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The use of Surface Wave Methods for the characterization of the shear wave velocity profile of the soil has become increasingly attractive due to its non-invasive nature and its ability to provide information at a larger scale. Their main drawbacks are the non-uniqueness of the solution and high uncertainty of the results at higher depths. Its application in dense urban areas can be challenging due to the proximity to underground structures, high background noise level and space limitations. This paper describes a case study on the use of surface wave based methods on stiff soil in urban environment within a confined area located in Lisbon city, Portugal, surrounded by buildings and between an underground car park and the subway tunnel. The old building, built in the study area, was demolished for the construction of a new building with five basement floors. During this process, passive and active linear array and passive three-component single-station measurements were made at the surface level, before the works started, and at 2 deeper excavation levels. The results obtained using shallow and in depth measurements were compared, including HVSR and Rayleigh wave ellipticity curves and V s profiles obtained through the conventional MASW method and through the joint inversion of both Rayleigh wave dispersion and ellipticity curves. A deeper V s profile with low uncertainty was obtained through the joint analysis of Rayleigh wave dispersion and ellipticity curves, compatible with V s profile obtained in depth.

The Platform for Atlantic Geohazard Risk Management (AGEO) is a new project co-financed under the Interreg Programme for the Atlantic Area which aims to launch five Citizens’ Observatory pilots on geohazards according to regional priorities:Citizens’ observatory on rockfalls and rockfall-triggers in the Canary Islands, Spain Peat-slides and peat massmovement monitoring and control in Cuilcagh Mountain, Northern Ireland Multihazard Citizens’ Observatory in Lisbon, Portugal Citizens’ observatory of slope instability monitoring along the Cliffs of Moher, Ireland Citizens’ observatory of vulnerability to coastal Risks in Brittany, france These will demonstrate how citizens’ involvement in geohazard risks prevention can strengthen regional and national risk management systems. Instituto Superior Técnico (Portugal) leads the consortium of AGEO that also counts with several other partners from Portugal, Spain, France, Ireland and the United Kingdom.AGEO will engage with local communities to actively participate in risk preparedness and monitoring and incorporate local capacities into risk management systems. Experiences gained during the implementation of the Citizens’ Observatory pilots will be used to formulate recommendations for the creation of future observatories in response to the widest range of hazards (both natural and human-induced) faced in the Atlantic region.The Observatories are part of the phenomenon of citizen science. As defined by the EC, “Citizens' Observatories are community-based environmental monitoring and information systems. They build on innovative and novel Earth observation applications embedded in portable or mobile personal devices. This means that citizens can help and be engaged in observing our environment.”There are many other definitions, as it is still a novel concept, but for this project the one above will be used. It is an observatory in a sense that we need careful monitoring of the risks that will be defined per region in line with a set of parameters to be defined through engaging with participating citizens to be filled in by the participating citizens. This approach lends the opportunity of collecting large amounts of data for very little to no money with the added bonus of the territorial coverage such approach can grant. Additionally, spatial data infrastructures and services already in place, e.g. Copernicus, will support the assessment and monitoring of geohazards and risk management systems.AGEO is also organizing workshops in each participating region to ensure the citizens understand the role they play in preventing and mitigating natural risks by being part of the observatories and hopefully encouraging new members to join. These workshops will be held in the national language of the region and are to be tailored to the different audiences and will democratize the use of the observatories by listening to the people using them and taking into account their needs.

Shear wave velocity profile and bedrock depth are key parameters for seismic site response estimationand a reliable tool to evaluate liquefaction potential in soil deposits. They can be determined using in situ geotechnical tests such as the seismic Cross-Hole (CH), seismic Cone Penetration Test (SCPT),seismic Dilatometer Test (SDMT), or through geophysical surface wave methods. The main advantagesof surface wave methods are their non-invasive nature and the ability to characterize the shear wavevelocity of the soil at a larger scale. However, the investigation depth in general is less than 20 m. Usingthe Rayleigh ellipticity curve to constrain the dispersion curve from active and/or passive measurements,deeper Vs-profile is obtained.In this study, the Vs profile of the soil at a site located over Lower Tagus alluvial Valley was obtainedusing different surface wave methods. For this purpose, ambient vibration measurements using a singlethree-component seismic station were made, to complement active and passive linear measurements.The Rayleigh wave ellipticity curve was computed from the single station recordings using the RayDecmethod and dispersion curves were estimated with the array recordings processed using f-k based methods: MASW, ReMi and conventional f-k method for non-linear array data.A joint inversionprocedure was applied to the data and the results were compared with Vs profiles obtained from directmeasurements with Cross-Hole and SDMT tests. The results show that considering the passive ellipticitycurve in the joint inversion process with the dispersion curve, it is possible to obtain deeper and less scattered Vs profiles.

RESUMO: Introdução: O uso de polifarmácia pode ser resultante da presença concomitante de condições crônicas, atendimento por diversos médicos e automedicação. Combinada com a vulnerabilidade de idosos aos efeitos dos medicamentos devido a alterações farmacocinéticas e farmacodinâmicas, a polifarmácia torna essa população mais suscetível a desfechos adversos. No Brasil, estudos mostram que a polifarmácia é um problema frequente entre idosos, mas faltam informações sobre sua associação com mortalidade. Objetivo: Avaliar a sobrevida de idosos do município de São Paulo expostos ao uso de polifarmácia (cinco ou mais medicamentos). Métodos: Trata-se de uma coorte de base populacional, o Estudo Saúde, Bem-Estar e Envelhecimento (Sabe), da qual se pesquisou o seguimento de 2006 a 2010. A amostra foi composta por 1.258 indivíduos com 60 anos ou mais. O método de Kaplan-Meier e o modelo de riscos proporcionais de Cox foram usados para examinar a associação entre mortalidade e polifarmácia. Resultados: A probabilidade de sobrevida após cinco anos dos indivíduos usuários de polifarmácia na linha de base foi de 77,2%, enquanto nos não usuários foi de 85,5%. Apolifarmácia permaneceu como fator de risco para óbito mesmo após ajuste de demais condições associadas à mortalidade, como idade, sexo, renda, doenças crônicas e internação hospitalar. Conclusão: Os resultados apontam para a polifarmácia como um preditor de mortalidade para pessoas idosas. O uso de múltiplos medicamentos por idosos deve ser cuidadosamente avaliado para evitar ou minimizar danos a essa população. ABSTRACT: Introduction: The use of polypharmacy may be due to the concomitant presence of chronic conditions, medical care by several doctors simultaneously and self-medication. Combined with the vulnerability of the elderly to the effects of drugs due to pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes, polypharmacy makes this population more susceptible to adverse outcomes. In Brazil, studies show that polypharmacy is a common problem among elderly people. However, few information is available on the association between polypharmacy and mortality. Objective: It was assessed the survival of the elderly from São Paulo city exposed to the use of polypharmacy (five or more medications). Methods: That was a population-based cohort, the Health, Well-Being and Aging Study (SABE Study), conducted from 2006 to 2010. The sample was composed of 1,258 individuals aged 60 years or more. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional risks model were used to examine the association between polypharmacy and mortality. Results: The probability of survival after five years of the users of polypharmacy at baseline was 77.2%, while among the non-users was 85.5%. Polypharmacy remained as a risk factor for death even after adjustment in other conditions associated with mortality, such as age, gender, income, chronic diseases and hospitalization. Conclusion: The results point polypharmacy as an indicator of mortality in elderly people. The use of multiple medications by the elderly should be carefully assessed to avoid or minimize the damage to this population.

Surface geophysical methods main advantages are the strong theoretical basis and its non-invasive nature, while the main shortcoming is the non-uniqueness of the solution. In this study, several single-station ambient noise and active array measurements were used to identify the shear wave velocity soil profiles at two sites located over an alluvial basin and with a non-uniform geological structure. The soil profiles were determined through the MASW method and through the joint inversion of Rayleigh wave ellipticity and dispersion curves. This paper shows that from joint analysis of different Rayleigh wave data deeper and less scatter V s profiles are obtained and a better assessment of the bedrock depth is provided.

The effect of ground stratification on the seismic response of circular tunnels is investigated, as most practice-oriented studies consider homogeneous ground. A finite element plain-strain model of a circular tunnel cross-section embedded in a two-layered ground is used to highlight the influence of stratification on the tunnel׳s seismic response. The layers interface was placed at the crown, centre and invert level. It is proved that ground stratification has an important role in the lining seismic forces. When the tunnel is fully embedded in one of the layers, the seismic lining forces may vary significantly in comparison with the single-layer case. If the tunnel intercepts both layers, maximum lining forces aggravation occurs when the lower layer is very stiff.

No Brasil, são escassos os estudos sobre estratégias para a segurança do paciente no processo de uso de medicamentos após a alta hospitalar, o que dificulta o conhecimento sobre a atuação de hospitais brasileiros nessa área. Neste artigo, buscou-se compreender a dinâmica e os desafios do cuidado fornecido ao paciente pela equipe hospitalar, visando à segurança no processo de uso de medicamentos após a alta hospitalar. Realizou-se pesquisa exploratória por meio de entrevistas com médicos, enfermeiros, farmacêuticos e assistentes sociais do Hospital Universitário da Universidade de São Paulo. Foram pesquisadas as atividades de cuidado com a farmacoterapia durante e após a hospitalização, incluindo o acesso a medicamentos após alta, a existência de articulação do hospital com outros serviços de saúde, e barreiras para desenvolver essas atividades. A principal estratégia adotada é a orientação de alta, realizada de forma estruturada, principalmente para cuidadores de pacientes pediátricos. Em situações específicas, ocorre mobilização da equipe para viabilização do acesso a medicamentos prescritos na alta. Reconciliação medicamentosa está em fase de implantação, e visita domiciliar é realizada apenas para pacientes críticos com problemas de locomoção. As principais barreiras identificadas foram insuficiência de recursos humanos e falta de tecnologias de informação. Conclui-se que são desenvolvidas algumas estratégias, porém com limitações e sem articulação adequada com outros serviços de saúde para a continuidade do cuidado. Isto sugere a necessidade de concentração de esforços para transpor as barreiras identificadas, contribuindo para a segurança do paciente na interface entre hospital, atenção básica e domicílio. Few Brazilian studies have focused on patient safety strategies for safe use of medications after discharge leading to limited knowledge of current safety practices developed in Brazilian hospitals. The present study aimed to understand the dynamics and challenges of care provided to patients by hospital providers focusing on safe use of medications after discharge. An exploratory study was conducted and data was collected through interviews with physicians, nurses, pharmacists and social workers at the Hospital Universitário da Universidade de São Paulo, in São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. Care practices regarding medication use during and following hospital stay including access to medicines after discharge, follow-up plans for coordinated, ongoing care, and barriers were investigated. The main strategy for safe use of medications after hospital discharge is to provide structured counseling for patients and particularly for caregivers of pediatric patients. The care team works to ensure access to the medications prescribed at discharge in special situations. Medication reconciliation is being implemented and home visits are limited to patients in critical condition with mobility problems. The main barriers identified in the study were limited information technology and human resources. It was concluded that there are some patient safety strategies in place but they are limited in scope and do not ensure coordinated, ongoing care after discharge. These findings point to a need to strengthen efforts to overcome the barriers identified to improve patient safety at the interface of hospital, primary care and the home setting.

It is known that rigid circular particle models proposed in the literature do not properly reproduce the rock friction angle and the rock tensile strength to compressive strength ratio. A 2D rigid particle model is here presented which tries to overcome these issues while keeping the simplicity and the reduced computational costs characteristic of circular particle models. A particle generation algorithm is adopted which generates polygonal shape particles based on the Laguerre–Voronoi diagrams of the circular particle gravity centres. Several parametric studies are presented to show the influence of the micromechanical properties on both the macroscopic elastic and strength properties. It is shown that a good agreement with the known rock direct tensile to indirect tensile test ratio requires the incorporation of bilinear softening contact laws under tension and shear. Finally, the proposed model is validated against known triaxial and Brazilian tests of a granite rock.

O atual movimento mundial para segurança do paciente reforça a necessidade de desenvolver prevenção quaternária - visando proteger os pacientes do excessivo intervencionismo diagnóstico e terapêutico e minimizar o risco de iatrogenias - para evitar danos ao paciente e gastos desnecessários ao sistema de saúde. Em situações de transição do cuidado, como alta hospitalar, a ocorrência de eventos adversos relacionados ao uso de medicamentos pode resultar em readmissão hospitalar ou necessidade de atendimento ambulatorial ou em serviços de urgência. Este artigo tem por objetivo discutir o gerenciamento da segurança do paciente no processo de uso de medicamentos após alta hospitalar. Com base em pesquisa bibliográfica, realizou-se abordagem sobre estratégias utilizadas por equipe hospitalares, tais como reconciliação medicamentosa, orientação ao paciente e/ou cuidador, comunicação por meio de resumo de alta, e seguimento domiciliar, além da necessidade de atuação interdisciplinar e interinstitucional para contribuir com a integralidade do cuidado. Concluise que o desenvolvimento de atividades de cuidado ao paciente em alta, pela equipe hospitalar, e a existência de efetiva articulação entre o hospital e demais serviços de saúde podem representar importantes aliados neste grande desafio para a saúde pública, que é a segurança do paciente no processo de uso de medicamentos após alta hospitalar. The current global movement for patient safety has focused on quaternary prevention - actions to avoid excessive diagnostic and therapeutic interventions and to minimize the risk of iatrogenicity - to prevent harm to patients and unnecessary costs to the health system. In transitional care situations such as hospital discharge the occurrence of adverse drug events may require hospital readmission or outpatient or emergency care. This article aimed to provide input to the discussion on patient safety management for medication use after hospital discharge. A literature search was conducted and strategies such as medication reconciliation, patient and/or caregiver counseling, discharge summary communication and follow-up after discharge are addressed. In addition, it is stressed the need for interdisciplinary and interinstitutional actions for comprehensive care. In conclusion, patient care provided by hospital teams and effective coordination of care by the hospital and other health services are crucial to meet this significant public health challenge of ensuring patient safety on medication use after discharge.

Few Brazilian studies have focused on patient safety strategies for safe use of medications after discharge leading to limited knowledge of current safety practices developed in Brazilian hospitals. The present study aimed to understand the dynamics and challenges of care provided to patients by hospital providers focusing on safe use of medications after discharge. An exploratory study was conducted and data was collected through interviews with physicians, nurses, pharmacists and social workers at the Hospital Universitário da Universidade de São Paulo, in São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. Care practices regarding medication use during and following hospital stay including access to medicines after discharge, follow-up plans for coordinated, ongoing care, and barriers were investigated. The main strategy for safe use of medications after hospital discharge is to provide structured counseling for patients and particularly for caregivers of pediatric patients. The care team works to ensure access to the medications prescribed at discharge in special situations. Medication reconciliation is being implemented and home visits are limited to patients in critical condition with mobility problems. The main barriers identified in the study were limited information technology and human resources. It was concluded that there are some patient safety strategies in place but they are limited in scope and do not ensure coordinated, ongoing care after discharge. These findings point to a need to strengthen efforts to overcome the barriers identified to improve patient safety at the interface of hospital, primary care and the home setting. No Brasil, são escassos os estudos sobre estratégias para a segurança do paciente no processo de uso de medicamentos após a alta hospitalar, o que dificulta o conhecimento sobre a atuação de hospitais brasileiros nessa área. Neste artigo, buscou-se compreender a dinâmica e os desafios do cuidado fornecido ao paciente pela equipe hospitalar, visando à segurança no processo de uso de medicamentos após a alta hospitalar. Realizou-se pesquisa exploratória por meio de entrevistas com médicos, enfermeiros, farmacêuticos e assistentes sociais do Hospital Universitário da Universidade de São Paulo. Foram pesquisadas as atividades de cuidado com a farmacoterapia durante e após a hospitalização, incluindo o acesso a medicamentos após alta, a existência de articulação do hospital com outros serviços de saúde, e barreiras para desenvolver essas atividades. A principal estratégia adotada é a orientação de alta, realizada de forma estruturada, principalmente para cuidadores de pacientes pediátricos. Em situações específicas, ocorre mobilização da equipe para viabilização do acesso a medicamentos prescritos na alta. Reconciliação medicamentosa está em fase de implantação, e visita domiciliar é realizada apenas para pacientes críticos com problemas de locomoção. As principais barreiras identificadas foram insuficiência de recursos humanos e falta de tecnologias de informação. Conclui-se que são desenvolvidas algumas estratégias, porém com limitações e sem articulação adequada com outros serviços de saúde para a continuidade do cuidado. Isto sugere a necessidade de concentração de esforços para transpor as barreiras identificadas, contribuindo para a segurança do paciente na interface entre hospital, atenção básica e domicílio.

The well-known non-uniqueness inversion problems of dispersion curves as well as the reduced resolution at higher depths could be improved by performing a combined analysis of data sets of different types. In this study, Nakamura’s technique or HVSR technique was applied to several ambient vibration recordings performed at the surface of alluvium deposits, in order to estimate their fundamental frequency. The shear wave velocity profiles of the soil of the studied sites were previously determined using the active MASW method. The theoretical HVSR associated to each MASW profile was determined using the program ModelHVSR and compared to the experimental HVSR curves. This program was also used for the inversion of the experimental H/V curve, in order to improve the resolution of the deepest part of soil profile and identify the depth of the bedrock. Furthermore, the HVSR deduced from surface waves approximation was also computed for each profile to evaluate the reliability of the hypothesis that surface waves dominates the wavefield.

Dissertação de mestrado em Arquitectura. Exame público realizado em 28 de Maio de 2012.

Tese de mestrado. Biologia (Biologia Celular e Biotecnologia). Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2011 Submitted by Lurdes Saramago (lurdes.saramago@fc.ul.pt) on 2012-05-04T14:08:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ulfc092777_tm_ana_amorim.pdf: 1349774 bytes, checksum: 3b7ea5b84c63267937284623513cd6b5 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2012-05-04T14:08:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ulfc092777_tm_ana_amorim.pdf: 1349774 bytes, checksum: 3b7ea5b84c63267937284623513cd6b5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011

Mestrado em Ciências de Enfermagem Master Degree in Sciences of Nursing

Submitted by Suelen Reis (suziy.ellen@gmail.com) on 2013-04-23T17:11:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Fatima Cabral.pdf: 3063741 bytes, checksum: 2fef60738a8888a178499680d9647e2d (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Meirelles(rodrigomei@ufba.br) on 2013-05-08T12:35:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Fatima Cabral.pdf: 3063741 bytes, checksum: 2fef60738a8888a178499680d9647e2d (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-08T12:35:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Fatima Cabral.pdf: 3063741 bytes, checksum: 2fef60738a8888a178499680d9647e2d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as alterações na superfície do esmalte, decorrentes da utilização de 5 técnicas distintas para a remoção da resina remanescente após a descolagem de bráquetes ortodônticos. Foram analisados 50 pré-molares humanos, extraídos por fins ortodônticos e periodontais, cujas faces vestibulares foram submetidas à análise rugosimétrica de superfície, executada em 3 momentos distintos: 1- inicial; 2- após a colagem, remoção de bráquetes e eliminação da resina remanescente; 3- após o polimento final. Nos grupos 1 e 2, utilizou-se a broca carbide de tungstênio em baixa e alta rotação, respectivamente. Para os grupos 3 e 4, o instrumento empregado foi a broca carbide de tungstênio proposta por Radlanski, também em baixa e alta rotação, respectivamente. Nestes 4 primeiros grupos, o polimento consistiu na utilização de discos de óxido de alumínio de granulação superfina. O grupo 5 foi representado pela associação de alicate removedor de resina e ponta de carboneto de silício em alta rotação, seguidos por polimento com pontas de borracha com grânulos de diamante em baixa rotação. Os resultados demonstraram que, após a remoção da resina, os menores valores de rugosidade superficial foram obtidos com a utilização da broca carbide de tungstênio em baixa rotação (grupo 1) e com as brocas propostas por Radlanski, tanto em baixa (grupo 3) quanto em alta rotação (grupo 4). Já a broca carbide de tungstênio em alta rotação (grupo 2) e o alicate removedor de resina associado às pontas de carboneto de silício e borracha (grupo 5)apresentaram valores de rugosidade média estatisticamente superiores aos demais grupos. Com o polimento, passou a existir diferença estatisticamente significante apenas em relação ao grupo 5, o qual revelou maior rugosidade do que os demais. A avaliação visual foi realizada por 3 examinadores e não detectou diferença estatisticamente significante entre os métodos utilizados. A partir destes dados, concluiu-se que a broca carbide de tungstênio em baixa rotação (grupo 1) e as brocas propostas por Radlanski (grupos 3 e 4) representaram métodos menos agressivos ao esmalte dentário para a remoção da resina remanescente após a descolagem de bráquetes. Salvador