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Object: To analyze the clinical effect of external application of self-made Chinese medicine liquid to prevent phlebitis caused by intravenous indwelling needle in our hospital. Methods: According to different nursing strategies, 600 patients were divided into control group and observation group. The observation group received external application of self-made Chinese medicine liquid in our hospital; the control group was treated with wet compress with 50% magnesium sulfate solution. Then the success rate of indwelling needle puncture, the incidence of phlebitis, the incidence of pain during intravenous drip and the patients' satisfaction with the effect of phlebitis prevention and treatment were compared between the two groups. Then, the success rate of indwelling needle puncture, the incidence of phlebitis, the incidence of pain during intravenous drip and the patients' satisfaction with the effect of phlebitis prevention and treatment were compared between the two groups. Results: The success rate of one-time puncture was 93.33% in the observation group and 81.67% in the control group. Observation group average indwelling catheter time for (3.89±2.37) days, significantly higher than that of control group (3.00±1.82) days; the incidence of phlebitis in the observation group was 27.33%, lower than that in the control group (43.00%). The satisfaction rate of observation group was 94.00%, significantly higher than that of control group (80.00%). All the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Compared with magnesium sulfate wet compress, external application of self-made Chinese medicine liquid in our hospital can effectively prevent the occurrence of phlebitis caused by indwelling needle, especially relieve pain during intravenous drip in patients, with high patient satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This overview of systematic reviews (SRs) and meta‐analysis (MAs) aimed to systematically collate, appraise and synthesize evidence for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) with the external application of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM). SRs/MAs of external application of CHM for DFUs were collected by searching Cochrane Library, Web of science, CNKI, PubMed, VIP, Embase and Wanfang. Two independent reviewers carried out the literature selection and data extraction. Subsequently, AMSTAR‐2 tool, PRISMA, and GRADE system were applied by two reviewers independently to evaluate the methodological quality, reporting quality, and evidence quality of the included studies, respectively. Eight SRs/MAs met the eligibility criteria and were included. According to AMSTAR‐2, a very low methodological quality assessment was given to the included SRs/MAs due to the flaws of items 2, 4 and 7. The PRISMA system identified protocol and registration weaknesses, as well as search method weaknesses. With GRADE, no high‐quality evidence was identified to support the role of external application of CHM for DFUs, and the quality of evidence for the vast majority of outcomes was rated as low or moderate. In conclusion, low‐ to moderate‐quality evidence supports the promise of external application of CHM for the treatment of DFUs. Due to the limitations of the evidence supporting external application of CHM for DFUs, rigorously designed and larger samples of high‐quality studies are needed going forward before broad recommendations can be made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory disease usually associated with persistent erythema and periodic flushing. This disease is difficult to treat, and the outcomes are often unsatisfactory and prone to recurrence. In recent years, botulinum toxin has been used as a new treatment for rosacea; however, its efficacy and safety remain under discussion. Although a systematic review of the effectiveness and safety of botulinum toxin has been previously conducted by other researchers, our systematic review and meta‐analysis evaluate the efficacy of botulinum toxin from a more comprehensive and detailed perspective to provide evidence for clinicians. Methods: Any study using botulinum toxin for the treatment of rosacea was considered for the analysis. Results: A total of 22 studies were included, 9 of which were randomized controlled trials involving 720 subjects. After treatment, all studies showed varying degrees of improvement in patient signs and symptoms along with reduced Clinician's Erythema Assessment (CEA) scores. The improvement was maintained for several months, and the adverse effects were mild and self‐limiting. Conclusion: Botulinum toxin may be an effective treatment for patients with rosacea; however, further clinical evidence is needed to confirm its long‐term efficacy and side effects. The study was preregistered with Prospero (CRD42022358911). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective To investigate the clinical effect of Bingpeng powder combined with montmorillonite powder in the treatment of recurrent oral ulcer.Methods A total of 50 patients with recurrent oral ulcer treated in the Department of Stomatology of this hospital from March 2020 to January 2022 were selected and divided into the observation group and the control group by random drawing method, with 25 cases in each group.Patients in the control group were simply treated with Bingpeng powder on the ulcer surface, and patients in the observation group were treated with Bingpeng powder combined with montmorillonite powder on the basis of routine external application, and the differences of pain scores, inflammatory index, effective rate and recurrence rate of oral ulcer were compared between the two groups.Results The pain score of oral ulcer, inflammatory index of oral ulcer and recurrence rate of oral ulcer in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, and the total effective rate of treatment was higher than that in the control group, and the differences were statistical significance（P＜0.05）.Conclusion Bingpeng powder combined with montmorillonite powder can effectively relieve ulcer pain, accelerate ulcer healing, and reduce the recurrence rate of oral ulcer, with good therapeutic effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Nursing in Practice is the property of Journal of Clinical Nursing in Practice (Editorial Board, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective　 To investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of the external application of Miao medicine Wuteng ointment on rabbit knee osteoarthritis ( KOA). Methods　 Ninety-six rabbits were divided into the blank control group, model group, babu ointment group, low-dose, medium-dose, high-dose Wuteng ointment groups, with 16 rabbits in each group. Except for the blank control group, rabbit KOA cartilage models were established with 4% papain saline solution in the remaining groups. In the 6th week of modeling, the rabbits in the blank control group and the model group were given sterile gauze bandaging and fixation of the right knee joint every day. The rabbits in the low-dose, medium-dose and high-dose groups of Wuteng ointment were given 1, 2 and 4 g of Wuteng plaster in front of the right knee joint of the rabbit. The rabbits in the babu plaster group were given flurbiprofen and the plaster was applied to the front of the right knee joint. All were fixed with bandages for 4 h, administered once a day, and intervened for 4 weeks. Four rabbits were sacrificed in each group at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks of administration, and cartilage above the calcified layer at the apex of the right femoral medial condyle was taken. After HE staining, cartilage tissue morphological changes were observed, and the degree of histopathological changes of knee cartilage was evaluated by Mankin's score, and the expression levels of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway downstream target genes GSK-3β, MMP-3, OPG and Notch signaling pathway downstream target gene Notch1 in the knee cartilage tissues were detected by qRT-PCR. Results　 The surface of articular cartilage in the blank control group was smooth and flat, and the structure was clear. In the model group, the surface of articular cartilage was rough and uneven, the structure was blurred, the number of chondrocytes was small and the distribution was disordered. The rabbits in the high-dose group of Wuteng ointment had smooth and flat articular cartilage surface, clearer structure, and a larger number of chondrocytes with more uniform distribution. The rabbits in the low-dose and medium- dose groups of Wuteng ointment and the babu ointment group had different degrees of joint swelling and synovial hyperemia, their hierarchy was blurred, the number of chondrocytes was small and the distribution was mildly disordered. Compared with the blank control group, the model group had a high score of Mankin's in the knee cartilage tissues (P< 0. 05). Compared with the model group, the Mankin's score in the treatment group was low (P<0. 05), and the Mankin's score in the high-dose group of Wuteng ointment was the lowest ( P<0. 05). Compared with the blank control group, the expression levels of GSK-3β, MMP-3 and Notch1 mRNA in the knee cartilage tissues were higher in the model group (all P< 0. 05) and the expression of OPG mRNA was lower (P<0. 05). Compared with the model group, GSK-3β, MMP-3 and Notch1 mRNA expression levels were lower (all P<0. 05) and OPG mRNA expression was higher (P<0. 05), and the above index changes were the most significant in the high-dose group of Wuteng ointment (all P<0. 05). Conclusion　 Miao medicine Wuteng ointment can improve knee cartilage and subchondral lesions and delay the progression of the disease in KOA rabbits, and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of downstream target genes of Wnt/β-catenin and Notch signaling pathways [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper summarized the clinical observation and nursing measures of a patient with acute mastitis during lactation treated by milk-ejection manipulation technique combined with external application of Rutong powder. On the basis of nursing assessment and basic care, the milk-ejection manipulation technique combined with external application of Rutong powder showed a positive effect on relief of pain and anxiety of the patient during lactation. This method has the advantages of few side effects, high safety and high patient acceptance. (本文总结1例哺乳期急性乳腺炎患者行手法排乳联合自制乳通散外敷治疗的效果及护理措施。在完善护理评估和常规护理的基础上, 手法排乳联合乳通散外敷治疗能够有效缓解患者疼痛和焦虑症状, 且该方法具有不良反应少、安全性高等优势, 患者易于接受。)

IntroductionExternal applications from anthroposophic medicine (EAAM) are touch-based applications such as rhythmical massages, embrocations, and compresses that serve as components of complementary treatment concepts for various diseases. The aim of this review is to gain an understanding of typical indications and outcomes and to systematically assess the effectiveness and safety of EAAM.Materials and methodsMedline/PubMed, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, Embase, and PsycINFO were searched through May 2021 and supplemented by searches in specialized databases and personal requests to experts in the field. Studies and case reports on EAAM in patients, as well as healthy individuals, were included in the qualitative synthesis. Outcome parameters depending on each study were grouped as effect themes and assigned to study clusters using Thematic Analysis for a thematic overview of effect patterns.ResultsFour RCTs, 7 cohort studies, 1 mixed-methods, 1 retrospective, 4 qualitative studies, 3 case series, and 25 case reports on EAAM were identified. The analysis indicated various effects of EAAM on physiological as well as psychological health indicators and patterns of effect development. Study quality was found to be high for only 2 studies, and moderate for 1 study, and all remaining 45 studies showed a moderate or high risk of bias or were not ratable with used rating tools.ConclusionThe included studies present a wide range of potential indications for EAAM, while showing methodological drawbacks. To determine whether EAAM can be considered an effective treatment option, clinical studies exploring the effect of different EAAM modalities on defined patient groups are recommended for the future.Systematic review registration[https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=214030], identifier [CRD42020214030].

Diabetic foot ulcers are one of the most severe complications of diabetes that have imposed great financial and psychological burdens on diabetic patients. A Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton (Nr-CWS) can be externally applied to accelerate wound healing. However, its clinical application has not yet been reported. Herein, we report two patients with diabetic foot ulcers treated with Nr-CWS. After wound debridement, the wound was covered with a sterile cotton ball infiltrated with an Nr-CWS that was diluted with 2.0 mL of saline. The covers were changed every two days until complete wound healing occurred. The two wounds healed after 3 and 12 weeks, respectively. This article aims to provide a new treatment for diabetic foot ulcers, with the hope that physicians may consider an Nr-CWS as a complementary method for the treatment of chronic wounds.

Therapeutic intravenous iron sucrose infusion is applied for the situation of iron malabsorption, or intolerance to oral iron in patients with iron-deficiency anemia. However, the extravasation of infusion drugs may lead to complications such as local swelling and pain. This paper reviewed the clinical treatment and nursing countermeasures of phlebitis caused by iron sucrose infusion in a patient. Ruyi Jinhuang ointment combined with magnesium sulfate and Hirudoid ointment were applied at different periods of treatment , and the swelling and pain relief at the back of the hand were observed. After 5 days of nursing intervention, the swelling and pain of the back of hand disappeared. (临床上对缺铁性贫血患者若出现不耐受或铁元素吸收不良情况可采用蔗糖铁静脉输液治疗, 但静脉药物外渗会引起局部组织出现肿胀、疼痛等并发症。本文总结1例蔗糖铁静脉输液治疗所致静脉炎的治疗与护理对策。通过分时段给予如意金黄膏联合硫酸镁、喜辽妥进行药物外敷, 同时观察患者手背肿胀及疼痛缓解情况。经护理干预5 d后, 患者手背肿胀疼痛消失。)

Abstract Background Liver compresses are frequently used in integrative medicine as supportive therapy during cancer treatment in order to reduce fatigue. We performed a pilot study to test whether the external application of yarrow liver compresses impacts fatigue in patients with metastatic cancer undergoing radiation therapy. Methods A randomized prospective pilot trial was performed including patients with brain metastasis or bone metastasis of solid tumors. Patients underwent either palliative radiation therapy (RT) of the metastatic lesions (control group) over two weeks or the same RT with additional external application of yarrow liver compresses once daily during RT. The primary objective was improvement on the general fatigue subscale of the multidimensional fatigue inventory (MFI-20) at the end of treatment, where a mean difference of two points is considered clinically relevant. Secondary objectives included psychological distress, quality of life and qualitative analysis with self-established visual analogue scales (VAS). Mean differences in general fatigue at the end of treatment compared to baseline were analyzed using the ANCOVA test. Results From 09/2017 to 08/2019 a total of 39 patients were randomized. Due to drop outs 24 patients (12 per group) were available for analysis. Patients in the intervention group received a mean number of 10.5 (range, 7–14) applications of yarrow liver compresses. The mean improvement at the end of therapy on the general fatigue subscale of the MFI-20 was 2 points in favor of the intervention group (p = 0.13), and all other MFI-20 subscales showed at least a trend towards improvement in favor of the intervention group. Likewise, psychological distress and VAS data was improved, the latter reaching statistical significance for the symptoms fatigue, tension and lack of drive. Major toxicities were not observed. Conclusions External application of liver compresses appears to reduce fatigue within a clinical relevant range in patients with metastatic cancer undergoing radiation therapy. Trial registration: ISRCTN, ICTRP DRKS00012999

Background: Qi et al. recently proposed a nomogram to reveal the prognostic value of peripheral blood inflammatory indexes (named Risk) and predict overall survival (OS) in limited-stage small cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC). However, it hasn't undergone external application so far. This study aimed to verify the role of Risk as a prognostic variable of OS and apply the nomogram externally. Methods: We used a retrospective analysis of clinical data of 254 patients diagnosed as LS-SCLC in Shanxi Cancer Hospital from January 2015 to December 2018 to apply Qi's nomogram externally. We also performed subgroup analysis to explore the predictive value of Risk. The model was evaluated in terms of discrimination (the area under the ROC curve (AUC ROC) and calibration (calibration plots). Results: The prognosis of patients with low-Risk was significantly better than those with high-Risk in our cohort (p<0.01). The AUC of 1-, 2-, and 3-year OS was 0.644, 0.666, and 0.635, respectively. The calibration curve showed a nearly ideal calibration-slope of 1-, 2-, and 3-year OS (1.00 (0.41-1.59), 1.00 (0.54-1.46) and 1.00 (0.43-1.57), respectively). Conclusion: The external application of nomogram added Risk for predicting OS in LS-SCLC patients showed a moderate-to-good performance using a cohort with different case-mix characteristics. The external application confirmed the predictive value of Risk and the usefulness of the nomogram for the prediction of OS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundQi et al. recently proposed a nomogram to reveal the prognostic value of peripheral blood inflammatory indexes (named Risk) and predict overall survival (OS) in limited-stage small cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC). However, it hasn’t undergone external application so far. This study aimed to verify the role of Risk as a prognostic variable of OS and apply the nomogram externally.MethodsWe used a retrospective analysis of clinical data of 254 patients diagnosed as LS-SCLC in Shanxi Cancer Hospital from January 2015 to December 2018 to apply Qi’s nomogram externally. We also performed subgroup analysis to explore the predictive value of Risk. The model was evaluated in terms of discrimination (the area under the ROC curve (AUC ROC) and calibration (calibration plots).ResultsThe prognosis of patients with low-Risk was significantly better than those with high-Risk in our cohort (p

Background: Liver compresses are commonly applied in complementary medicine during cancer treatment and are believed to have an energizing effect. We conducted a pilot study to investigate the influence of external application of yarrow liver compresses on the autonomous nervous system by analyzing the heart rate variability (HRV) in metastatic cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy and suffering from cancer-related fatigue (CRF). Methods: A randomized pilot trial was undertaken with patients suffering from CRF receiving palliative radiation therapy for bone or brain metastasis over 2 weeks. CRF patients were randomized into an intervention group receiving yarrow liver compresses and a control group receiving no external application. HRV was analyzed at the beginning (T1) and end (T2) period of the study during daytime (d) and nighttime (n) in both groups and quantified using time-, frequency-, and nonlinear dynamics domains. Results: A total of 39 patients were randomized between September 2017 and August 2019 and a total of 20 patients (10 per group) were available for analysis. For both groups, significant differences in HRV analyses were found in the comparison over the timeline between the first and second measurement (T1d→T2d) during daytime. Specifically, the intervention group showed decreased HRV and complexity of heart rate regulation, indicating increased sympathetic activity at time T2d, whereas the control group showed increased HRV and complexity of heart rate regulation, indicating increased vagal activity at time T2d. Furthermore, the observed HRV analyses showed almost no significant differences between the 2 groups in a direct comparison at the beginning and the end of the study (exception: T2d). Conclusions: Yarrow liver compresses led to increased sympathetic activity during daytime in the intervention group, whereas in the control group, which did not receive any external application, increased parasympathetic activity was observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this systematic review is to critically evaluate the evidence of the effectiveness and safety of external application of herbal medicines (EAHM) for acne vurgalis (AV). English, Chinese and Korean language databases were searched up to May 2018. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that reported the effects of EAHM for AV were included and analysed. A total of 10 randomized trials with 656 AV patients were identified. A meta-analysis of two RCTs indicated that EAHM had a significant effect on improving primary outcome ‘global assessment’ compared with placebo (mean difference (MD) = -2.62, confidence interval (CI) = -4.84 to -0.40, p = 0.02). Furthermore, data extracted from two RCTs showed that EAHM significantly reduce primary outcome ‘inflammatory lesion count of acne’ (MD = -1.25, CI = -1.68 to -0.83, p < 0.00001) and ‘non-inflammatory lesion count of acne’ (MD = -1.32, CI = -1.75 to -0.90, p < 0.00001). No significant difference was observed between groups in secondary outcome ‘sebum of skin’ (MD = -0.21, CI = -0.53 to 0.11, p = 0.20) and ‘patient-reported changes in symptom’ (relative risk (RR) = 2.56, CI = 0.43 to 15.22, p = 0.30). No severe adverse events (AEs) were found and no treatment was stopped due to AEs of EAHM. EAHM seems to have affirmative effects, but quality of evidence, and non-standardized use of EAHM make our conclusion weak. Our suggestion is rigorously designed RCTs and standardization of EAHM are required in the future.

Necrotizing fasciitis is a soft-tissue infection that is rare but life-threatening. The early clinical presentation of necrotizing fasciitis is local erythema, pain, and fever. It occurs in any part of the body, but it is mainly found in the extremities, abdominal wall, and perineum. It needs intensive care with appropriate antibiotics and extensive surgical debridement. This Case of necrotizing fasciitis was initially treated with surgical debridement and splint skin grafting. After two months of failed medical-surgical interventions and dressing, the 17-year old female in an irritable but oriented state approached the outpatient department of kayachikitsa with the unhealed wound. The Ayurvedic diagnosis of Vidradhi was deliberated after considering Pitta Dosha and Rakta, Mamsa, and Meda Dhatu. She was treated with medicines, including external applications, for one month. It resulted in complete wound healing and minimal scarring, and a satisfied patient. This Case can be the basis for future research studies.

Objective To investigate the effect of external application of Shuangbai powder combined with microwave therapy on acute joint pain of patients with gout. Methods Totally 160 patients with gout were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group, with 80 cases in each group. All patients received routine care during the treatment, and those in the observation group were given external application of Shuangbai powder combined with microwave therapy. The degree of pain, time to pain relief, time to swelling relief, time to skin temperature recovery and length of stay were compared between two groups. Results The degree of pain was lower in the observation group than that of control group (P＜0. 05). Shorter time to pain relief, time to swelling relief, time to skin temperature recovery and length of stay were found in the observation group compared with those in the control group (P＜0. 05). Conclusion External application of Shuangbai powder combined with microwave therapy is effective to reduce the acute joint pain of patients with gout. (目的 探讨双柏散外敷结合微波理疗对缓解痛风患者急性关节疼痛的效果。方法 选取痛风患者160例, 采用随机数字法随机分为对照组和观察组, 各80例。对照组采用常规干预, 观察组在对照组基础上采用双柏散外敷结合微波理疗方案。比较2组疼痛程度、疼痛消失时间、红肿消退时间、皮肤温度恢复时间和住院时间。结果 观察组干预后疼痛程度较对照组轻, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 05)。观察组疼痛消失时间、红肿消退时间、皮肤温度恢复时间和住院时间均短于对照组, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 05)。结论 双柏散外敷结合微波理疗可有效缓解痛风患者急性关节疼痛, 缩短症状持续时间。)

The influence of foliar application of benzylaminopurine (BAP) and gibberellic acid (GA3) alone and in combination on quantitative and qualitative yields of Solanum macrocarpon L. ‘Igbagba’ was investigated to increase the production of the vegetable. Treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design with three replicates. Analysis of variance showed that treatments had significant (p < 0.05) influence on all parameters measured. Foliar application of 20–40 mg·dm−3 of GA3 alone doubled the shoot heights compared with other treatments. The highest leaf area, fresh shoot weight, dry weight and number of regrowth was observed on plants to which foliar application of 40 mg·dm−3 of BAP and 30 mg·dm−3 of GA3 was applied. Combinations of 40 mg·dm−3 of BAP and 30–40 mg·dm−3 of GA3 produced the highest quantities of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, carotenoids, total phenolics, soluble sugars and soluble protein. Highest moisture, crude protein, crude fat and ash contents were detected when 40 mg·dm−3 of BAP and 10–40 mg·dm−3 of GA3 were applied. However, the application of GA3 alone promoted crude fiber and carbohydrate synthesis. Leaf Na, P, Ca, Mg, Zn and Fe had highest quantities when 40 mg·dm−3 of BAP was combined with 30–40 mg·dm−3 of GA3. Leaf K was promoted by the application of BAP alone and combination of 40 mg·dm−3 of BAP and 10–20 mg·dm−3 of GA3. The highest number of re-growth was observed when 40 mg·dm−3 of BAP was combined with 30 mg·dm−3 of GA3. Foliar application of 40 mg·dm−3 of BAP and 30 mg·dm−3 of GA3 in combination was suggested for the enhancement of quantitative and qualitative yields of the vegetable.

Background: Liver compresses are frequently used in integrative medicine as supportive therapy during cancer treatment in order to reduce fatigue. We performed a pilot study to test whether the external application of yarrow liver compresses impacts fatigue in patients with metastatic cancer undergoing radiation therapy.Methods: A randomized prospective pilot trial was performed including patients with brain metastasis or bone metastasis of solid tumors. Patients underwent either palliative radiation therapy (RT) of the metastatic lesions (control group) over two weeks or the same RT with additional external application of yarrow liver compresses once daily during RT. The primary objective was improvement on the general fatigue subscale of the multidimensional fatigue inventory (MFI-20) at the end of treatment, where a mean difference of two points is considered clinically relevant. Secondary objectives included psychological distress, quality of life and qualitative analysis with self-established visual analogue scales (VAS). Mean differences in general fatigue at the end of treatment compared to baseline were analyzed using the ANCOVA test.Results: From 09/2017 to 08/2019 a total of 39 patients were randomized. Due to drop outs 24 patients (12 per group) were available for analysis. Patients in the intervention group received a mean number of 10.5 (range, 7-14) applications of yarrow liver compresses. The mean improvement at the end of therapy on the general fatigue subscale of the MFI-20 was 2 points in favor of the intervention group (p = 0.13), and all other MFI-20 subscales showed at least a trend towards improvement in favor of the intervention group. Likewise, psychological distress and VAS data was improved, the latter reaching statistical significance for the symptoms fatigue, tension and lack of drive. Major toxicities were not observed.Conclusions: External application of liver compresses appears to reduce fatigue within a clinical relevant range in patients with metastatic cancer undergoing radiation therapy.Trial Registration: ISRCTN, ICTRP DRKS00012999. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background As a common complication of diabetes, the incidence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is 60–70% worldwide. DPN is a major risk factor for diabetic foot, which may lead to foot ulceration and even amputation. The treatment of DPN remains challenging. Our preliminary study demonstrated that the external application of Tangbi Waixi (TW) decoction to the lower extremities relieved clinical symptoms and improved nerve conduction velocity in DPN patients. The aim of this study was to verify the efficacy of TW among DPN patients and evaluate the herb mixture’s safety using rigorous methodological designs. Methods/design This study is a multicenter, double-blind, randomized controlled trial. A total of 640 DPN patients will be recruited and randomized to receive a foot bath with either the TW decoction or control drug. Participants will be assessed at baseline and 12 and 24 weeks after treatment. The primary outcome was the change of the Toronto Clinical Scoring System (TCSS). Secondary outcomes were nerve conduction velocity, blood glucose, blood lipids, serum inflammatory cytokines, and the European Quality of Life Five-Dimension Scale (EQ-5D) and TCM symptom scores. Discussion This multicenter, prospective, randomized clinical trial will provide valuable data regarding the efficacy and safety of foot bath treatment with TW decoction. Positive results would provide a novel treatment regimen for DPN patients. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR-IOR-16009331. Registered on 8 October 2016.

Purpose: In the context of whole medical systems (WMSs), external applications are manual treatments that stem from complementary medicine and are performed by practitioners, nurses and caregivers through the application of interpersonal touch. These applications work via physiological, psychological and social processes and are intended for holistic healing. In integrative oncology, these applications are used to improve patients' wellbeing. The purpose of the review is to collect and compare research results concerning external applications from WMSs applied to patients with cancer.Methods: We conducted a literature review to explore the effects of external applications on patients undergoing cancer treatment. Inclusion criteria were external applications from Anthroposophic Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Ayurvedic Medicine, examined detached from the effect interdependencies of their respective WMSs.Results: Searches identified 111 publications. Final inclusions were four Shiatsu studies (from TCM), supplemented by two case reports exploring anthroposophic external applications. The literature review suggests that external applications may improve patients' wellbeing during cancer treatment and are associated with physical and psychological effects that potentially enhance supportive cancer care. The number and quality of published studies in the field is limited.Conclusions: Future empirical investigations should assess the effectiveness and underlying effects in patients with cancer, adhere to a patient-tailored approach, and investigate the systemic complexity of touch-based applications from WMSs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chinese herbal foot and hand soaks can be an effective modality to treat musculoskeletal injuries. This article describes the theory and methodology of using herbal soaks in clinical practice. Case studies from the author's clinic are provided to illustrate the theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, the development of orthopedics, the conservative treatment of femoral head necrosis in the early and middle stages is still a difficult problem. With the progress of osteonecrosis, it may deteriorate into irreversible bone destruction, affecting the hip joint and even causing severe disability of the hip. In traditional medicine, femoral head necrosis belongs to the category of "bone erosion" and "bone erosion". As a common disease in orthopedics, the treatment difficulty is relatively large. In the view of Chinese medicine, the pathogenesis of femoral head necrosis is kidney deficiency, stagnation and so on. Clinically, most doctors use the principle of promoting blood circulation, tonifying kidney and strengthening spleen. In the early and middle femoral head necrosis, traditional Chinese medicine treatment methods are more diverse and economical, and have always been valued by the modern medical community. This study reviews the latest research progress of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of early and mid-stage femoral head necrosis, in order to provide more basis for clinical medical research and related disease treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this experiment, the PK/PD fitting model of Chuanxiong(Chuanxiong Rhizoma) in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis was established in the form of acupoint combined with external application gel paste. Firstly, the rheumatoid arthritis model was induced by ovalbumin, and the articular fluid of rabbits was extracted by microdialysis. The pharmacokinetic process of Chuanxiong in rabbit articular fluid was analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS, and the pharmacokinetic model was established. The pharmacodynamic effects of Chuanxiong on inflammatory factors IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The pharmacodynamic model was established, and the PK/PD model was obtained by fitting the data of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. The results of pharmacokinetics showed that the concentration of ligustrolide A in the articular cavity by drug administration on classical acupoint Zusanli(ST 36) was higher than that by Yanglingquan(GB 34), which reflected the advantage of typical acupoint, while ligustrazine concentration was higher after administration through Yanglingquan than through Zusanli, which was different from the traditional acupoint theory. The results of pharmacodynamics showed that the drug had lag effect. The PK/PD model was constructed by fitting the data. When IL-1β was taken as the efficacy index, the PK/PD models of Chuanxiong in typical acupoint Zusanli group, atypical acupoint Yanglingquan group, and non-acupoint group were E=115.28C&#95;e/(3 316.72+C&#95;e), E=108.73C&#95;e/(2 993.47+C&#95;e), and E=101.34C&#95;e/(3 028.51+C&#95;e). When TNF-α was taken as the efficacy index, the PK/PD models of Chuanxiong in typical acupoint Zusanli group, atypical acupoint Yanglingquan group, and non-acupoint group were E=68.31C&#95;e/(3 285.16+C&#95;e), E=59.27C&#95;e/(2 919.86+C&#95;e), and E=53.61C&#95;e/(2 862.87+C&#95;e). When IL-6 was taken as the efficacy index, the PK/PD models of Chuanxiong in typical acupoint Zusanli group, atypical acupoint Yanglingquan group, and non-acupoint group were E=59.92C&#95;e/(3 461.17+C&#95;e), E=58.34C&#95;e/(2 723.51+C&#95;e), and E=49.17C&#95;e/(2 862.76+C&#95;e). The parameters showed that there were significant differences in E&#95;(max), EC&#95;(e50) and k&#95;(eo). The analysis of data found that the PK/PD fitting effect of Zusanli, a typical acupoint, was the best, which proved that it was still the best site for drug administration. To sum up, it shows that there may be bidirectional selectivity between drugs and acupoints.

To observe the therapeutic efficacy of external application of Liuhe Dan in the treatment of anal edge edema after mixed hemorrhoid operation. A total of 160 patients who had been treated for lotion anal edge edema from January 2016 to August 2018 were enrolled research ojbects. They were divided into control group accepting routine nursing methods (80 cases) and research group accepting external application of Liuhe Dan (80 cases). The therapeutic efficacies of two groups were compared. The anal edge edema score and wound pain score of the research group were significantly lower than those of the control group (p<0.05). Meanwhile, the length of hospital stay and wound healing time of the research group were significantly shorter than those of the control group (p<0.05). External application of Liuhe Dan in the treatment of anal edge edema after mixed hemorrhoid operation could significantly improve the therapeutic efficacy and alleviate the patient's pain, which is of great application value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Practical Pharmacy & Clinical Remedies is the property of Editorial Department of Practical Pharmacy & Clinical Remedies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A case of Sluder's syndrome in a female patient, aged 56 years old, suffered from intermittent headache for over 20 years. The therapeutic methods include acupuncture with filiform needle mainly applied to the acupoints on governor vessel, foot- shaoyang meridian and foot- yangming meridian, the external application of Wúzhūyú (吴茱萸 Fructus Evodiae) on Yŏngquán (涌泉 KI1), as well as the pricking and bleeding method with the three-edge needle on Tóuwéi (头维 ST8). The alliance of these three therapies co-act on promoting the circulation of shaoyang and yangming meridians and governor vessel and have obtained an satisfactory clinical effect. After treated for 5 weeks, the symptoms all disappeared completely, such as headache, vertigo and discomfort on eyes and they were not recurred in 1-year follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nurses are confronted with patients suffering from acute and/or chronic pain in all nursing care settings and within all target groups. Although national and international guidelines on chronic pain emphasize the importance of non-pharmacological interventions (for example, hot and cold applications) and educational approaches such as teaching self-management strategies to deal with pain, the most common applied intervention for chronic and acute pain is a pharmacological therapy. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the potential of naturopathic nursing interventions for the care of patients with chronic and/or acute pain, focusing on so-called external applications such as wraps and compresses, which are safe, have a low-risk profile and are easy to apply, thus making them suitable for self-application. The use of non-pharmacological interventions as well as the counselling and training of patients in naturopathic applications offer nurses the possibility to work in an autonomous field of nursing promoting nursing as an attractive health profession., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Copyright of Nursing of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine is the property of Journal of Clinical Nursing in Practice (Editorial Board, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)