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Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the presence of bacterial translocation (BT) in cats undergoing laparotomy procedures for pathologies that are thought to increase intra-abdominal pressure or pressurize the intestinal wall. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five cats were evaluated that refered to Selcuk University Animal Hospital for laparotomy after the clinical, laboratory, ultrasonographic and radiographic examinations. Sterile swab samples were taken from the peritoneal fluid and an appropriate mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) immediately after reaching the abdominal region during the laparatomy. Identification of bacterial strains was carried out and bacterial spectra were analyzed. Antibiotic resistance of bacterial strains was determined by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: BT was diagnosed in 4 (16%) of 25 cats as a result of deteriorated intestinal perfusion due to foreign body. It was determined that 2 of the BT were isolated from swap samples taken from only MLNs and 2 of them were isolated from swap samples taken from both the peritoneal cavity and MLNs. It was determined that 50% of the bacteria growing in the peritoneum were E. faecalis (n=2) and 50% were E. faecium. It was determined that the bacteria growing in the MLNs formed P. fluorescens and E. faecalis. Conclusion: BT should be considered in the presence of pathologies that affect intra-abdominal pressure or affect the intestinal wall. It is thought that the suspicion of bacterial translocation should increase in pathologies that directly affect the intestinal wall. It is thought that the use of specific antibiotics will be more positive in terms of prognosis by performing an antibiogram.

This study aim to evaluate the modified Glasgow Coma Scale (mGCS) and Animal Trauma Triage (ATT) scores, labo- ratory variables, and prognostic features of trauma-induced endothelial glycocalyx injury in cats with head trauma. Twenty-five cats with head trauma and 10 healthy cats were evaluated in this study. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was used to measure the levels of syndecan-1 and thrombomodulin in the serum of the 25 cats with head trauma (within 48 hours) and the 10 healthy cats. In addition, mGCS scores, ATT scores, laboratory values, syndecan-1 and thrombomodulin levels were compared between the cats that survived following treatment and the cats that did not survive despite treatment. Syndecan-1 and thrombomodulin levels were not statistically different between healthy cats and cats with head trauma. In the cats with head trauma, the mGCS scoring system was found to be more sensitive than the ATT scoring system. In conclusion, syndecan-1 and thrombomodulin levels did not yield statistically significant results in the cats with head trauma. VREDNOTENJE SISTEMA OCENJEVANJA TRAVME IN POŠKODB ENDOTELIJSKEGA GLIKOKALIKSA PRI MAČKAH S POŠKODBO GLAVE Izvleček: Namen te študije je bil ovrednotiti spremenjeno glasgowsko lestvico kome (angl. Glasgow Coma Scale, GCS) in ocene ATT (Animal Trauma Triage), laboratorijske spremenljivke in prognostične značilnosti s travmo povzročene poškodbe endotelijskega glikokaliksa pri mačkah s poškodbo glave. V študijo je bilo vključenih 25 mačk s poškodbo glave in 10 zdravih mačk. Ravni sindekana-1 in trombomodulina v serumu 25 mačk s poškodbo glave (v 48 urah) in 10 zdravih mačk smo merili z encimsko imunoadsorpcijsko preiskavo (ELISA). Ocene mGCS, ocene ATT, laboratorijske vrednosti ter ravni sindekana-1 in trombomodulina smo primerjali med mačkami, ki so po zdravljenju preživele, in mačkami, ki kljub zdravljenju niso preživele. Vrednosti sindekana-1 in trombomodulina se med zdravimi mačkami in mačkami s poškodbo glave niso statistično razlikova- le. Pri mačkah s poškodbo glave se je sistem točkovanja mCGS izkazal za občutljivejšega od sistema točkovanja ATT. Zaklju- čili smo, da vrednosti sindekana-1 in trombomodulina pri mačkah s poškodbo glave niso statistično pomembne. Ključne besede: triaža poškodb živali; mačka; poškodba glave; spremenjena glasgowska lestvica kome; endotelijski glikokaliks

FAST (focused assessment with sonography for trauma) is an ultrasound protocol developed to assess conditions such as pneumothorax, hemothorax, hemoabdomen, bladder rupture, and organ damage due to trauma. It is performed at the time of presentation of a trauma patient for rapid diagnosis. The aim of this study is to compare the results of FAST and ATT (Animal Trauma Triage) scoring system, which are among the first triage examinations, and to determine whether they support each other. Material of the study consisted of 50 dogs (diff erent breed, sex and age) presented in years between 2019-2020 to Selcuk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Surgery Clinics with trauma history within 24 h. FAST and ATT scoring system were performed for each dog. ATT score of 50 traumatized dogs was evaluated by dividing into 3 categories; ATT scores of 21 dogs were good (0-5), 19 dogs were moderate (6-11), and 10 dogs were poor (12-18). Thoracic and abdominal abnormal findings were detected by T-FAST in 12 dogs (24%) and by A-FAST in 10 dogs (20%). Spearman correlation analysis showed there was no significant association between ATT score and A-FAST (r=0.04, P=0.75), and ATT score and T-FAST (r=0.140, P=0.33) in traumatized dogs. In conclusion, FAST should be performed for urgent diagnosis of possible thoracic or abdominal pathological findings in traumatized dogs, regardless of ATT score.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of imaging techniques (video-otoscopy-VO, radiography-RTG, computed tomography-CT) in diagnosing ear diseases in cats and dogs. Seven cats and thirteen dogs diagnosed with ear diseases were used for the research. Clinical examination, VO, RTG and CT were performed. Three (42.9%) unilateral otitis externa (OE), three (42.9%) unilateral otitis media (OM), and one (14.2%) bilateral otitis media (OM) with OE were diagnosed in 7 cats. Five (38.4%) unilateral OE, one (7.7%) unilateral OM, four (30.8%) bilateral OE, and three (23.1%) bilateral OM with OE were diagnosed in 13 dogs. All diagnostic methods were determined to be highly efficient for the specified diagnosis. VO and RTG were confirmed as sufficiently effective for the diagnosis of OE. OE plays a major role in the etiopathogenesis of OM, and for this reason, RTG and CT are required diagnostic methods for this condition.