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Background Exposure to workplace gender-based violence (GBV) can affect women's mental and physical health and work productivity in higher educational settings. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the prevalence of GBV (workplace incivility, bullying, sexual harassment), and associated factors among Nigerian university women. Methods The study was an institutional-based cross-sectional survey. The multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 339 female staff from public and private universities in Enugu, south-east Nigeria. Data was collected using the Workplace Incivility Scale (WIS), Modified Workplace Incivility Scale (MWIS), Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised (NAQ-R), and Sexual Experiences Questionnaire (SEQ). Descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, Pearson’s Chi-square test, univariate ANOVA, bivariate, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted at 0.05 level of significance. Results The prevalence of workplace incivility, bullying, and sexual harassment (SH) was 63.8%, 53.5%, and 40.5%. The 12-month experience of the supervisor, coworker, and instigated incivilities was 67.4%, 58.8%, and 52.8%, respectively. Also, 47.5% of the participants initiated personal bullying, 62.5% experienced work-related bullying, and 42.2% experienced physical bullying. The 12-month experience of gender harassment, unwanted sexual attention, and sexual coercion were 36.5%, 25.6%, and 26.6%, respectively. Being aged 35–49 years (AOR 0.15; 95% CI (0.06, 0.40), and ≥ 50 years (AOR 0.04; 95% CI (0.01, 0.14) were associated with workplace incivility among female staff. Having a temporary appointment (AOR 7.79, 95% CI (2.26, 26.91) and casual/contract employment status (AOR 29.93, 95% CI (4.57, 192.2) were reported to be associated with workplace bullying. Having a doctoral degree (AOR 3.57, 95% CI (1.24, 10.34), temporary appointment (AOR 91.26, 95% CI (14.27, 583.4) and casual/contract employment status (AOR 73.81, 95% CI (7.26, 750.78) were associated with workplace SH. Conclusions The prevalence of GBV was high. There is an urgent need for workplace interventions to eliminate different forms of GBV and address associated factors to reduce the adverse mental, physical, and social health outcomes among university women.

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-smo-10.1177_2050312121989497 for Nonadherence to tuberculosis treatment and associated factors among patients using directly observed treatment short-course in north-west Nigeria: A cross-sectional study by Cylia Nkechi Iweama, Olaoluwa Samson Agbaje, Prince Christian Ifeanachor Umoke, Chima Charles Igbokwe, Eyuche Lawretta Ozoemena, Nnenna Lois Omaka-Amari and Benjamin Mudi Idache in SAGE Open Medicine

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-2-smo-10.1177_2050312121989497 for Nonadherence to tuberculosis treatment and associated factors among patients using directly observed treatment short-course in north-west Nigeria: A cross-sectional study by Cylia Nkechi Iweama, Olaoluwa Samson Agbaje, Prince Christian Ifeanachor Umoke, Chima Charles Igbokwe, Eyuche Lawretta Ozoemena, Nnenna Lois Omaka-Amari and Benjamin Mudi Idache in SAGE Open Medicine

Additional file 5: STROBE Checklist.

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-3-smo-10.1177_2050312121989497 for Nonadherence to tuberculosis treatment and associated factors among patients using directly observed treatment short-course in north-west Nigeria: A cross-sectional study by Cylia Nkechi Iweama, Olaoluwa Samson Agbaje, Prince Christian Ifeanachor Umoke, Chima Charles Igbokwe, Eyuche Lawretta Ozoemena, Nnenna Lois Omaka-Amari and Benjamin Mudi Idache in SAGE Open Medicine

Background Retirees face numerous challenges, including disassociation from persons in their social networks in Nigeria. Perceived social isolation or loneliness could impair the quality of life in old age, and lead to mental disorders. However, it is uncertain whether perceived loneliness has an independent association with depressive and anxiety symptoms and comorbid conditions in Nigerian retirees. Therefore, we aimed at examining the association between perceived loneliness, depressive and anxiety symptoms, including comorbid conditions among retirees in Northcentral Nigeria. Methods This community-based cross-sectional study enrolled retirees aged 60 years and above in different pension zones from February 2019 to August 2019. A two-stage sampling procedure was used to select the study participants. Data on perceived loneliness, depressive, and anxiety symptoms were collected using the 8-item University of California, Los Angeles Loneliness Scale (ULS-8), and the DASS 21-depression and anxiety subscales, respectively. We collected information on the demographic characteristics using a well-validated structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, binary and multivariable logistic regression were used to examine the independent associations between loneliness, depression, anxiety, and anxious depression. P-values below 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results The mean age of participants was 71.3 (± 6.01) years, and 54.4% were men. The prevalence of loneliness, depression, anxiety, and anxious depression was 21.8, 52.0, 27.7, and 20.5%, respectively. Retirees with depression or anxiety symptoms perceived that they were lonelier than those without depression or anxiety. The multivariable logistic regression model showed that female gender (AOR 1.49; 95% CI (1.09, 2.00), having secondary education (AOR 2.24, 95% CI (1.40, 3.57) and having higher education (AOR 3.82, 95%CI (2.37, 6.16) were significantly associated with depression. Also, lonely retirees are 1.19 times (AOR 1.19; 95% CI (0.84, 1.69) more likely to be depressed compared to retirees that are not lonely, and the anxious depressed retirees are 314.58 times (AOR 314.58; 95% CI (508.05, 1941.70) more likely to be depressed than those without anxious depression. Conclusion The prevalence of loneliness, depression, anxiety, and anxious depression were relatively high among the older retirees. Female gender and advanced age were significantly associated with perceived loneliness, depression and anxiety.

Background: Physical inactivity (PA) is a modifiable risk factor for many chronic illnesses. Studies on physical activity in adolescent populationshave reported associations between PA and demographic and psychosocial factors. However, there is a limited evidence on PA level and associated factors among adolescents in south-east Nigeria. Thus, the study examined adolescents’ PA level and its demographic and psychosocial correlates among school-going adolescents in Obollo-Afor Education Zone, Enugu State, South-East Nigeria.Methods: A total of 365 randomly selected adolescents aged 12-19 years in Obollo-Afor, Enugu State, south-East Nigeria participated in the study. The Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A), the Physical Self-Description Questionnaire-Short Form (PSDQ-S), the Social Support and Peer Norms Scales for Physical Activity (SSPNS)were used to measure PA level, physical self-concept, social support and peer norms for PA.Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent samples t -test, fixed effects ANOVA, and multiple linear regression.Results: The mean age of the participants was 15.76 ± 1.78 years for boys and 15.65 ± 1.83 years for girls. One-third (33.3%) had low PA level, more than half of the participants had moderate PA level(58.1%) whilevery few (8.5%) had high PA level. School-going adolescents had high mean physical self-concept(16.6 ± 40), social support(2.48 ± 1.04) and peer norms(2.19 ± 1.049). Adolescents’ PA level was positively related to self-concept ( r = .06, p > 0.05), social support ( r = .26, p < 0.01), peer norms ( r = .27, p < 0.01). Social support (beta = .22, p < .001), peer norms received for PA (beta = .23, p < .003), and class of study (beta = -.047, p < 0.05) were significantly associated with PA level among adolescents.Conclusions: One third of school-going adolescents had low level of PA, and low proportion had high level of PA. Also, Social support, peer norms received for PA and class of study were significantly associated with PA among adolescents. Future studies are needed to design interventions that promote PA among adolescents in Nigeria.

Background Education is vital to increasing knowledge, improving prevention and self-care practices for hypertension in older adults. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of a health education intervention in improving hypertension (HT) knowledge, prevention and self-care practices among retirees in Enugu State, South-east, Nigeria. Methods In this quasi-experimental study, we enrolled 400 participants in Enugu and Nsukka cities in Enugu State, south-east Nigeria. Participants were assigned to the treatment and control groups. Participants in the intervention/treatment group (T-group) received the intervention provided by public health experts and nurses and participants in the control group (C-group) received health talk without the intervention. Data collected at baseline (before intervention), 16 weeks (4th month) and follow-up (5th month) included demographic variables, knowledge about hypertension, prevention and self-care practices. We used paired samples t-test, Chi-square test and one-way ANOVA repeated measures for data analyses. Results The mean age of the participants was 65.9 (± 8.9) years, the mean SBP and DBP were 136.5 (± 13.3) and 87.9 (± 9.1) respectively. More than half of the participants were (50.3%) were males, and the mean BMI was 23.9 (± 5.1) kg/m2. The paired comparison analysis showed that the mean HT knowledge score significantly increased in the T-group between baseline and 1 month (4th month) post-intervention compared to those in the C-group (P

Background Postnatal depression (PND) and anxiety (PNA) among women are prevalent and impairing health problems, with adverse outcomes for mothers and their infants. This study assessed the prevalence of depression, anxiety and associated factors in a sample of postnatal women. Method A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 270 postpartum women attending public health facilities in the study area. Postnatal depression was measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and anxiety was measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-A). Data on maternal demographics, health characteristics, pregnancy-related characteristics, labor and birth characteristics, were collected via structured questionnaire. Binary Logistic and multinomial logistic regression analyses were carried out to identify the factors associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms in women. Results The EPDS identified 92 women (34.6%) as possibly depressed (using a cut-off ≥13) while the HADS-A identified 89 women (33.3%) with anxiety symptoms (using a cut-off + 8). A total of 69 women were identified with symptoms of anxiety and depression (anxious-depression). The multinomial regression analysis (MLA) showed that the history of depression (AOR = 0.12, 95% (CI 0.02, 0.76), and being a mother aged 15–29 years (AOR = 10.31, 95% (CI 1.13, 94.11) had a significant effect on the development of anxiety symptoms in women. Although not significant, mother’s income level (AOR = 1.53, 95% (CI 0.72, 3.25), and being a younger mother (AOR = 1.06, 95% (CI 0.21, 5.26) were more likely to predict depressive symptoms in postnatal women. Attendance at postnatal care services in the PHCs (AOR = 0.14, 95% CI (0.04, 0.48) was significantly associated with anxious-depressed in the studied postnatal women. Conclusion The findings of this study showed a direct association between depressive symptoms, anxiety and younger maternal age, rural residence, and low income. The higher prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms in this study is a call for postnatal care that is culturally sensitive, patient-centered, accessible and affordable by women, most importantly poor and rural women. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13690-018-0329-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.