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Introduction: Glomus tumors are rare benign neurovascular tumors derived from the neuromyoarterial glomus apparatus. They are more frequent in the hand and their cause is unknown. The purpose of this study was to describe a case series of patients who presented with glomus tumors in unusual body parts, in a non-subungual location. Case series: Three cases, from three different Institutions, were reported. All patients were male presenting with lesions characterized as a painful and solitary nodule in unusual areas, specifically in the left lower extremity: one in the calf, the other in the knee, and the third in the thigh. The nodules were not palpable, but with severe induced pain when touched, and with temperature sensitivity relation. Further investigation using Magnetic Resonance Imaging showed low signal intensity on T1 and high signal intensity on T2-weighted images. Ultrasound scanning was also a method to investigate and support the diagnosis. All patients underwent a total surgical resection, and histopathologically confirmed the diagnosis of glomus tumors, revealing oval and circular cell proliferation in association with vascular structures. There was no recurrence reported. Conclusion: Glomus tumors are a rare entity characterized by pain, point tenderness, and temperature sensitivity, particularly where the lesion is located. Clinical history and physical examination invariably clinch the diagnosis. To ensure the correct diagnosis and treatment of glomus tumors, it is essential to have a complete inventory of imaging resources, particularly for differential diagnosis, when dealing with tumors in unusual locations.

Glomus tumors are benign tumors of the skin. Clinically, these tumors can present as solid, painful subcutaneous nodules, frequently seen on the hand (particularly subungual region). Glomangiomyomas are the least common histological type of glomus tumor. In the literature, there are only a few glomangiomyoma cases of the forearm location. We report a patient with a painful nodule, diagnosed as glomangiomyoma. Surgical excision was performed and no recurrence was observed after 5 years' follow-up.

Glomus tumor is benign vascular tumors arising from modified smooth muscle cells of the glomus bodies and accounting for 1.6% of all soft-tissue tumors. The presence of glomus tumors at sites other than fingertips is a very rare occurrence. We present a rare case of a 68-year-old male with a history of painful nodules over the interscapular region for the last 10 years which was excised and sent to our department of pathology. On gross examination, the lesion was 1 × 1 cm, nodular. Cut section was gray and brown with areas of hemorrhage seen. Histopathological examination revealed a circumscribed lesion in the dermis comprising small dilated vascular spaces surrounded by sheets and clusters of glomus cells having round–oval, bland nucleus with moderate-abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. No areas with increased mitosis, no atypia, and no necrotic areas were seen. There was no area with ductal/mucin differentiation. Glomus tumor is very rare at extradigital sites and may be often missed clinically. However, the presence of the characteristic microscopic picture of perivascular sheets of bland, uniform glomus cells should help us arrive at the correct diagnosis and provide appropriate management to the patient.

Glomus tumors (GT) are rare mesenchymal tumors that develop in the subungual digital region. Extradigital GTs are very rare, with atypical clinical features. We report the case of a 63-year-old male with a five-year history of intermittent shoulder pain, where an excisional biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of a glomus tumor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El tumor glómico es una neoplasia benigna poco común que surge del aparato glómico de la piel. Ocurre con mayor frecuencia en los dedos de manos y pies y representa el 1.6% de todos los tumores de tejidos blandos. El diagnóstico clínico puede resultar difícil si el tumor aparece en una ubicación extradigital. Presentamos un caso de tumor glómico de tipo vascular (glomangioma) de localización atípica, suprapatelar externa y de presentación inusual ya que no evidenciaba cambios de color en la superficie, indicando su componente vascular.

Glomus tumors (GT) are the rare neoplasms of soft tissue originated from mesenchymal origin. GTs are formed from glomus cells, smooth muscle cells and arteriovenous structures. Although the GT can be seen in throughout the body, finger pulp and subungual location are seen in ¾ of cases. In this study, we aimed to compare the clinical, radiologic and histopathological features of finger localized GT (digital) and GTs located outside the fingers (extradigital). The effect of localization and surgical margin on the recurrence was compared. The diagnosis of GT was searched from the database of Adana Seyhan State hospital between date of 2010 -2020. Thirty-six patients with finger localized GT as group 1 and twenty patients with extra -digital GT as group 2 were included in the study. The groups were evaluated and compared with regards to the demographic characteristics, clinical findings, radiographic imaging, the preoperative diagnosis, operation time, tumor size, the number of lesions, the histopathological sub-types, the results of immunohistochemical analysis, the surgical margin status, clinical follow-up results and recurrences. 56 patients were diagnosed with GT during the 10-years study period of hospital database search. The mean age of patients was 42 (±17), the mean follow-up time was 44 months (±24). The number of patients with pulp, subungal and distal finger localized GT was 36 (group1) and the number of patients with extradigital tumor was 20 (Group 2). When all the lesions examined, the most frequent lesion was found nevus (28.6%), GT (26.8%) and haemangioma (17.9%). The number of tumoral foci was single in 51 patients (91.1%) and twice in 5 (8.9%) patients. The mean tumoral size was measured as 6 mm (±4.2). The results of αSMA, MSA, vimentin and calponin positivit y in immunohistochemical analysis were found to be similar between groups. The finger localized tumors are diagnosed correctly with higher percentage clinically. The extradigital GT reaches higher size and usually misdiagnosed. There are more recurrences in patients with positive tumor cells at the surgical margin after operative treatment. The immunohistochemical staining for differentiating the malignant tumors seems non -beneficial. It is thought that giving attention to have negative surgical margin in digital GTs prevent the recurrences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glomus tumors are benign soft tissue tumors of the glomus body, most regularly found in the sublingual region of the digits, palms, and soles. Extra digital lesions are uncommon and might be difficult to diagnose. We report a rare case of a 38-year-old man who presented with a painful nodule on his right upper arm. A definite diagnosis was made by histopathological study. A complete surgical excision was performed to avoid recurrence. Glomus tumors form less than 2 % of all soft tissue tumors. The tumor was first reported by Wood in 1812. It typically appears like a small blue-red solitary papule in the hand especially the digits, which are the most prevalent location for glomus tumors with an incidence rate of up to 75 %. The histopathology findings of glomus tumor, are three components: glomus cells, vasculature, and smooth muscle cells. The preferred method of treatment is total excision to prevent a recurrence. Eventually, the glomus tumor is fairly a rare benign tumor that physicians should keep in mind as a deferential diagnosis when facing a subcutaneous nodule and don't rule out when the tumor is extradigital. • Glomus tumors are benign soft tissue tumors of the glomus body, most regularly found in the sublingual region of the digits. • Extra digital lesions are uncommon and might be difficult to diagnose. • We described a case presented with a painful nodule on his right upper arm. • A histopathological study is the only method to confirm the diagnosis. • The treatment of choice is complete surgical excision to prevent a recurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glomus tumour is a rare small benign lesion which is typically located at fingertip. Most patients with glomus tumour have delayed diagnosis. Recognition of the classical triad of glomus tumour which include paroxysmal pain, exquisite tenderness to touch and cold intolerance; and advanced imaging like MRI and biopsy would help in making the diagnosis. Here, a case of an elderly patient is reported with painful right forearm swelling for three years which progressively increased in size. The size of the swelling was unusually large for glomus tumour. Unfortunately, during the same time period he suffered from acute coronary event. MRI revealed subcutaneously located lobulated soft tissue mass. Surgical biopsy with marginal excision was done. Histopathological examination revealed small uniform rounded cells surrounding capillary vessels, consistent with the diagnosis of glomus tumour. There was no recurrence up to 2 year of follow-up and his cardiac symptoms also stabilised.

Glomangioma, currently termed as glomuvenous malformation, is a rare type of venous malformation (VM) with a rim of glomus cells around the dilated vessels. This glomus cell lesion is not usually as painful as solid glomus tumor. Rarely, thrombus may be seen in the vessels like other VMs. A male with adult-onset extradigital glomangioma presented with a painful nodule with thrombus seen on histopathology. The thrombus was responsible for the tenderness of the lesion, and its presence confirms it to be a malformation than a tumor.

The differential diagnosis for knee pain is extensive. Glomus tumors comprise approximately 1.6% of soft-tissue tumors in the extremities. Classic subungual tumors occur more frequently in women, whereas ectopic locations are more common in men. Unusual locations include the stomach; lungs; trachea; bones; intestines; fallopian tubes; and intraneural, neuromal, and intravenous locations. We present the case of a 50-year-old man with a 12-year history of enlarging right knee mass found to be a glomangioma. This case report discusses the incidence, presentation, imaging characteristics, histology, and management of glomus tumors of the knee.

The benign glomus tumor is an uncommon cause of crippling pain most commonly associated with the fingers. This sheep in wolf's clothing is identified by careful examination, confirmed by MRI, and often resolved with a simple procedure. Here we present a patient with chronic knee pain of 21 years duration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glomus tumour is a rare small benign lesion which is typically located at fingertip. Most patients with glomus tumour have delayed diagnosis. Recognition of the classical triad of glomus tumour which include paroxysmal pain, exquisite tenderness to touch and cold intolerance; and advanced imaging like MRI and biopsy would help in making the diagnosis. Here, a case of an elderly patient is reported who had a painful right forearm swelling for three years which progressively increased in size. The size of the swelling was unusually large for glomus tumour. Unfortunately, during the same time period he suffered from acute coronary event. MRI revealed subcutaneously located lobulated soft tissue mass. Surgical biopsy with marginal excision was done. Histopathological examination revealed small uniform rounded cells surrounding capillary vessels, consistent with the diagnosis of glomus tumour. There was no recurrence up to 2 year of follow-up and his cardiac symptoms also stabilised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glomus tumors are benign tumors of the skin. Clinically, these tumors can present as solid, painful subcutaneous nodules, frequently seen on the hand (particularly subungual region). Glomangiomyomas are the least common histological type of glomus tumor. In the literature, there are only a few glomangiomyoma cases of the forearm location. We report a patient with a painful nodule, diagnosed as glomangio-myoma. Surgical excision was performed and no recurrence was observed after 5 years' followup. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glomus tumors are glomus body neoplasms that most commonly occur in the subungual areas of the hand, typically characterized by small nodules associated with localized tenderness, cold sensitivity, and excruciating paroxysmal pain. Extradigital glomus tumors can present a diagnostic challenge because they are rare and usually accompanied by nonspecific symptoms. Intravenous origin of the glomus tumor, especially in the wrist, is much rarer. The authors here report an intravenous glomus tumor of the wrist presented with atypical features such as insensitivity to cold and a history of long-term pain, which led to the misdiagnosis of the lesion as extensor tendonitis. Following the excision of the tumor mass, the patient's pain completely disappeared and no further pain was reported afterward. As a result, the authors suggest a more careful workup for the correct diagnosis of glomus tumors with such atypical manifestations. They also suggest considering intravenous glomus tumor in the differential diagnosis of a chronic wrist pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glomus tumors are rare benign neoplasms arising from the glomus bodies of the skin; they account for 1.6 % of all soft tissue tumors. Since the great majority of these lesions are found on fingers and toes (especially under the nail, on the fingertip, or in the foot), a correct clinical diagnosis may prove difficult if one or more glomus tumors occur on an extra digital location. We report a case of a glomus tumor with prominent vascular component found in the left leg closely related to a branch of the sural nerve and originally believed to be a schwannoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glomus tumor is a rare perivascular benign tumor arising from the Sucquet-Hoyer canal of the normal glomus body, most commonly in the digital areas. We report a serving soldier with such a tumor in an atypical site, the perianal region, presenting with episodic shooting pain. Total surgical excision was performed. Histopathology revealed a well-circumscribed tumor composed of clusters of monotonous polygonal cells surrounding capillary-sized blood vessels. Tumor cells also showed immunopositivity for smooth muscle antigen and vimentin. Following excision, the patient was completely relieved of pain and there was no recurrence on follow-up for 6 months.

Glomus tumors are painful benign neoplasms. They commonly present in the hand and are mostly solitary lesions. We report a rare case of multiple glomus tumors in the lower leg. Moreover, 1 of the tumors was in the tarsal tunnel. Resection of the tumors resulted in the early diagnosis of glomus tumors and complete symptom relief. Because of its rarity, diagnosing an extradigital glomus tumor is difficult. Recognition of glomus tumors allows for an early diagnosis and resection, and preoperative magnetic resonance imaging helps in the detection of multiple lesions. Before resection, we considered tarsal tunnel syndrome in the differential diagnosis because of the symptoms and location of the tumor. Tarsal tunnel syndrome is a comparatively well-known disease in the foot. When tarsal tunnel syndrome is suspected, a glomus tumor should also be considered in the differential diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glomus tumor is an uncommon benign neuromyoarterial tumor. The extradigital location at the knee is unusual. Ignorance of this disease characterized by atypical clinical signs and the absence of specific imaging are responsible for a significant diagnostic delay in these forms localized in the knee. Complete resection of the tumor results in an immediate resolution of the pain. We report three rare locations of glomus tumor in the knee with an exceptional location in the quadriceps tendon and discuss epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of these tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glomus tumors are rare and often benign vascular lesions that present classically in the subungual region of the hand. Nonetheless, presentations in atypical sites have been reported over the years. However, the classic symptoms of typical glomus tumors are often absent in tumors of atypical sites. We present a case of an extradigital glomus tumor with a 3-year history of pain in the lateral aspect of the elbow. The case we present took three years and multiple visits to different clinics and specialties to reach the final diagnosis and management. It often takes longer to diagnose Glomus tumors of atypical sites and presentations. The causes could be related to the rare incidence, the atypical presentation in site and symptoms, or the diagnostic methods. This case report discusses the possible causes behind the diagnostic delay in extradigital glomus tumors, aiming to raise clinical awareness among primary health care physicians. • The classic triad of symptoms to diagnose glomus tumors does not necessarily present in extradigital glomus tumors. • Extradigital glomus tumors of the elbow are especially challenging to diagnose. • Biopsy of the lesion remains the only way to confirm the diagnosis of a glomus tumor, and a an excisional biopsy is curative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glomus tumor is a rare, benign neoplasm rising from the glomus apparatus of the skin. It occurs most frequently on fingers and toes and accounts for 1.6% of all soft tissue tumors. Clinical diagnosis may prove difficult if the tumor occurs on an extra digital location. We report a case of a vascular-type glomus tumor (glomangioma) found in an atypical location, namely the lateral aspect of the knee joint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extradigital glomus tumours are relatively uncommon. We present a case report of a glomus tumour of the elbow and review of the literature with regards to the clinical features, work-up and management of these tumours, to highlight the importance of considering a glomus tumour as part of the differential diagnosis in patient with atypical pain around the elbow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wrist glomus tumours are extremely rare. We report a case of an unusually large wrist glomus tumour with atypical presentation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings correlated well to those previously described for digital glomus tumours. This rare differential should be considered when evaluating lesions around the wrist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Competing Interests: None declared.

Competing Interests: Competing interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.