1. MIG (CXCL9) is a more sensitive measure than IFN-gamma of vaccine induced T-cell responses in volunteers receiving investigated malaria vaccines
- Author
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Tamara Berthoud, Stephen Todryk, Susanna Dunachie, Helen A. Fletcher, and Adrian V. S. Hill
- Subjects
Male ,Cellular immunity ,ESAT6, six-kDa early secreted antigenic target ,T-Lymphocytes ,STAT, signal transducers and activators of transcription ,MVA, modified vaccinia virus Ankara ,APC, antigen presenting cell ,Chemokine CXCL9 ,ELISA, enzyme linked immunoSorbant assay ,FP9, fowlpox strain FP9 ,BME, β-mercaptoethanol ,Immunology and Allergy ,M, MVA ,Interferon gamma ,Flow cytometry ,Malaria, Falciparum ,PPD, purified protein derivative ,IFN-γ ,RLT, RNA lysis buffer ,Vaccines, Synthetic ,HPRT, hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Malaria vaccine ,Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ,ELISPOT ,MIG ,Middle Aged ,MIG, monokine induced by gamma ,TRAP, thrombospondin related adhesive protein ,Monokine ,P, PEV3A ,ELISPOT, enzyme linked immuno SPOT ,PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cells ,CXCL9 ,F, FP9 ,Female ,medicine.drug ,Research Paper ,Adult ,CSP, circumsporozoite protein ,Adolescent ,SEB, staphylococcal enterotoxin B ,Immunology ,Plasmodium falciparum ,Biology ,JAK, janus kinase ,Interferon-gamma ,Young Adult ,RT-PCR, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ,stomatognathic system ,RPMI, Roswell Park Memorial Institute media ,Malaria Vaccines ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,RNA, Messenger ,AMA1, apical membrane antigen 1 ,7AAD, 7-amino-actinomycin D ,Aged ,CFP10, culture filtrate protein 10 ,DOC, day of challenge ,Brefeldin A ,IFN-γ, interferon gamma ,CXCL9, CXC chemokine ligand 9 ,CMV, cytomegalovirus ,EBV, Epstein Barr Virus ,Virology ,Malaria ,stomatognathic diseases ,PHA, phytohaemagglutinin ,Vaccine ,Ex vivo ,ICS, intracellular staining ,ME, multi-epitope string - Abstract
For many years the IFN-gamma ex vivo ELISPOT has been a major assay for assessing human T-cell responses generated by malaria vaccines. The ELISPOT assay is a sensitive assay, but an imperfect correlate of protection against malaria. Monokine induced by gamma (MIG), or CXCL9, is a chemokine induced by IFN-gamma and has the potential to provide amplification of the IFN-gamma signal. MIG secretion could provide a measure of bio-active IFN-gamma and a functional IFN-gamma signalling pathway. We report that detecting MIG by flow cytometry and by RT-PCR can be more sensitive than the detection of IFN-gamma using these methods. We also find that there is little inter-individual variability in MIG secretion when detected by flow cytometry and that the MIG assay may be used to estimate the amount of bio-active IFN-gamma present. Measurement of MIG alongside IFN-gamma may provide a fuller picture of Th1 type responses post-vaccination.
- Published
- 2009