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Longitarsus leonardicarloi (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Alticini), new species belonging to Longitarsus anchusae species group is described from Turkmenistan. The new species is illustrated with images of male and female genitalia; dorsal, lateral, and frontal habiti; and protarsomeres of both sexes. It is compared with L. anchusae (Paykull), L. anatolicus Weise and L. hittita Biondi, which are illustrated with images of the median lobe of the aedeagi, dorsal and frontal habiti. A key to all species currently included in L. anchusae group is provided.

Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD), caused by infection with the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis, usually manifests as meningitis or septicemia and can be severe and life-threatening (1). Six serogroups (A, B, C, W, X, and Y) account for most cases (2). N. meningitidis is transmitted person-to-person via respiratory droplets and oropharyngeal secretions. Asymptomatic persons can carry N. meningitidis and transmit the bacteria to others, potentially causing illness among susceptible persons. Outbreaks can occur in conjunction with large gatherings (3,4). Vaccines are available to prevent meningococcal disease. Antibiotic prophylaxis for close contacts of infected persons is critical to preventing secondary cases (2)., Competing Interests: All authors have completed and submitted the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors form for disclosure of potential conflicts of interest. Jay Lucidarme, Stephen A. Clark, and Ray Borrow report performing contract research on behalf of the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) for GSK, Pfizer, and Sanofi. Muhamed-Kheir Taha reports performing contract research on behalf of the Institut Pasteur for GSK, Pfizer, and Sanofi. Shamez N. Ladhani reports performing contract research on behalf of the UKHSA and St. George’s University of London for GSK, Pfizer, Merck Sharp & Dohme, and Sanofi. Helen Campbell and Mary Ramsay report receipt of a recovery charge by the Immunisation and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Division at UKHSA for provision to vaccine manufacturers (GSK, Pfizer, and Sanofi) of postmarketing surveillance reports on meningococcal, Haemophilus influenzae, and pneumococcal infections, which are required by the U.K. Licensing Authority in compliance with their risk management strategy. Jennifer Zipprich reports that her spouse is employed by Pfizer. No other potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.

Background and Purpose: There are instances in which an estimate of the brain volume should be obtained from MRI in clinical practice. Our objective is to calculate cross-sectional robustness of a convolutional neural network (CNN) based software (Entelai Pic) for brain volume estimation and compare it to traditional software such as FreeSurfer, CAT12 and FSL in healthy controls (HC)., Materials and Methods: Sixteen HC were scanned four times, two different days on two different MRI scanners (1.5 T and 3 T). Volumetric T1-weighted images were acquired and post-processed with FreeSurfer v6.0.0, Entelai Pic v2, CAT12 v12.5 and FSL v5.0.9. Whole-brain, grey matter (GM), white matter (WM) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volumes were calculated. Correlation and agreement between methods was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland Altman plots. Robustness was assessed using the coefficient of variation (CV)., Results: Whole-brain volume estimation had better correlation between FreeSurfer and Entelai Pic (ICC (95% CI) 0.96 (0.94-0.97)) than FreeSurfer and CAT12 (0.92 (0.88-0.96)) and FSL (0.87 (0.79-0.91)). WM, GM and CSF showed a similar trend. Compared to FreeSurfer, Entelai Pic provided similarly robust segmentations of brain volumes both on same-scanner (mean CV 1.07, range 0.20-3.13% vs. mean CV 1.05, range 0.21-3.20%, p = 0.86) and on different-scanner variables (mean CV 3.84, range 2.49-5.91% vs. mean CV 3.84, range 2.62-5.13%, p = 0.96). Mean post-processing times were 480, 5, 40 and 5 min for FreeSurfer, Entelai Pic, CAT12 and FSL respectively., Conclusion: Based on robustness and processing times, our CNN-based model is suitable for cross-sectional volumetry on clinical practice., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: To investigate the diagnostic performance of an Artificial Intelligence (AI) system for detection of COVID-19 in chest radiographs (CXR), and compare results to those of physicians working alone, or with AI support., Materials and Methods: An AI system was fine-tuned to discriminate confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia, from other viral and bacterial pneumonia and non-pneumonia patients and used to review 302 CXR images from adult patients retrospectively sourced from nine different databases. Fifty-four physicians blind to diagnosis, were invited to interpret images under identical conditions in a test set, and randomly assigned either to receive or not receive support from the AI system. Comparisons were then made between diagnostic performance of physicians working with and without AI support. AI system performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC), and sensitivity and specificity of physician performance compared to that of the AI system., Results: Discrimination by the AI system of COVID-19 pneumonia showed an AUROC curve of 0.96 in the validation and 0.83 in the external test set, respectively. The AI system outperformed physicians in the AUROC overall (70% increase in sensitivity and 1% increase in specificity, p < 0.0001). When working with AI support, physicians increased their diagnostic sensitivity from 47% to 61% (p < 0.001), although specificity decreased from 79% to 75% (p = 0.007)., Conclusions: Our results suggest interpreting chest radiographs (CXR) supported by AI, increases physician diagnostic sensitivity for COVID-19 detection. This approach involving a human-machine partnership may help expedite triaging efforts and improve resource allocation in the current crisis., Competing Interests: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Mauricio F. Farez has received professional travel/accommodations stipends from Merck-Serono Argentina, Teva Argentina and Novartis Argentina. The rest of the authors declare no competing interests., (© 2020 Elsevier B.V.)

Background: Patients with mental disorders are treated in different care sectors and professional disciplines. In Germany, differential indication between psychiatric and psychosomatic care, between regular hospitals and psychosomatic rehabilitation clinics as well as between outpatient, day clinic, and inpatient treatment is not precise. Differential decisions for the treatment in specific sectors are not discernable., Objective: Overview of empiric evidence about differential indication criteria., Methods: Evidence for eligible differential allocation criteria is presented., Results: Patient criteria are categorized into medical criteria, treatment needs, and individual features. Seldom, indication criteria suggest or eliminate a certain care sector., Discussion: Evidence generally is scarce and is limited to comparisons of patients already treated in different care sectors. To describe differential indication criteria and allocation decisions the structure of the mental health care system must be included., Conclusion: Meaningful studies about differential indication for patients with mental disorders are needed. Perspectives for systematic treatment allocation are discussed., Competing Interests: Die Autoren geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht., (© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.)

The production of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Brazil exhibits the highest growth rate in the world and represents approximately 45% of the total fish production. The objective of the present study was to assess the risk for human health due the consumption of tilapia farmed in net cages in eight aquaculture parks in Brazil. The concentrations of pesticides (40 compounds), metals (Mn, Ni, Zn, Cd, Pb, and Sn), arsenic, and cyanotoxins (microcystins) were evaluated in 16 fish from each park. Among analyzed pesticides, pyraclostrobin (0.18-0.32 mg/kg) and fenthion (0.0026-0.0037 mg/kg) exhibited values above the limit of quantification in the tilapia from Aracoiaba, Castanhão, and Ilha Solteira. The highest concentrations of As (0.44 μg/g) in fish tissues were found in Juara, Mn (0.21 μg/g) in Castanhão, and Zi (11.5 μg/g) were found in Três Marias. Furnas and Linhares exhibited the lowest metal concentrations. The estimated daily intake of muscle by the average Brazilian with 70 kg body weight is below the reference dose for all studied metals in all parks. Total free microcystins showed an accumulation pattern (muscle < gill < liver). The highest concentration in muscle was found in Castanhão (1043 μg/kg) samples. The results showed that fish exhibited metal, As, and pesticide tolerable daily intake (TDI) below the limit and pose low risk for human consumption. Otherwise, TDI for microcystins in fish of all studied parks was above the maximum level recommended by the World Health Organization, indicating that there exists a toxicity risk of fish consumption.

Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii is a potentially toxic freshwater cyanobacterium that can tolerate a wide range of light and temperature. Due to climatic changes, the interaction between light and temperature is studied in aquatic systems, but no study has addressed the effect of both variables on the saxitoxins production. This study evaluated the combined effect of light and temperature on saxitoxins production and cellular quota in C. raciborskii . Experiments were performed with three C. raciborskii strains in batch cultures under six light intensities (10, 40, 60, 100, 150, and 500 μmol of photons m -2 s -1 ) and four temperatures (15, 20, 25, and 30 °C). The growth of C. raciborskii strains was limited at lower temperatures and the maximum growth rates were obtained under higher light combined with temperatures equal or above 20 °C, depending on the strain. In general, growth was highest at 30 °C at the lower light intensities and equally high at 25 °C and 30 °C under higher light. Highest saxitoxins concentration and cell-quota occurred at 25 °C under high light intensities, but were much lower at 30 °C. Hence, increased temperatures combined with sufficient light will lead to higher C. raciborskii biomass, but blooms could become less toxic in tropical regions.

Background: The aim was to develop further a screening instrument for complex posttraumatic stress disorder (cPTSD). The screening for cPTSD (SkPTBS) tests a) potential traumatic experiences, b) influential features and risk factors, and c) symptoms of cPTSD. The SkPTBS by Dorr et al. (2016) was revised according to the current ICD-11 criteria set proposal for cPTSD and is explored in its revised edition., Method: Impacts of long-lasting interpersonal trauma were tested in inpatients of psychosomatic rehabilitation and in patients consulting a university outpatient center for trauma therapy. Patients filled out the screening at the beginning of their treatment (N=525, among these n=359 rehabilitation patients and n=157 in the outpatient center, mean age 48 years, 68% female). Later diagnosed complex PTSD as well as results of the SCID and the Interview for complex PTSD (IkPTBS) served as primary validation criteria., Results: 88 patients (17%) were diagnosed with complex PTSD. Metric SkPTBS items were selective and the scale had an internal reliability of Cronbachs α=0.91. The one-dimensional factor structure was replicated. SkPTBS correlated moderately with posttraumatic symptoms measured by IES-15, with dissociative symptoms (DES-Taxon), depressive symptoms (in BDI-II, PHQ-9), and global symptom severity (in SCL-90-R). Finally, norms for different groups of age, diagnosis and treatment settings were developed., Conclusion: The SkPTBS revision is a feasible and brief instrument to identify patients at risk for complex PTSD. It is provided freely and can be applied for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes., Competing Interests: Die Autoren geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht., (© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.)

The diversity and flexibility of life offers a wide variety of molecules and systems useful for biosensing. A biosensor device should be robust, specific and reliable. Inorganic arsenic is a highly toxic water contaminant with worldwide distribution that poses a threat to public health. With the goal of developing an arsenic biosensor, we designed an incoherent feed-forward loop (I-FFL) genetic circuit to correlate its output pulse with the input signal in a relatively time-independent manner. The system was conceived exclusively based on the available BioBricks in the iGEM Registry of Standard Biological Parts. The expected behavior in silico was achieved; upon arsenic addition, the system generates a short-delayed reporter protein pulse that is dose dependent to the contaminant levels. This work is an example of the power and variety of the iGEM Registry of Standard Biological Parts, which can be reused in different sophisticated system designs like I-FFLs. Besides the scientific results, one of the main impacts of this synthetic biology project is the influence it had on team's members training and career choices which are summarized at the end of this article., (© The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press.)

Chronic interpersonal traumata systematically result in psychological impairments referred to as complex post-traumatic stress disorder (cPTSD or DESNOS). This diagnosis will be newly established in the ICD-11 system. However, there is need for diagnostic instruments to assess cPTSD. The aim was to develop a screening form to identify patients at risk for cPTSD. The Screening for complex PTSD (SkPTBS) tests a) experience of potential traumatic events, b) related influential features and risk factors, and c) symptoms of cPTSD. 325 patients (mean age 51.5±8.7 years; 62.1% female) filled out the screening instrument at the beginning of their inpatient psychotherapy. The primary criterion for testing SkPTBS validity was the diagnosis of complex PTSD at the end of the inpatient treatment. The proportion of patients with cPTSD was 8.9% (n=29). SkPTBS items were selective, and the scale showed very good reliability (α=0.91). Factor analysis revealed a one-dimensional structure. SkPTBS total values predicted having cPTSD diagnosis and were correlated with global symptom severity (SCL-90-R) and depressive symptoms (BDI-II). There is evidence for high clinical utility of SkPTBS. A revised version was developed., (© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.)