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Cultivada em todo o território brasileiro, a batata-doce (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) é uma hortaliça que apresenta ampla adaptação e fácil cultivo, além de ser fonte de antioxidantes e nutrientes importantes para a saúde humana. Os produtos desenvolvidos a partir dessa raiz, como as farinhas e amidos, agregam valor à produção e são formas alternativas de comercialização. Este estudo teve por objetivo testar a utilização do amido da batata-doce de polpa roxa na fabricação de produtos alimentícios, bem como avaliar o aproveitamento da água residual na produção de corantes. Após a extração e secagem, o amido obtido da batata-doce foi macerado e enviado para análise e para a produção de sequilhos. O amido obtido apresentou 6,11% de umidade e teor de antocianinas de 0,45 mg 100 g-1. Na produção dos sequilhos, observou-se que eles apresentaram um fator térmico abaixo de 1 e redução de umidade durante o cozimento. As análises realizadas demonstraram que o uso do amido da batata doce na produção de sequilhos resultou em um produto com baixa umidade (3,26%) e bom rendimento de produção (87%). O corante produzido com a água residual do amido apresentou bons índices de solubilidade (10,93) e absorção em água (0,33), mas elevado teor de açúcares redutores (81,46%). Os resultados deste estudo revelam que o amido da batata-doce de polpa roxa é promissor na fabricação de produtos alimentícios, com boas propriedades tecnológicas e funcionais na produção de sequilhos. Em relação ao corante da água residual, estudos futuros são necessários para alcançar maior estabilidade de conservação durante seu armazenamento e utilização.

A recuperação de nutrientes por meio de águas residuárias e sua reutilização como fertilizantes tem sido um passo importantíssimo em direção à aplicação prática da economia circular e da produção agrícola sustentável. As diferentes tecnologias de concentração, extração e recuperação de potássio presentes nas águas residuárias apresentadas neste estudo foram analisadas com relação às respectivas condições ótimas operacionais, viabilidade econômica e sustentabilidade. Os processos de separação por membranas se destacaram, pois apresentaram altas remoções de potássio e geraram efluentes diluídos, como a vinhaça, que pode ser aplicada em maiores volumes por meio da fertirrigação, pois em virtude da alta concentração de potássio presente nesse efluente, foi limitada pela norma P4.231/2006 sua quantidade de aplicação no solo. As análises econômicas mostraram que as técnicas de recuperação de potássio podem ser economicamente viáveis. Entretanto, otimizações são necessárias para que tais técnicas possam competir com as técnicas convencionais.

En este artículo analizamos el trabajo de los operarios de la industria petrolera en las plataformas offshore. Demostramos que el negocio de la extracción requiere multitud de competencias técnicas. El hecho de que estas habilidades se desplieguen dentro de una división del trabajo muy desarrollada lleva a los operarios a centrar su atención en la inmediatez de sus actividades laborales, en detrimento de una problematización de sus implicaciones materiales y propósitos. En lugar de trabajar para reducir estos puntos ciegos, la industria petrolera tiende a aprovecharse de ellos y a desarrollar un discurso que disuade a los operadores de cuestionar el alcance de su trabajo y de tomar nota de sus consecuencias perjudiciales para el clima. Este artículo sugiere que una ecologización del trabajo sólo puede lograrse mediante un análisis contextualizado de las actividades laborales, en el que deben participar los trabajadores, y que a menudo tiende a verse obstaculizado por las propias empresas.

Copyright of Health & Society is the property of Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa Periodicojs and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Drug prescription decrease is a tendency observed in the choice of therapeutic conduct by health professionals. It is supported on scientific basis, and the correct choice of drugs individualizes the approach, making it possible to combine complementary therapies that help control postoperative inflammation and healing. Among these new techniques is laser therapy, which has been studied due to its wide applicability in Dentistry. It was sought to conduct research describing the effects of photobiomodulation in outpatient surgeries, specifically impacted third molars surgeries. For this, a search was carried out in the PubMed, Cochrane, and Medline databases, using the keywords "low level laser therapy", "extraction", "third molar" and "impacted". At the end of the analysis, 15 articles were selected. The results showed that the use of low-power laser had good outcomes as a complementary therapy, improving the patient's quality of life in the postoperative phase making recovery faster and without complications, since it acts on the synthesis of collagen, angiogenesis, fibroblasts, and pro-inflammatory mediators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics is the property of Dental Press International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a painful disease of the trigeminal nerve, triggered by chewing or manipulating the gums. It is urgent for the dentist to be aware of this pathology of non-odontogenic pain, avoiding root canals and extractions for proper interconsultation with neurology and neurosurgery. Purpose: To identify the most common etiology of TN in patients treated at EsSalud Cusco from January 2019 to August 2022. Method: Observational type, descriptive and retrospective design; the calculated sample of 127 medical records was obtained according to inclusive criteria; the instrument validated by specialists, computerized data from medical records; the variables, measured in data collection sheets by a single evaluator in an Excel sheet. For the most common etiology variable, the scores were according to predisposing factors and etiological factors; while for the NT variable, according to the types of NT and pain scales, both measured by international standards. Finally, the type of analysis was descriptive statistics, the score relationship thanks to Pearson's partial correlation coefficient, and interpreted according to Cohen's Kappa values. Results: Most common etiology variable: Predisposing factor, sex at 79.5 % and as an etiological factor, unknown etiology at 55.1 %. Variable NT: idiopathic type at 34.6 %; according to the EVA scale, of intense pain at 59.1 %. Conclusion: According to chi-square 879, the average relationship of the most common etiology of NT has sex as a predisposing factor, being female the most affected at 79.5 %; and unknown etiology as an etiological factor in 55.1 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Fuentes, El Reventón Energético is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Agrotecnologia is the property of Universidade Estadual de Goias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos de Música, Artes Visuales y Artes Escénicas is the property of Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Entramado is the property of Universidad Libre Seccional Cali and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Exact Sciences is the property of Master Editora and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Este trabalho avalia a influência das cascas de abacaxi e da gordura animal como substratos para a produção de biossurfactantes por Serratia marcescens UCP 1549, de acordo com o planejamento fatorial 22. As variáveis medidas foram emulsificação e tensão superficial utilizando os substratos hidrofóbicos óleo pós-fritura, óleo de milho e óleo de girassol. O melhor resultado obtido para índice de emulsificação e tensão superficial, respectivamente, foi de 100% na condição fermentada por 96 h e 27,7 mN/m na condição fermentada por 48 h. Com a melhor condição representada pelo resultado da redução da tensão superficial foi produzido 1 L do meio para a sua extração. Os resultados demonstram boa capacidade de S. marcescens UCP 1549 para produzir biossurfactante com propriedades para aplicações na descontaminação ambiental de petróleo e derivados.

São diversas as técnicas utilizadas para obtenção do ligante de misturas asfálticas, sejam produzidas em laboratório, usina, ou envelhecidas, provenientes da fresagem dos revestimentos (RAP). Além do controle tecnológico, os procedimentos visam recuperar da maneira mais íntegra possível esse material, a fim de caracterizá-lo e avaliar suas propriedades. Há, ainda, divergências entre pesquisadores quanto às variações das características intrínsecas do ligante asfáltico, após passar por procedimentos de extração e recuperação (ER). O presente artigo abordou as distintas técnicas de extração de ligantes, bem como de recuperação, usualmente empregadas. E discutiu como os procedimentos e os tipos de solventes podem afetar as propriedades químicas, físicas e reológicas de ligantes asfálticos recuperados. Constatou-se que o brometo de n-propila (BnP) e o blend de solventes clorados são alternativas mais vantajosas dentre os solventes avaliados, juntamente com as extrações automatizadas (recuperação de ligante) e por ignição (definição de teor), e da recuperação pelo rotavapor.

Copyright of Anuario do Instituto de Geociencias is the property of Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Geociencias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Amazônia, Organizações e Sustentabilidade (AOS) is the property of Amazon, Organizations & Sustainability - AOS / Amazônia, Organizações e Sustentabilidade (AOS) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Resumo: Este artigo se insere nos estudos de perspectiva da cartografia da sintaxe, centrando a discussão no fenômeno da extração de constituintes para fora do Sintagma de Determinante (DP, do inglês Determiner Phrase) no Português Brasileiro (PB), enquanto um fenômeno que pode ser melhor acomodado assumindo uma estrutura de DP robusta em termos de categorias funcionais. O estudo busca ampliar para o PB a validação da postulação da projeção de uma categoria funcional F, como a projeção mais proeminente na estrutura nominal localizada acima de DP. A análise é centrada na extração de construções genitivas, as quais são assumidas como constituintes projetados em posição de especificadores, contra uma análise de adjunção para essas construções, como a apresentada em Avelar (2006). Com este estudo, pretende-se apresentar uma proposta em que a estrutura do sintagma nominal reflete a arquitetura do nível da sentença, como também permite uma estrutura de DP mais homogênea entre diferentes línguas como o PB e o húngaro, por exemplo. O quadro teórico em que se desenvolvem a discussão e a análise é o da gramática gerativa. Palavras-chave: genitivos; extração; periferia do DP; português brasileiro. Abstract: This paper is part of the studies on the cartography of the DP structure, focusing on the discussion of the phenomenon of the extraction of constituents out of DPs in Brazilian Portuguese (BP), a phenomenon that can be better accommodated assuming a robust DP structure in terms of functional categories. The study seeks to extend to BP the validation of the postulation of the projection of an FP category, as the most prominent projection in the nominal structure located above DP. The analysis is centered on the extraction of genitives, which are assumed to be constituents projected as specifiers, against an adjunction analysis for these constructions, as presented in Avelar (2006). With this study, we intend to present a proposal in which the structure of the noun phrase reflects the sentence-level architecture, but also allows a more homogeneous DP structure between different languages such as BP and Hungarian, for example. The theoretical framework in which discussion and analysis are developed is that of generative theory. Keywords: genitives; extraction; periphery of DP; Brazilian Portuguese.

Resumo Na bananicultura, o uso de sacos impregnados por inseticida e a lavagem das pencas são técnicas que visam à qualidade dos frutos. Objetivou-se monitorar, por cromatografia em fase gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas, resíduo de bifentrina em bananas lavadas e não lavadas em tanques, assim como na água de lavagem dos frutos. Desde a emissão até a colheita, os cachos foram protegidos com sacos impregnados por bifentrina a 1,0 g kg-1, os quais foram retirados após a colheita, para despencamento e lavagem ou não das pencas em tanques com água, detergente e sulfato de alumínio. Os métodos Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, Safe Method - QuEChERS e Extração Líquido – Líquido com Partição a Baixa Temperatura - ELL – PBT foram utilizados para extrair resíduo de bifentrina dos frutos no ponto de colheita e maduros, e da água, respectivamente. As porcentagens de recuperação de bifentrina foram 88,16%, 103,4% e 89,32%, na casca, na polpa e em casca + polpa, respectivamente, atendendo à legislação brasileira. No ponto de colheita, na casca e na casca + polpa dos frutos lavados, detectou-se 0,060 mg kg-1 e 0,010 mg kg-1, respectivamente. Quando não lavados, a concentração de bifentrina, na casca, foi de 0,31 mg kg-1 e de 0,16 mg kg-1, na casca + polpa. Não foi detectado resíduo de bifentrina na polpa, independente do estádio de maturação e lavagem, tampouco na água de lavagem. Em frutos maduros não lavados, foram quantificado 0,10 mg kg-1 e 0,040 mg kg1 de bifentrina na casca e em casca + polpa, respectivamente. A lavagem não elimina, mas reduz o resíduo de bifentrina na casca dos frutos no ponto de colheita e, quando maduros, somente os não lavados apresentam resíduo.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the productivity and energy efficiency of tree extraction in mountainous regions by means of a tractor with winch in two work team compositions: I: one tractor operator and a cable operator; and II: one tractor operator and two cable operators. The study was carried out in Vale do Ribeira region using a full tree harvesting system through a time and motion study in different conditions of extraction distance (6 to 135 meters) and log yard (5 to 241 meters), and land slope (from 7 to 37º). To evaluate the cycles, a regression analysis was carried out for each treatment and subsequently compared using the Graybill F test. Then a regression with a dummy variable was performed. The productivity was 9.26 m³ PMH0-1 with a cable operator and 12.12 m³ PMH0-1 at an extraction distance of 100 m; the specific fuel consumption was 44.26 g kW-1 PMH0-1 in both treatments, and the energy efficiency was 4.92 g kW-1 m³ with a forest worker and 3.13 g kW-1 m³ with two forest workers. Consequently, although the specific fuel consumption was equal in both treatments, the increase in productivity resulting from the addition of a cable operator,improved the energy efficiency in the extraction using a tractor with winch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The knowledge of the production and marketing chains of pinhão is centered in the Mixed Ombrophilous Forest region, in southern Brazil. This study aimed to evaluate the pinhão production and marketing chains in a region of ecological tension (Seasonal Semideciduous Forest) and verify the pinhão trade effectiveness as a tool for araucaria conservation. This research was based on a statistical survey on pinhão extraction and trade, made available by governmental institutions. To identify establishments operating in the trade of pinhão in Minas Gerais (Brazil), structured interviews and a literature review of the legislation associated with the trade of forest products were conducted, establishing the relationship between the trade and conservation of araucaria. The results showed that Minas Gerais is the third-largest national producer of pinhão, accounting for 13.9% of production, and receiving the lowest remuneration for the extracted product. There is a predominance of a short marketing chain, in which producers or retailers negotiate with the consumer, resulting in greater profits for those involved in this process, who benefit from the lack of specific regulations and inspections in the extraction and trade of pinhão, leading to a predatory activity, which does not contribute to the preservation of araucaria. However, the use of appropriate instruments may make feasible the conservation of this species, combining its potential for use in forest restoration projects with the income from the commercialization of its seeds, thus developing an effective tool for the conservation of araucaria in rural properties in Minas Gerais. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ganoderma genus are recognized worldwide for their medicinal properties and their national and international market is continuously growing. In order to investigate the commercial potential of our fungal diversity, the contents of bioactive compounds, known as Ganodic Acids (A.G.), were determined from three sources of fungus. Of the fruiting bodies of two varieties of Ganoderma sp and Ganoderma lucidum (wild and commercial). The wild variety was collected in the municipality of Quimbaya Quindío, the commercial, certified, was developed on agro-industrial plantain waste and the spent substrate were obtained after the harvesting of the commercial variety. The three samples obtained in triplicate, were dried and subjected to extraction with supercritical fluids and ultrasound. The concentration of A.G. was determined by Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), by the method of normalization of areas, using as standard Ganoderic Acid A. The method of extraction by ultrasound was the most efficient in all cases. The highest content of A.G., was found in the wild strain (266 µg/g), approximately 30% more than in the commercial variety, although considerably less than international studies. It is possible to conclude that the wild variety would have the potential to become a commercial source of A.G. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzed the use of the ultrasound-assisted method as an alternative to obtain munguba oil. The extraction provided a 47.70% yield of an oil with appropriate quality, evaluated by assessing the %FFA as oleic acid, iodine, peroxide, and saponification values, in addition to the refractive index and density. The oil presented thermal stability up to 300 °C, was constituted mainly by palmitic acid (C16:0), and presented a total phenolic content of 55.02 ± 1.872 µgEAG g-1. Results suggest that the ultrasound-assisted method has the potential to obtain vegetable oils without compromising their characteristics and quality, as well as optimize extraction time, solvent volume, and operational costs. Moreover, munguba oil presents itself as a suitable and sustainable alternative as an adjuvant in food products, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and biofuels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cerium and its compounds are widely used in the production of electronic devices and semiconductors, which is why these substances will enter the environment more often in the future. There is a need for effective express methods that can determine the trace amounts of cerium and other rare earth elements with high accuracy to control and study the possible negative impact of cerium compounds on the ecosystems. The objective of this research paper was to elaborate on an express method capable of producing accurate and reliable results on the content of cerium in wastewaters in the presence of other rare earth elements. The elaboration of the express method was carried out based on the amperometric titration method studying the effect of various buffer solutions on cerium determination. Moreover, the effect of strontium, lutetium, iron, yttrium, samarium, niobium, holmium, praseodymium, gadolinium, and erbium ions on acquisition accuracy of the cerium (III) ions in samples of process water was studied. The research results presented a method for the amperometric determination of cerium (III) applying 2,7-dinitroso-1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene-3,6-disulfonic acid on a rotating platinum disk microelectrode. The extraction-amperometric method of analysis was proposed for the analysis of process water. The optimal concentrations of background electrolytes and buffer mixtures and the voltage values, were determined; the stability constant of the complex was calculated; the lower limit of the determined cerium content was defined. No interfering influence of foreign ions on the determination of cerium (III) ions was observed. The developed method for determining cerium (III) has a simpler hardware design than the previously described method of pulsed direct current glow discharge mass spectrometry but has a higher detection limit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Psicologia Clínica is the property of Faculdades Catolicas - Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio de Janeiro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista ION is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

O β-caroteno é um carotenoide que faz parte do grupo das vitaminas lipossolúveis. É essencial para o ser humano e é encontrado nos alimentos de origem vegetal como pró-vitaminas A. É um carotenoide que apresenta ação antioxidante devido às suas ligações duplas conjugadas, que são suscetíveis à oxidação sob ação de luz ou oxigênio. A macaúba é uma fruta rica em compostos bioativos que contém cerca de 45% de polpa. O presente trabalho objetivou a extração do β-caroteno da polpa de macaúba com diferentes solventes como: n-hexano, éter de petróleo e acetona. O processo de extração dos carotenoides totais baseou-se no procedimento descrito por RODRIGUEZ-AMAYA (2001) adaptado, utilizando a polpa da macaúba, etanol 70%, agitador mecânico e evaporador rotativo para obter o extrato aquoso. Posteriormente, foi extraído os carotenóides totais utilizando o vórtex, ultrassom e centrífuga. As amostras foram analisadas por meio da absorbância através da varredura do extrato etéreo entre 450 e 452 nm em Espectofotômetro UV/Vis. As concentrações de β-caroteno foram de 7,33 µg de β-caroteno.g-1 utilizando o n-hexano e 8,48 µg de β-caroteno.g-1 com éter de petróleo, sendo os dois solventes orgânicos que apresentaram boa eficiência na extração. A baixa concentração de carotenoides totais pode ser justificada pela etapa de armazenamento, devido à instabilidade de sua estrutura, os carotenoides podem sofrer isomerização e oxidação, acarretando diminuição de atividade antioxidante. Extração; β-caroteno; polpa; macaúba

O tabaco é principalmente usado para produzir cigarros e charutos, os quais são consumidos no mundo inteiro. No entanto, esse hábito não é benéfico para os usuários e a Organização Mundial da Saúde está buscando a redução deste uso para o tabaco. Nesse sentido, é necessário de outras destinações da planta tabaco que não seja somente para o setor fumageiro. Uma das alternativas do uso da cultura do tabaco é extrair o óleo de suas sementes para produção de biodiesel e outros bioprodutos. Com esse intuito, realizou-se um estudo para otimizar a extração na prensa de rosca ERT 60 (Scott Tech), comparando-se, por seguinte, duas luvas extratoras: a padrão e a otimizada, e dois tipos de sementes de tabaco: residual do Virgínia e a Solaris. Observou-se que com a utilização da luva otimizada houve aumento no rendimento de extração de 8,72% para a semente residual Virgínia e de 11,49% para a semente Solaris em relação à luva extratora padrão. Concluiu-se que o objetivo estabelecido de otimizar a extração por prensagem de óleo da semente de tabaco foi alcançado.

This work aims the comparison of energy consumption between two petrochemical routes i. e. AROSOLVAN and DISTAPEX. Both are wide used routes for aromatics production form hydrocarbon rich mixtures. As raw material was chosen a reformate mixrure richh in the three major substances namely benzene, toluene, and xylenes. The mixture of these aromatics is the main product and is known as BTX. The solvent is N-methyl-2-pirrolidone (NMP). For the analysis both processes were modeled in the software ASPEN PLUS®. It was also studied the influence of other solvents. As result for the AROSOLVAN process it was obtained a heat consumption of 485,6 kcal/kg of BTX and 70 m3/h of cooling water. For the DISTAPEX process the heat comsumption was 430,8 kcal/kg ofe BTX and 102 m3/h of cooling water. As can be seen both processes are equivalent in the matter of energy consumption.

It was studied parameters that influence the solid-liquid extraction of natural dye from annatto and the ultraviolet protection (UV) conferred by its application in a natural fiber. Annato is one of the natural dyes most used worldwide and its main pigment is the carotenoid bixin, which is converted by alkaline hydrolysis into norbixin. Different organic solvents and alkaline solutions were studied for extraction: acetone, ethyl acetate, KOH in solution and ethanol. It was analyzed the effect of the parameters: temperature, solid particle size, extraction time and solid/solvent mass ratio. The results obtained revealed that an ideal extraction was verified using ethanol:acetone 50% (v/v), 55ºC and particle size of 100 MESH. It was observed that the solvent saturated in 20 minutes of extraction, meaning that the solid can be used for more than one extraction cycle. The dye conferred an ultraviolet protection in bleached cotton of about 89% of the absorbed ultraviolet radiation

The extraction of soybean oil is made almost exclusively by the solvent extraction method, which uses the commercial hexane. In order to evaluate new solvents as an alternative to the traditional extraction process, an study of soybean oil extraction process using mixtures of ethanol, ethyl acetate and isopropanol as solvent were carried out. As results, the best extraction yield was obtained by the mixture containing 85% of ethanol, 13% of isopropanol and 2% of ethyl acetate (0,185g oil/g of soybean). Despite of the obtained oil presents the acidity and saponification index divergent from ANVISA’s specification for crude soybean oil, the refinement of this oil has improved some of its properties, such as the acid index: 0,7% of oleic acid (specified

O presente estudo tem como propósito avaliar os resultados encontrados na literatura científica referentes as diversas técnicas e materiais utilizados na retração feita após a extração de pré-molares. A preocupação prevalente na revisão foi a busca de uma visão ampliada sobre os achados que se aproximem das necessidades clínicas e dos referenciais não só quantitativos, mas também qualitativos com que se preocupam os ortodontistas para obterem resultados com sucesso. A aplicabilidade das técnicas nas diversas más-oclusões e à condicionalidade a características individuais também foram consideradas. Isto em busca de uma simplificação da forma com que possa ser compreendida e executada, a mecânica de retração visa o conforto do profissional e a confiança nos resultados. Foram citadas, contudo, algumas observações a serem consideradas no decorrer do planejamento.

Rules were established in the shallower waters of Tabasco to prevent fishing close to oil platforms ships. The article analyzes the perception of exclusion on the part of fishermen with respect to the petrolization of their marine space. Three workshops were carried out in order to obtain the fishermen's view; participatory mapping was employed to get an understanding of their fishing areas and of oil activities, as well as of the tensions between them and the "others". Spatial injustice is evident in the active exclusion of fishermen from the space surrounding oil platforms, as well as in the passive exclusion due to contamination, insecurity, and even more, bleak perspectives for the future. The article shows that these exclusions began with an acceptable arrangement for the inclusion of fishermen, which, nevertheless, led to their exclusion in order to increase extraction, given the exhaustion of Mexico's public oil extraction system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ursolic acid (UA) and oleanolic acid (OA) are two widely distributed triterpenes in fruits, especially those belonging to Rosaceae family. These triterpene isomers are of great pharmacological interest due to their multiple bioactive properties. For this reason, the objective of this study was to determine the content of UA and OA extracted from the cuticular wax of five highly edible fruits (quince, loquat, pear, peach and apple) all belonging to the Rosaceae family. The acids were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. Both UA and OA are present in all these fruits, however, UA is in greater quantities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is part of the studies on the cartography of the DP structure, focusing on the discussion of the phenomenon of the extraction of constituents out of DPs in Brazilian Portuguese (BP), a phenomenon that can be better accommodated assuming a robust DP structure in terms of functional categories. The study seeks to extend to BP the validation of the postulation of the projection of an FP category, as the most prominent projection in the nominal structure located above DP. The analysis is centered on the extraction of genitives, which are assumed to be constituents projected as specifiers, against an adjunction analysis for these constructions, as presented in Avelar (2006). With this study, we intend to present a proposal in which the structure of the noun phrase reflects the sentence-level architecture, but also allows a more homogeneous DP structure between different languages such as BP and Hungarian, for example. The theoretical framework in which discussion and analysis are developed is that of generative theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of more than 100 different chemical substances, which contain two, or more fused aromatic rings most of them toxic or carcinogenic. In this study, the Quechers extraction conditions were adapted to perform the extraction of aqueous samples. Quechers has become a standard technique for the analysis of pesticides and other organic substances. Its simplicity and low cost have made it popular in laboratories around the world for processing samples such as fruits and vegetables. The success of this method on solid samples contrasts with the advances in the extraction of aqueous samples where tedious steps of extraction, concentration and solvent changes must be carried out prior to the instrumental analysis. A methodology for the liquid-liquid extraction (water/acetonitrile) of 15 PAHs in aqueous matrices was developed. The mixture was saturated with anhydrous sodium sulfate to cause the partitioning and the extract was analyzed by High-Resolution Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection (HPLCFLD). The recoveries of analytes achieved (61-114%) were comparable to those expected using traditional extraction techniques, and with moderate uncertainty. The results were consistent with the expectations for of the required analytical and concentration ranges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes saturated biomarkers (n-alkanes, hopanes and steranes) identified in the extracts obtained from a bituminous coal treated with acid and an unconventional solvent. Extracts of Venezuelan bituminous coals were obtained through chloroform (conventional solvent) and N,Ndimethylformamide -DMF- as high extractive solvent, with and without previous acid treatment, to evaluate the performance and distribution of characteristic biomarkers. The extraction yield with DMF reached 44% w/w, while with CHCl3, this value did not exceed 2% w/w. Previous demineralization with HCl increased the extraction yield without affecting the distribution of the biomarkers, except in the ratio of light hydrocarbons to the heavy ones. DMF, therefore, is proposed as the solvent of choice to obtain geochemical information on weathered carbons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In the current study, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to assess the effects of extraction time and temperature on the content of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of purple basil leaf (Ocimum basilicum L.) extracts. The stability of anthocyanins in relation to temperature, light and copigmentation was also studied. The highest anthocyanin content was 67.40 mg/100 g extracted at 30 °C and 60 min. The degradation of anthocyanins with varying temperatures and in the presence of light followed a first-order kinetics and the activation energy was 44.95 kJ/mol. All the extracts exposed to light showed similar half-lives. The extracts protected from light, in the presence of copigments, showed an increase in half-life from 152.67 h for the control to 856.49 and 923.17 h for extract in the presence of gallic acid and phytic acid, respectively. These results clearly indicate that purple basil is a potential source of stable bioactive compounds.

ABSTRACT The knowledge concerning nutrient accumulation rate allows defining the best amount and most appropriate time for its supply. Estimating nutrient amount in the aerial part of the plants is particularly important to species such as Jatropha curcas L., since there are no consistent calibration studies to indicate the amount of fertilizer to be applied. The objective of this study was to evaluate nutrient accumulation, export and cycling in Jatropha curcas. The experiment was carried out in Cassilândia, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, during 52 months in a completely randomized design, with four replications and fifteen treatments, which consisted of different evaluation times. A large variation in the amount of nutrients accumulated in leaves was found due to senescence and leaf abscission in the driest and/or coldest period of the year. Nutrient accumulation in the aerial part is relatively low in the first 22 months. To meet Jatropha curcas requirements, fertilization during the first two years must provide 40; 50; 50; 21; 16; 5; 0.7; 0.3; 4; 8 and 1 kg ha-1 of N, P2O5, K2O, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn, respectively. From the third year of cultivation, topdressing fertilization should restitute 40, 110, 55 and 3 kg ha-1 of N, P2O5, K2O and S, respectively. To replace the exported amount of nutrients, it should be supplied more 50, 100, 30 and 3 kg ha-1 of N, P2O5, K2O and S, respectively, per ton of grain to be produced.

Introduction: The option of dental extraction for orthodontic purposes has been debated for more than 100 years, including periods when it was widely used in treatment, including the present, during which other methods are used to avoid dental extractions. The objective was to analyze the frequency of tooth extraction treatment performed between 1980 and 2011 at the Orthodontic Clinic of Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ). Material and Methods: The clinical records of 1484 patients undergoing orthodontic treatment were evaluated. The frequency of extractions was evaluated with regard to sex, Angle's classification, the different combinations of extractions and the period when orthodontic treatment began. Chi-square test was used to determine correlations between variables, while the chi-square test for trends was used to assess the frequency of extractions over the years. Results: There was a reduction of approximately 20% in the frequency of cases treated with tooth extraction over the last 32 years. The most frequently extracted teeth were first premolars. Patients with Class I malocclusion showed fewer extractions, while Class II patients underwent a higher number of extraction treatment. There were no statistically significant differences with regard to sex. Conclusion: New features introduced into the orthodontic clinic and new esthetic concepts contributed to reducing the number of cases treated with dental extractions. However, dental extractions for orthodontic purposes are still well indicated in certain cases.

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a krigagem em modelos digitais de elevação (MDEs) SRTM e ASTER como subsidio ao planejamento da colheita florestal. Foram testados os seguintes MDEs: SRTM com 30 m e com 90 m de resolução espacial (RE); ASTER com 30 m de RE; SRTM com 30 m e com 90 m krigado; ASTER 30 m krigado; e MDE padrão, obtido a partir de carta planialtimétrica. Com auxílio dos MDEs, foram gerados mapas de declividade, de acordo com as restrições operacionais de máquinas utilizadas na colheita florestal. Os MDEs foram avaliados por análise estatística descritiva e quali-quantitativa. Os MDEs apresentaram forte dependência espacial da altitude. As diferenças da raiz quadrada do erro médio entre os MDEs provenientes de imagens SRTM e ASTER originais apresentaram pequena discrepância em relação aos MDEs krigados. Os resultados da análise quantitativa e qualitativa evidenciaram melhora por meio da krigagem nos MDEs SRTM com 30 m e 90 m de RE. Entretanto, o MDE ASTER 30 m não apresentou o mesmo comportamento, sendo melhor em sua versão original. O MDE SRTM 30 m krigado apresentou maior potencial como subsidio ao planejamento da colheita florestal, na ausência de MDEs em maiores escalas.

Farmers must carefully choose the cultivar to be grown for a successful carrot crop. The yield potential of the cultivar may influence nutrient demand and should be known to plan for fertilization application. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cultivar effect on carrot yield and on the nutrient content and quantities allocated to leaves and roots. Three experiments were set up in two crop seasons in Rio Paranaíba, MG, Brazil. In the first season, typical summer, 10 summer cultivars were sown. In the second season, summer-winter (transition), two experiments were set up, one with summer cultivars and the other with winter cultivars. The treatments consisted of the carrot cultivars distributed in randomized blocks with four replications. Fresh and dry matter of the roots and leaves was quantified. Yield was calculated based on fresh matter of the roots. The nutrient content in leaves and roots was determined at the time of harvest. These contents and the dry matter production of roots and leaves were used to calculate nutrient uptake and export. The greatest average for total and commercial yield occurred in the crop under summer conditions. Extraction of N and K for most of the cultivars in the three experiments went beyond the amounts applied through fertilizers. Thus, there was contribution of nutrients from the soil to obtain the yields observed. However, the amount of P taken up was considerably less than that applied. This implies that soil P fertility will increase after cropping. The crop season and the cultivars influenced yield, nutrient content in the leaves and roots, and extraction and export of nutrients by the carrot crop.