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116 results on '"F J, Müller"'

1. Control and Diagnostics System Generator for Complex FPGA-Based Measurement Systems.

Author: Wojciech Zabolotny, Marek Guminski, Michal Kruszewski, and Walter F. J. Müller
Published: 2021
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2. Fast SIMDized Kalman filter based track fit.

Author: Sergey Gorbunov 0002, Udo Kebschull, Ivan Kisel, Volker Lindenstruth, and Walter F. J. Müller
Published: 2008
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3. Throttling Studies for the CBM Self-triggered Readout

Author: J. Lehnert, David Emschermann, Xin Gao, and Walter F. J. Müller
Subjects: Physics, business.industry, Bandwidth throttling, SystemVerilog, Compressed baryonic matter, Synchrotron, law.invention, Software, law, business, computer, Intensity (heat transfer), Beam (structure), Computer hardware, computer.programming_language
Abstract: The Compressed Baryonic Matter experiment (CBM) will study rare probes in a heavy-ion environment at high interaction rates of up to 10 MHz. The observation of detached vertices requires a topological trigger, which is too complex to be defined in the hardware, and fully realized in software. Excluding conventional, latency-limited trigger architectures, CBM opted for a free-running readout. The primary beam is delivered by a slow extraction synchrotron. To be able to operate the experiment at highest interaction rates, despite beam intensity fluctuations, a time-based throttling mechanism is under study. SystemVerilog based simulations of the readout system show the feasibility of the examined throttling algorithm to reduce the number of incomplete events, particularly in presence of intensity fluctuations.
Published: 2020
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4. Differentiation of disease-specific induced pluripotent stem cells into a blood-brain barrier system analyzing the role of APOE4 in Alzheimerʼs disease

Author: J Pfeifer, U Haferkamp, Ina Giegling, W Neuhaus, A Appelt-Menzel, Annette M. Hartmann, Dan Rujescu, Carla Hartmann, O Pless, Matthias Jung, A Gerhart, F-J Müller, and B Schuldt
Subjects: Disease specific, medicine.anatomical_structure, business.industry, Cancer research, Medicine, Disease, business, Induced pluripotent stem cell, Blood–brain barrier
Published: 2020
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5. Search for an Invisibly Decaying Z′ Boson at Belle II in e+e- →μ+μ- (e±μ) Plus Missing Energy Final States

Author: I, Adachi, P, Ahlburg, H, Aihara, N, Akopov, A, Aloisio, N, Anh Ky, D M, Asner, H, Atmacan, T, Aushev, V, Aushev, T, Aziz, V, Babu, S, Baehr, P, Bambade, Sw, Banerjee, V, Bansal, M, Barrett, J, Baudot, J, Becker, P K, Behera, J V, Bennett, E, Bernieri, F U, Bernlochner, M, Bertemes, M, Bessner, S, Bettarini, F, Bianchi, D, Biswas, A, Bozek, M, Bračko, P, Branchini, R A, Briere, T E, Browder, A, Budano, L, Burmistrov, S, Bussino, M, Campajola, L, Cao, G, Casarosa, C, Cecchi, D, Červenkov, M-C, Chang, R, Cheaib, V, Chekelian, Y Q, Chen, Y-T, Chen, B G, Cheon, K, Chilikin, K, Cho, S, Cho, S-K, Choi, S, Choudhury, D, Cinabro, L, Corona, L M, Cremaldi, S, Cunliffe, T, Czank, F, Dattola, E, De La Cruz-Burelo, G, De Nardo, M, De Nuccio, G, De Pietro, R, de Sangro, M, Destefanis, S, Dey, A, De Yta-Hernandez, F, Di Capua, Z, Doležal, I, Domínguez Jiménez, T V, Dong, K, Dort, D, Dossett, S, Dubey, S, Duell, G, Dujany, S, Eidelman, M, Eliachevitch, J E, Fast, T, Ferber, D, Ferlewicz, G, Finocchiaro, S, Fiore, A, Fodor, F, Forti, B G, Fulsom, E, Ganiev, M, Garcia-Hernandez, R, Garg, V, Gaur, A, Gaz, A, Gellrich, J, Gemmler, T, Geßler, R, Giordano, A, Giri, B, Gobbo, R, Godang, P, Goldenzweig, B, Golob, P, Gomis, W, Gradl, E, Graziani, D, Greenwald, Y, Guan, C, Hadjivasiliou, S, Halder, T, Hara, O, Hartbrich, K, Hayasaka, H, Hayashii, C, Hearty, M T, Hedges, I, Heredia de la Cruz, M, Hernández Villanueva, A, Hershenhorn, T, Higuchi, E C, Hill, M, Hoek, C-L, Hsu, Y, Hu, T, Iijima, K, Inami, G, Inguglia, J, Irakkathil Jabbar, A, Ishikawa, R, Itoh, Y, Iwasaki, W W, Jacobs, D E, Jaffe, E-J, Jang, H B, Jeon, S, Jia, Y, Jin, C, Joo, K K, Joo, J, Kahn, H, Kakuno, A B, Kaliyar, J, Kandra, G, Karyan, Y, Kato, T, Kawasaki, B H, Kim, C-H, Kim, D Y, Kim, K-H, Kim, S-H, Kim, Y K, Kim, Y, Kim, T D, Kimmel, H, Kindo, C, Kleinwort, P, Kodyš, T, Koga, S, Kohani, I, Komarov, S, Korpar, N, Kovalchuk, T M G, Kraetzschmar, P, Križan, R, Kroeger, P, Krokovny, T, Kuhr, J, Kumar, M, Kumar, R, Kumar, K, Kumara, S, Kurz, A, Kuzmin, Y-J, Kwon, S, Lacaprara, C, La Licata, L, Lanceri, J S, Lange, K, Lautenbach, I-S, Lee, S C, Lee, P, Leitl, D, Levit, L K, Li, Y B, Li, J, Libby, K, Lieret, L, Li Gioi, Z, Liptak, Q Y, Liu, D, Liventsev, S, Longo, T, Luo, Y, Maeda, M, Maggiora, E, Manoni, S, Marcello, C, Marinas, A, Martini, M, Masuda, T, Matsuda, K, Matsuoka, D, Matvienko, F, Meggendorfer, J C, Mei, F, Meier, M, Merola, F, Metzner, M, Milesi, C, Miller, K, Miyabayashi, H, Miyake, R, Mizuk, K, Azmi, G B, Mohanty, T, Moon, T, Morii, H-G, Moser, F, Mueller, F J, Müller, Th, Muller, G, Muroyama, R, Mussa, E, Nakano, M, Nakao, M, Nayak, G, Nazaryan, D, Neverov, C, Niebuhr, N K, Nisar, S, Nishida, K, Nishimura, M, Nishimura, B, Oberhof, K, Ogawa, Y, Onishchuk, H, Ono, Y, Onuki, P, Oskin, H, Ozaki, P, Pakhlov, G, Pakhlova, A, Paladino, A, Panta, E, Paoloni, H, Park, B, Paschen, A, Passeri, A, Pathak, S, Paul, T K, Pedlar, I, Peruzzi, R, Peschke, R, Pestotnik, M, Piccolo, L E, Piilonen, V, Popov, C, Praz, E, Prencipe, M T, Prim, M V, Purohit, P, Rados, R, Rasheed, S, Reiter, M, Remnev, P K, Resmi, I, Ripp-Baudot, M, Ritter, G, Rizzo, L B, Rizzuto, S H, Robertson, D, Rodríguez Pérez, J M, Roney, C, Rosenfeld, A, Rostomyan, N, Rout, G, Russo, D, Sahoo, Y, Sakai, S, Sandilya, A, Sangal, L, Santelj, P, Sartori, Y, Sato, V, Savinov, B, Scavino, J, Schueler, C, Schwanda, R M, Seddon, Y, Seino, A, Selce, K, Senyo, C, Sfienti, C P, Shen, J-G, Shiu, B, Shwartz, A, Sibidanov, F, Simon, R J, Sobie, A, Soffer, A, Sokolov, E, Solovieva, S, Spataro, B, Spruck, M, Starič, S, Stefkova, Z S, Stottler, R, Stroili, J, Strube, M, Sumihama, T, Sumiyoshi, D J, Summers, S Y, Suzuki, M, Tabata, M, Takizawa, U, Tamponi, S, Tanaka, K, Tanida, N, Taniguchi, P, Taras, F, Tenchini, E, Torassa, K, Trabelsi, T, Tsuboyama, M, Uchida, K, Unger, Y, Unno, S, Uno, Y, Ushiroda, S E, Vahsen, R, van Tonder, G S, Varner, K E, Varvell, A, Vinokurova, L, Vitale, A, Vossen, M, Wakai, H M, Wakeling, W, Wan Abdullah, C H, Wang, M-Z, Wang, A, Warburton, M, Watanabe, J, Webb, S, Wehle, C, Wessel, J, Wiechczynski, H, Windel, E, Won, B, Yabsley, S, Yamada, W, Yan, S B, Yang, H, Ye, J H, Yin, M, Yonenaga, C Z, Yuan, Y, Yusa, L, Zani, Z, Zhang, V, Zhilich, Q D, Zhou, X Y, Zhou, V I, Zhukova, Adachi, I., Ahlburg, P., Aihara, H., Akopov, N., Aloisio, A., Anh Ky, N., Asner, D. M., Atmacan, H., Aushev, T., Aushev, V., Aziz, T., Babu, V., Baehr, S., Bambade, P., Banerjee, Sw., Bansal, V., Barrett, M., Baudot, J., Becker, J., Behera, P. K., Bennett, J. V., Bernieri, E., Bernlochner, F. U., Bertemes, M., Bessner, M., Bettarini, S., Bianchi, F., Biswas, D., Bozek, A., Bračko, M., Branchini, P., Briere, R. A., Browder, T. E., Budano, A., Burmistrov, L., Bussino, S., Campajola, M., Cao, L., Casarosa, G., Cecchi, C., Červenkov, D., Chang, M. -C., Cheaib, R., Chekelian, V., Chen, Y. Q., Chen, Y. -T., Cheon, B. G., Chilikin, K., Cho, K., Cho, S., Choi, S. -K., Choudhury, S., Cinabro, D., Corona, L., Cremaldi, L. M., Cunliffe, S., Czank, T., Dattola, F., De La Cruz-Burelo, E., De Nardo, G., De Nuccio, M., De Pietro, G., de Sangro, R., Destefanis, M., Dey, S., De Yta-Hernandez, A., Di Capua, F., Doležal, Z., Domínguez Jiménez, I., Dong, T. V., Dort, K., Dossett, D., Dubey, S., Duell, S., Dujany, G., Eidelman, S., Eliachevitch, M., Fast, J. E., Ferber, T., Ferlewicz, D., Finocchiaro, G., Fiore, S., Fodor, A., Forti, F., Fulsom, B. G., Ganiev, E., Garcia-Hernandez, M., Garg, R., Gaur, V., Gaz, A., Gellrich, A., Gemmler, J., Geßler, T., Giordano, R., Giri, A., Gobbo, B., Godang, R., Goldenzweig, P., Golob, B., Gomis, P., Gradl, W., Graziani, E., Greenwald, D., Guan, Y., Hadjivasiliou, C., Halder, S., Hara, T., Hartbrich, O., Hayasaka, K., Hayashii, H., Hearty, C., Hedges, M. T., Heredia de la Cruz, I., Hernández Villanueva, M., Hershenhorn, A., Higuchi, T., Hill, E. C., Hoek, M., Hsu, C. -L., Hu, Y., Iijima, T., Inami, K., Inguglia, G., Irakkathil Jabbar, J., Ishikawa, A., Itoh, R., Iwasaki, Y., Jacobs, W. W., Jaffe, D. E., Jang, E. -J., Jeon, H. B., Jia, S., Jin, Y., Joo, C., Joo, K. K., Kahn, J., Kakuno, H., Kaliyar, A. B., Kandra, J., Karyan, G., Kato, Y., Kawasaki, T., Kim, B. H., Kim, C. -H., Kim, D. Y., Kim, K. -H., Kim, S. -H., Kim, Y. K., Kim, Y., Kimmel, T. D., Kindo, H., Kleinwort, C., Kodyš, P., Koga, T., Kohani, S., Komarov, I., Korpar, S., Kovalchuk, N., Kraetzschmar, T. M. G., Križan, P., Kroeger, R., Krokovny, P., Kuhr, T., Kumar, J., Kumar, M., Kumar, R., Kumara, K., Kurz, S., Kuzmin, A., Kwon, Y. -J., Lacaprara, S., La Licata, C., Lanceri, L., Lange, J. S., Lautenbach, K., Lee, I. -S., Lee, S. C., Leitl, P., Levit, D., Li, L. K., Li, Y. B., Libby, J., Lieret, K., Li Gioi, L., Liptak, Z., Liu, Q. Y., Liventsev, D., Longo, S., Luo, T., Maeda, Y., Maggiora, M., Manoni, E., Marcello, S., Marinas, C., Martini, A., Masuda, M., Matsuda, T., Matsuoka, K., Matvienko, D., Meggendorfer, F., Mei, J. C., Meier, F., Merola, M., Metzner, F., Milesi, M., Miller, C., Miyabayashi, K., Miyake, H., Mizuk, R., Azmi, K., Mohanty, G. B., Moon, T., Morii, T., Moser, H. -G., Mueller, F., Müller, F. J., Muller, Th., Muroyama, G., Mussa, R., Nakano, E., Nakao, M., Nayak, M., Nazaryan, G., Neverov, D., Niebuhr, C., Nisar, N. K., Nishida, S., Nishimura, K., Nishimura, M., Oberhof, B., Ogawa, K., Onishchuk, Y., Ono, H., Onuki, Y., Oskin, P., Ozaki, H., Pakhlov, P., Pakhlova, G., Paladino, A., Panta, A., Paoloni, E., Park, H., Paschen, B., Passeri, A., Pathak, A., Paul, S., Pedlar, T. K., Peruzzi, I., Peschke, R., Pestotnik, R., Piccolo, M., Piilonen, L. E., Popov, V., Praz, C., Prencipe, E., Prim, M. T., Purohit, M. V., Rados, P., Rasheed, R., Reiter, S., Remnev, M., Resmi, P. K., Ripp-Baudot, I., Ritter, M., Rizzo, G., Rizzuto, L. B., Robertson, S. H., Rodríguez Pérez, D., Roney, J. M., Rosenfeld, C., Rostomyan, A., Rout, N., Russo, G., Sahoo, D., Sakai, Y., Sandilya, S., Sangal, A., Santelj, L., Sartori, P., Sato, Y., Savinov, V., Scavino, B., Schueler, J., Schwanda, C., Seddon, R. M., Seino, Y., Selce, A., Senyo, K., Sfienti, C., Shen, C. P., Shiu, J. -G., Shwartz, B., Sibidanov, A., Simon, F., Sobie, R. J., Soffer, A., Sokolov, A., Solovieva, E., Spataro, S., Spruck, B., Starič, M., Stefkova, S., Stottler, Z. S., Stroili, R., Strube, J., Sumihama, M., Sumiyoshi, T., Summers, D. J., Suzuki, S. Y., Tabata, M., Takizawa, M., Tamponi, U., Tanaka, S., Tanida, K., Taniguchi, N., Taras, P., Tenchini, F., Torassa, E., Trabelsi, K., Tsuboyama, T., Uchida, M., Unger, K., Unno, Y., Uno, S., Ushiroda, Y., Vahsen, S. E., van Tonder, R., Varner, G. S., Varvell, K. E., Vinokurova, A., Vitale, L., Vossen, A., Wakai, M., Wakeling, H. M., Wan Abdullah, W., Wang, C. H., Wang, M. -Z., Warburton, A., Watanabe, M., Webb, J., Wehle, S., Wessel, C., Wiechczynski, J., Windel, H., Won, E., Yabsley, B., Yamada, S., Yan, W., Yang, S. B., Ye, H., Yin, J. H., Yonenaga, M., Yuan, C. Z., Yusa, Y., Zani, L., Zhang, Z., Zhilich, V., Zhou, Q. D., Zhou, X. Y., and Zhukova, V. I.
Subjects: High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract: Theories beyond the standard model often predict the existence of an additional neutral boson, the Z^{'}. Using data collected by the Belle II experiment during 2018 at the SuperKEKB collider, we perform the first searches for the invisible decay of a Z^{'} in the process e^{+}e^{-}→μ^{+}μ^{-}Z^{'} and of a lepton-flavor-violating Z^{'} in e^{+}e^{-}→e^{±}μ^{∓}Z^{'}. We do not find any excess of events and set 90% credibility level upper limits on the cross sections of these processes. We translate the former, in the framework of an L_{μ}-L_{τ} theory, into upper limits on the Z^{'} coupling constant at the level of 5×10^{-2}-1 for M_{Z^{'}}≤6 GeV/c^{2}.
Published: 2020
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6. Belle II pixel detector: Performance of final DEPFET modules

Author: B. Deschamps, R. Sedlmeyer, Z. Doležal, S. Mccarney, S. Reiter, F. Lütticke, Zhiyong Liu, U. Packheiser, T. Kuhr, K. Lautenbach, P. Leitl, K. Ackermann, S. Krivokuca, L. Macharski, Belle-II Depfet, V. Babu, S. Skambraks, R. Ayad, B. Spruck, Allen Caldwell, S. Vogt, Thomas Gessler, Oscar Alonso, C. H. Wang, Martin Ritter, Dmytro Levit, Jochen Dingfelder, Florian Schopper, B. Kisielewski, H. G. Moser, Ivan Peric, K. Gadow, M. Hensel, C. Niebuhr, U. Leis, Angel Dieguez, Tomasz Hemperek, Peter Kvasnicka, H. Ye, Carlos Lacasta, M. Fras, A. Bozek, Marcel Vos, Ivan Vila, P. Wieduwilt, U. Stolzenberg, J. Zhao, D. Getzkow, H. Schreeck, P. Kapusta, V. Chekelian, C. Camien, A. Rabusov, Y. Bai, P. Ahlburg, Hans Krüger, M. Schnecke, Wolfgang Kuhn, Soumen Paul, T. Bilka, Frank Simon, L. Gioi, D. Moya, B. Scavino, D. Esperante, Ladislav Andricek, A. Frey, J. Fuster, S. Huber, C. Kiesling, I. Konorov, R. Stever, P. Gomis, E. Tafelmayer, Concettina Sfienti, R. Blanco, Jelena Ninkovic, Gerhard Schaller, B. Paschen, L. Germic, F. Abudinen, Carlos Marinas, Michael Ritzert, U. Gebauer, C. Koffmane, F. J. Müller, Maiko Takahashi, M. Hoek, F. Poblotzki, C. Wessel, D. Münchow, F. Müller, Y. Soloviev, S. Rummel, D. Kittlinger, J. S. Lange, Peter Kodys, M. Heck, J. Sanchez, R. Richter, Gerhard Liemann, M. Boronat, Norbert Wermes, H. Windel, D. Klose, M. Albalawi, Jakub Kandra, AL Virto, M. Gabriel, Benjamin Schwenker, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, World Premier International Research Center (Japan), European Commission, Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (Czech Republic), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), and Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España)
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Luminosity (scattering theory), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Resolution (electron density), Detector, 01 natural sciences, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, PXD, Belle II, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Field-effect transistor, Vertex detector, Impact parameter, 010306 general physics, business, Instrumentation, DEPFET, Pixel detector
Abstract: Belle-II DEPFET and PXD Collaboration: et al., A DEpleted P-channel Field Effect Transistor (DEPFET) based pixel detector was developed for the Belle II VerteX Detector (VXD). It is designed to achieve a good impact parameter resolution better than 15𝜇m at the very high luminosity conditions of this experiment. In the first half of 2018 four final production modules have been deployed in the commissioning run of the detector and their performance is discussed., This work is supported by MEXT, WPI, and JSPS (Japan); MSMT, GAUK 404316, MSCA-RISE project JENNIFER (EU grant n. 644294) (Czech Republic); Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF, Germany) and MINECO grant FPA2015-71292-C2-1-P (Spain).
Published: 2020

7. A protocol for hit and control synchronous transfer for the front-end electronics at the CBM experiment

Author: Robert Szczygiel, Krzysztof Kasinski, J. Lehnert, Wojciech M. Zabołotny, C.J. Schmidt, and Walter F. J. Müller
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Optical link, Detector, Chip, 01 natural sciences, Transition radiation detector, Data acquisition, Application-specific integrated circuit, 0103 physical sciences, Synchronization (computer science), business, Instrumentation, Data hub, Computer hardware
Abstract: The Silicon Tracking System, Muon Chamber, Transition Radiation Detector and Time-Of-Flight among others are the detector systems of the Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment at the FAIR facility. These detector systems will be built with tens of thousands of front-end ASICs exposed to high radiation doses and difficult environmental and interference conditions. A CERN's GBTx-based solution was chosen for combining data from multiple front-end ASICs into an optical link before further concentration and preprocessing in the common Data Processing Board data hub. This paper presents the protocol design addressing the DAQ system requirements, simplifying the ASIC's back-end design and presents its adaptation for the STS and MUCH detector's conditions. A specific link synchronization technique, hit data bandwidth optimization and time synchronization method for the self-triggered front-end chip are presented.
Published: 2016
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8. Throttling strategies and optimization of the trigger-less streaming DAQ system in the CBM experiment

Author: Xin Gao, Walter F. J. Müller, David Emschermann, and J. Lehnert
Subjects: Physics, 03 medical and health sciences, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, 0302 clinical medicine, Data acquisition, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, 0103 physical sciences, Bandwidth throttling, 01 natural sciences, Instrumentation, Simulation, Compressed baryonic matter, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging
Abstract: The Compressed Baryonic Matter experiment (CBM) operating at high heavy-ion interaction rates of up to 10 MHz excludes conventional, latency-limited trigger architectures. Instead, CBM opted for a trigger-less streaming readout. To be able to operate the experiment at highest interaction rates, despite beam intensity fluctuations introduced by the slow extraction of the SIS 100 synchrotron, a time-based throttling mechanism is investigated. To achieve a high number of complete readout events, different throttling strategies are compared and the throttling algorithms and parameters are optimized.
Published: 2020
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9. Model-independent tracking of criticality signals in nuclear multifragmentation data

Author: C. Sfienti, R. Bougault, P. Lautesse, A. Saija, H. Orth, J. Marie, C. Schwarz, J.D. Frankland, E. Vient, D. Guinet, M. Pichon, M.F. Rivet, J.L. Charvet, C. Volant, R. Dayras, A. Trzcinski, M. Pârlog, A. Chbihi, M.L. Begemann-Blaich, A. Le Fèvre, D. Durand, Alexis Mignon, R. Legrain, W. Trautmann, Elio Rosato, L. Nalpas, Mariano Vigilante, B. Borderie, J. Lukasik, W. F. J. Müller, E. Galichet, J.P. Wieleczko, R. Roy, K. Turzo, B. Tamain, N. Le Neindre, L. Manduci, A. Van Lauwe, C. Escano-Rodriguez, U. Lynen, R. Bittiger, D. Cussol, O. Lopez, B. Zwieglinski, Grand Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds (GANIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), ALADIN, INDRA, J. D., Frankland, A., Chbihi, A., Mignon, M. L., Begemann Blaich, R., Bittinger, B., Borderie, R., Bougault, J. L., Charvet, D., Cussol, R., Dayra, D., Durand, C., Escano Rodriguez, E., Galichet, D., Guinet, P., Lautesse, A., Le Fèvre, R., Legrain, N., Le Neindre, O., Lopez, J., Lukasik, U., Lynen, L., Manduci, J., Marie, W. F. J., Müller, L., Nalpa, H., Orth, M., Pârlog, M., Pichon, M. F., Rivet, R., Roy, Rosato, Elio, A., Saija, C., Schwarz, C., Sfienti, B., Tamain, W., Trautmann, A., Trczinski, K., Turzó, A., van Lauwe, E., Vient, Vigilante, Mariano, C., Volant, J. P., Wieleczko, B., Zwieglinski, Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung mbH (MBH), Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung mbH, Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire de physique corpusculaire de Caen (LPCC), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Département de Physique Nucléaire (ex SPhN) (DPHN), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Institute of Nuclear Physics (IFJ-PAN), Institute of Nuclear Physics, National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering (NIPNE), National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Sezione (INFN), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)-Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire (IPN), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies (SINS), Soltan Institute, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)-University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II
Subjects: Nuclear reaction, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Phase transition, 25.70.Pq, FOS: Physical sciences, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 01 natural sciences, order parameter, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, Statistical physics, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Scaling, Physics, Range (particle radiation), Multifragmentation, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Fermi energy, Function (mathematics), critical phenomena, Symmetric systems, Criticality, phase transition, Impact parameter, Event (particle physics), Dimensionless quantity
Abstract: We look for signals of criticality in multifragment production in heavy-ion collisions using model-independent universal fluctuations theory. The phenomenon is studied as a function of system size, bombarding energy, and impact parameter in a wide range of INDRA data. For very central collisions (b/b_max
Published: 2005
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10. Statistical multifragmentation of non-spherical expanding sources in central heavy-ion collisions

Author: W. Trautmann, Mariano Vigilante, O. Lopez, A. Chbihi, P. Lautesse, Elio Rosato, Aladin Collaborations Indra, B. Zwieglinski, F. Lavaud, J.D. Frankland, R. Dayras, A. Trzcinski, E. Galichet, W. F. J. Müller, B. Hurst, C. Volant, C. Sfienti, A. Saija, L. Nalpas, R. Bittiger, N. Bellaize, C. Schwarz, D. Guinet, Sylvie Hudan, J. Łukasik, J.L. Charvet, A. S. Botvina, V. D. Toneev, M.L. Begemann-Blaich, A. Le Fèvre, Bernard Borderie, E. Plagnol, R. Legrain, U. Lynen, D. Gourio, F. Bocage, D. Durand, G. Auger, R. Bougault, K. Turzo, B. Tamain, H. Orth, Bertrand Bouriquet, M. Ploszajczak, E. Vient, Grand Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds (GANIL), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de physique corpusculaire de Caen (LPCC), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ALADIN, INDRA, A., Le Fèvre, M., Ploszajczak, V. D., Toneev, G., Auger, M. L., Begemann Blaich, N., Bellaize, R., Bittiger, F., Bocage, B., Borderie, R., Bougault, B., Bouriquet, J. L., Charvet, A., Chbihi, R., Dayra, D., Durand, J. D., Frankland, E., Galichet, D., Gourio, D., Guinet, S., Hudan, B., Hurst, P., Lautesse, F., Lavaud, R., Legrain, O., Lopez, J., Lukasik, U., Lynen, W. F. J., Müller, L., Nalpa, H., Orth, E., Plagnol, Rosato, Elio, A., Saija, C., Schwarz, C., Sfienti, J. C., Steckmeyer, B., Tamain, W., Trautmann, A., Trzcinski, K., Turzo, E., Vient, Vigilante, Mariano, C., Volant, B. Zwieglinski e. A. S., Botvina, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)
Subjects: 25.70.Pq, 24.60.-k, 25.75.Ld, Physics, Nuclear reaction, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Prolate spheroid, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Kinetic energy, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, Relaxation (physics), Beam direction, Heavy ion, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Atomic physics, Deformation (engineering), Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Anisotropy
Abstract: We study the anisotropy effects measured with INDRA at GSI in central collisions of Xe+Sn at 50 A.MeV and Au+Au at 60, 80, 100 A.MeV incident energy. The microcanonical multifragmentation model with non-spherical sources is used to simulate an incomplete shape relaxation of the multifragmenting system. This model is employed to interpret observed anisotropic distributions in the fragment size and mean kinetic energy. The data can be well reproduced if an expanding prolate source aligned along the beam direction is assumed. An either non-Hubblean or non-isotropic radial expansion is required to describe the fragment kinetic energies and their anisotropy. The qualitative similarity of the results for the studied reactions suggests that the concept of a longitudinally elongated freeze-out configuration is generally applicable for central collisions of heavy systems. The deformation decreases slightly with increasing beam energy., Comment: 35 pages, 19 figures, submitted to Nuclear Physics A
Published: 2004
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11. Challenges in QCD matter physics --The scientific programme of the Compressed Baryonic Matter experiment at FAIR

Author: V. Jakovlev, R. Talukdar, Alberica Toia, V.M. Golovatyuk, P. Ivanov, Abhijit Bhattacharyya, M. Kohn, Yu. Onishchuk, M. Tanha, Suman Sau, E. Friske, L. Kumar, A. Roy, Valerica Baban, Yaping Wang, V. Blinov, D. Svirida, Pradip Kumar Sahu, D. Dementiev, A. Gomez Ramirez, M. Petris, Ming Shao, D. Blau, Yu. P. Tsyupa, A. Rost, D. P. Mahapatra, Y. F. Ryabov, D. Wielanek, Anju Bhasin, C. Lara, Saikat Biswas, Shusu Shi, E. P. Akishina, F. Seck, V. Jain, Hongfang Chen, O. Malyatina, B. Komkov, I. Carevic, V. Baublis, Raghunath Sahoo, D. Normanov, Tetyana Galatyuk, S. Amar-Youcef, Cristian Andrei, Yu. I. Bocharov, A. Vorobiev, M. Strikhanov, Y. Leifels, O. Petukhov, A. Petrovici, Dezso Varga, Oana Ristea, W. Verhoeven, J. Sánchez Rosado, Victor Golovtsov, S. Belogurov, E. Kryshen, M. Dey, Johannes Lehrbach, Y. P. Viyogi, A. V. Kazantsev, A. Himmi, M. Anđelić, Oleg Bezshyyko, Cheng Li, A. Raportirenko, Xu Cai, C. Kreidl, Daniela Bartos, T. Balog, Volker Lindenstruth, A. Chaus, M. Mohisin Khan, Mate Csanad, J. Pluta, A. Senger, Matthias Balzer, Christoph Blume, H. Appelshäuser, Di Jiang, B. Kämpfer, A. Lymanets, I. Berceanu, S. Gorbunov, S. Sarangi, V. Pospíšil, N. Heine, A. Veshikov, Yuanjing Li, V. Kushpil, Ch. Klein-Bösing, I. Selyuzhenkov, S. Razin, Guofeng Song, D. Belyakov, G. Berezin, V. Kyva, Andrei Ionut Herghelegiu, Heiko Engel, K. Schmidt, V. Klochkov, Alla Maevskaya, P.-A. Loizeau, L. Golinka-Bezshyyko, V.A. Karnaukhov, J. Bendarouach, C. Xiang, A.D. Sheremetiev, V. F. Chepurnov, Hr Schmidt, Zbigniew Sosin, M. Singla, I. Momot, O. Andreeva, I. Alexandrov, R. N. Singaraju, S. Avdeev, Evgeny Alexandrov, R. Płaneta, Gennady Ososkov, D. Hutter, A. Reinefeld, C.J. Schmidt, Andrei Dorokhov, Vikram Patel, K.-H. Becker, N. Kurepin, E. Lebedeva, C. P. Singh, Y. K. Sun, K. Jaaskelainen, Andras Szabo, J. Rożynek, Sanjeev Singh Sambyal, V. S. Negi, Krzysztof Piasecki, W. F. J. Müller, M. Baznat, N. Miftakhov, Feng Liu, N. Ahmad, L. Skoda, G. D. Kekelidze, Vladimir Ivanov, Krzysztof Kasinski, Xi-Wei Wang, D. Miskowiec, Serguei Volkov, Sudhir Raniwala, I. Tsakov, A. Nedosekin, Peter Senger, T. Barczyk, S. Dubnichka, C. Ristea, N.G. Tuturas, E. V. Atkin, D. Karmanov, W. Zabolotny, Tatiana Karavicheva, Subhasis Samanta, Yu.V. Zanevsky, S. Bähr, O. Batenkov, M. Petrovici, B. Milanovic, Muhammad Farooq, R. Karabowicz, I. Vassiliev, P. Staszel, Sheng Dong, Udo Wolfgang Kebschull, P. Koczon, Goutam Gangopadhyay, P. Zumbruch, Vladimir Plujko, Y. Berdnikov, Shue He, Volodymyr Vovchenko, V. Mialkovski, W. Zipper, T. Bus, O. Tarassenkova, S. K. Sahu, V. Militsija, Yu. Zaitsev, C. Müntz, S. K. Ghosh, Sushanta Tripathy, E. Rostchin, V. Shumikhin, I. Fröhlich, I. Panasenko, A. Laso Garcia, L. Dutka, Yu.S. Anisimov, B. Linnik, T. Tischler, A. Ivashkin, R. Kotte, Calin Besliu, T. Akishina, Rashmi Raniwala, Sheng Zheng, K. Koch, J. Kunkel, A. Shabunov, E. Lobanova, Wojciech Kucewicz, T. Breitner, M. Al-Turany, R. P. Adak, Claudiu Cornel Schiaua, S. Masciocchi, Zhongbao Yin, Xinjie Huang, Jens Wiechula, Nu Xu, I. Kisel, Christian Sturm, T. Mahmoud, V. Kalinin, A. Abuhoza, Mohd Danish Azmi, P. Zrelov, Jing Zhou, M. Dželalija, C. Deveaux, M. Goffe, Ke-Jun Wu, S. Strohauer, S. Bashir, D. Argintaru, B. Heß, A. Turowiecki, M. B. Golubeva, F. Ahmad, S. Gläßel, V. Plotnikov, Manuel Penschuck, Supriya Das, Grzegorz Kasprowicz, Vladislav Manko, O. Vasylyev, D. Kresan, L. Kudin, Yu. V. Gusakov, Dongdong Hu, Vladimir Nikulin, M. Ivanov, D. Gottschalk, Karl-Heinz Kampert, A. Kolosova, G. Caragheorgheopol, K. Dey, K. Mikhailov, Anand Kumar Dubey, J. Scholten, S. P. D. Figuli, T. Blank, Ajit Kumar, Vladimir Peshekhonov, Igor Pshenichnov, E. Badura, Michael Deveaux, I. Rostovtseva, M. Kiš, Jürgen Becker, Evgeny Karpechev, B. W. Kolb, Valery Pugatch, Xiaofeng Luo, I. Som, E. Ovcharenko, F.F. Guber, H. Büsching, H. Cherif, N. R. Panda, Zubayer Ahammed, R. Najman, Fouad Rami, M. Gumiński, J. Pieper, Jerzy Gajda, G. Kozlov, H. Jahan, A. Drozd, V. Butuzov, Joachim Stroth, I. K. Yoo, Thomas Janson, M. Petri, R. Holzmann, D. Finogeev, S. Golovnya, Ping Cao, E. Malankin, Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, L. Meder, Junfeng Yang, Lei Zhao, C. Simon, S. Kuznetsov, I. Valin, M. Zyzak, H. Hartmann, T. Satława, Yi Wang, Anton Andronic, Daicui Zhou, Zebo Tang, M. Prokudin, V. Saveliev, Qiyan Li, I. M. Deppner, Mahitosh Mandal, F. Uhlig, J. A. Lucio Martínez, J. Book, L. Mik, S. Schatral, S. K. Pal, A. Petrovskiy, J. Pietraszko, B. Debnath, E. Usenko, O. Svoboda, Gy. Wolf, V.V. Elsha, J. Lehnert, Pengfei Lyu, S. Seddiki, Peter Fischer, Huanhuan Fan, D. Doering, J. Frühauf, C. Wendisch, Yu Zhang, V. Kozlov, P. Tlustý, Piotr Otfinowski, N. Baranova, Sergey Kiselev, J. Rautenberg, Dmitry Mal'kevich, I. Kadenko, I. Lobanov, Mikhail Zhalov, A. Rodriguez Rodriguez, D. Emschermann, Vikas Singhal, Pavel Akishin, M. Bach, P. Kravtsov, X. Zhu, C. Nandi, I. Korolko, Rongxing Yang, E. Nandy, D. Ivanischev, Anil Prakash, A. Semennikov, I. E. Yushmanov, S. Parzhitskiy, M. Vznuzdaev, A. Khvorostukhin, A. Kiryakov, Soma Mukherjee, LuYao Chen, M. Pugach, Piotr Kmon, J. Gebelein, V. Kleipa, C. Bergmann, Kai Schweda, S. Rabtsun, Victor Ivanov, Tivadar Kiss, M. Dreschmann, I. G. Alekseev, A. K. Kurilkin, A. Volochniuk, E. Krebs, A. Lebedev, V. Kramarenko, N. Topil'skaya, S. Das, S. Lebedev, S. Querchfeld, Madan M. Aggarwal, N.I. Zamiatin, Amrendra K. Singh, Swagata Mandal, A. Khanzadeev, C. Simons, Gilles Claus, U. Frankenfeld, V.V. Ivanov, A. Chernogorov, Pascal Dillenseger, V. Dobyrn, Z. Dubnichkova, S. Löchner, Bhartendu K. Singh, S. Ahmad, Rishat Sultanov, J. Kallunkathariyil, A. Wieloch, T. Matulewicz, R. Berendes, A. Shabanov, Saniya Khan, V. Friese, Anik Gupta, L. Kochenda, M. Kirejczyk, Pavel Kisel, Amlan Chakrabarti, Ashwini Kumar, Michal Koziel, A. Berdnikov, A. Sadovsky, T. O. Ablyazimov, S. Mahajan, M. Merkin, Robert Szczygiel, C. Pauly, Krzysztof Poźniak, F. Roether, Alexey Kurepin, Alexander Voronin, A. Bubak, Nikolai Shumeiko, Nicolas Winckler, A. V. Kryanev, Andrey Reshetin, A. Simakov, Sukalyan Chattopadhyay, E. M. Ilgenfritz, B. Sikora, Jihye Song, J. Hehner, Zhi Deng, M. Irfan, J. Saini, S. A. Lone, L. Naumann, D. Eschweiler, A. M. Marin Garcia, P. Kähler, O. Derenovskaya, A.P. Ierusalimov, Alexandru Jipa, K. Agarwal, T. Tolyhi, H. Malygina, Xingming Fan, Amalia Pop, Dmitry Golubkov, E. M. Verbitskaya, L. Radulescu, Ryszard S. Romaniuk, D. Pfeifer, Yifei Zhang, Rajarshi Ray, V. Zryuev, M. Teklishyn, M. Träger, S. Morozov, H. Flemming, A. Oancea, A. Wilms, P. Ghosh, A. Grzeszczuk, V. Mikhaylov, Patrick Simon Reichelt, Ankhi Roy, Sanguk Won, Vladimir Samsonov, T. Esanu, V. Akishina, D.V. Peshekhonov, A.I. Zinchenko, M. Żoładź, Xin Li, I. Sibiryak, J. Wüstenfeld, Aleksey Voronin, M. Korolev, Guangming Huang, A. Kugler, E. Kaptur, J. Michel, J. Tarasiuk, Manjit Kaur, A. Bychkov, F. Lemke, Bekhzod S Yuldashev, T. K. Bhattacharyya, S. Gorokhov, F. Schintke, P. Klaus, Adrian Byszuk, Ionel Lazanu, Dong Wang, Michael Dürr, M. Krieger, H. Deppe, Sibaji Raha, O. Sander, S. Kowalski, K. Wiśniewski, Alexander Malakhov, I. Filozova, Shengqin Feng, M. Calin, S. Reinecke, V. Kucher, M. Weber, A. Kovalchuk, V. Petráček, M. Adamczyk, K.K. Gudima, Johannes Peter Wessels, P. Sitzmann, J. Markert, V. K. Eremin, Alexandru Bercuci, Marc Winter, Mateusz Baszczyk, M.I. Ciobanu, E. Bao, M. Kuc, U. Brüning, O. V. Fateev, Piotr Maj, J. de Cuveland, M. G. Târzilă, Pavel Larionov, R. Averbeck, Jianping Cheng, Jacek Rauza, C. E. Muñoz Castillo, N. D'Ascenzo, O. Bertini, Wendi Deng, G. Kretschmar, I. Skwira-Chalot, W. Niebur, K. Oh, V. P. Ladygin, T. Morhardt, C. Höhne, M. G. Wiebusch, Partha Pratim Bhaduri, Dong Han, Oleg Karavichev, N. Herrmann, R. Visinka, F. Constantin, C. García Chávez, J. Brzychczyk, Sidharth Kumar Prasad, D. Soyk, V. V. Kirakosyan, W. Koenig, D. Bertini, Z. Majka, F. Khasanov, J. Eschke, P. Gryboś, E. Lavrik, V. Cătănescu, K. Siwek-Wilczyńska, P. K. Kurilkin, J.M. Heuser, Adeel Akram, Yu. Murin, Alexander Akindinov, A. K. Bhati, I. Kres, J. Förtsch, Rafal Kleczek, Jiajun Zheng, S. Manz, T. K. Nayak, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CBM, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: J/psi(3100), Phase transition, matter: interaction, Hadron, Nuclear Theory, hypernucleus, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Critical point (thermodynamics), transport theory, hadron: gas, Nuclear Experiment, neutron star, QCD matter, Brookhaven RHIC Coll, quark gluon: plasma, Physics, Large Hadron Collider, fireball, elliptic flow, strong interaction, Observable, heavy ion, CERN LHC Coll, QCD matter, Quark-Gluon-Plasma (QGP), QCD phase diagram, strong interaction, hadronic matter, partonic matte, heavy-ion, 2-4.9 GeV/nucleon, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, CBM, charmonium, [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], Strong interaction, review, nonperturbative, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], symmetry: chiral, quantum chromodynamics: critical phenomena, strangeness, 0103 physical sciences, density: high, Darmstadt GSI FAIR, structure, 010306 general physics, equation of state, quantum chromodynamics: matter, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, nucleus, temperature: high, baryon, Neutron star, Automatic Keywords, HADES, charm
Abstract: International audience; Substantial experimental and theoretical efforts worldwide are devoted to explore the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter. At LHC and top RHIC energies, QCD matter is studied at very high temperatures and nearly vanishing net-baryon densities. There is evidence that a Quark-Gluon-Plasma (QGP) was created at experiments at RHIC and LHC. The transition from the QGP back to the hadron gas is found to be a smooth cross over. For larger net-baryon densities and lower temperatures, it is expected that the QCD phase diagram exhibits a rich structure, such as a first-order phase transition between hadronic and partonic matter which terminates in a critical point, or exotic phases like quarkyonic matter. The discovery of these landmarks would be a breakthrough in our understanding of the strong interaction and is therefore in the focus of various high-energy heavy-ion research programs. The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment at FAIR will play a unique role in the exploration of the QCD phase diagram in the region of high net-baryon densities, because it is designed to run at unprecedented interaction rates. High-rate operation is the key prerequisite for high-precision measurements of multi-differential observables and of rare diagnostic probes which are sensitive to the dense phase of the nuclear fireball. The goal of the CBM experiment at SIS100 ( $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$ 2.7--4.9 GeV) is to discover fundamental properties of QCD matter: the phase structure at large baryon-chemical potentials ( $\mu_B > 500$ MeV), effects of chiral symmetry, and the equation of state at high density as it is expected to occur in the core of neutron stars. In this article, we review the motivation for and the physics programme of CBM, including activities before the start of data taking in 2024, in the context of the worldwide efforts to explore high-density QCD matter.
Published: 2017
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12. Integration of GBTx emulator with MUCH-XYTER and data processing board for CBM experiment

Author: Subhasis Chattopadhyay, Suman Sau, Jogender Saini, Wojciech M. Zabołotny, Amlan Chakrabarti, Swagata Mandal, and W. F. J. Müller
Subjects: Ethernet, Engineering, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, 01 natural sciences, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Front and back ends, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Data acquisition, Application-specific integrated circuit, Gigabit, Embedded system, 0103 physical sciences, Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research, Transceiver, business, Field-programmable gate array
Abstract: The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment is a part of the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) at Darmstadt, Germany. The challenge in CBM experiment is to measure the particles generated in nuclear collisions with unprecedented precision and statistics. To capture the data from each collision a highly time synchronized fault tolerant self-triggered electronics is required for Data Acquisition (DAQ) system that can support high data rate (up to several TB/s). Basic readout chain for CBM consists of a front-end Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) also known as X-Y Time Energy Read-out (XYTER) ASIC, a radiation hardened high speed optical transceiver board with Gigabit Transceiver (GBTx) ASIC followed by a Data Processing Board (DPB) and First Level Event Selector Interface Board (FLIB). As the first step towards the development of the readout chain, FPGA prototypes of GBTx ASIC and XYTER ASIC also known as GBTx emulator and XYTER emulator are developed. GBTx chips are connected to the XYTER in the front end through Low Voltage Differential Signalling (LVDS) electrical line also known as E-link and in the back-end with DPB using optical fiber. In this work, an FPGA-based readout chain prototype comprising of XYTER emulator, GBTx emulator, and DPB is developed where control and configuration signal of XYTER will be sent from DPB through GBTx emulator. A Python script is written in the computer to generate the control information that will be transferred to DPB through Ethernet using IPBus protocol.
Published: 2016
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13. Gross Properties and Isotopic Phenomena in Spectator Fragmentation

Author: B. Czech, I. Iori, E. Le Gentil, C. Volant, Y. Leifels, Håkan T Johansson, A. S. Botvina, W. F. J. Müller, J. Łukasik, J.-E. Ducret, C. Sfienti, E. Rapisarda, J.D. Frankland, Margareta Hellström, H. Sann, W. Trautmann, K. Kezzar, U. Lynen, C.O. Bacri, R. Bassini, H. Weick, Cornelius Schwarz, J. Lühning, W. G. Lynch, H. Orth, Z. Majka, H. Simon, D. Henzlova, M. S. Wallace, P. Adrich, K. Sümmerer, M. Mocko, J. Brzychczyk, A. Chbihi, S. Bianchin, A. Le Fèvre, H. Emling, Thomas Aumann, G. Imme, T. Barczyk, A. Mykulyak, B. Zwieglinski, Piotr Pawłowski, A. Boudard, C. Boiano, J. Wiechula, J. Cibor, A.N. Otte, M. De Napoli, R. Palit, G. Raciti, A. Lafriakh, Alberto Pullia, A. Wieloch, Helmholtz zentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH (GSI), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania (INFN), Università degli studi di Catania [Catania], Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano (INFN), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Département d'Astrophysique, de physique des Particules, de physique Nucléaire et de l'Instrumentation Associée (DAPNIA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Grand Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds (GANIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Bertulani C.A., Gomes P.R.S., HusseinM.S., Szanto de ToledoA., ALADIN, Università degli studi di Catania = University of Catania (Unict), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Spectrometer, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Projectile, media_common.quotation_subject, Nuclear Theory, FOS: Physical sciences, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 01 natural sciences, Asymmetry, Nuclear physics, Fragmentation (mass spectrometry), Criticality, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common
Abstract: A systematic study of isotopic effects in the break-up of projectile spectators at relativistic energies has been performed with the ALADiN spectrometer at the GSI laboratory. Searching for signals of criticality in the fragment production we have applied the model independent universal fluctuations theory already proposed to track criticality signals in multifragmentation to our data. The fluctuation of the largest fragment charge and of the asymmetry of the two and three largest fragments and their bimodal distribution have also been analysed., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, IX International Conference on Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, August 28 - September 1, 2006
Published: 2007
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14. The GBT-based readout concept for the silicon tracking system of the CBM experiment

Author: J. Lehnert, C.J. Schmidt, and Walter F. J. Müller
Subjects: Engineering, Large Hadron Collider, Silicon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Interface (computing), Emphasis (telecommunications), Electrical engineering, chemistry.chemical_element, Tracking system, chemistry, Gigabit, Electronics, Transceiver, business
Abstract: This paper presents the readout concept for the Silicon Tracking System (STS) of the CBM experiment at FAIR, which is designed to handle interaction rates up to 10 MHz with hundreds of tracks in fixed target heavy ion collisions of up to 35 AGeV. For data readout from the frontend electronics located close to the silicon strip sensors, the radiation tolerant Gigabit Transceiver ASICs (GBTx) and Versatile Link optical modules developed at CERN are used. The usage of these devices in the STS readout and the readout concept from the frontend electronics to the GBT based STS readout board (ROB) are detailed. Special emphasis is put on the implementation of the interface between the frontend boards (FEBs) and the ROB layer.
Published: 2015
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15. The CBM Experiment @ FAIR–New challenges for Front-End Electronics, Data Acquisition and Trigger Systems

Author: Walter F. J. Müller
Subjects: History, Data acquisition, business.industry, Computer science, Electrical engineering, business, Front end electronics, Computer Science Applications, Education
Published: 2006
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16. Exclusive measurements on at 1AGev with the SPALADIN setup at GSI

Author: S. Pietri, A. Lafriakh, A. Le Fèvre, Thomas Aumann, S. Leray, M. Fernandez-Ordoñez, F. Rejmund, Michel Combet, W. F. J. Müller, W. Trautmann, C. Schwarz, Enrique Casarejos, E. Le Gentil, C.O. Bacri, Herbert A. Simon, J. Lukasik, J.E. Ducret, C. Sfienti, A. Boudard, O. Yordanov, K. Kezzar, R. Krücken, J. Benlliure, A. Kelic, C. Volant, Håkan T Johansson, T. Kurtukian-Nieto, M. Böhmer, and Roman Gernhäuser
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photon, Time projection chamber, Ion beam, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, chemistry.chemical_element, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Nuclear physics, chemistry, Hodoscope, Dipole magnet, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Neutron detection, Spallation, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, Helium
Abstract: A new type of spallation experiments has been carried out at GSI, Darmstadt (Germany) in order to understand the spallation mechanism in greater details. These experiments use the inverse-kinematics technique where the ion beam is directed onto a liquid Hydrogen target, allowing the detection of heavy spallation residues in coincidence with low center-of-mass energy light particles. The setup is based on A Large Acceptance DIpole magNet (ALADIN) coupled with a multitrack Time Projection Chamber (TPC), a hodoscope and a neutron detector. First, data on 56 Fe + p at 1 A GeV were taken in February 2004. In the on-going analysis, isotopic cross-sections have been determined and compared to data taken at the FRagment Separator in GSI. Mean values and width of residue velocity distributions have also been obtained as well as Helium production cross-section. First, coincidence data are being analyzed.
Published: 2006
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17. A high-performance silicon tracker for the Compressed Baryonic Matter experiment at FAIR

Author: Joachim Stroth, C. Müntz, Johann M. Heuser, Peter Senger, and Walter F. J. Müller
Subjects: Physics, Silicon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Detector, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Particle identification, Charged particle, Baryon, Nuclear physics, chemistry, Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research, Radiation hardening, Magnetic dipole
Abstract: The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment is a fixed-target heavy-ion experiment planned at GSI's future international Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR). CBM will study strongly interacting matter at high baryon densities where the QCD phase diagram is poorly known. The experiment applies a detector concept new to heavy-ion physics: All charged particles as well as secondary vertices from heavy-flavor decays are exclusively reconstructed in a high-performance silicon tracking system. It will be installed in a magnetic dipole field between the target and further detection systems for particle identification and calorimetry. High track densities and high collision rates require the application of most advanced silicon detectors. The technological challenges include high position resolution in thinnest possible pixel and microstrip sensors, combined with extreme radiation hardness, fast self-triggered readout and ultra low-mass mechanical supports. The article outlines the physics and detector concept of CBM and discusses the performance requirements of the silicon tracker and the beginning R&D.
Published: 2005
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18. Readout of plastic scintillators with cooled large-area avalanche photodiodes

Author: Marek Moszynski, D. Wolski, A. Trzcinski, A. Mykulyak, H. Orth, Marek Szawlowski, B. Zwieglinski, M. Kapusta, U. Lynen, W. F. J. Müller, C. Schwarz, and W. Trautmann
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Projectile, business.industry, Dynamic range, Time resolution, Scintillator, Avalanche photodiode, Full width at half maximum, Optics, Amplitude, Time response, business, Instrumentation
Abstract: Time-of-flight measurements in multifragmentation of heavy, relativistic projectiles require very good time resolution and at the same time the detecting system must cope with a dynamic range of up to 8000:1. We look into the possibility of application of large-area avalanche photodiodes (LAAPDs) as alternative light sensors to meet the above requirements. The paper presents the results of our amplitude and time response studies of a plastic scintillator BC-408 readout with a φ16 mm LAAPD using radioactive sources. The measurements were performed using two different setups. The best time resolution has been obtained by exploiting LAAPD cooling to increase its gain beyond that accessible at room temperature. We reach 610 ps (FWHM) at −26°C for the corresponding LAAPD gain of ≈900 and the 90 Sr / 90 Y β -ray source. We hope to reach below the desired 400 ps with the latter setup at the higher light levels available with multifragmentation products.
Published: 2004
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19. Energy calibration for the INDRA multidetector using recoil protons from scattering

Author: Ph. Buchet, P. Lautesse, D. Guinet, J.L. Laville, J.L. Charvet, D. Doré, A. Chbihi, R. Bougault, W. F. J. Müller, C. Volant, J.D. Frankland, M.L. Begemann-Blaich, A. Le Fèvre, C. Sfienti, L. Nalpas, U. Lynen, B. Zwieglinski, E. Plagnol, A. Saija, F. Lavaud, C. Leduc, H. Orth, W. Trautmann, Ch.O. Bacri, Mariano Vigilante, J. Łukasik, R. Bittiger, Sylvie Hudan, Bernard Borderie, Bertrand Bouriquet, R. Dayras, F. Bocage, J.C. Steckmeyer, D. Gourio, O. Lopez, G. Tǎbǎcaru, C. Schwarz, Elio Rosato, D. Durand, G. Auger, K. Turzo, E. Galichet, E. Vient, B. Tamain, Aladin Collaborations, A. Trzcinski, R. Legrain, B. Hurst, and N. Bellaize
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Proton, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Scattering, Calibration curve, Nuclear Theory, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Spectral line, Nuclear physics, Recoil, Coincident, 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Nucleon, Instrumentation
Abstract: An efficient method of energy scale calibration for the CsI(Tl) modules of the INDRA multidetector (rings 6–12) using elastic and inelastic 12C+1H scattering at E(12C)=30MeV per nucleon is presented. Background-free spectra for the binary channels are generated by requiring the coincident detection of the light and heavy ejectiles. The gain parameter of the calibration curve is obtained by fitting the proton total charge spectra to the spectra predicted with Monte-Carlo simulations using tabulated cross section data. The method has been applied in multifragmentation experiments with INDRA at GSI.
Published: 2003
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20. Investigation of potential traces of pluripotency in germinal-center-derived B-cell lymphomas driven by MYC

Author: I Lenz, Reiner Siebert, Andreas Schuppert, F-J Müller, R Wagener, Bernhard M. Schuldt, Michael Lenz, RS: FSE MaCSBio, Sciences, and RS: FPN MaCSBio
Subjects: Homeobox protein NANOG, Pluripotent Stem Cells, Lymphoma, B-Cell, Population, Genes, myc, Biology, SOX2, medicine, Humans, ddc:610, education, Induced pluripotent stem cell, Letter to the Editor, B cell, education.field_of_study, Germinal center, Computational Biology, Hematology, Germinal Center, medicine.anatomical_structure, Oncology, KLF4, Cancer research, Transcriptome, Reprogramming, Algorithms
Abstract: Blood cancer journal 5(5), e317 (2015). doi:10.1038/bcj.2015.40, Published by Nature Publishing Group, London [u.a.]
Published: 2015
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21. Isotopic effects and collective flow at intermediate energies

Author: J. Lukasik, W. Trauttmann, G. Auger, M. L. Begemann Blaich, N. Bellaize, R. Bittiger, F. Bocage, B. Borderie, R. Bougault, B. Bouriquet, J. L. Charvet, A. Chbihi, R. Dayras, D. Durand, J. D. Frankland, E. Galichet, D. Gourio, D. Guinet, S. Hudan, P. Lautesse, F. Lavaud, A. Le Fèvre, R. Legrain, O. Lopez, U. Lynen, W. F. J. Müller, L. Nalpas, H. Orth, M. Parlog, E. Plagnol, M. F. Rivet, A. Saija, C. Schwarz, C. Sfienti, J. C. Steckmeyer, B. Tamain, A. Trzcinski, K. Turzó, E. Vient, C. Volant, B. Zwieglinski, ROSATO, ELIO, VIGILANTE, MARIANO, B.Borderie, J.D.Frankland, A.Pagano, S.Pirrone, F.Rizzo, J., Lukasik, W., Trauttmann, G., Auger, M. L., Begemann Blaich, N., Bellaize, R., Bittiger, F., Bocage, B., Borderie, R., Bougault, B., Bouriquet, J. L., Charvet, A., Chbihi, R., Dayra, D., Durand, J. D., Frankland, E., Galichet, D., Gourio, D., Guinet, S., Hudan, P., Lautesse, F., Lavaud, A., Le Fèvre, R., Legrain, O., Lopez, U., Lynen, W. F. J., Müller, L., Nalpa, H., Orth, M., Parlog, E., Plagnol, M. F., Rivet, Rosato, Elio, A., Saija, C., Schwarz, C., Sfienti, J. C., Steckmeyer, B., Tamain, A., Trzcinski, K., Turzó, E., Vient, Vigilante, Mariano, C., Volant, and B., Zwieglinski
Published: 2008

22. Isotopic effects in multifragmentation and the nuclear equation of state

Author: W. Trautmann, G. Auger, M. L. Begemann Blaich, N. Bellaize, R. Bittiger, F. Bocage, B. Borderie, R. Bougault, B. Bouriquet, J. L. Charvet, A. Chbihi, R. Dayras, D. Durand, J. D. Frankland, E. Galichet, D. Gourio, D. Guinet, S. Hudan, P. Lautesse, F. Lavaud, A. Le Fèvre, R. Legrain, O. Lopez, J. Łukasik, U. Lynen, W. F. J. Müller, L. Nalpas, H. Orth, E. Plagnol, A. Saija, C. Schwarz, C. Sfienti, B. Tamain, A. Trzciński, K. Turzó, E. Vient, C. Volant, B. Zwiegliński, ROSATO, ELIO, VIGILANTE, MARIANO, W., Trautmann, G., Auger, M. L., Begemann Blaich, N., Bellaize, R., Bittiger, F., Bocage, B., Borderie, R., Bougault, B., Bouriquet, J. L., Charvet, A., Chbihi, R., Dayra, D., Durand, J. D., Frankland, E., Galichet, D., Gourio, D., Guinet, S., Hudan, P., Lautesse, F., Lavaud, A., Le Fèvre, R., Legrain, O., Lopez, J., Łukasik, U., Lynen, W. F. J., Müller, L., Nalpa, H., Orth, E., Plagnol, Rosato, Elio, A., Saija, C., Schwarz, C., Sfienti, B., Tamain, A., Trzciński, K., Turzó, E., Vient, Vigilante, Mariano, C., Volant, and B., Zwiegliński
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Isotope, Spectrometer, Projectile, multifragmentation, Nuclear Theory, FOS: Physical sciences, Observable, Breakup, Nuclear physics, Fragmentation (mass spectrometry), phase transition, isospin effect, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nucleon, Nuclear Experiment, Scaling
Abstract: Isotopic effects in spectator fragmentations following heavy-ion collisions at relativistic energies are investigated using data from recent exclusive experiments with SIS beams at GSI. Reactions of 12C on 112,124Sn at incident energies 300 and 600 MeV per nucleon were studied with the INDRA multidetector while the fragmentation of stable 124Sn and radioactive 107Sn and 124La projectiles was studied with the ALADIN spectrometer. The global characteristics of the reactions are very similar. This includes the rise and fall of fragment production and deduced observables as, e.g., the breakup temperature obtained from double ratios of isotope yields. The mass distributions depend strongly on the neutron-to-proton ratio of the decaying system, as expected for a simultaneous statistical breakup. The ratios of light-isotope yields from neutron-rich and neutron-poor systems follow the law of isoscaling. The deduced scaling parameters decrease strongly with increasing centrality to values smaller than 50% of those obtained for the peripheral event groups. This is not compensated by an equivalent rise of the breakup temperatures which suggests a reduction of the symmetry term required in a liquid-drop description of the fragments at freeze-out., Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, invited talk at IX International Conference on Nucleus Nucleus Collisions, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil August 28 - September 1, 2006
Published: 2006
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23. A systematic study of the nuclear caloric curve

Author: R. Bassini, B. Zwieglinski, B. Ocker, J. Pochodzalla, A. Wörner, W. Trautmann, U. Kleinevoss, C. Gross, Giuseppe Verde, G. Riccobene, M. Mahi, T. Möhlenkamp, A. Schüttauf, G. Raciti, U. Lynen, A. Trzcinski, W. Seidel, S. Fritz, Francesco Romano, M.L. Begemann-Blaich, T. Odeh, Hongfei Xi, M. Schnittker, I. Iori, G. Imme, V. Serfling, A. Sajia, S. J. Gaff, Cornelius Schwarz, Gerd Joachim Kunde, W. D. Kunze, C. Sfienti, N. Giudice, and W. F. J. Müller
Subjects: Physics, Phase transition, education.field_of_study, Isotope, Population, Caloric theory, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, GAS PHASE-TRANSITION, AU+AU COLLISIONS, MULTIFRAGMENTATION, POPULATIONS, EMISSION, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, education, Nuclear matter, Caloric curve
Abstract: Temperature-excitation energy correlation measurements on several systems at different incident energies are discussed in the framework of the investigation on possible liquid-gas phase transition in nuclear matter. Results are compared to the presently available experimental caloric curves. Moreover theisotope and theexcited states temperatures, extracted from double ratios of isotope yields and population ratios of fragment unbound states, respectively, are compared. p ]The differences on the temperatures deduced from the two methods cannot be accounted for by the sequential feeding corrections. Instead, they seem to be related to the space-time evolution of the fragmentation process.
Published: 1998
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24. Present status of the caloric curve of nuclei

Author: A. Wörner, G. Imme, V. Serfling, A. Trzcinski, H. Emling, G. Raciti, T. Odeh, C. Groß, W. D. Kunze, W. F. J. Müller, H. Sann, A. Moroni, T. Möhlenkamp, S. Fritz, B. Zwieglinski, M.L. Begemann-Blaich, U. Lynen, J. Pochodzalla, A. Ferrero, G. J. Kunde, Joachim Stroth, Cornelius Schwarz, Giuseppe Verde, B. Ocker, Th. Rubehn, I. Iori, U. Kleinevoß, Volker Lindenstruth, Th. Blaich, W. Trautmann, A. Schüttauf, S. J. Gaff, M. Schnittker, E. Zude, M. Mahi, W. Seidel, Hongfei Xi, and R. Bassini
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, education.field_of_study, Isotope, Projectile, Nuclear Theory, Population, Spectral line, Caloric curve, Excited state, Incident energy, Neutron, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, education
Abstract: Spectator decay was studied for the system Au + Au at an energy of 1000 A·MeV and the decay of the interaction region at energies between 50 and 200 A·MeV. In both cases temperatures were derived from several double-ratios of neighboring isotopes and from the population of excited states in 5 Li and 4 He. Agreement was found among the different isotope temperatures and also among the two excited state temperatures. The comparison of isotope and excited state temperatures, however, reveals large differences, which cannot be explained by feeding corrections. At incident energies between 600 and 1000 A·MeV the energy spectra of fragments and also neutrons of the decaying projectile spectator were measured. Whereas the slope parameters of the energy spectra and mean energies for fragments with Z ≥ 2 are independent of the incident energy, a strong dependence is found for the lightest particles, so that preequilibrium contributions to the spectator decay should be taken into account.
Published: 1998
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25. Multiplicity correlations of intermediate-mass fragments with pions and fast protons in 12C+197Au

Author: K. Turzó, G. Auger, M. L. Begemann Blaich, N. Bellaize, R. Bittiger, F. Bocage, B. Borderie, R. Bougault, B. Bouri quet, J. L. Charvet, A. Chbihi, R. Dayras, D. Durand, J. D. Frankland, E. Galichet, D. Gourio, D. Guinet, S. Hudan, G. Immé, P. Lautesse, F. Lavaud, A. Le Fèvre, R. Legrain, O. Lopez, J. Lukasik, U. Lynen, W. F. J. Müller, L. Nalpas, H. Orth, E. Plagnol, G. Raciti, A. Saija, C. Schwarz, W. Seidel, C. Sfienti, B. Tamain, W. Trauttmann, A. Trzcinski, E. Vient, C. Volant, B. Zwieglinski e. A. S. Botvina, ROSATO, ELIO, VIGILANTE, MARIANO, K., Turzó, G., Auger, M. L., Begemann Blaich, N., Bellaize, R., Bittiger, F., Bocage, B., Borderie, R., Bougault, B., Bouri quet, J. L., Charvet, A., Chbihi, R., Dayra, D., Durand, J. D., Frankland, E., Galichet, D., Gourio, D., Guinet, S., Hudan, G., Immé, P., Lautesse, F., Lavaud, A., Le Fèvre, R., Legrain, O., Lopez, J., Lukasik, U., Lynen, W. F. J., Müller, L., Nalpa, H., Orth, E., Plagnol, G., Raciti, Rosato, Elio, A., Saija, C., Schwarz, W., Seidel, C., Sfienti, B., Tamain, W., Trauttmann, A., Trzcinski, E., Vient, Vigilante, Mariano, C., Volant, and B. Zwieglinski e. A. S., Botvina
Published: 2004

26. Breakup temperature of target spectators in 197Au + 197Au collisions at E/A = 1000 MeV

Author: Hongfei Xi, T. Odeh, R. Bassini, M. Begemann-Blaich, A. S. Botvina, S. Fritz, S. J. Gaff, C. Groß, G. Immé, I. Iori, U. Kleinevoß, G. J. Kunde, W. D. Kunze, U. Lynen, V. Maddalena, M. Mahi, T. Möhlenkamp, A. Moroni, W. F. J. Müller, C. Nociforo, B. Ocker, F. Petruzzelli, J. Pochodzalla, G. Raciti, G. Riccobene, F. P. Romano, Th. Rubehn, A. Saija, M. Schnittker, A. Schüttauf, C. Schwarz, W. Seidel, V. Serfling, C. Sfienti, W. Trautmann, A. Trzcinski, G. Verde, A. Wörner, and B. Zwieglinski
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Isotope, Nuclear Theory, Inverse, Breakup, Charged particle, Spectral line, Nuclear physics, Impact parameter, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, Nucleon, Excitation
Abstract: Breakup temperatures were deduced from double ratios of isotope yields for target spectators produced in the reaction Au + Au at 1000 MeV per nucleon. Pairs of $^{3,4}$He and $^{6,7}$Li isotopes and pairs of $^{3,4}$He and H isotopes (p, d and d, t) yield consistent temperatures after feeding corrections, based on the quantum statistical model, are applied. The temperatures rise with decreasing impact parameter from 4 MeV for peripheral to about 10 MeV for the most central collisions. The good agreement with the breakup temperatures measured previously for projectile spectators at an incident energy of 600 MeV per nucleon confirms the observed universality of the spectator decay at relativistic bombarding energies. The measured temperatures also agree with the breakup temperatures predicted by the statistical multifragmentation model. For these calculations a relation between the initial excitation energy and mass was derived which gives good simultaneous agreement for the fragment charge correlations. The energy spectra of light charged particles, measured at $\theta_{lab}$ = 150$^{\circ}$, exhibit Maxwellian shapes with inverse slope parameters much higher than the breakup temperatures. The statistical multifragmentation model, because Coulomb repulsion and sequential decay processes are included, yields light-particle spectra with inverse slope parameters higher than the breakup temperatures but considerably below the measured values. The systematic behavior of the differences suggests that they are caused by light-charged-particle emission prior to the final breakup stage. PACS numbers: 25.70.Mn, 25.70.Pq, 25.75.-q
Published: 1997
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27. A multiple sampling time projection ionization chamber for nuclear fragment tracking and charge measurement

Author: H. Sann, F. P. Brady, U. Lynen, C. E. Tull, M. L. Gilkes, J. L. Romero, P. Warren, F. Bieser, J.C. Chance, G. Bauer, V. Lindenstruth, W.F. Christie, and Walter F. J. Müller
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Time projection chamber, Spectrometer, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Projectile, Nuclear Theory, Detector, Tracking (particle physics), Nuclear physics, Ionization, Ionization chamber, Nuclear Experiment, Projection (set theory), Instrumentation
Abstract: A detector has been developed for the tracking and charge measurement of the projectile fragment nuclei produced in relativistic nuclear collisions. This device, MUSIC II, is a second generation Multiple Sampling Ionization Chamber (MUSIC), and employs the principles of ionization and time projection chambers. It provides unique charge determination for charges Z≥6, and excellent track position measurement. MUSIC II has been used most recently with the EOS (Equation of State) TPC and other EOS Collaboration detectors. Earlier it was used with other systems in experiments at the Heavy Ion Superconducting Spectrometer (HISS) facility at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and the ALADIN spectrometer at GSI.
Published: 1997
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28. Total and nuclear fission cross sections ofU238at relativistic energies

Author: J. Pochodzalla, R. Bassini, A. Trzcinski, W. Trautmann, I. Iori, W. F. J. Müller, T. Rubehn, T. Möhlenkamp, Luciano G. Moretto, U. Lynen, A. Schüttauf, Gerd Joachim Kunde, B. Zwieglinski, C. Groß, Giuseppe Verde, A. Wörner, Th. Blaich, G. Raciti, W. D. Kunze, B. Ocker, Volker Lindenstruth, G. Imme, V. Serfling, S. Reito, M.L. Begemann-Blaich, E. Zude, A. Ferrero, W. Seidel, and H. Sann
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Nuclear fission
Published: 1996
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29. Design of versatile ASIC and protocol tester for CBM readout system

Author: B. Juszczyk, Krzysztof Poźniak, Ryszard S. Romaniuk, J. Lehnert, Robert Szczygiel, M. Gumiński, D. Emschermann, Adrian Byszuk, Krzysztof Kasinski, Wojciech M. Zabołotny, Grzegorz Kasprowicz, and W. F. J. Müller
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Computer science, business.industry, Controller (computing), Detector, Integrated circuit, 01 natural sciences, Synchronization, law.invention, Computer Science::Hardware Architecture, Transmission (telecommunications), Application-specific integrated circuit, law, 0103 physical sciences, Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS, Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research, business, Field-programmable gate array, Hardware_REGISTER-TRANSFER-LEVELIMPLEMENTATION, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Computer hardware
Abstract: Silicon Tracking System (STS), Muon Chamber (MUCH) and Transition Radiation Detector (TRD) subdetectors in the Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) detector system at Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) use the same innovative protocol ensuring reliable synchronization of the communication link between the controller and the front-end ASIC, transmission of time-deterministic commands to the ASIC and efficient readout of data. The paper describes the FPGA-based tester platform which can be used both for the verification of the protocol implementation in a front-end ASIC at the design stage, and for testing of the produced ASICs. Due to its modularity, the platform can be easily adapted for different integrated circuits and readout systems.
Published: 2017
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30. GBT based readout in the CBM experiment

Author: Christian Schmidt, Adrian Byszuk, D. Emschermann, W. F. J. Müller, Wojciech M. Zabołotny, J. Lehnert, Krzysztof Kasinski, and Robert Szczygiel
Subjects: Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Computer science, business.industry, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Electrical engineering, Tracking system, 01 natural sciences, Semiconductor detector, Data acquisition, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, business, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Computer hardware
Abstract: The CBM experiment at FAIR will use GBTX and Versatile Link based readout systems for several of its subdetectors. The paper describes the GBT based readout concept in CBM, emphasizing the common features among systems. Particular choices and features of the readout are motivated mainly by the requirements in the readout of the silicon tracking system (STS). Common developments like a common CBM readout board are presented. The prototype board provides full GBT functionality for all systems, can be interfaced to various prototype readout chains and be refined for later detector specific versions.
Published: 2017
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31. Multifragmentation and flow: peripheral vs. central collisions

Author: L. G. Sobotka, S. Aiello, Joachim Stroth, M. A. Lisa, P. Kreutz, M. Neumann, W. C. Hsi, A. Tucholski, V. Pappalardo, C. K. Gelbke, I. Iori, Graham F. Peaslee, Volker Lindenstruth, A. Wörner, A. Ferrero, F. Rosenberger, E. Zude, Th. Blaich, M. Mang, M.L. Begemann-Blaich, Gerd Joachim Kunde, J. Kempter, M. B. Tsang, W. Seidel, U. Lynen, G. Imme, V. Serfling, L.G. Moretto, Th. Rubehn, W. G. Lynch, W. D. Kunze, D. R. Bowman, H. Sann, G. Raciti, J. Pochodzalla, J. Hubele, R. J. Charity, A. Cosmo, B. Zwieglinski, W. F. J. Müller, R. Scardaoni, L. Stuttge, C. Williams, W. Trautmann, C. A. Ogilvie, B. Ocker, A. Schüttauf, and A. Moroni
Subjects: Coalescence (physics), Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Spectrometer, Nuclear Theory, Charge density, Position and momentum space, Peripheral, Nuclear physics, Fragmentation (mass spectrometry), Atomic physics, Multiplicity (chemistry), Nuclear Experiment, Nucleon
Abstract: Multifragment decays of heavy nuclei have been studied at the ALADIN spectrometer system at beam energies between 100 and 1000 MeV per nucleon. The observed fragment distributions signal a universality of spectator decays at bombarding energies E A ≥ 400 MeV . The role of the radial flow for the fragmentation process is explored by comparing fragment distributions measured for Au+Au collisions at E A = 100 MeV in central collisions and at E A = 1000 MeV in more peripheral reactions. At both energies the maximum multiplicity of intermediate mass fragments (IMFs) normalized to the size of the decaying system is about one IMF per 30 nucleons but the element distributions show significant differences. Within a coalescence picture the suppression of heavy fragments in central collisions at E A = 100 MeV may be related to a reduction of the density in momentum space which is caused by a large collective expansion velocity component.
Published: 1995
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32. Neutron recognition in the LAND detector for large neutron multiplicity

Author: E. Rapisarda, E. Le Gentil, C. Volant, T. Barczyk, A. Mykulyak, I. Iori, Håkan T Johansson, K. Sümmerer, A.N. Otte, M. De Napoli, P. Adrich, R. Bassini, J. Brzychczyk, Z. Majka, J. Łukasik, C. Sfienti, H. Weick, Giuseppe Verde, J.D. Frankland, S. Kupny, H. Sann, D. M. Rossi, A. Wieloch, M. D. Salsac, Cornelius Schwarz, S. Leray, M. Veselsky, A. Chbihi, D. Henzlova, Piotr Pawłowski, Y. Leifels, W. Trautmann, A. Boudard, S. Bianchin, A. Lafriakh, Alberto Pullia, H. Emling, J. Immè, J. Wiechula, C. Boiano, C.O. Bacri, J.-E. Ducret, U. Lynen, J. Lühning, S. Hlavac, M. Mocko, W. G. Lynch, H. Orth, H. Simon, A. Le Fèvre, Thomas Aumann, G. Raciti, T. Gorbinet, M. S. Wallace, K. Boretzky, M. B. Tsang, K. Kezzar, Stefano Panebianco, Margareta Hellström, J. Cibor, B. Zwieglinski, B. Czech, R. Palit, W. F. J. Müller, Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Département de Physique Nucléaire (ex SPhN) (DPHN), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Grand Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds (GANIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Nuclear reaction, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, LAND, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Hadron, Nuclear Theory, FOS: Physical sciences, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], neutron detection, 01 natural sciences, Particle detector, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, Neutron detection, Heavy-ion reactions, Neutron, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], heavy-ion reactions, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Instrumentation, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, Measuring instrument, Nucleon
Abstract: The performance of the LAND neutron detector is studied. Using an event-mixing technique based on one-neutron data obtained in the S107 experiment at the GSI laboratory, we test the efficiency of various analytic tools used to determine the multiplicity and kinematic properties of detected neutrons. A new algorithm developed recently for recognizing neutron showers from spectator decays in the ALADIN experiment S254 is described in detail. Its performance is assessed in comparison with other methods. The properties of the observed neutron events are used to estimate the detection efficiency of LAND in this experiment., 16 pages, 8 figures
Published: 2012
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33. Fragment mass dependence ofpTat GeV per nucleon energies

Author: G. P. Grim, H. Sann, T. J. M. Symons, J. L. Romero, Isao Tanihata, Peter J. Lindstrom, H. J. Crawford, J. C. Young, D.L. Olson, U. Lynen, T. Kobayashi, C. E. Tull, J. L. Chance, H. Wieman, W. B. Christie, F. P. Brady, and W. F. J. Müller
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Computer Science::Information Retrieval, Nuclear Theory, Transverse momentum, Light particle, Nuclear Experiment, Nucleon
Abstract: Measurements of the transverse momenta ([ital p][sub [ital T]]) of medium and heavy mass projectile fragments for a range of projectile nuclei ([sup 40]Ar, [sup 93]Nb, [sup 139]La, [sup 197]Au) have been carried out. It is found that the width of the transverse momentum distributions increases more rapidly with projectile and fragment mass than predicted by models based on nucleon momenta in the projectile nuclei. The distributions can be fit by including an additional transverse momentum, [ital p][sub [ital B]] (for Bounce). The extracted values of [ital p][sub [ital B]]/[ital A][sub [ital F]] increase with decreasing [ital A][sub [ital F]], and extrapolations to small [ital A][sub [ital F]] appear to be consistent with the mean values of reaction-plane-projected [ital p][sub [ital T]] per nucleon for light particle (e.g., nucleon) bounce-off.''
Published: 1994
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34. Inclusive fragment production in84Kr +197Au atE/A=35 MeV

Author: M. Begemann-Blaich, M. Ribrag, E.M. Eckert, R. Trockel, A. Kühmichel, W. Trautmann, C. Ngô, U. Milkau, U. Lynen, G. Imme, G. Raciti, C. Mazur, H. Sann, J. Pochodzalla, M. Lattuada, J. B. Natowitz, W. F. J. Müller, and P. Kreutz
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Range (particle radiation), Cross section (physics), Fragment (computer graphics), Detection threshold, Projectile, Nuclear fusion, Production (computer science), Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: Inclusive cross sections of intermediate mass fragments from the reaction84Kr+197Au atE/A=35 MeV were measured over the range 8°≦Θlab≦70° with a low detection threshold. A moving-source parameterization was used to fit the double-differential cross sections. The integrated cross section for fragment production exceeds the total reaction cross section thus indicating a large probability for multi-fragment processes. The deduced large temperature parameters can be explained by assuming emission from a rotating source. From the comparison to reactions with12C and40Ar projectiles at E/A=30 MeV a systematics of inclusive fragment production as a function of the projectile mass is obtained.
Published: 1993
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35. Disassembly of highly excited nuclei: From evaporation to vaporization

Author: I. Iori, U. Lynen, G. Rudolf, J.C. Adloff, M. Begemann-Blaich, G.J. Kunde, W. Seidel, A. Moroni, G. Imme, A. Schüttauf, P. Bouissou, W. F. J. Müller, S. Leray, Robert Meijer, L. Stuttge, U. Milkau, A. Tucholski, Z. Liu, W. Trautmann, C. A. Ogilvie, G. Raciti, C. Ngô, V. Lindenstruth, H. Sann, J. Hubele, J. Pochodzalla, and P. Kreutz
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photon, Fragmentation (mass spectrometry), Spectrometer, Projectile, Excited state, Nuclear Theory, Vaporization, Multiplicity (chemistry), Atomic physics, Impact parameter, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We have studied the fragmentation of Au projectiles interacting with targets of C, Al, Cu and Pb at an incident energy of E/A = 600 MeV. The experiment was performed with the ALADiN forward spectrometer at SIS. The employed inverse kinemantics allowed nearly complete detection of projectile fragments with charge Z ≥ 2. In addition, the number of light particles for each collision was measured. We compare different observables characterizing the event and investigate the impact parameter dependence of the fragmentation process. It is found that the correlation between the mean multiplicity of intermediate mass fragments 〈Mimf〉 and Zbound, the sum charges of all projectile fragments with Z≥2, is independent of the target nucleus. This universal behavior is consistent with an - at least partial - equilibration of the projectile fragment prior to its decay. Finally we compare to two classes of statistical models, the sequential decay code GEMINI and statistical multifragmentation models.
Published: 1993
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36. Tibial pilon fractures

Author: F J, Müller and M, Nerlich
Subjects: Tibial Fractures, Humans
Abstract: Tibial pilon fractures are severe injuries to the distal articular surface of the tibia. Such injuries frequently result from high-energy axial impact and are often associated with extended soft tissue injury. Various treatment methods are available, depending not only on the fracture type but mostly on the extent of the soft tissue injury; one of the most frequent procedures is a two-stage surgery: the initial closed reduction of the fracture via primary placement of an ankle joint-spanning external fixator, if possible in conjunction with open reduction and internal fixation of the fractured fibula followed by a secondary procedure after soft tissue recovery by open reduction and internal fixation of the tibial plafond. By now, new types of low-profile and locking plates are available for internal fixation allowing the anatomical reconstruction of the fractured articular surface while sparing the soft tissue. Nonetheless, the treatment of tibial pilon fractures is technically demanding because of their potential for severe complications.
Published: 2010

37. Statistical fragmentation of Au projectiles atE/A=600 MeV

Author: J. Hubele, Gerd Joachim Kunde, H. Sann, W. A. Friedman, M. Begemann-Blaich, C. Ngô, P. Kreutz, G. Imme, J. Pochodzalla, Alfred R. Deangelis, I. Iori, D.H.E. Gross, H.R. Jaqaman, P. Bouissou, Z. Liu, W. Seidel, U. Lynen, U. Milkau, R. Heck, A. Tucholski, H. Schulz, J.C. Adloff, Robert Meijer, G. Raciti, W. F. J. Müller, L. Stuttge, A. Schüttauf, S. Leray, R. J. Charity, V. Lindenstruth, W. Trautmann, C. A. Ogilvie, G. Rudolf, A. Moroni, and H. W. Barz
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear reaction, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Projectile, Isotopes of copper, Computer Science::Information Retrieval, Nuclear Theory, Breakup, Fragmentation (mass spectrometry), Incident energy, Isotopes of gold, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, Excitation
Abstract: The mean multiplicity of intermediate mass fragments (IMF) {l angle}{ital M}{sub IMF}{r angle} produced by fragmentation of Au projectiles interacting with targets of C, Al, Cu, and Pb at an incident energy of {ital E}/{ital A}=600 MeV is compared to predictions of statistical multifragmentation and sequential evaporation models. The initial conditions for the calculations were provided by Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck simulations. In the high excitation energy regime where the IMF multiplicity reaches its maximum the observed universal correlation between {l angle}{ital M}{sub IMF}{r angle} and the total charge {ital Z}{sub bound} of projectile fragments with charges {ital Z}{ge}2 cannot be reproduced by a sequential evaporation code. In this regime the data are better described by statistical decay calculations which assume the formation of an expanded nuclear system and a rather fast breakup.
Published: 1992
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38. The rise and fall of multifragment production in 197Au + C, Al, and Cu reactions at E/A = 600 MeV

Author: P. Bouissou, Giuseppina Raciti, Z. Liu, G. Rudolf, J.C. Adloff, H. Sann, Robert Meijer, A. Schüttauf, A. Tucholski, U. Lynen, W. Seidel, M.L. Begemann-Blaich, Volker Lindenstruth, S. Leray, W. F. J. Müller, J. Pochodzalla, I. Iori, G. Imme, C. Ngô, W. Trautmann, C. A. Ogilvie, A. Moroni, L. Stuttge, J. Hubele, Gerd Joachim Kunde, P. Kreutz, and U. Milkau
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Spectrometer, Nuclear Theory, Nuclear physics, Fragmentation (mass spectrometry), Vaporization, C/AL, Multiplicity (chemistry), Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, Nucleon, computer, Beam energy, computer.programming_language
Abstract: We have studied the transition from the evaporation to the vaporization regime in 197Au induced reactions on C, Al, and Cu targets at a beam energy of 600 MeV per nucleon. The experiment was performed with the ALADIN forward spectrometer at SIS. We find that with increasing violence of the collision the mean multiplicity of intermediate mass fragments first increases to a maximum ⋍ 3.5 and then decreases again. Calculations using the BUU model suggest that the fragmentation is governed by the energy Edep deposited into the Au nucleus and that the maximum of is reached around Edep = 8 MeV/nucleon.
Published: 1992
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39. Emission temperatures in 40Ar+197Au reactions in the limiting fragmentation regime

Author: Gerd Joachim Kunde, E. Berdermann, W. Trautmann, S. Leray, W. F. J. Müller, B. Berthier, R. Lucas, U. Lynen, Giuseppina Raciti, P. Kreutz, C. K. Gelbke, J. Hubele, C. Ngô, H. Sann, C. Cerruti, U. Milkau, C.H. Pinkenburg, J. Pochodzalla, and J. Aichelin
Subjects: Nuclear reaction, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, education.field_of_study, Isotopes of lithium, Nuclear Theory, Population, Helium-4, Excited state, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, Nucleon, education, Isotopes of helium, Nuclear density
Abstract: Apparent emission temperatures of 4 He and 5 Li fragments were deduced for the reaction 40 Ar+ 197 Au at E / A =200 MeV from the relative population of excited states. Compared to previous measurements at E / A =60 MeV, the average emission temperatures increases by less than 2 MeV to a value of about 6 MeV. QMD calculations indicate that the momentum distribution of the nucleons forming a fragment is determined at a point where the system is still close to normal nuclear density and that they do not reflect the local momentum distribution of the surrounding nucleons. The simulations suggest that the observed low emission temperatures are a consequence of the dynamics of the fragment formation process.
Published: 1991
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40. Intermediate mass fragments fromAr40+197Au: Transition from the incomplete fusion to the participant spectator regime

Author: E. Berdermann, B. Berthier, H.J. Rabe, P. Kreutz, K. D. Hildenbrand, P. Lhenoret, R. Wada, P. Bouissou, D. Guinet, Giuseppina Raciti, W. F. J. Müller, H. Stelzer, U. Lynen, E. Tomasi, A. Demeyer, E.M. Eckert, R. Trockel, J. Pochodzalla, C. Mazur, Gerd Joachim Kunde, R. Lucas, C. Ng, U. Milkau, A. Kühmichel, M. Ribrag, C.H. Pinkenburg, H. Sann, C. Cerruti, J. Hubele, W. Trautmann, S. Leray, and G. Imme
Subjects: Nuclear reaction, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Fragmentation (mass spectrometry), Nucleosynthesis, Excited state, Isotropy, Charge density, Spallation, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, Spectral line
Abstract: Inclusive cross sections of intermediate mass fragments from the reaction {sup 40}Ar+{sup 197}Au at {ital E}/{ital A}=30 and 220 MeV were measured with a low threshold and over a large range of angles. The integrated cross sections are about 2 b at both energies but the emission characteristics change considerably. The increased isotropy of the angular distributions and the strongly reduced Coulomb repulsion at the higher bombarding energy suggest that the emission process evolves towards fragmentation of excited spectator matter in central ion-ion collisions.
Published: 1991
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41. Fragmentation of gold projectiles: From evaporation to total disassembly

Author: S. Leray, A. Tucholski, V. Lindenstruth, G. Raciti, P. Kreutz, G. Imme, U. Milkau, U. Lynen, G. Rudolf, M. Begemann-Blaich, Robert Meijer, Z. Liu, H. Sann, W. Seidel, A. Moroni, W. Trautmann, C. Ngô, C. A. Ogilvie, A. Schüttauf, W. F. J. Müller, L. Stuttge, J.C. Adloff, G.J. Kunde, P. Bouissou, I. Iori, J. Pochodzalla, J. Hubele, Institut de Recherches Subatomiques (IReS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Heyd, Yvette
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, [PHYS.NEXP] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Projectile, Observable, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Charged particle, Nuclear physics, medicine.anatomical_structure, Fragmentation (mass spectrometry), medicine, Nuclear fusion, Multiplicity (chemistry), Impact parameter, Nuclear Experiment, Nucleus
Abstract: We have studied the fragmentation of Au projectiles interacting with targets of C, Al and Cu at an incident energy ofE/A=600 MeV. The employed inverse kinematics allowed a nearly complete detection of projectile fragments with chargeZ≧2. The recorded fragmentation events were sorted according to three observables, the multiplicityMlp of light charged particles, the largest atomic numberZmax within an event, and a new observable,Zbound, representing the sum of the atomic numbersZ of all fragments withZ≧2. Using these observables, the impact parameter dependence of the fragmentation process was investigated. For all three targets, a maximum mean multiplicity of 3 to 4 intermediate mass fragments (IMFs) is observed. The corresponding impact parameters range from central collisions for theC target to increasingly peripheral collisions for the heavier targets. It is found that the correlation between the IMF multiplicity andZbound, extending from evaporation type processes (largeZbound) to the total disassembly of the projectile (smallZbound), is independent of the target nucleus. This universal behaviour may suggest an — at least partial — equilibration of the projectile fragment prior to its decay.
Published: 1991
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42. ISOTOPIC TEMPERATURES AND SYMMETRY ENERGY IN SPECTATOR FRAGMENTATION

Author: J. Lukasik, P. Adrich, I. Iori, Daniela Henzlova, W. F. J. Müller, Mark S. Wallace, H. Emling, U. Lynen, R. Bassini, A. Le Fèvre, C. Volant, A. Chbihi, Piotr Pawłowski, T. Barczyk, A. Mykulyak, Thomas Aumann, M. B. Tsang, W. Trautmann, J. Wiechula, B. Czech, H. Sann, M. Mocko, K. Sümmerer, J.D. Frankland, A. Lafriakh, Alberto Pullia, Herbert A. Simon, B. Zwieglinski, H. Orth, A. Wieloch, Giuseppina Raciti, C.O. Bacri, G. Imme, C. Schwarz, E. Rapisarda, R. Palit, A.N. Otte, M. De Napoli, J.E. Ducret, K. Kezzar, S. Bianchin, Z. Majka, J. Cibor, Yvonne Leifels, Margareta Hellström, J. Brzychczyk, Håkan Johansson, Helmut Weick, A. S. Botvina, C. Boiano, J. Lühning, W. G. Lynch, A. Boudard, E. Le Gentil, C. Sfienti, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Helmholtz zentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH (GSI), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département d'Astrophysique, de physique des Particules, de physique Nucléaire et de l'Instrumentation Associée (DAPNIA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Grand Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds (GANIL), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), D.T Khoa, P. Egelhof, S. Galès, N. Van Giai, T. Motobayashi, ALADIN, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Fragmentation, media_common.quotation_subject, Isotopic temperatures, Isoscaling, Art, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Humanities, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Symmetry energy, media_common
Abstract: R. BASSINI5), , C. BOIANO5), A.S. BOTVINA2), A. BOUDARD6), J. BRZYCHCZYK4), A. CHBIHI1), J. CIBOR8), B. CZECH8), J.-E. DUCRET6), H. EMLING2), J. FRANKLAND7), M. HELLSTROM2), D. HENZLOVA1), K. KEZZAR2), G. IMME1), I. IORI5), H. JOHANSSON2), A. LAFRIAKH3), , E. LE GENTIL6), Y. LEIFELS2) , W.G. LYNCH9), J. LUHNING2), , U. LYNEN2), Z. MAJKA4), M. MOCKO9), W.F.J. MULLER2), A. MYKULYAK10), H. ORTH2), A.N. OTTE2), R. PALIT2), P. PAW LOWSKI8) , A. PULLIA5), G. RACITI1), E. RAPISARDA1), H. SANN2), C. SCHWARZ2), H. SIMON2), K. SUMMERER2), M.B. TSANG9), C. VOLANT6), M. WALLACE9), H. WEICK2), J. WIECHULA2), A. WIELOCH4) and B. ZWIEGLINSKI10) 1) Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita degli studi di Catania and LNS-INFN, 64, Via S. Sofia, I-95123 Catania, Italy 2) Gesellschaft fur Schwerionenforchung, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany 3) Institut de Physique Nucleaire, IN2P3-CNRS et Universite, F-91406 Orsay, France 4) M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian Univ., Pl-30059 Krakow, Poland 5) Istituto di Scienze Fisiche, Universita degli Studi and INFN, I-20133 Milano, Italy 6) DAPNIA/SPhN, CEA/Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France 7) GANIL, CEA et IN2P3-CNRS, F-14076 Caen, France; 8) H. Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Pl-31342 Krakow,Poland 9) Department of Physics and Astronomy and NSCL, MSU, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; 10) A. So ltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, Pl-00681 Warsaw, Poland
Published: 2008
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43. Coincidence Measurement of Residues and Light Particles in the ReactionFe56+pat 1 GeV per Nucleon with the Spallation Reactions Setup SPALADIN

Author: C. Schwarz, S. Leray, W. Trautmann, F. Rejmund, S. Pietri, Piotr Pawłowski, L. Donadille, A. Lafriakh, U. Lynen, J. Benlliure, M. Böhmer, Herbert A. Simon, C.O. Bacri, O. Yordanov, Roman Gernhäuser, J.E. Ducret, K. Kezzar, S. Bianchin, A. Boudard, F. Lavaud, T. Kurtukian-Nieto, E. Le Gentil, J. Brzychczyk, J. Lukasik, W. F. J. Müller, E. Casarejos, Michel Combet, M. Fernandez-Ordoñez, J. Luhning, Håkan T Johansson, C. Sfienti, A. Le Fèvre, Thomas Aumann, and C. Volant
Subjects: Nuclear reaction, Physics, Angular momentum, Photon, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Nuclear Theory, General Physics and Astronomy, Kinetic energy, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, Cascade, 0103 physical sciences, Spallation, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Nucleon, Excitation
Abstract: The spallation of Fe-56 in collisions with hydrogen at 1A GeV has been studied in inverse kinematics with the large-aperture setup SPALADIN at GSI. Coincidences of residues with low-center-of-mass kinetic energy light particles and fragments have been measured allowing the decomposition of the total reaction cross section into the different possible deexcitation channels. Detailed information on the evolution of these deexcitation channels with excitation energy has also been obtained. The comparison of the data with predictions of several deexcitation models coupled to the INCL4 intranuclear cascade model shows that only GEMINI can reasonably account for the bulk of collected results, indicating that in a light system with no compression and little angular momentum, multifragmentation might not be necessary to explain the data.
Published: 2008
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44. Discriminant Analysis and Secondary-Beam Charge Recognition

Author: I. Iori, S. Bianchin, Z. Majka, Håkan T Johansson, H. Weick, M. B. Tsang, E. Le Gentil, P. Adrich, C. Volant, J. Łukasik, M. S. Wallace, T. Barczyk, Cornelius Schwarz, J.-E. Ducret, A. Mykulyak, Y. Leifels, E. Rapisarda, A. Lafriakh, Margareta Hellström, Alberto Pullia, B. Czech, A. Le Fèvre, H. Sann, Thomas Aumann, G. Imme, C. Sfienti, J.D. Frankland, W. F. J. Müller, C.O. Bacri, Giuseppe Verde, J. Cibor, H. Emling, U. Lynen, R. Palit, A. Chbihi, C. Boiano, J. Lühning, M. Mocko, G. Raciti, K. Sümmerer, K. Kezzar, W. G. Lynch, H. Orth, J. Brzychczyk, H. Simon, A. S. Botvina, B. Zwieglinski, W. Trautmann, Piotr Pawłowski, A. Wieloch, D. Henzlova, A. Boudard, J. Wiechula, A.N. Otte, M. De Napoli, R. Bassini, Helmholtz zentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH (GSI), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano (INFN), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Département de Physique Nucléaire (ex SPhN) (DPHN), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Grand Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds (GANIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania (INFN), Università degli studi di Catania [Catania], ALADIN, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Università degli studi di Catania = University of Catania (Unict)
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Statistical methods, Nuclear Theory, FOS: Physical sciences, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, Fragmentation (mass spectrometry), 0103 physical sciences, Neutron, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Instrumentation, Physics, Isotope, radioactive beams, 02.50.Sk, 25.70.Mn, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Projectile, Detector, projectile fragmentation, Linear discriminant analysis, discriminant analysis, Isospin, Beam (structure)
Abstract: The discriminant-analysis method has been applied to optimize the exotic-beam charge recognition in a projectile fragmentation experiment. The experiment was carried out at the GSI using the fragment separator (FRS) to produce and select the relativistic secondary beams, and the ALADIN setup to measure their fragmentation products following collisions with Sn target nuclei. The beams of neutron poor isotopes around 124La and 107Sn were selected to study the isospin dependence of the limiting temperature of heavy nuclei by comparing with results for stable 124Sn projectiles. A dedicated detector to measure the projectile charge upstream of the reaction target was not used, and alternative methods had to be developed. The presented method, based on the multivariate discriminant analysis, allowed to increase the efficacy of charge recognition up to about 90%, which was about 20% more than achieved with the simple scalar methods., Comment: 6 pages, 7 eps figures, elsart, submitted to Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A
Published: 2008
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45. Transient times of fission inAr40+232Th peripheral collisions

Author: P. Lhenoret, R. Lucas, H. Stelzer, A. Kühmichel, C. Cerruti, W. F. J. Müller, H.J. Rabe, M. Ribrag, D. Guinet, E. Tomasi, R. Wada, A. Demeyer, E.M. Eckert, C. Ng, K. D. Hildenbrand, U. Lynen, R. Trockel, W. Trautmann, C. Mazur, H. Sann, and J. Pochodzalla
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear reaction, Fission, Nuclear Theory, General Physics and Astronomy, Order (ring theory), Nuclear physics, Recoil, Excited state, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, Spin (physics), Excitation, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: Peripheral {sup 40}Ar+{sup 232}Th collisions at a bombarding energy {ital E}/{ital A}=30 MeV were studied by measuring coincidences of fission fragments with projectile fragments detected near the grazing angle. It is found that the sequential fission of the highly excited target residue nuclei is severely hindered if their excitation energies, determined from the measured recoil momenta, exceed a value of abour 50--75 MeV. A transient time of fission of the order of 10{sup {minus}20} s is deduced.
Published: 1990
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46. Coincidence measurement of residues and light particles in the reaction 56Fe+p at 1 GeV per nucleon with the spallation reactions setup SPALADIN

Author: E, Le Gentil, T, Aumann, C O, Bacri, J, Benlliure, S, Bianchin, M, Böhmer, A, Boudard, J, Brzychczyk, E, Casarejos, M, Combet, L, Donadille, J E, Ducret, M, Fernandez-Ordoñez, R, Gernhäuser, H, Johansson, K, Kezzar, T, Kurtukian-Nieto, A, Lafriakh, F, Lavaud, A, Le Fèvre, S, Leray, J, Lühning, J, Lukasik, U, Lynen, W F J, Müller, P, Pawlowski, S, Pietri, F, Rejmund, C, Schwarz, C, Sfienti, H, Simon, W, Trautmann, C, Volant, and O, Yordanov
Abstract: The spallation of 56Fe in collisions with hydrogen at 1A GeV has been studied in inverse kinematics with the large-aperture setup SPALADIN at GSI. Coincidences of residues with low-center-of-mass kinetic energy light particles and fragments have been measured allowing the decomposition of the total reaction cross section into the different possible deexcitation channels. Detailed information on the evolution of these deexcitation channels with excitation energy has also been obtained. The comparison of the data with predictions of several deexcitation models coupled to the INCL4 intranuclear cascade model shows that only GEMINI can reasonably account for the bulk of collected results, indicating that in a light system with no compression and little angular momentum, multifragmentation might not be necessary to explain the data.
Published: 2007

47. Transition from participant to spectator fragmentation in Au+Au reactions between60Aand150AMeV

Author: M.F. Rivet, O. Lopez, C. Volant, C. Sfienti, D. Durand, N. Le Neindre, A. Chbihi, Francesca Gulminelli, C. Schwarz, Elio Rosato, U. Lynen, K. Zbiri, L. Nalpas, K. Turzo, E. Vient, W. Trautmann, J.L. Charvet, J.D. Frankland, B. Zwieglinski, R. Legrain, Jörg Aichelin, A. Le Fèvre, J. Łukasik, H. Orth, E. Plagnol, Mariano Vigilante, R. Dayras, M. Parlog, W. F. J. Müller, J.P. Wieleczko, and W. Reisdorf
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Phase transition, Particle properties, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Monte Carlo method, 01 natural sciences, Quantum molecular dynamics, Spectral line, Bimodality, Nuclear physics, Fragmentation (mass spectrometry), 0103 physical sciences, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Nuclear theory
Abstract: Using the quantum molecular dynamics approach, we analyzed the results of the recent INDRA Collaboration Au+Au experiments at GSI in the energy range between 60A and 150A MeV. It turns out that in this energy region, the transition toward a participant-spectator scenario takes place. The large Au+Au system displays, in the simulations as in the experiment, simultaneously dynamical and statistical behavior, which we analyze in detail. The composition of fragments close to midrapidity follows statistical laws, and the system shows bimodality, i.e., a sudden transition between different fragmentation patterns, as a function of centrality, as expected for a phase transition. The fragment spectra at small and large rapidities, on the other hand, are determined by dynamics, and the system as a whole does not come to equilibrium--an observation that is confirmed by FOPI Collaboration experiments for the same system.
Published: 2007
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48. Coincidence measurement of the reaction 56Fe+p at 1 GeV per nucleon with SPALADIN

Author: W. Trautmann, A. Le Fèvre, Thomas Aumann, R. Gernhäuser, Enrique Casarejos, S. Bianchin, Alain Boudard, U. Lynen, F. Rejmund, Herbert A. Simon, T. Kurtukian-Nieto, O. Yordanov, K. Kezzar, C.O. Bacri, J. Lukasik, C. Sfienti, J. Luhning, Håkan Johansson, J.E. Ducret, J. Benlliure, M. Böhmer, F. Lavaud, M. Fernandez-Ordoñez, L. Donadille, C. Schwarz, A. Lafriakh, S. Leray, É. Le Gentil, W. F. J. Müller, C. Volant, and S. Pietri
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear physics, Hodoscope, Nuclear data, Neutron detection, Spallation, Neutron, Nuclear Experiment, Nucleon, Coincidence, Beam (structure)
Abstract: The SPALADIN experiment using the inverse-kinematics technique where the heavy-ion beam is sent onto a liquid-hydrogen target has been carried out at GSI (Darmstadt, Germany) in order to study the spallation of 56 Fe. On an event-by-event basis, spallation residues, light-charged fragments and neutrons have been detected in coincidence. The set-up is based on a large aperture magnet (ALADiN) equipped with a time-projection chamber (TPC), a hodoscope and a high-efficiency neutron detector. The combination of the inverse kinematics and of the acceptance of the set-up focuses the measurement on the low centre-of-mass energy fragments of the reaction essentially originating from the de-excitation of the prefragment formed at the end of the intranuclear cascade. Data taken at 1GeV per nucleon have been analysed. Preliminary results on coincidence observables are shown and compared to theoretical calculations. We emphasize on the identification of different types of multi-fragment final states which correspond to different decay channels and allow to probe different decay mechanisms.
Published: 2007
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49. Performance of RPC with low-resistive silicate glass electrodes exposed to an intense continuous electron beam

Author: F. Dohrmann, A. Semak, V. A. Gapienko, Peter Senger, N. Herrmann, K. D. Hildenbrand, M. Ciobanu, V. V. Ammosov, V. G. Zaets, V. Tiflov, W. F. J. Müller, A. Schüttauf, Fedor Guber, Daniel Stach, J. Wüstenfeld, Yu M. Sviridov, L. Naumann, A. Sytcheva, A. Ivashkin, and R. Kotte
Subjects: Physics, High rate, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Resistive touchscreen, business.industry, Bulk resistivity, Electron linac, Flux, Time resolution, Detection efficiency, Gaseous detectors, Electrode, Cathode ray, Optoelectronics, Rate capability, business, Instrumentation, Silicate glass, Multi-gap RPC
Abstract: Four-gap resistive plate chamber (RPC) prototypes with silicate glass electrodes (bulk resistivity ∼10 8 –10 9 Ω cm) were studied for suitability in time-of-flight (TOF) applications at high rates. These studies were performed using a continuous electron beam of 34 MeV at the FZ Dresden–Rossendorf electron linac ELBE. Time resolutions of about 100 ps and efficiencies larger than 95% were obtained for flux densities up to 20 kHz/cm 2 .
Published: 2007

50. A High-Performance Silicon Tracker for the CBM Experiment at FAIR

Author: Johann M. Heuser, Peter Senger, Joachim Stroth, Walter F. J. Müller, and C. Müntz
Subjects: Physics, Particle physics, Silicon, Spectrometer, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, chemistry.chemical_element, Particle identification, Charged particle, Nuclear physics, Baryon, chemistry, Antiproton, Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research, Nuclear Experiment, Radiation hardening
Abstract: The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment at GSI’s future international Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) will study strongly interacting matter at high baryon densities. The central component of the fixed‐target heavy‐ion spectrometer is a high‐performance silicon vertex tracker. It applies most advanced pixel and microstrip detectors to track exclusively the charged particles created in the collisions and to reconstruct decay vertices from “open charm”. The development of the silicon tracker is challenging and includes R&D on ultra low‐mass sensors and support structures, extreme radiation hardness, and fast self‐triggered readout.
Published: 2006
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