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Finding reliable and robust criteria for the detection of broken bars in induction motors is key for the maintenance of industrial engines, and some of the most efficient methods analyze the stator start-up current. Due to the transitory characteristics and short duration of the signal, suitable time-frequency mathematical tools are very useful for this purpose. We propose here algorithms based on the discrete wavelet and wavelet packet transform, combined with other tools in signal processing, to offer an accurate quantitative method for failure detection due to broken bars in induction motors. A good selection of the wavelet family is important for a good performance of the indicator, and the discrete approximation of the Meyer wavelet, ‘dmeyer’, consistently demonstrates the most favorable results. Our findings highlight the effectiveness of both the wavelet and wavelet packet transforms in accurately detecting broken bars in induction motors. This fact allows optimal monitoring strategies in industrial applications.

Bird populations associated with agricultural ecosystems have declined markedly in Europe during the last quarter of the 20th century due to land-use intensification. This has meant that some very common species, in some cases even species considered as pests, are now threatened or subject to management programs to ensure their conservation. Considered pests of crops and predators of small game species, corvids are among the most persecuted common farmland birds. The consideration that these birds are pests lacks any scientific evaluation and is justified by the subjective impression that they are abundant. Here, using estimates of absolute and relative abundances of both the total and the breeding population, we show how jackdaws Corvus monedula have shown a marked negative population trend in central Spain during the last 40 years. Decline involves the loss of multiple colonies, the apparent absence of the species as a breeder in riverside forests, and an overall numerical decrease of about 75% (from 35,000 to 9000 individuals) according to counts in communal roosts. The population decline seems to be more pronounced in areas where land use has been intensified, probably in response to the reduction in the availability of once-abundant food (i.e., invertebrates and weed seeds) but also due to more direct effects such as intoxication and medium to long-term accumulation of agricultural pollutants which may have also affected reproduction and survival. Intensive hunting over decades has undoubtedly contributed to this decline and should therefore be made forbidden urgently. Generally, it seems that high-intensity agricultural management more drastically affects smaller and less adaptable common species, which are expected to decline before and at a higher extent and magnitude than jackdaws. Given that global population estimates based on direct counts of individuals are readily achievable through simultaneous counts in communal roosts, the jackdaw can serve as a model for assessing temporal trends potentially linked to large-scale anthropogenic modifications of open and agricultural environments.

Abstract Quantifying space use and segregation, as well as the extrinsic and intrinsic factors affecting them, is crucial to increase our knowledge of species‐specific movement ecology and to design effective management and conservation measures. This is particularly relevant in the case of species that are highly mobile and dependent on sparse and unpredictable trophic resources, such as vultures. Here, we used the GPS‐tagged data of 127 adult Griffon Vultures Gyps fulvus captured at five different breeding regions in Spain to describe the movement patterns (home‐range size and fidelity, and monthly cumulative distance). We also examined how individual sex, season, and breeding region determined the cumulative distance traveled and the size and overlap between consecutive monthly home‐ranges. Overall, Griffon Vultures exhibited very large annual home‐range sizes of 5027 ± 2123 km2, mean monthly cumulative distances of 1776 ± 1497 km, and showed a monthly home‐range fidelity of 67.8 ± 25.5%. However, individuals from northern breeding regions showed smaller home‐ranges and traveled shorter monthly distances than those from southern ones. In all cases, home‐ranges were larger in spring and summer than in winter and autumn, which could be related to difference in flying conditions and food requirements associated with reproduction. Moreover, females showed larger home‐ranges and less monthly fidelity than males, indicating that the latter tended to use the similar areas throughout the year. Overall, our results indicate that both extrinsic and intrinsic factors modulate the home‐range of the Griffon Vulture and that spatial segregation depends on sex and season at the individual level, without relevant differences between breeding regions in individual site fidelity. These results have important implications for conservation, such as identifying key threat factors necessary to improve management actions and policy decisions.

Household waste landfills represent a huge source of trophic resources for opportunistic and versatile wildlife species. Among them, the red kite (Milvus milvus) is one of the most endangered in Europe. Several studies have pointed out the importance of landfills as a source of food for this species during the wintering season, but the information on the frequency, seasonal and daily patterns of use, and age of red kites that exploit this food source is still insufficient to understand their actual role in conservation. In this study, we evaluated the patterns of use of household waste by overwintering red kites in southeastern Madrid, central Spain. The results showed the constant presence of relatively low numbers (Oryctolagus cuniculus), which is quantitatively very relevant compared to household waste obtained from the landfill. This suggests a relatively low quantitative importance of landfills as foraging grounds for the increasing population of wintering red kites in the study area. Instead, the high regional density of wild rabbits attracts large numbers of red kites that can eventually use landfills as a non-optimal last-resort foraging option, owing to the predictability of household waste, especially for juveniles. The continuous presence of red kites in landfills likely influences an uninformed positive perception about their relevance to the conservation of the wintering population, despite risks there faced, such as collision, electrocution, and intoxication. Future research is needed to assess in depth the influence of wild rabbits in Spain on the habitat use and global population dynamics of red kites.

Let X be a compact metric space and a continuous map f:X→X which defines a discrete dynamical system (X,f). The map f induces two natural maps, namely f¯:K(X)→K(X) on the hyperspace K(X) of non-empty compact subspaces of X and the Zadeh’s extension f^:F(X)→F(X) on the space F(X) of normal fuzzy set. In this work, we analyze the interaction of some orbit tracing dynamical properties, namely the specification and shadowing properties of the discrete dynamical system (X,f) and its induced discrete dynamical systems (K(X),f¯) and (F(X),f^). Adding an algebraic structure yields stronger conclusions, and we obtain a full characterization of the specification property in the hyperspace, in the fuzzy space, and in the phase space X if we assume that the later is a convex compact subset of a (metrizable and complete) locally convex space and f is a linear operator.

De la cancillería de Leonor Plantagenet, reina consorte de Castilla, se conocía hasta hoy un solo diploma expedido en abril de 1179 y actualmente conservado en el Archivo Capitular de Toledo. Pero se tenía noticia de una emisión diplomática en noviembre del mismo año que se encontraba originalmente en el archivo medieval del Hospital del Rey de Burgos y que estaba hasta ahora extraviada. El propietario de este pergamino ha dado la noticia de su existencia a los autores de este estudio, que ofrecen aquí un análisis histórico, paleográfico y diplomático, además de una trascripción íntegra del texto latino, hasta hoy absolutamente desconocido. Este hallazgo confirma la primicia que significó, para los reinos hispánicos de la Edad Media, la gestación de una casa y cámara de la consorte regia, así como la capacidad dispositiva suficiente y autónoma de bienes del realengo que tuvo la mujer de Alfonso VIII.

Context: High levels of mental illness are found today in the population of Chile and the consumption of medicinal herbs could be included in the scope of complementary therapies for the treatment of mental illnesses. In Chile there is no information respect to consumption of medicinal herbs in patients under psychological treatment. Aims: To characterize the consumption of medicinal herbs by patients treated in a mental health clinic. Methods: In this quantitative cross-sectional study (n = 100), patients were administered a closed-response survey to determine the frequency of medicinal plant consumption as complementary treatment and subsequently to characterize such consumption. Results: Among the patients surveyed, 36% consumed medicinal herbs to treat a psychological pathology as a complementary treatment. Among those who consumed medicinal herbs, 65% consumed Cannabis sativa (marijuana) either exclusively (42%) or in conjunction with other plants (23%), 80% reported that their therapist was aware of this behavior, and 35% consumed medicinal herbs once or twice a day. Conclusions: In the present study, there was significant use of medicinal plants by patients treated at the mental health clinic, especially marijuana consuming. This demonstrates the importance of recognizing citizens´ right to free and equal access to healthcare and acknowledging the responsibility of the state to ensure the safety and quality of the services offered to the population.

Given a continuous map f:X→X on a metric space, it induces the maps f¯:K(X)→K(X), on the hyperspace of nonempty compact subspaces of X, and f^:F(X)→F(X), on the space of normal fuzzy sets, consisting of the upper semicontinuous functions u:X→[0,1] with compact support. Each of these spaces can be endowed with a respective metric. In this work, we studied the relationships among the dynamical systems (X,f), (K(X),f¯), and (F(X),f^). In particular, we considered several dynamical properties related to chaos: Devaney chaos, A-transitivity, Li–Yorke chaos, and distributional chaos, extending some results in work by Jardón, Sánchez and Sanchis (Mathematics 2020, 8, 1862) and work by Bernardes, Peris and Rodenas (Integr. Equ. Oper. Theory 2017, 88, 451–463). Especial attention is given to the dynamics of (continuous and linear) operators on metrizable topological vector spaces (linear dynamics).

Las Autopromociones de Telemadrid

Knowledge about the population size and trends of common bird species is crucial for setting conservation priorities and management actions. Multi-species large-scale monitoring schemes have often provided such estimates relying on extrapolation of relative abundances in particular habitats to large-scale areas. Here we show an alternative to inference-rich predictive models, proposing methods to deal with caveats of population size estimations in habitat-specialist species, reed warblers (Acrocephalus scirpaceus and Acrocephalus arundinaceus). Reed warblers were only found in pure reedbeds within riparian woodlands or in riparian vegetation scattered within or around reedbed patches, as expected according to their habitat specialization. The proportion of individuals located in reedbed associated with lotic and lentic waters differed between species, and no reed warbler was recorded in reedbed located along dry streams. This indicates that microhabitat features or their effects on reedbed structure and other factors made a proportion of the apparently available habitat unsuitable for both warbler species. Most warblers detected were males performing territorial singing (females seldom sing and do not perform elaborate territorial song, and are undistinguishable from males by plumage). The regional population sizes of the warbler species (~4000 individuals of A. scirpaceus and ~ 1000 individuals of A. arundinaceus) were much smaller than those estimated for the same area by transforming relative abundance obtained at a national scale to population size through extrapolation by habitat at a regional scale. These results highlight the importance of considering the habitat actually used and its suitability, the manner of sex-related detection, population sex-ratio and their interactions in population estimates. Ideally, the value of predictive methods to estimate population size of common species should be tested before conducting large-scale monitoring, rather than a posteriori. Although logistically challenging, this can be achieved by designing monitoring programs including an intensive sampling of abundance in ad hoc reference areas of variable size.

Objetivo: Demostrar que la terapia de resolución de problemas es eficaz para disminuir la carga en los cuidadores de niños con parálisis cerebral. Diseño: Ensayo clínico aleatorizado. Emplazamiento: Consulta de atención primaria dentro de una asociación privada no lucrativa. Participantes: Ciento cuarenta cuidadores divididos en un grupo control (GC) y un grupo experimental (GE). Intervenciones: Se realizó en ambos grupos una intervención psicosocial con una frecuencia de una sesión por semana durante 3 semanas a completar 120 min. En el GE se realizó una forma acortada de terapia de resolución de problemas con enfoque en la carga del cuidador y en el GC se realizó una intervención educativa con enfoque en enfermedades respiratorias. Mediciones: principales La variable respuesta corresponde a la puntuación obtenida mediante el cuestionario Zarit. La variable independiente correspondió a la intervención psicosocial. Resultados: En el GE, de acuerdo con la puntuación del cuestionario Zarit, se obtuvo un promedio preintervención de 45,0 puntos contra 45,3 puntos en el GC; tras la intervención se obtuvo un promedio Zarit de 29,8 puntos en el GE y de 44,3 puntos en el GC (p

Desde su consolidación como género, en el Siglo XVIII, hasta su aparente regeneración irónica en el Postmodernismo, la novela moderna ha experimentado notables alteraciones estructurales. Algunas de las más salientes son la reducción de la figura del narrador autorial, el progresivo abandono de consensuales parámetros caracterológicos y morales, la gravitación del acontecer temático hacia la esfera de la subjetividad y la creciente eminencia de lo trivial o del detalle perceptual. ¿A qué se deben estas transformaciones de la matriz narrativa? El presente ensayo sugiere que ellas responden a mutaciones de la conciencia moderna, en especial a la completa inversión del impulso metafísico, bajo el influjo de la imagen científica de seres y circunstancias y del anhelo humano de una visión religiosa y redentora. Se indican desarrollos paralelos en la poesía lírica y en la filosofía. From its consolidation as genre in the eighteenth century, to its apparent ironic regeneration in the Post-Modernity, the modern novel has experienced notable structural alterations. Some of the more salient ones are the reduction of the figure of the author-narrator, the progressive abandonment of the character and moral consensus parameters, the gravitation of the thematic occurrence towards the sphere of subjectivity and the growing eminence of the trivial or perceptual detail. To what is owed these transformations of the narrative matrix? This essay suggests that they respond to the mutations of the modern consiousness, especially to the complete inversion of the metaphysical impulse, under the influence of the scientific image of the beings and circumstances and the human yearning for a religious and redeeming vision. Developing parallels are indicated in the lyric poetry and in philosophy.

En este trabajo se traza un bosquejo de la presente situación intelectual, caracterizada como relativización de la racionalidad, y sus consecuencias: el llamado multiculturalismo y la incertidumbre e indefensión de principios cognoscitivos y éticos. Se sugiere reafirmar la posición universalista del estudioso latinoamericano y revisar el concepto de cultura europea. In this paper the author presents a description of the intellectual climate of the times. He finds it characterized by the relativization of rationality. Its consequences are so-called multiculturalism and the uncertainty and defenselessness of cognitive and ethical principles. Some suggestions address the position of Latinamerican thought and the concept of European culture.

El artículo estudia la heráldica los linajes vinculados al Castillo de Portillo, desde el reinado de Enrique IV de Castilla (1454).

Desde hace medio siglo el análisis polínico de sedimentos fósiles viene consolidándose como una de las principales disciplinas que facilitan información acerca de la evolución de los paisajes vegetales a lo largo del tiempo. La utilidad de esta metodología se fundamenta en su carácter cuantitativo. El reconocimiento y recuento de un elevado número de granos de polen y la consideración de las correspondientes variaciones de los porcentajes en relación a las tasas reconocidas de polinización de las distintas especies permite apreciar las fluctuaciones que ha sufrido la vegetación a lo largo del tiempo. Dichas variaciones resultan habitualmente correlacionables con los cambios climáticos, pero en los tiempos recientes responden también a las modificaciones producidas por las actividades humanas, lo cual no es siempre fácilmente separable. En el presente artículo vamos a abordar temas relacionados con la metodología paleopolínica, una breve historia sobre los análisis polínicos realizados en España, para finalmente concluir con una interpretación geobotánica deducida a partir de los resultados procedentes de dichos análisis, centrándonos fundamentalmente en las últimas fases del Cuaternario.

Se valoraron los supuestos teóricos y empíricos que permiten a los sistemas empresariales formar sistemas productivos en los municipios cubanos; se detall ó el uso de la metodología del Clúster Mapping de M. Porter, en la construcción de agrupaciones productivas en consejos populares que asegura la inserción de iniciativas municipales para el desarrollo local. Como resultados de la investigación, se prop uso la clusterización de actividades productivas para desarrollar vínculos entre las actividades empresariales locales y las sectoriales

Given any continuous increasing function ϕ:[0,+∞[→]0,+∞[ such that lim⁡t→∞log⁡ϕ(t)/log⁡t=+∞, we show that there are harmonic functions H on ℝN satisfying the inequality |H(x)|≤ϕ(∥x∥) for every x∈ℝN, which are universal with respect to translations. This answers positively a problem of D. H. Armitage (2005). The proof combines techniques of Dynamical Systems and Operator Theory, and it does not need any result from Harmonic Analysis.

The experimental study and transplantation of pancreatic islets requires their isolation from the surrounding tissue, and therefore, from the vasculature. Under these conditions, avascular islets rely on the diffusion of peripheral oxygen and nutrients to comply with the requirements of islet cells while responding to changes in body glucose. As a complement to the experimental work, computational models have been widely used to estimate how avascular islets would be affected by the hypoxic conditions found both in culture and transplant sites. However, previous models have been based on simplified representations of pancreatic islets which has limited the reach of the simulations performed. Aiming to contribute with a more realistic model of avascular human islets, in this work we used architectures of human islets reconstructed from experimental data to simulate the availability of oxygen for α, β and δ-cells, emulating culture and transplant conditions at different glucose concentrations. The modeling approach proposed allowed us to quantitatively estimate how the loss of cells due to severe hypoxia would impact interactions between islet cells, ultimately segregating the islet into disconnected subnetworks. According to the simulations performed, islet encapsulation, by reducing the oxygen available within the islets, could severely compromise cell viability. Moreover, our model suggests that even without encapsulation, only microislets composed of less than 100 cells would remain viable in oxygenation conditions found in transplant sites. Overall, in this article we delineate a novel modeling methodology to simulate detailed avascular islets in experimental and transplant conditions with potential applications in the field of islet encapsulation. Author summary: Pancreatic islets are clusters of cells dispersed throughout the pancreas that play a critical role for the regulation of blood glucose in the human body. Islets are mainly composed of α, β and δ-cells that respectively secrete glucagon, insulin and somatostatin in response to glucose changes. When islets are isolated, either to use them for transplantation for the treatment of type 1 diabetes or to study them experimentally, they are removed from the vasculature, thus limiting the oxygenation and nutrition of islet cells. Moreover, aiming to protect transplanted islets from the immune system, encapsulation of isolated islets is intensively explored. Under these conditions, isolated islets, either naked or encapsulated, rely entirely on the diffusion of oxygen and nutrients available in their surroundings until a new functional vasculature is developed. In this work, we use a detailed computational model of avascular islets based on reconstructed architectures of human islets to study how the availability of oxygen and glucose impacts the viability and connectivity of islet cells emulating experimental and transplant conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]