotufo, Joseph G. Rogers, M. Bessen, P. C. Sartori, Paulo Roberto Ferreira Rossi, K. Atassi, H. V. Anderson, B. Klugherz, Bateshwar Prasad Singh, Mirza S. Baig, Z. Yusof, J. H. Geertman, A. Labroo, P. Nash, Freek W.A. Verheugt, Nancy J. Brown, M. A. Alcocer, A. Neskovic, L. Francek, Judith S. Hochman, A. Hoffmann, R. Dran, A. Podczeck-Schweighofer, Jeffry Katz, Josh Roberts, Roger E. McLendon, Ronald Rodriguez, T. Downes, A. Roth, L. E. Mayorga, Armagan Altun, José-Luis López-Sendón, M. Krotin, N. van der Merwe, O. Gigliotti, C. Park, G. Brigden, M. Kumbla, D. C G Basart, D. Erdogan, R. van Kranen, J. Beloscar, Johny Joseph, Pierluigi Tricoci, J. Marino, N. Mahon, S. Dani, I. Kovalskyy, Ioannis Nanas, V. Volkov, M. I. Edmilao, J. Kruells-Muench, F. Alamgir, R. Rinaldi, W. E. Mogrovejo, J. Mirat, C. Staniloae, S. Borromeo, H. Kozman, H. Zhang, Y. Zhou, S. Shurmur, A. Manari, M. A. Barrera, A. Vasylenko, D. Keedy, Paul A. Gurbel, Ali Oto, Charles R. Lambert, V. G. Ribeiro, A. Quintero, H. Joshi, L. Tang, J. Allan, C. S. Díaz, F. Carvalho Neuenschwander, Mircea Cintezǎ, M. Kokles, G. Piovaccari, Z. Kovacs, W. Li, C. Beauloye, E. J. Ramos, D. Bertolim Precoma, J. Burstein, G. Covelli, E. C. Zambrano, Assen Goudev, A. Tang, F. Henriquez, S. Tangsuntornwiwat, C. Kirma, GR Aycock, Kenneth W. 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Alves da Cost, Saul Vizel, Hugo Vargas Filho, P. Kaewsuwanna, G. Antonelli, Chuen Den Tseng, I. Vakaliuk, J. Miklin, A. El Hawary, Ashok Jacob, D. Gumm, Kurt Huber, G. Pajes, N. Jathappa, Stanislaw Bartus, P. V. Lavhe, C. Romero, J. Balkin, T. Gould, R. Durgaprasad, Felipe Martinez, Henning Ebelt, A. Puri, D. K. Agarwal, E. E. Buyukoner, R. Mora Junior, P. Poliacik, A. Dande, X. Zhao, J. Floro, A. Bagriy, Yuliya Lokhnygina, M. Atieh, V. Batushkin, Valentin Markov, O. Karpenko, Peter Clemmensen, P. Castro, L. Paloscia, F. Florenzano, J. L. Accini, Tony Schibler, J. Arneja, W. Wu, B. Andruszkiewicz, Michael A. Morse, P. Vojtisek, D. Sadler, S. Frischwasser, M. Cayli, W N Leimbach, E. Flores, B. Wang, A Sosa Liprandi, Y. Michalaros, H. C. Finimundi, Raul D. Santos, N. Vijay, E. Magnus Ohman, Y. Karpenko, J. Sirotiakova, Z. Shogenov, D A Zateyshchikov, Eric P. Viergever, R. Bach, Gary S. Niess, D. C. Acosta, G. Piegari, J. B. Gupta, J. Shanes, E. Ronner, J. Arter, Claudio Cavallini, M. A. Hominal, V. Bugan, S. D. Varini, K. Nyman, B. G. Castillo, Sinan Aydoğdu, N. Novikova, D. Wang, P. Simpson, Y. Huang, Taral Patel, Gabriel Tatu-Chitoiu, D. Silva Junior, H. Theron, C. Alvarez, Anikó Ilona Nagy, T. Chua, P. Georgiev, D. Rittoo, G. De Luca, R. Blonder, Alberto Caccavo, D. Koganti, E. Manenti, N. Ghaisas, G. Letcher, D. Platogiannis, Arshed A. Quyyumi, J. Dy, Z. Ples, W. Kunz Sebba Barroso de Souza, Hamid Taheri, S. Kammoun, A. Salvioni, B. Stockins, K. Sutalo, J. C. Post, Merih Kutlu, Vijay K. Chopra, C. Mathis, Stephen M. Schwartz, Manish Jain, D. Coisne, A. Goudev, A. Dalby, João Morais, P. van Kalmthout, Andrzej Budaj, I. Dotani, L. Mircoli, R. Vicari, J. P. Herrman, M. Moran, G. Lupkovics, Alexander Parkhomenko, J. Heath, Andrew Moriarty, C. Pop, J. Y. Hwang, S. Kassam, R. Martingano, I. Nikolskaya, Z. Zheng, Johann S. de Bono, M. Izzo, R. Labonte, E. H. Forte, W. Moleerergpoom, Piera Angelica Merlini, D. Lee, W. Macias, G. Syan, S. Zhou, S. W. Kim, T. Duris, E. Shaoulian, Andreas U. Wali, Marco Antonio Mota Gomes, Pritibha Singh, M. Ovize, M. Del Core, W. Bowden, B. Xu, Ravi Bhagwat, C. Wongvipaporn, J. Vojacek, Steven Lindsay, F. McGrew, J. Gorny, J. D. Pappas, R. Vuyyuru, J. Chahin, Ashraf Reda, T. Lau, E. Conn, J. Meisner, S. Meymandi, A. D. Hrabar, M. Slanina, D. Jarasuniene, C. Lang, A. Vo, Christian Hamm, H. Gogia, Z. Yuan, T. Mathew, A. Van Dorpe, J. Kettner, M. Barbiero, Harvey D. White, L. Rudenko, V. Jain, M. Carter, David Erlinge, G. Ma, V. Sierkova, D. K. Kim, Steven O. Smith, R. K. Premchand, P. Jetty, J. Y. Hou, V. Simanenkov, T. Kaelsch, David P. Foley, A. Francis, Piotr Ponikowski, Ramón Corbalán, D. Connolly, J. Tuma, R. Zambahari, Miodrag Ostojic, R. Lamich, A. Rabelo Alves, V. Tseluyko, G. Moises Azize, L. Khaisheva, G. Pencheva, C. Ingram, J. Cooke, A. Prado, M. De Tollenaere, M. Kim, Alan Rees, Melanie B. Turner, Mark B. Abelson, H. L. Luciardi, L. Illyes, R. Sarma, L. Manriquez, J. A. Marin Neto, D. Iordachescu-Petica, G. Hoedemaker, Victor S. Gurevich, F. Ridocci, J. Grman, F. Waxman, Jorge F. Saucedo, E. Boughzala, B. S. Jagadesa, Heba Abdullah, A. Weiss, N. Bichan, L. Tami, Y. Bouzid, N. I. Gomez, Zafar Sy, Béla Merkely, J. P. Albisu, L. Rodriguez-Ospina, John C. Chambers, L. L. Lobo Marquez, R. Guan, Steven Georgeson, M. K. Sarna, L. Nogueira Liberato de Sousa, Mika Laine, P. Pimentel Filho, Teresa Kawka-Urbanek, G P Arutyunov, S. Elhadad, A. Dambrauskaite, R. Leon de la Fuente, Audes D. M. Feitosa, P. Baetslé, Abraham Al Ahmad, José Francisco Kerr Saraiva, Roland P.T. Troquay, J. Berlingieri, Margaret Arstall, J. L. Coronado, K. Yang, S. V. Shalaev, Bernard J. Gersh, A. El-Etreby, Elżbieta Zinka, F. De Valais, John E.A. Blair, P. Fajardo, M. Rodriguez, R. Boujnah, H. Hammerman, Y. S. Chong, Stigi Joseph, M. H. Jeong, J. Ge, Q. He, Robert S Iwaoka, Bimal R. Shah, J. Sawhney, T. Sakulsaengprapha, G. Werner, Jill Anderson, M. Hondl, Meinrad Gawaz, Gilmar Reis, M. Dalkowski, Tomáš Janota, M. Damiao Gomes Seabra, A. Dharmadhikari, Aleš Linhart, John Elliott, Kodangudi B. Ramanathan, Doron Zahger, Dilek Ural, L. Regos, F. R. Bolohan, Marcello Galvani, B. Zakhary, N. Qureshi, D. Deac, Maria Emília Figueiredo Teixeira, T. Venter, Santosh Gupta, W. Wright, P. Telekes, A. Furber, V. Nykonov, Zhu Junren, M. Cinteza, I. Lang, S. Junejo, D. Martins, Mauro Esteves Hernandes, G. Ishmurzin, Anthony J. Dalby, R. Scioli, P. Babu, R. Habaluyas, V. Mendoza, G. B. Scaro, Matthew T. Roe, M. Senaratne, D. J. van der Heijden, T. Pillay, Yoav Turgeman, J. Moreira, C. Cuccia, C. Astarita, S. De Servi, Robert G. Wilcox, M. C. Constantinescu, Kardiyoloji, Roe Matthew, T., Armstrong Paul, W., Fox Keith, A. A., White Harvey, D., Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Goodman Shaun, G., Cornel Jan, H., Bhatt Deepak, L., Clemmensen, Peter, Martinez, Felipe, Ardissino, Diego, Nicolau Jose, C., Boden William, E., Gurbel Paul, A., Ruzyllo, Witold, Dalby Anthony, J., McGuire Darren, K., Leiva Pons Jose, L., Parkhomenko, Alexander, Gottlieb, Shmuel, Topacio Gracita, O., Hamm, Christian, Pavlides, Gregory, Goudev Assen, R., Oto, Ali, Tseng Chuen, Den, Merkely, Bela, Gasparovic, Vladimir, Corbalan, Ramon, Cinteza, Mircea, McLendon R., Craig, Winters Kenneth, J., Brown Eileen, B., Lokhnygina, Yuliya, Aylward Philip, E., Huber, Kurt, Hochman Judith, S., Ohman E., Magnu, and Golino, Paolo

Subjects
Male, Prasugrel, Myocardial Infarction, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Piperazines, Purinergic P2 Receptor Antagonists, Myocardial infarction, education.field_of_study, Cardiovascular diseases [NCEBP 14], Acute Coronary Syndrome, Aged, Angina, Unstable, Aspirin, Cardiovascular Diseases, Double-Blind Method, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Middle Aged, Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors, Prasugrel Hydrochloride, Stroke, Thiophenes, Ticlopidine, Medicine (all), Hazard ratio, Clopidogrel, Acute Coronary Syndromes, General Medicine, Angina, Combination, Cardiology, medicine.drug, medicine.medical_specialty, Acute coronary syndrome, Population, Unstable, Drug Therapy, General & Internal Medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, cardiovascular diseases, education, Acute coronary syndromes, Revascularisation, Unstable angina, business.industry, medicine.disease, REVASCULARIZAÇÃO MIOCÁRDICA, business
Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext BACKGROUND: The effect of intensified platelet inhibition for patients with unstable angina or myocardial infarction without ST-segment elevation who do not undergo revascularization has not been delineated. METHODS: In this double-blind, randomized trial, in a primary analysis involving 7243 patients under the age of 75 years receiving aspirin, we evaluated up to 30 months of treatment with prasugrel (10 mg daily) versus clopidogrel (75 mg daily). In a secondary analysis involving 2083 patients 75 years of age or older, we evaluated 5 mg of prasugrel versus 75 mg of clopidogrel. RESULTS: At a median follow-up of 17 months, the primary end point of death from cardiovascular causes, myocardial infarction, or stroke among patients under the age of 75 years occurred in 13.9% of the prasugrel group and 16.0% of the clopidogrel group (hazard ratio in the prasugrel group, 0.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.79 to 1.05; P=0.21). Similar results were observed in the overall population. The prespecified analysis of multiple recurrent ischemic events (all components of the primary end point) suggested a lower risk for prasugrel among patients under the age of 75 years (hazard ratio, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.72 to 1.00; P=0.04). Rates of severe and intracranial bleeding were similar in the two groups in all age groups. There was no significant between-group difference in the frequency of nonhemorrhagic serious adverse events, except for a higher frequency of heart failure in the clopidogrel group. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with unstable angina or myocardial infarction without ST-segment elevation, prasugrel did not significantly reduce the frequency of the primary end point, as compared with clopidogrel, and similar risks of bleeding were observed. (Funded by Eli Lilly and Daiichi Sankyo; TRILOGY ACS ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00699998.).

Published
2012
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48. Atrial natriuretic factor in oliguric acute renal failure. Anaritide Acute Renal Failure Study Group

Author

J, Lewis, M M, Salem, G M, Chertow, L S, Weisberg, F, McGrew, T C, Marbury, and R L, Allgren

Subjects
Adult, Male, Oliguria, Blood Pressure, Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute, Middle Aged, Peptide Fragments, Placebos, Survival Rate, Treatment Outcome, Double-Blind Method, Heart Rate, Renal Dialysis, Risk Factors, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Humans, Female, Prospective Studies, Diuretics, Atrial Natriuretic Factor, Aged
Abstract

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), an endogenous hormone synthesized by the cardiac atria, has been shown to improve renal function in multiple animal models of acute renal failure. In a recent multicenter clinical trial of 504 patients with acute tubular necrosis (oliguric and nonoliguric), ANP decreased the need for dialysis only in the oliguric patients. In the present study, 222 patients with oliguric acute renal failure were enrolled into a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial designed to assess prospectively the safety and efficacy of ANP compared with placebo. Subjects were randomized to treatment with a 24-hour infusion of ANP (anaritide, 0.2 microgram/kg/min; synthetic form of human ANP) or placebo. Dialysis and mortality status were followed up for 60 days. The primary efficacy end point was dialysis-free survival through day 21. Dialysis-free survival rates were 21% in the ANP group and 15% in the placebo group (P = 0.22). By day 14 of the study, 64% and 77% of the ANP and placebo groups had undergone dialysis, respectively (P = 0.054), and 9 additional patients (7 patients, ANP group; 2 patients, placebo group) needed dialysis but did not receive it. Although a trend was present, there was no statistically significant beneficial effect of ANP in dialysis-free survival or reduction in dialysis in these subjects with oliguric acute renal failure. Mortality rates through day 60 were 60% versus 56% in the ANP and placebo groups, respectively (P = 0.541). One hundred two of 108 (95%) versus 63 of 114 (55%) patients in the ANP and placebo groups had systolic blood pressures less than 90 mm Hg during the study-drug infusion (P0.001). The maximal absolute decrease in systolic blood pressure was significantly greater in the anaritide group than placebo group (33.6 versus 23.9 mm Hg; P0.001). This well-characterized population with oliguric acute renal failure had an overall high morbidity and mortality.

Published
2000

49. A dose-dependent increase in mortality with vesnarinone among patients with severe heart failure. Vesnarinone Trial Investigators

Author

J N, Cohn, S O, Goldstein, B H, Greenberg, B H, Lorell, R C, Bourge, B E, Jaski, S O, Gottlieb, F, McGrew, D L, DeMets, and B G, White

Subjects
Heart Failure, Male, Cardiotonic Agents, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors, Arrhythmias, Cardiac, Middle Aged, Survival Analysis, Death, Sudden, Double-Blind Method, Pyrazines, Quality of Life, Quinolines, Humans, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Aged, Agranulocytosis
Abstract

Vesnarinone, an inotropic drug, was shown in a short-term placebo-controlled trial to improve survival markedly in patients with severe heart failure when given at a dose of 60 mg per day, but there was a trend toward an adverse effect on survival when the dose was 120 mg per day. In a longer-term study, we evaluated the effects of daily doses of 60 mg or 30 mg of vesnarinone, as compared with placebo, on mortality and morbidity.We enrolled 3833 patients who had symptoms of New York Heart Association class III or IV heart failure and a left ventricular ejection fraction of 30 percent or less despite optimal treatment. The mean follow-up was 286 days.There were significantly fewer deaths in the placebo group (242 deaths, or 18.9 percent) than in the 60-mg vesnarinone group (292 deaths, or 22.9 percent) and longer survival (P=0.02). The increase in mortality with vesnarinone was attributed to an increase in sudden death, presumed to be due to arrhythmia. The quality of life had improved significantly more in the 60-mg vesnarinone group than in the placebo group at 8 weeks (P0.001) and 16 weeks (P=0.003) after randomization. Trends in mortality and in measures of the quality of life in the 30-mg vesnarinone group were similar to those in the 60-mg group but not significantly different from those in the placebo group. Agranulocytosis occurred in 1.2 percent of the patients given 60 mg of vesnarinone per day and 0.2 percent of those given 30 mg of vesnarinone.Vesnarinone is associated with a dose-dependent increase in mortality among patients with severe heart failure, an increase that is probably related to an increase in deaths due to arrhythmia. A short-term benefit in terms of the quality of life raises issues about the appropriate therapeutic goal in treating heart failure.

Published
1998

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