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1. Desescalada desde antipseudomónicos en pacientes con bacteriemia por Enterobacterales: Ensayo aleatorizado SIMPLIFY. Resultados preliminares

Author

LE López Cortés, E Moreno Mellado, M Delgado-Valverde, J Goikoetxea-Agirre, LM López Soria, MT Pérez Rodríguez, L Martínez Lamas, C Fariñas, C Ruiz de Alegría Puig, A Romero Palacios, MC Martínez Rubio, C Sáez Bejar, C de las Cuevas, A Martín Aspas, F Galán, JR Yuste, J Leiva-León, G Bou, I Torres Beceiro, E Calbo, M Xercavins-Valls, MÁ Goenaga-Sánchez, DV Anza, JJ Castón, M Recio, E Merino, JC Rodríguez, C Rosso-Fernández, P Retamar-Gentil, and J Rodríguez Baño

Subjects
Medicine, Surgery, RD1-811
Published
2023
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2. Wild chimpanzees remember and revisit concealed, underground army ant nest locations throughout multiple years

Author

Andreu Sánchez-Megías, Carlota F. Galán-Plana, Nadia Mirghani, Laia Dotras, Jordi Galbany, Manuel Llana, Adrián Arroyo, Justinn Renelies-Hamilton, and R. Adriana Hernandez-Aguilar

Subjects
Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Abstract Chimpanzees use spatiotemporal cognition for fruit foraging by remembering tree locations and fruiting seasons. However, the spatiotemporal cognition behind exploiting other foods has rarely been studied. Here, we investigate whether chimpanzees use memory to exploit concealed, underground army ant nests. We analyse 679 chimpanzee visits to four nests recorded during five years (2018–2022) using camera traps in a savanna habitat. We explore if chimpanzees intentionally revisit nests, study how they detect ants, and assess ant availability and chimpanzee ant consumption. Nests are concealed, scarce, and intermittently reoccupied, yet chimpanzees eat ants frequently. We find that out of 34 identified chimpanzees who visit the nests, 23 revisit at least one. Chimpanzees visit nest sites significantly more often than similar sites without nests. Individuals revisit significantly sooner and inspect significantly longer nests where they have more recently encountered ants. The apes use sight, smell, taste, touch, and probing tools, to detect ants inside nests. We provide the first evidence suggesting that chimpanzees use spatial and episodic-like memory to exploit concealed social insects throughout multiple years. Our results expand our understanding of the cognitive strategies behind chimpanzee insectivory, suggesting it may have played an important role in the evolution of primate spatiotemporal cognition.

Published
2024
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4. Influence of bad oral habits upon the development of posterior crossbite in a preschool population

Author

Antonio F. Galán-González, Antonia Domínguez-Reyes, and M. Eugenia Cabrera-Domínguez

Subjects
Crossbite, Oral habits, Malocclusion, Children, Dentistry, RK1-715
Abstract

Abstract Background A study is made of posterior crossbite in deciduous dentition and its possible association to extrinsic factors (bad oral habits). Methods A total of 1168 Spanish children between 3 and 6 years of age were included in the study. Exploration of the oral cavity was performed to assess the presence of crossbite (uni- or bilateral and/or functional), and a questionnaire was administered to the parents or caregivers to determine the presence of bad oral habits and their duration. Results In occlusion, 19.7% of the cases (n = 230) presented uni- or bilateral posterior crossbite. On adopting centric relation confronting the midlines, crossbite persisted in 165 children, indicating that 65 cases were due to premature contacts (functional crossbite). The identified favoring factors were pacifier use, thumb sucking, oral breathing and tongue thrusting or immature swallowing. Discussion Most studies in the literature report a relationship between posterior crossbite and bad oral habits. The proportion of posterior crossbites identified in our study (16.6%) is consistent with the data published by authors such as Kobayashi, Limeira or Paolantonio, among others, but differs from the results of Zhifei Zhou, Peres or Germa. In coincidence with most studies, we recorded a statistically significant association between posterior crossbite and bad oral habits. Conclusions Bad oral habits favor the appearance of posterior crossbite, and the duration of the habit, its intensity (in the case of thumb sucking) and type (in the case of pacifier use) act as influencing factors. Functional study characterized the types of posterior crossbites and identified those attributable to premature contacts. This aspect has not been addressed by previous studies, and we consider the findings to be very interesting for analyzing and identifying the features of true crossbites.

Published
2023
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6. The work represented of rural and urban-marginated elementary teachers during confinement by COVID-19

Author

Blanca Araceli Rodríguez Hernández, Jaime Sebastián F. Galán Jiménez, and Oscar Osvaldo Servín Calvillo

Subjects
represented work, docents practices, distance learning., Education
Abstract

The aim of this research was to analyze the representations of rural and urban-marginalized elementary school teachers about their work during the COVID-19 pandemic at the beginning of the 2020-2021. The theoretical framework that guides the study is the sociodiscursive interactionism applied to the conception of teaching work, particularly the dimensions of represented and prescribed work. Part of the method was to apply a questionnaire with open and multiple-choice items that was supplied to 24 teachers from two Mexican states: San Luis Potosí and Veracruz. The results exibit that distance learning increases educational backwardness or hinders learning. Furthermore, they allow to identify the difficulties foreseen for the new school year (Internet connection, explanation of content and communication with families) and recognize that WhatsApp became the main alternative for the development of synchronous classes, sending assignments and communication with students and their families.

Published
2021
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7. Validación del inventario de socialización organizacional en México

Author

José-Luis Calderón-Mafud and Jaime Sebastián F. Galán Jiménez

Subjects
diagnóstico organizacional, escala OSI, socialización organizacional, análisis factorial confirmatorio, Psychology, BF1-990
Abstract

Objetivo: generar una versión válida y confiable en población mexicana del inventario de socialización organizacional de taormina (OSI), validada por Bravo-Sánz (2001). Método: A partir de los puntajes obtenidos en el OSI se realizó en AMOS 23,0 un análisis factorial confirmatorio con máxima verosimilitud con los 20 ítems y factores originales (entrenamiento, apoyo de los compañeros, comprensión y perspectivas de futuro). La muestra se compuso por 489 trabajadores con una media de edad de 36 años. Resultados: Los resultados del AFC mostraron que, aunque el modelo se ajustaba de forma adecuada con los ítems originales, la validez y confiabilidad de constructo solo se obtuvieron al disminuir la cantidad de factores desechando el de comprensión. Se obtuvo un ajuste de modelo CMIN/DF= 2,02, CFI=0,97, AGFI= 0,94, RMSEA 0,046, SRMR 0,038. Conclusiones: Se logró un modelo válido (AVE >0,50) en todos sus factores y confiable (CR>0,74) en todos sus elementos con un total de 11 ítems con sus baremos para población. Esta versión del inventario de socialización puede ser empleada en población mexicana, lo cual incidirá en investigaciones organizacionales, administrativas, psicológicas con diversas temáticas para determinar la adaptación a la cultura organizacional.

Published
2022
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10. Apropiación del cuerpo: autoerotismo y machismo sexual

Author

Mariana Gabriela Vilet Carvajal and Jaime Sebastián F. Galán Jiménez

Subjects
cuerpo, género, autoerotismo, machismo sexual, medición, The family. Marriage. Woman, HQ1-2044, Women. Feminism, HQ1101-2030.7
Abstract

El autoerotismo como posibilidad autogestionada de placer individual, no se limita a la masturbación, sino que comprende también fantasías, sueños, exploraciones, excitaciones y deseos. El objetivo de esta investigación es conocer las implicaciones del autoerotismo con los mandatos de género, las identidades y sexos; así como indagar su relación con el machismo sexual y la posibilidad de disfrute. En el método se empleó un diseño cuantitativo transversal, correlacional y comparativo. La muestra contempló a 277 participantes, 62% fueron mujeres, 37.1% hombres y 0.72% intersexuales con una media de edad de 25 D.E. 7.23. Los resultados obtenidos permiten inferir que el autoerotismo y el disfrute (Gaudibilidad) se encuentran asociados con la identificación con el feminismo. A su vez, menor autoerotismo y Gaudibilidad en mujeres, diferencias significativas entre personas binarias y no binarias en capacidad de disfrute, correlaciones significativas entre cuidado del cuerpo, el sentido de propiedad y su relación negativa con tener relaciones no deseadas. El autoerotismo como apropiación del cuerpo y liberación de los mandatos de género patriarcales.

Published
2021

14. Relating Neural Dynamics to Neural Coding

Author

Ermentrout, G. Bard and Urban, Roberto F. Galán Nathaniel N.

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Neurons and Cognition
Abstract

We demonstrate that two key theoretical objects used widely in Computational Neuroscience, the phase-resetting curve (PRC) from dynamics and the spike triggered average (STA) from statistical analysis, are closely related under a wide range of stimulus conditions. We prove that the STA is proportional to the derivative of the PRC. We compare these analytic results to numerical calculations for the Hodgkin-Huxley neuron and we apply the method to neurons in the olfactory bulb of mice. This observation allows us to relate the stimulus-response properties of a neuron to its dynamics, bridging the gap between dynamical and information theoretic approaches to understanding brain computations and facilitating the interpretation of changes in channels and other cellular properties as influencing the representation of stimuli., Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures

Published
2007

15. Dental Malocclusion and Its Relation to the Podal System

Author

María E. Cabrera-Domínguez, Antonia Domínguez-Reyes, Manuel Pabón-Carrasco, Ana J. Pérez-Belloso, Manuel Coheña-Jiménez, and Antonio F. Galán-González

Subjects
children, dental, malocclusions, foot, posture, Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract

Background and Objective: This study analyzes the possibility that Stomatognathic and Postural systems are related by muscle chains. Malocclusion may influence the posture, contact between the foot and the ground, center of mass, footprint or vice-versa. This study aimed to verify whether there is a relationship between dental occlusion and podal system.Materials and Methods: A cross-cutting, descriptive study was carried out on 409 children (222 boys and 187 girls) between 8 and 14 years old. Dental occlusion was assessed on the sagittal plane (Angle's classification) the contact between the foot and the ground and the center of mass were evaluated using a stabilometric platform.Results: There was a statistically significant relationship between the plantigrade phase, the contact surface area and center of gravity. There was a prevalence of molar and canine Angle's class II malocclusion. In molar class II, an anterior center of gravity was predominant, in class I it was centered and in class III, it was posterior. There was significant correlation between malocclusions and the FPI (foot posture index) of the left foot and the height of the scaphoid in the right foot (P < 0.001).Conclusions: Some authors agree with our results. There is still much uncertainty in terms of showing a relationship between both systems. In addition, there is scarce scientific evidence on the topic. Some kind of relationship between the two systems has been proven. Studies that evaluate a group of subjects in a longitudinal manner are necessary to enable the changes taking place in both systems to be defined.

Published
2021
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18. Exposición y Desensibilización a la Violencia en Jóvenes Mexicanos en Distintos Contextos Sociales

Author

Mario Guzmán Sescosse, Omar Sánchez-Armáss Cappello, José Luis Calderón Mafud, and Jaime Sebastián F. Galán Jiménez

Subjects
General Medicine
Abstract

El objetivo fue conocer la exposición y desensibilización a la violencia en jóvenes de cinco contextos en distintas instituciones educativas y de readaptación social de la ciudad de San Luis Potosí. Método: se realizó un estudio analítico transversal comparativo de 25 instituciones de educación media superior, ubicados en Zonas Rurales (ZR), en Polígonos de Violencia (PV), Cercanas a Polígonos de Violencia (CPV), en Zonas Alejadas de los Polígonos de Violencia (ZAPV), y en un Centro de Internamiento Juvenil (CIJ) con un total de 1720 participantes; 851 (49.5 %) hombres y 869 (50.5%) mujeres. Resultados: Se encontraron medias significativamente más altas en desensibilización a la violencia en participantes del CIJ, seguidos por participantes de las ZAPV, y al final el ZR. Referente a la exposición a la violencia fue mayor en aquellos provenientes de las ZAPV después en jóvenes del CIJ y finalmente los de ZR. Conclusiones: La desensibilización a la violencia se presenta como consecuencia a la exposición de la violencia y las conductas que atentan contra la seguridad social. Finalmente, se encontró que las actividades artísticas y los padres unidos funcionan como factores de protección contra la desensibilización a la violencia.

Published
2022
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19. Exposición a la violencia en adolescentes: desensibilización, legitimación y naturalización

Author

Jaime Sebastián F. Galán-Jiménez

Subjects
desensibilización a la violencia, legitimación, naturalización, adolescentes, entrevistas, Psychology, BF1-990
Abstract

El artículo realiza una aproximación a las creencias e ideas de jóvenes que han estado expuestos a violencia y sus posibles implicaciones como la desensibilización a la violencia. Se realizó el estudio mediante el análisis de contenido de siete entrevistas a profundidad con adolescentes que hubiesen vivido violencia o le ejercieran. Se realizó una codificación axial abierta. Se encontraron las siguientes categorías: violencia psicológica: vivida o ejercida; física: atestiguada, vivida y sexual. Normalización de la violencia, violencia como juego, gusto o agrado, justificación, como estatus o jerarquía y como adaptación o defensa. La desensibilización a la violencia no sólo en su manifestación de normalización y agrado, sino también en una diversión explícita implica la disminución de la prosocialidad.

Published
2018
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20. Google Trends Search for Sex Reveals Change in Relationship Preferences in Post-Quarantine Periods in Chile

Author

María Teresa Barbato, Ana María Fernández, Carlota F. Galán, Walter Rudolph Gonzalez, and Pablo Vidal Quezada

Subjects
General Arts and Humanities
Abstract

The study investigated seasonal variations in mating behavior by analyzing the search for sex during the COVID-19 quarantine in Google trends. Causal impact analyses were used to examine the trends of Google keyword searches during the period in which the quarantine and post-quarantine period lasted in Chile, for topics related to mate preferences. Results indicated a consistent difference during the post-quarantine peaks of Google trends related to short-term and long-term mating behaviors. Such results complement research about the change in mating strategies from an evolutionary approach which predicted decreased a long-term investment during periods of uncertainty caused by the pandemic. We discuss the implications of this method to advance the comprehension the effects of pandemic on mating preferences.

Published
2022
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21. Compromiso, intimidad, romance, amor y satisfacción en parejas mexicanas virtuales y presenciales durante la pandemia por COVID-19

Author

Monserrat Sánchez Capetillo and Jaime Sebastián F. Galán Jiménez

Subjects
General Medicine
Abstract

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo conocer el efecto de la virtualidad en la dinámica y características de las parejas durante la pandemia, con énfasis especifico en las diferencias entre las parejas exclusivamente virtuales y aquellas con relación física. Se partió de la hipótesis de que los componentes de la escala de compromiso, intimidad, romance y amor (ECIRA), y la satisfacción en la pareja serían más altos en parejas virtuales. Se trabajó con diseño analítico transversal con una muestra de 353 participantes con media de 29.8 años (DE 7.1), se realizó una encuesta aplicando los instrumentos de componentes del amor de pareja y la escala de satisfacción en la pareja. Los resultados arrojaron que solo existen diferencias significativas en el compromiso con mayor puntaje en parejas físicas. También, los hombres puntúan más bajo en el componente de amor en pareja. Se concluye que la hipótesis inicial se desecha, si bien la intimidad, romance, amor y satisfacción no obedecen a la presencia de la pareja, el compromiso se presenta distinto y se erige como un elemento clave para futuros análisis de relaciones en pareja.

Published
2022
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22. Reinserción social de adolescentes en conflicto con la ley. Un estudio conceptual

Author

Lizeth Montejano Torres, Paola Iliana de la Rosa Rodríguez, and Jaime Sebastián F. Galán Jiménez

Subjects
Reinserción social, Adolescentes en conflicto con la ley, Privación de la libertad, aprendizaje social, Law, Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence, K1-7720
Abstract

El objetivo de esta investigación consiste en hacer una revisión sobre las medidas y formas en que se ha empleado el concepto de reinserción social adolescente. Desde diversas disciplinas y sectores sociales en México, ha comenzado el reconocimiento de las personas jóvenes como un grupo de importancia que debe ser atendido dentro de las políticas públicas; sin embargo, quienes se encuentran en conflicto con la ley, rara vez, son considerados en los programas gubernamentales. Desde la perspectiva psicojurídica podría darse una aproximación a partir de la teoría del aprendizaje social y el etiquetamiento. Método: se realizó una revisión sistemática de literatura científica publicada en el periodo de enero de 2012 hasta junio 2017 utilizando la herramienta de Google Académico con el concepto de reinserción social. La muestra total fue de 93 artículos. De los cuales se retuvieron sólo 18 artículos que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Los resultados sugieren que la reinserción social de personas adolescentes, no difieren del que se utiliza para población adulta.

Published
2019
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23. Increasing Local Excitability of Brainstem Respiratory Nuclei Reveals a Distributed Network Underlying Respiratory Motor Pattern Formation

Author

Rishi R. Dhingra, Werner I. Furuya, Tara G. Bautista, Thomas E. Dick, Roberto F. Galán, and Mathias Dutschmann

Subjects
respiratory pattern formation, ataxic breathing, excitation-inhibition balance, respiratory microcircuit, synchronization, oscillator, Physiology, QP1-981
Abstract

The core circuit of the respiratory central pattern generator (rCPG) is located in the ventrolateral medulla, especially in the pre-Bötzinger complex (pre-BötC) and the neighboring Bötzinger complex (BötC). To test the hypothesis that this core circuit is embedded within an anatomically distributed pattern-generating network, we investigated whether local disinhibition of the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), the Kölliker-Fuse nuclei (KFn), or the midbrain periaqueductal gray area (PAG) can similarly affect the respiratory pattern compared to disinhibition of the pre-BötC/BötC core. In arterially-perfused brainstem preparations of rats, we recorded the three-phase respiratory pattern (inspiration, post-inspiration and late-expiration) from phrenic and vagal nerves before and after bilateral microinjections of the GABA(A)R antagonist bicuculline (50 nl, 10 mM). Local disinhibition of either NTS, pre-BötC/BötC, or KFn, but not PAG, triggered qualitatively similar disruptions of the respiratory pattern resulting in a highly significant increase in the variability of the respiratory cycle length, including inspiratory and expiratory phase durations. To quantitatively analyze these motor pattern perturbations, we measured the strength of phase synchronization between phrenic and vagal motor outputs. This analysis showed that local disinhibition of all brainstem target nuclei, but not the midbrain PAG, significantly decreased the strength of phase synchronization. The convergent perturbations of the respiratory pattern suggest that the rCPG expands rostrally and dorsally from the designated core but does not include higher mid-brain structures. Our data also suggest that excitation-inhibition balance of respiratory network synaptic interactions critically determines the network dynamics that underlie vital respiratory rhythm and pattern formation.

Published
2019
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24. Psychometric properties of the Desensitization to Violence Scale for Adolescents

Author

Jaime Sebastián F. Galán Jiménez, Omar Sánchez-Armáss Cappello, and Luis Felipe García y Barragán

Subjects
habituation, youth, psychometrics, social psychology, violence, Desensitization to violence scale, Science, Science (General), Q1-390, Social Sciences, Social sciences (General), H1-99
Abstract

Introduction: Desensitization to violence is the result of exposure to violence. It reduces the negative emotions in cognitive and physiological responses to violence and can even generate a positive response to it. Method: A mixed sequential method yielding a transactional analytic design for Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis with a sample of 1720 participants of 25 different high schools and a juvenile detention center. Followed by convergent validity (as a criterion validity) with a different sample. Results: The EFA’s cumulative explained variance was 52% with a GFI of .98 with a three-factor model: sensitivity to violence, amusement with physical violence, and enjoyment of psychological violence. The CFA showed scores above .50 in Average Explained Variance in every factor, and an ideal model fit in every measure (CFI, AGFI, RMSEA, SRMR, and ECVI). The remaining factors are only those related with enjoying or amusement with violent behavior, indicating that the desensitization to violence is related not only with the normalization and legitimation of violence, but the increasing of the performance and amusement of it. Discussion or Conclusion: The scale of desensitization to violence for adolescents has adequate psychometric properties and can be a valuable instrument to generate intervention or prevention programs, especially for its intimate relationship with high scores in people interned because of their criminal behavior.

Published
2019
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30. Estudio de las lesiones de la selección masculina absoluta española de fútbol (2008-2015)

Author

O.L. Celada, J. García-Cota, H. Herrero-González, R. Martínez-Rodríguez, F. Galán-del-Rio, E. Rodríguez-Iñigo, T.F. Fernández-Jaén, M.P. Fortoul-García, P. Guillen-García, and J.M. Lopez-Alcorocho

Subjects
Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation
Abstract

La Incidencia Lesional (IL) se define como el número de lesiones por 1.000 horas de exposición. El objetivo fue determinar la IL y los posibles factores que pudieran tener alguna influencia en las lesiones en los jugadores de la selección española de fútbol masculina absoluta de 2008 a 2015. Durante este periodo se convocaron 85 jugadores. El tiempo de exposición fue de 10.450 horas de las que 8.800 correspondían a entrenamiento y 1.650 horas a competición. El IL fue 7,46 lesiones por 1.000 horas de exposición correspondiendo el 76,9% a partidos de competición y el resto a entrenamientos. Las lesiones musculares fueron las más frecuentes (52,4%). La severidad de la lesión estaba relacionada con la posición del jugador y con el mecanismo lesional. En conclusión, la selección española absoluta de fútbol presentó un IL en la media de otros equipos de la élite del fútbol mundial.

Published
2021
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34. A digital Gesell chamber: adjustments for professional practices in social isolation

Author

Blanca Araceli Rodríguez Hernández, Eva María De León Posadas, and Jaime Sebastián F. Galán Jiménez

Subjects
Medical education, Supervisor, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), business.industry, General Engineering, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Care center, Informed consent, medicine, Social isolation, medicine.symptom, Training program, Psychology, business, Publication
Abstract

The aim of this study was to show the migration process, due to the covid-19 pandemic, of the psychotherapist training program provided by a psychological care center from a real Gesell chamber to a digital version. The method used was action-research with self-study from the practitioners and supervisor whom reported their experiences with this new mode of working. An informed consent was given to students and participants explaining the implications of the process and its limitations, as well as the intention to publish findings. As results: the digital Gesell chamber presented some technical difficulties; however, it was a useful and ethical response to continue with the training program, with broad benefit for users. What is more, it presented communication advantages that allowed the reflective group to intervene without interruption. In conclusion: the use of the digital chamber was an alternative that eased the supervision of practitioners as well as the optimal performance of psychological care during social isolation.

Published
2021
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35. Cámara de Gesell digital: adecuaciones para prácticas profesionales en distanciamiento social

Author

Jaime Sebastián F. Galán Jiménez, Blanca Araceli Rodríguez Hernández, and Eva María de León Posadas

Subjects
enseñanza a distancia, LC8-6691, practicante, psicología clínica, aprendizaje por experiencia, ética profesional, Theory and practice of education, Special aspects of education, LB5-3640, Education
Abstract

El objetivo de este estudio fue mostrar el proceso de migración de las prácticas profesionales de una cámara de Gesell, en donde los participantes interactuaban de forma presencial, a un modelo digital en un centro de prácticas que brindaba atención psicológica durante el inicio de la pandemia originada por la covid-19. El método empleado fue investigación-acción con autoestudio tanto de las practicantes como del supervisor, quienes reportaron sus experiencias con esa nueva modalidad. Se otorgó un consentimiento al personal y a los participantes sobre las implicaciones y limitaciones del proceso, así como la intención de publicar los hallazgos. Como resultado, se obtuvo la experiencia de la cámara de Gesell digital, la cual presentó dificultades técnicas; sin embargo, fue una respuesta ética útil para proseguir con prácticas profesionales que tuvo con amplios beneficios para los usuarios, como ventajas de comunicación que permitieron intervenciones sin interrupción por parte del grupo reflexivo. En conclusión, el uso de la cámara digital resultó una alternativa que facilitó la supervisión y el desempeño óptimo de la atención psicológica durante el distanciamiento social.

Published
2021

43. Apropiación del cuerpo: autoerotismo y machismo sexual

Author

Jaime Sebastián F. Galán Jiménez and Mariana Gabriela Vilet Carvajal

Subjects
cuerpo, autoerotismo, HQ1-2044, Quantitative design, Women. Feminism, media_common.quotation_subject, medición, General Engineering, HQ1101-2030.7, Feminism, Pleasure, Sense of ownership, Appropriation, Negative relationship, machismo sexual, The family. Marriage. Woman, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Psychology, Autoeroticism, Social psychology, género, General Environmental Science, media_common
Abstract

El autoerotismo como posibilidad autogestionada de placer individual, no se limita a la masturbación, sino que comprende también fantasías, sueños, exploraciones, excitaciones y deseos. El objetivo de esta investigación es conocer las implicaciones del autoerotismo con los mandatos de género, las identidades y sexos; así como indagar su relación con el machismo sexual y la posibilidad de disfrute. En el método se empleó un diseño cuantitativo transversal, correlacional y comparativo. La muestra contempló a 277 participantes, 62% fueron mujeres, 37.1% hombres y 0.72% intersexuales con una media de edad de 25 D.E. 7.23. Los resultados obtenidos permiten inferir que el autoerotismo y el disfrute (Gaudibilidad) se encuentran asociados con la identificación con el feminismo. A su vez, menor autoerotismo y Gaudibilidad en mujeres, diferencias significativas entre personas binarias y no binarias en capacidad de disfrute, correlaciones significativas entre cuidado del cuerpo, el sentido de propiedad y su relación negativa con tener relaciones no deseadas. El autoerotismo como apropiación del cuerpo y liberación de los mandatos de género patriarcales.

Published
2021
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45. Volumetric mapping of the functional neuroanatomy of the respiratory network in the perfused brainstem preparation of rats

Author

Mathias Dutschmann, Thomas E. Dick, Werner I. Furuya, Rishi R. Dhingra, and Roberto F. Galán

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Physiology, Local field potential, Biology, Vagus nerve, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine.anatomical_structure, Dorsal respiratory group, medicine, Biological neural network, Brainstem, Expiration, Respiratory system, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Neuroanatomy
Abstract

Key points The functional neuroanatomy of the mammalian respiratory network is far from being understood since experimental tools that measure neural activity across this brainstem-wide circuit are lacking. Here, we use silicon multi-electrode arrays to record respiratory local field potentials (rLFPs) from 196-364 electrode sites within 8-10 mm3 of brainstem tissue in single arterially perfused brainstem preparations with respect to the ongoing respiratory motor pattern of inspiration (I), post-inspiration (PI) and late-expiration (E2). rLFPs peaked specifically at the three respiratory phase transitions, E2-I, I-PI and PI-E2. We show, for the first time, that only the I-PI transition engages a brainstem-wide network, and that rLFPs during the PI-E2 transition identify a hitherto unknown role for the dorsal respiratory group. Volumetric mapping of pontomedullary rLFPs in single preparations could become a reliable tool for assessing the functional neuroanatomy of the respiratory network in health and disease. Abstract While it is widely accepted that inspiratory rhythm generation depends on the pre-Botzinger complex, the functional neuroanatomy of the neural circuits that generate expiration is debated. We hypothesized that the compartmental organization of the brainstem respiratory network is sufficient to generate macroscopic local field potentials (LFPs), and if so, respiratory (r) LFPs could be used to map the functional neuroanatomy of the respiratory network. We developed an approach using silicon multi-electrode arrays to record spontaneous LFPs from hundreds of electrode sites in a volume of brainstem tissue while monitoring the respiratory motor pattern on phrenic and vagal nerves in the perfused brainstem preparation. Our results revealed the expression of rLFPs across the pontomedullary brainstem. rLFPs occurred specifically at the three transitions between respiratory phases: (1) from late expiration (E2) to inspiration (I), (2) from I to post-inspiration (PI), and (3) from PI to E2. Thus, respiratory network activity was maximal at respiratory phase transitions. Spatially, the E2-I, and PI-E2 transitions were anatomically localized to the ventral and dorsal respiratory groups, respectively. In contrast, our data show, for the first time, that the generation of controlled expiration during the post-inspiratory phase engages a distributed neuronal population within ventral, dorsal and pontine network compartments. A group-wise independent component analysis demonstrated that all preparations exhibited rLFPs with a similar temporal structure and thus share a similar functional neuroanatomy. Thus, volumetric mapping of rLFPs could allow for the physiological assessment of global respiratory network organization in health and disease.

Published
2020
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50. Representaciones de los profesores de primarias rurales y urbano-marginadas sobre su trabajo durante el confinamiento por COVID-19

Author

Jaime Sebastián F. Galán Jiménez, Oscar Osvaldo Servín Calvillo, and Blanca Araceli Rodríguez Hernández

Subjects
enseñanza a distancia, pandemia, COVID-19, General Medicine, rural, movimientos sociales, educación popular
Abstract

Representações dos professores de ensino fundamental rural e urbano-marginalizado sobre o desempenho acadêmico no decorrer do confinamento pela COVID-19 O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar as representações dos professores de escolas primárias rurais e urbanas marginalizadas no decorrer da pandemia pela COVID-19 no início do ano letivo 2020-2021. O referencial teórico que orienta esta pesquisa é a concepção do trabalho docente do interacionismo sociodiscursivo, em particular as dimensões do trabalho representado e prescrito. Como parte da metodologia, aplicou-se um questionário com perguntas abertas e de múltipla escolha a 24 professores de dois estados mexicanos: San Luis Potosí e Veracruz. Os resultados mostram que os professores consideram que a modalidade de ensino remoto aumenta a defasagem educacional ou dificulta a aprendizagem. Além disso, possibilitam identificar as dificuldades previstas para o novo ano letivo (conexão à internet, explicação dos conteúdos e a comunicação com as famílias) e reconhecer que o WhatsApp tornou-se a principal alternativa para o desenvolvimento das aulas síncronas, o envio das atividades de ensino e para manter a comunicação com os alunos e suas famílias. Palavras-chave: representação dos professores, práticas de docentes, ensino remoto. Representaciones de los profesores de primarias rurales y urbano-marginadas sobre su trabajo durante el confinamiento por COVID-19 RESUMEN. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar las representaciones de profesores de primarias rurales y urbano-marginadas sobre su trabajo durante la pandemia por COVID-19 en el inicio del ciclo escolar 2020-2021. El referente teórico que orienta el estudio es la concepción de trabajo docente del interaccionismo sociodiscursivo, particularmente las dimensiones de trabajo representado y prescrito. Como parte de la metodología se aplicó un cuestionario con preguntas abiertas y de opción múltiple a 24 profesores de dos estados mexicanos: San Luis Potosí y Veracruz. Los resultados muestran que, para los profesores participantes, la educación a distancia aumenta el rezago educativo o dificulta el aprendizaje. Además, permiten identificar las dificultades previstas para el nuevo ciclo escolar (conexión a internet, explicación de contenidos y la comunicación con las familias) y reconocer que WhatsApp se convirtió en la principal alternativa para el desarrollo de las clases síncronas, el envío de tareas y la comunicación con los estudiantes y sus familias. Palabras clave: trabajo representado, prácticas docentes, enseñanza a distancia. The work represented of rural and urban-marginated elementary teachers during confinement by COVID-19 ABSTRACT. The aim of this research was to analyze the representations of rural and urban-marginalized elementary school teachers about their work during the COVID-19 pandemic at the beginning of the 2020-2021. The theoretical framework that guides the study is the sociodiscursive interactionism applied to the conception of teaching work, particularly the dimensions of represented and prescribed work. Part of the method was to apply a questionnaire with open and multiple-choice items that was supplied to 24 teachers from two Mexican states: San Luis Potosí and Veracruz. The results exibit that distance learning increases educational backwardness or hinders learning. Furthermore, they allow to identify the difficulties foreseen for the new school year (Internet connection, explanation of content and communication with families) and recognize that WhatsApp became the main alternative for the development of synchronous classes, sending assignments and communication with students and their families. Keywords: represented work, Docents practices, distance learning. Representações dos professores de ensino fundamental rural e urbano-marginalizado sobre o desempenho acadêmico no decorrer do confinamento pela COVID-19 O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar as representações dos professores de escolas primárias rurais e urbanas marginalizadas no decorrer da pandemia pela COVID-19 no início do ano letivo 2020-2021. O referencial teórico que orienta esta pesquisa é a concepção do trabalho docente do interacionismo sociodiscursivo, em particular as dimensões do trabalho representado e prescrito. Como parte da metodologia, aplicou-se um questionário com perguntas abertas e de múltipla escolha a 24 professores de dois estados mexicanos: San Luis Potosí e Veracruz. Os resultados mostram que os professores consideram que a modalidade de ensino remoto aumenta a defasagem educacional ou dificulta a aprendizagem. Além disso, possibilitam identificar as dificuldades previstas para o novo ano letivo (conexão à internet, explicação dos conteúdos e a comunicação com as famílias) e reconhecer que o WhatsApp tornou-se a principal alternativa para o desenvolvimento das aulas síncronas, o envio das atividades de ensino e para manter a comunicação com os alunos e suas famílias. Palavras-chave: representação dos professores, práticas de docentes, ensino remoto. Representaciones de los profesores de primarias rurales y urbano-marginadas sobre su trabajo durante el confinamiento por COVID-19 RESUMEN. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar las representaciones de profesores de primarias rurales y urbano-marginadas sobre su trabajo durante la pandemia por COVID-19 en el inicio del ciclo escolar 2020-2021. El referente teórico que orienta el estudio es la concepción de trabajo docente del interaccionismo sociodiscursivo, particularmente las dimensiones de trabajo representado y prescrito. Como parte de la metodología se aplicó un cuestionario con preguntas abiertas y de opción múltiple a 24 profesores de dos estados mexicanos: San Luis Potosí y Veracruz. Los resultados muestran que, para los profesores participantes, la educación a distancia aumenta el rezago educativo o dificulta el aprendizaje. Además, permiten identificar las dificultades previstas para el nuevo ciclo escolar (conexión a internet, explicación de contenidos y la comunicación con las familias) y reconocer que WhatsApp se convirtió en la principal alternativa para el desarrollo de las clases síncronas, el envío de tareas y la comunicación con los estudiantes y sus familias. Palabras clave: trabajo representado, prácticas docentes, enseñanza a distancia. The work represented of rural and urban-marginated elementary teachers during confinement by COVID-19 ABSTRACT. The aim of this research was to analyze the representations of rural and urban-marginalized elementary school teachers about their work during the COVID-19 pandemic at the beginning of the 2020-2021. The theoretical framework that guides the study is the sociodiscursive interactionism applied to the conception of teaching work, particularly the dimensions of represented and prescribed work. Part of the method was to apply a questionnaire with open and multiple-choice items that was supplied to 24 teachers from two Mexican states: San Luis Potosí and Veracruz. The results exibit that distance learning increases educational backwardness or hinders learning. Furthermore, they allow to identify the difficulties foreseen for the new school year (Internet connection, explanation of content and communication with families) and recognize that WhatsApp became the main alternative for the development of synchronous classes, sending assignments and communication with students and their families. Keywords: represented work, Docents practices, distance learning. Representações dos professores de ensino fundamental rural e urbano-marginalizado sobre o desempenho acadêmico no decorrer do confinamento pela COVID-19 O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar as representações dos professores de escolas primárias rurais e urbanas marginalizadas no decorrer da pandemia pela COVID-19 no início do ano letivo 2020-2021. O referencial teórico que orienta esta pesquisa é a concepção do trabalho docente do interacionismo sociodiscursivo, em particular as dimensões do trabalho representado e prescrito. Como parte da metodologia, aplicou-se um questionário com perguntas abertas e de múltipla escolha a 24 professores de dois estados mexicanos: San Luis Potosí e Veracruz. Os resultados mostram que os professores consideram que a modalidade de ensino remoto aumenta a defasagem educacional ou dificulta a aprendizagem. Além disso, possibilitam identificar as dificuldades previstas para o novo ano letivo (conexão à internet, explicação dos conteúdos e a comunicação com as famílias) e reconhecer que o WhatsApp tornou-se a principal alternativa para o desenvolvimento das aulas síncronas, o envio das atividades de ensino e para manter a comunicação com os alunos e suas famílias. Palavras-chave: representação dos professores, práticas de docentes, ensino remoto. Representaciones de los profesores de primarias rurales y urbano-marginadas sobre su trabajo durante el confinamiento por COVID-19 RESUMEN. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar las representaciones de profesores de primarias rurales y urbano-marginadas sobre su trabajo durante la pandemia por COVID-19 en el inicio del ciclo escolar 2020-2021. El referente teórico que orienta el estudio es la concepción de trabajo docente del interaccionismo sociodiscursivo, particularmente las dimensiones de trabajo representado y prescrito. Como parte de la metodología se aplicó un cuestionario con preguntas abiertas y de opción múltiple a 24 profesores de dos estados mexicanos: San Luis Potosí y Veracruz. Los resultados muestran que, para los profesores participantes, la educación a distancia aumenta el rezago educativo o dificulta el aprendizaje. Además, permiten identificar las dificultades previstas para el nuevo ciclo escolar (conexión a internet, explicación de contenidos y la comunicación con las familias) y reconocer que WhatsApp se convirtió en la principal alternativa para el desarrollo de las clases síncronas, el envío de tareas y la comunicación con los estudiantes y sus familias. Palabras clave: trabajo representado, prácticas docentes, enseñanza a distancia. The work represented of rural and urban-marginated elementary teachers during confinement by COVID-19 ABSTRACT. The aim of this research was to analyze the representations of rural and urban-marginalized elementary school teachers about their work during the COVID-19 pandemic at the beginning of the 2020-2021. The theoretical framework that guides the study is the sociodiscursive interactionism applied to the conception of teaching work, particularly the dimensions of represented and prescribed work. Part of the method was to apply a questionnaire with open and multiple-choice items that was supplied to 24 teachers from two Mexican states: San Luis Potosí and Veracruz. The results exibit that distance learning increases educational backwardness or hinders learning. Furthermore, they allow to identify the difficulties foreseen for the new school year (Internet connection, explanation of content and communication with families) and recognize that WhatsApp became the main alternative for the development of synchronous classes, sending assignments and communication with students and their families. Keywords: represented work, Docents practices, distance learning. Representações dos professores de ensino fundamental rural e urbano-marginalizado sobre o desempenho acadêmico no decorrer do confinamento pela COVID-19 O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar as representações dos professores de escolas primárias rurais e urbanas marginalizadas no decorrer da pandemia pela COVID-19 no início do ano letivo 2020-2021. O referencial teórico que orienta esta pesquisa é a concepção do trabalho docente do interacionismo sociodiscursivo, em particular as dimensões do trabalho representado e prescrito. Como parte da metodologia, aplicou-se um questionário com perguntas abertas e de múltipla escolha a 24 professores de dois estados mexicanos: San Luis Potosí e Veracruz. Os resultados mostram que os professores consideram que a modalidade de ensino remoto aumenta a defasagem educacional ou dificulta a aprendizagem. Além disso, possibilitam identificar as dificuldades previstas para o novo ano letivo (conexão à internet, explicação dos conteúdos e a comunicação com as famílias) e reconhecer que o WhatsApp tornou-se a principal alternativa para o desenvolvimento das aulas síncronas, o envio das atividades de ensino e para manter a comunicação com os alunos e suas famílias. Palavras-chave: representação dos professores, práticas de docentes, ensino remoto. Representaciones de los profesores de primarias rurales y urbano-marginadas sobre su trabajo durante el confinamiento por COVID-19 RESUMEN. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar las representaciones de profesores de primarias rurales y urbano-marginadas sobre su trabajo durante la pandemia por COVID-19 en el inicio del ciclo escolar 2020-2021. El referente teórico que orienta el estudio es la concepción de trabajo docente del interaccionismo sociodiscursivo, particularmente las dimensiones de trabajo representado y prescrito. Como parte de la metodología se aplicó un cuestionario con preguntas abiertas y de opción múltiple a 24 profesores de dos estados mexicanos: San Luis Potosí y Veracruz. Los resultados muestran que, para los profesores participantes, la educación a distancia aumenta el rezago educativo o dificulta el aprendizaje. Además, permiten identificar las dificultades previstas para el nuevo ciclo escolar (conexión a internet, explicación de contenidos y la comunicación con las familias) y reconocer que WhatsApp se convirtió en la principal alternativa para el desarrollo de las clases síncronas, el envío de tareas y la comunicación con los estudiantes y sus familias. Palabras clave: trabajo representado, prácticas docentes, enseñanza a distancia. The work represented of rural and urban-marginated elementary teachers during confinement by COVID-19 ABSTRACT. The aim of this research was to analyze the representations of rural and urban-marginalized elementary school teachers about their work during the COVID-19 pandemic at the beginning of the 2020-2021. The theoretical framework that guides the study is the sociodiscursive interactionism applied to the conception of teaching work, particularly the dimensions of represented and prescribed work. Part of the method was to apply a questionnaire with open and multiple-choice items that was supplied to 24 teachers from two Mexican states: San Luis Potosí and Veracruz. The results exibit that distance learning increases educational backwardness or hinders learning. Furthermore, they allow to identify the difficulties foreseen for the new school year (Internet connection, explanation of content and communication with families) and recognize that WhatsApp became the main alternative for the development of synchronous classes, sending assignments and communication with students and their families. Keywords: represented work, Docents practices, distance learning. Representações dos professores de ensino fundamental rural e urbano-marginalizado sobre o desempenho acadêmico no decorrer do confinamento pela COVID-19 O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar as representações dos professores de escolas primárias rurais e urbanas marginalizadas no decorrer da pandemia pela COVID-19 no início do ano letivo 2020-2021. O referencial teórico que orienta esta pesquisa é a concepção do trabalho docente do interacionismo sociodiscursivo, em particular as dimensões do trabalho representado e prescrito. Como parte da metodologia, aplicou-se um questionário com perguntas abertas e de múltipla escolha a 24 professores de dois estados mexicanos: San Luis Potosí e Veracruz. Os resultados mostram que os professores consideram que a modalidade de ensino remoto aumenta a defasagem educacional ou dificulta a aprendizagem. Além disso, possibilitam identificar as dificuldades previstas para o novo ano letivo (conexão à internet, explicação dos conteúdos e a comunicação com as famílias) e reconhecer que o WhatsApp tornou-se a principal alternativa para o desenvolvimento das aulas síncronas, o envio das atividades de ensino e para manter a comunicação com os alunos e suas famílias. Palavras-chave: representação dos professores, práticas de docentes, ensino remoto. Representaciones de los profesores de primarias rurales y urbano-marginadas sobre su trabajo durante el confinamiento por COVID-19 RESUMEN. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar las representaciones de profesores de primarias rurales y urbano-marginadas sobre su trabajo durante la pandemia por COVID-19 en el inicio del ciclo escolar 2020-2021. El referente teórico que orienta el estudio es la concepción de trabajo docente del interaccionismo sociodiscursivo, particularmente las dimensiones de trabajo representado y prescrito. Como parte de la metodología se aplicó un cuestionario con preguntas abiertas y de opción múltiple a 24 profesores de dos estados mexicanos: San Luis Potosí y Veracruz. Los resultados muestran que, para los profesores participantes, la educación a distancia aumenta el rezago educativo o dificulta el aprendizaje. Además, permiten identificar las dificultades previstas para el nuevo ciclo escolar (conexión a internet, explicación de contenidos y la comunicación con las familias) y reconocer que WhatsApp se convirtió en la principal alternativa para el desarrollo de las clases síncronas, el envío de tareas y la comunicación con los estudiantes y sus familias. Palabras clave: trabajo representado, prácticas docentes, enseñanza a distancia. The work represented of rural and urban-marginated elementary teachers during confinement by COVID-19 ABSTRACT. The aim of this research was to analyze the representations of rural and urban-marginalized elementary school teachers about their work during the COVID-19 pandemic at the beginning of the 2020-2021. The theoretical framework that guides the study is the sociodiscursive interactionism applied to the conception of teaching work, particularly the dimensions of represented and prescribed work. Part of the method was to apply a questionnaire with open and multiple-choice items that was supplied to 24 teachers from two Mexican states: San Luis Potosí and Veracruz. The results exibit that distance learning increases educational backwardness or hinders learning. Furthermore, they allow to identify the difficulties foreseen for the new school year (Internet connection, explanation of content and communication with families) and recognize that WhatsApp became the main alternative for the development of synchronous classes, sending assignments and communication with students and their families. Keywords: represented work, Docents practices, distance learning.

Published
2021

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