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Helen Simons traces the values that underpin her preferred methodology of case study and democratic evaluation to the central values she gained from the land of her birth. She looks back to consider what early experiences may have influenced her deep commitment to these values and how they impacted on her professional world as a teacher, a psychologist, and an evaluator. Her interview transcript which was a stimulus for this article is here: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1002/ev.20302/suppinfo. Read only. This should not be used in any form without explicit permission from the author.

How should applications legitimately requiring access to sensitive resources to carry out their functionality be granted access to those resources? The answer to this question depends on users. This article introduces user-driven access control, an alternate permission model that adheres to the principle of least privilege while reducing the burden on users to make explicit permission decisions.

Many journals and publishers employ online submission systems (OSSs) to process manuscripts. In some cases, one “template” format exists, but it is then molded slightly to suit the specific needs of each journal, a decision made by the editor-in-chief or editors. In the past few years, there has been an increase in the number of cases in which OSSs have been abused, mostly by the authorship, either through the creation of fake identities or the use of false e-mail accounts. Although the abusive or fraudulent authors are at fault in such cases, the fact that such cases remained undetected for so long is of concern. Moreover, the current OSSs are imperfect, have security issues and may not be able to detect false information, except through post-submission verification. Sting operations, which involve the submission of false manuscripts with false identities and false affiliations, are no less unethical, and those who abuse the publishing protocol deserve to be as reprimanded as those who abuse OSSs. Finally, I question the ethics of editors or publishers creating OSS accounts on behalf of reviewers prior to obtaining their explicit permission. doi: 10.5294/pebi.2016.20.2.3

Maria Bustelo relates her family and cultural values to her approach to ´ evaluating across different cultures. Being responsible and helping others take responsibility for their evaluations and through them has grown important to her. See the interview document here: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ wol1/doi/10.1002/ev.20307/suppinfo. Read only. This should not be used in any form without explicit permission from the author.

Android integrates an increasing number of features into system services to manage sensitive resources, such as location, medical and social network information. To prevent untrusted apps from abusing the services, Android implements a comprehensive set of access controls to ensure proper usage of sensitive resources. Unlike explicit permission-based access controls that are discussed extensively in the past, our paper focuses on the widespread yet undocumented input validation problem. As we show in the paper, there are in fact more input validations acting as security checks than permission checks, rendering them a critical foundation for Android framework. Unfortunately, these validations are unstructured, ill-defined, and fragmented, making it challenging to analyze. To this end, we design and implement a tool, called Invetter, that combines machine learning and static analysis to locate sensitive input validations that are problematic in system services. By applying Invetter to 4 different AOSP codebases and 4 vendor-customized images, we locate 103 candidate insecure validations. Among the true positives, we are able to confirm that at least 20 of them are truly exploitable vulnerabilities by constructing various attacks such as privilege escalation and private information leakage.

Polypharmacy is common clinical practice in the United States for many psychiatric conditions and for many reasons. In this article we encourage clinicians to use the familiar practice of differential diagnosis to systematically identify etiological factors contributing to polypharmacy. We offer a clinical approach based on (1) reviewing the four main factors responsible for polypharmacy (the disease, the patient, the physician, and society) and (2) answering two questions about optimizing medication regimens (What can I do without explicit permission from the patient or others? What can I do with permission from them?). We contend that all physicians share a professional responsibility for prescribing medications judiciously because unnecessary prescribing exposes patients to unwarranted risks and squanders valuable and scarce resources. Psychiatrists can ask themselves a Kantian question: would my way of prescribing lead to good, socially acceptable outcomes if followed by all physicians treating similar patients?

Published under Bloomsbury Open licence - This licence means you are free to share this work for non-commercial purposes only, providing you give attribution to the copyright holder and the publisher. You may not alter or transform this work without explicit permission in writing from Bloomsbury Publishing.

Published under Bloomsbury Open licence - This licence means you are free to share this work for non-commercial purposes only, providing you give attribution to the copyright holder and the publisher. You may not alter or transform this work without explicit permission in writing from Bloomsbury Publishing. What role does sports medicine play in today's society? Is it solely about treating sports injuries? Should it only be concerned with elite sport? This book provides a history of the relationship between sport, medicine and health from the mid-19th century to today. It combines the sub-disciplines of the history of medicine and the history of sport to give a balanced analysis of the role of medicine in sport and how this has evolved over the past two centuries. In an age where sports medicine plays an increasingly prominent role in both elite and recreational sport, this book provides a timely and clear analysis of its rise and purpose. Wellcome Trust funded research project on the history of sports medicine, 2004-07 between De Montfort University and University of Manchester Published under Bloomsbury Open licence - This licence means you are free to share this work for non-commercial purposes only, providing you give attribution to the copyright holder and the publisher. You may not alter or transform this work without explicit permission in writing from Bloomsbury Publishing. Please contact us to apply for permission

Published under Bloomsbury Open licence - This licence means you are free to share this work for non-commercial purposes only, providing you give attribution to the copyright holder and the publisher. You may not alter or transform this work without explicit permission in writing from Bloomsbury Publishing. Please contact us to apply for permission What role does sports medicine play in today's society? Is it solely about treating sports injuries? Should it only be concerned with elite sport? This book provides a history of the relationship between sport, medicine and health from the mid-19th century to today. It combines the sub-disciplines of the history of medicine and the history of sport to give a balanced analysis of the role of medicine in sport and how this has evolved over the past two centuries. In an age where sports medicine plays an increasingly prominent role in both elite and recreational sport, this book provides a timely and clear analysis of its rise and purpose. Wellcome Trust funded research project on the history of sports medicine, 2004-07 between De Montfort University and University of Manchester

NBER WORKING PAPER SERIESTHE ROLE OF FINANCIAL LITERACY IN DETERMINING RETIREMENT PLANSRobert ClarkMelinda Sandler MorrillSteven G. AllenWorking Paper 16612http://www.nber.org/papers/w16612NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH1050 Massachusetts AvenueCambridge, MA 02138December 2010This research is funded, in part, by a grant from FINRA Investor Education Foundation. We wouldlike to thank Jennifer Maki, Mehtab Randhawa, and Evan Rogers for their research assistance. Theresearch could not have been accomplished without the cooperation of the companies that partneredwith us. We would also like to thank Nicholas Horsewood, Annamaria Lusardi, Olivia Mitchell, andtwo anonymous referees for useful comments. All remaining errors are our own. The views expressedherein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of EconomicResearch, FINRA Investor Education Foundation, or any of its affiliated companies.© 2010 by Robert Clark, Melinda Sandler Morrill, and Steven G. Allen. All rights reserved. Shortsections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission providedthat full credit, including © notice, is given to the source.

Social Networks such as `Facebook` and `Myspace` are regarded as useful tools for people to share interests and maintain or expand relationships with other people. However, they pose the risk that personal information can be exposed to other people without explicit permission from the information owner. Therefore, we need a solution for this problem. Although existing social network sites allow users to specify the exposing range or users who can access their personal information, this cannot be a practical solution because the information can still be revealed to third parties through the permitted users albeit unintentionally. Usually, people allow the access of unknown person to personal data in online social networks and this implies the possibility of information leakage. We could use an access control method based on trust value, but this has the limitation that it cannot reflect the quantitative risk of information leakage. As a solution to this problem, this paper proposes an access control method based on a synthesized metric from trust and risk factors. Our various experiments show that the risk of information leakage can play an important role in the access control of online social networks.

NBER WORKING PAPER SERIESFOREIGN KNOW-HOW, FIRM CONTROL, AND THE INCOME OF DEVELOPINGCOUNTRIESAriel BursteinAlexander Monge-NaranjoWorking Paper 13073http://www.nber.org/papers/w13073NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH1050 Massachusetts AvenueCambridge, MA 02138May 2007We thank Manuel Amador, Pol Antras, Andy Atkeson, Wilbur John Coleman, Pete Klenow, Eva Nagypal,Giorgio Primiceri, Andres Rodriguez-Clare, Esteban Rossi-Hansberg, Martin Schneider, Aleh Tsyvinski,and seminar participants in various places for useful comments and suggestions. Gilberto Arce providedsuperb research assistance. The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarilyreflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research.© 2007 by Ariel Burstein and Alexander Monge-Naranjo. All rights reserved. Short sections of text,not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit,including © notice, is given to the source.

This online paper may be cited or briefly quoted in line with the usual academic conventions. You may also download them for your own personal use. This paper must not be published elsewhere (e.g. to mailing lists, bulletin boards etc.) without the author's explicit permission. Please note that if you copy this paper you must:  include this copyright note  not use the paper for commercial purposes or gain in any way  you should observe the conventions of academic citation in a version of the following form: Imogen Tyler, Why the Maternal Now?, published by the Department of Sociology, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YL, UK at http://www.lancs.ac.uk/fass/sociology/papers/whythematernal.pdf

On-Line Papers – Copyright This online paper may be cited or briefly quoted in line with the usual academic conventions, and for personal use. However, this paper must not be published elsewhere (such as mailing lists, bulletin boards etc.) without the author’s explicit permission. If you copy this paper, you must: • include this copyright note. • not use the paper for commercial purposes or gain in any way. • observe the conventions of academic citation in a version of the following: Robertson, Susan L., ‘Public-Private Partnerships, Digital Firms and the Production of a Neo-Liberal Education Space at the European Scale’, published by the Centre for Globalisation, Education and Societies, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1JA, UK at: http://www.bris.ac.uk/education/people/academicStaff/edslr/publications/07slr/

NBER WORKING PAPER SERIESINNOVATION AND PRODUCTIVITY ACROSS FOUR EUROPEAN COUNTRIESRachel GriffithElena HuergoJacques MairesseBettina PetersWorking Paper 12722http://www.nber.org/papers/w12722NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH1050 Massachusetts AvenueCambridge, MA 02138December 2006We would like to thank Laura Abramovsky, Manuel Arellano, Rupert Harrison, Jordi Jaumandreu,Elizabeth Kremp, Pierre Mohnen, Helen Simpson. The analysis contained in this paper was fundedby the European Commission, the ESRC and ESF under grant RES-000-23-0901 and the AdvancedInstitute of Management Research (AIM). All errors and omissions remain the responsibility of theauthors. The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the viewsof the National Bureau of Economic Research.© 2006 by Rachel Griffith, Elena Huergo, Jacques Mairesse, and Bettina Peters. All rights reserved.Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission providedthat full credit, including © notice, is given to the source.

In this paper the authors share their experiences of conducting qualitative research interviews with men about health and illness. Practical issues including interviewer preparation and questioning techniques as well as the nuances of talking with men about matters that are commonly considered to be outside male expertise and interest are discussed. Guidance to ensure that interviews are successful includes recommendations for providing explicit permission for men to break with the ideals of what men talk about, strategies for meeting the challenges of the diverse behaviour of interviewees, and considerations about the need for reflexive interviewing. Valuable insight is offered that pre-empts an awareness of the complexities, as well as stressing the value of men interviewing men about health and illness that is intended to prompt researchers to consider and reconsider the intricacies of interview-based research.

A critical omission from climate change impact studies on crop yield is the interaction between soil organic carbon (SOC), nitrogen (N) availability, and carbon dioxide (CO2). We used a multimodel ensemble to predict the effects of SOC and N under different scenarios of temperatures and CO2 concentrations on maize (Zea mays L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield in eight sites across the world. We found that including feedbacks from SOC and N losses due to increased temperatures would reduce yields by 13% in wheat and 19% in maize for a 3°C rise temperature with no adaptation practices. These losses correspond to an additional 4.5% (+3°C) when compared to crop yield reductions attributed to temperature increase alone. Future CO2 increase to 540 ppm would partially compensate losses by 80% for both maize and wheat at +3°C, and by 35% for wheat and 20% for maize at +6°C, relative to the baseline CO2 scenario.

The views expressed herein are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the National Bureau ofEconomic Research.© 2002 by Laurence Ball and Robert Tchaidze. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed twoparagraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is givento the source.

Copyright Notice This paper is included as a means to ensure timely dissemination of scholarly and technical work on a non-commercial basis. Copyright and all rights therein are maintained by the authors or by other copyright holders, notwithstanding that they have offered their works here electronically. It is understood that all persons copying this information will adhere to the terms and constraints invoked by each author's copyright. These works may not be reposted without the explicit permission of the copyright holder. Please contact the authors if you are willing to republish this work in a book, journal, on the Web or elsewhere. Thank you in advance.

On-Line Papers – Copyright This online paper may be cited or briefly quoted in line with the usual academic conventions, and for personal use. However, this paper must not be published elsewhere (such as mailing lists, bulletin boards etc.) without the author’s explicit permission. If you copy this paper, you must: • include this copyright note. • not use the paper for commercial purposes or gain in any way. • observe the conventions of academic citation in a version of the following: Robertson, S.L. and Verger, A. (2012) Governing Education Through Public Private Partnerships, published by the Centre for Globalisation, Education and Societies, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1JA, UK at: http://susanleerobertson.com/publications/

NBER WORKING PAPER SERIESHAS SURFACE WATER QUALITY IMPROVED SINCE THE CLEAN WATERACT?V. Kerry SmithCarlos Valcarcel WollohWorking Paper 18192http://www.nber.org/papers/w18192NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH1050 Massachusetts AvenueCambridge, MA 02138June 2012Partial support for this research was provided by the National Science Foundation under Grant No.SES-0951366 Decision Center for a Desert City II: Urban Climate Adaptation (DCDC). The viewsexpressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureauof Economic Research.NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peer-reviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies officialNBER publications.© 2012 by V. Kerry Smith and Carlos Valcarcel Wolloh. All rights reserved. Short sections of text,not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit,including © notice, is given to the source.

NBER WORKING PAPER SERIESMISALLOCATION, PROPERTY RIGHTS, AND ACCESS TO FINANCE:EVIDENCE FROM WITHIN AND ACROSS AFRICASebnem Kalemli-OzcanBent E. SorensenWorking Paper 18030http://www.nber.org/papers/w18030NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH1050 Massachusetts AvenueCambridge, MA 02138May 2012This paper is prepared for the NBER-Africa Project. The authors thank the project for support. Wethank Sevcan Yesiltas for superb research assistance. We also thank Mary Hallward-Driemeier, SimonJohnson, Marianna So rensen, and participants at NBER-Africa Project conferences in Cambridgeand Zanzibar for comments. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarilyreflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research.NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peer-reviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies officialNBER publications.© 2012 by Sebnem Kalemli-Ozcan and Bent E. Sorensen. All rights reserved. Short sections of text,not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit,including © notice, is given to the source.

NBER WORKING PAPER SERIESNUMERACY, FINANCIAL LITERACY, AND FINANCIAL DECISION-MAKINGAnnamaria LusardiWorking Paper 17821http://www.nber.org/papers/w17821NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH1050 Massachusetts AvenueCambridge, MA 02138February 2012This paper was invited to be written for Numeracy, the open-access, peer-review journal of the NationalNumeracy Network. I would like to thank Dorothy Wallace, from the department of Mathematicsat Dartmouth College, for encouraging me to write this review article. Audrey Brown provided excellentresearch assistance. All errors are my own. The views expressed herein are those of the author anddo not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research.NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peer-reviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies officialNBER publications.© 2012 by Annamaria Lusardi. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs,may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given tothe source.

NBER WORKING PAPER SERIESINVESTMENT AND GROWTH IN RICH AND POOR COUNTRIESYin-Wong CheungMichael P. DooleyVladyslav SushkoWorking Paper 17788http://www.nber.org/papers/w17788NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH1050 Massachusetts AvenueCambridge, MA 02138January 2012The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of theBank for International Settlements or the National Bureau of Economic Research. A substantial portionof the paper was completed while Sushko was at the University of California at Santa Cruz prior tojoining the Bank for International Settlements.NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peer-reviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies officialNBER publications.© 2012 by Yin-Wong Cheung, Michael P. Dooley, and Vladyslav Sushko. All rights reserved. Shortsections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission providedthat full credit, including © notice, is given to the source.

NBER WORKING PAPER SERIESDOES LINKING WORKER PAY TO FIRM PERFORMANCE HELP THE BESTFIRMS DO EVEN BETTER?Douglas L. KruseJoseph R. BlasiRichard B. FreemanWorking Paper 17745http://www.nber.org/papers/w17745NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH1050 Massachusetts AvenueCambridge, MA 02138January 2012This research was made possible with the gracious cooperation of Amy Lyman and the Great Placeto Work® Institute. It was supported by an Officer Grant from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation to WKHSchool of Management and Labor Relations at Rutgers, and by the Foundation for Enterprise Developmentwhich funded the Beyster Faculty Fellowships for Kruse and Blasi at Rutgers. The views expressedherein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of EconomicResearch.NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peer-reviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies officialNBER publications.© 2012 by Douglas L. Kruse, Joseph R. Blasi, and Richard B. Freeman. All rights reserved. Shortsections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission providedthat full credit, including © notice, is given to the source.

NBER WORKING PAPER SERIESGAUGING THE GENEROSITY OF EMPLOYER-SPONSORED INSURANCE:DIFFERENCES BETWEEN HOUSEHOLDS WITH AND WITHOUT A CHRONIC CONDITIONJean M. AbrahamAnne Beeson RoyaltyThomas DeLeireWorking Paper 17232http://www.nber.org/papers/w17232NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH1050 Massachusetts AvenueCambridge, MA 02138July 2011We thank Jay Bhattacharya, Sandra Decker, and conference participants at APPAM for helpful comments. All errors are our own. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarilyreflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research.NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peer-reviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies officialNBER publications.© 2011 by Jean M. Abraham, Anne Beeson Royalty, and Thomas DeLeire. All rights reserved. Shortsections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission providedthat full credit, including © notice, is given to the source.

© 2011 by Craig Doidge, G. Andrew Karolyi, and Rene M. Stulz. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source.

NBER WORKING PAPER SERIESREDUCING GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS BY FOREST PROTECTION:THE TRANSACTION COSTS OF REDDLee J. AlstonKrister AnderssonWorking Paper 16756http://www.nber.org/papers/w16756NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH1050 Massachusetts AvenueCambridge, MA 02138February 2011We thank Arun Agrawal, Eric Alston, Richard Jessor, Gary Libecap, Terrence McCabe, BernardoMueller, Esther Mwangi, Michael Oppenheimer, Elinor Ostrom, James Poterba, Ashwin Ravikumar,and Barry Weingast,for constructive criticism on earlier drafts. Funding provided by the Institute ofBehavioral Science at the University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Science Foundation (HSD-0527138; SEB-0648447; and SEB-0528146). The views expressed herein are those of the authorsand do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research.NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peer-reviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies officialNBER publications.© 2011 by Lee J. Alston and Krister Andersson. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceedtwo paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice,is given to the source.

NBER WORKING PAPER SERIESRECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN INTERGENERATIONAL MOBILITYSandra E. BlackPaul J. DevereuxWorking Paper 15889http://www.nber.org/papers/w15889NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH1050 Massachusetts AvenueCambridge, MA 02138April 2010Prepared for the Handbook of Labor Economics. We would like to thank Anders Bjorklund, DanHamermesh, Helena Holmlund, Kanika Kapur, Gary Solon, Alexandra Spitz-Oener, and Steve Trejofor helpful comments. Prudence Kwenda provided excellent research assistance. Devereux thanksthe Irish Research Council for the Humanities and Social Sciences (IRCHSS) for financial support.This chapter was completed while Black was on leave at the Department of Economics, Universityof Texas, Austin. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflectthe views of the National Bureau of Economic Research.© 2010 by Sandra E. Black and Paul J. Devereux. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not toexceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including© notice, is given to the source.

NBER WORKING PAPER SERIESCONVENIENTLY UPSET:AVOIDING ALTRUISM BY DISTORTING BELIEFS ABOUT OTHERSRafael Di TellaRicardo Perez-TrugliaWorking Paper 16645http://www.nber.org/papers/w16645NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH1050 Massachusetts AvenueCambridge, MA 02138December 2010We thank Micaela Sviatschi for excellent research assistance. Rafael Di Tella thanks the support ofthe Canadian Institute for Advanced Research. The views expressed herein are those of the authorsand do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research.NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peer-reviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies officialNBER publications.© 2010 by Rafael Di Tella and Ricardo Perez-Truglia. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, notto exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including© notice, is given to the source.

NBER WORKING PAPER SERIESEMBEZZLEMENT VERSUS BRIBERYC. Simon FanChen LinDaniel TreismanWorking Paper 16542http://www.nber.org/papers/w16542NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH1050 Massachusetts AvenueCambridge, MA 02138November 2010We thank Robin Boadway, Kenneth Chan, Avinash Dixit, Rouzhu Ke, Dennis Yang, and seminarparticipants at Chinese University of Hong Kong, City University of Hong Kong, and the 2010 conferenceof the Society for the Advancement of Economic Theory for very helpful discussions and comments. Daniel Treisman gratefully acknowledges support from the UCLA College of Letters and Sciences.The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of theNational Bureau of Economic Research.NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peer-reviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies officialNBER publications.© 2010 by C. Simon Fan, Chen Lin, and Daniel Treisman. All rights reserved. Short sections of text,not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit,including © notice, is given to the source.

NBER WORKING PAPER SERIESHOW CAN POLICY ENCOURAGE ECONOMICALLY SENSIBLE CLIMATE ADAPTATION?V. Kerry SmithWorking Paper 16100http://www.nber.org/papers/w16100NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH1050 Massachusetts AvenueCambridge, MA 02138June 2010Thanks are due to Allen Klaiber, Nicolai Kuminoff, and Sheila Olmstead for suggestions on this researchand to both Don Fullerton and Erin Mansur for very constructive commentson an earlier draft.In addition,Erin helped me to remove some mistakes in that earlier draft. Any remaining errors are mine. Thanksare also due to Natalie Cardita and Jon Valentine for preparing several versions of this paper. Theviews expressed herein are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NationalBureau of Economic Research.NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peer-reviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies officialNBER publications.© 2010 by V. Kerry Smith. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs,may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given tothe source.

NBER WORKING PAPER SERIESHOW CAN BEHAVIORAL ECONOMICS INFORM NON-MARKET VALUATION? AN EXAMPLE FROM THE PREFERENCE REVERSAL LITERATUREJonathan E. AlevyJohn ListWiktor AdamowiczWorking Paper 16036http://www.nber.org/papers/w16036NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH1050 Massachusetts AvenueCambridge, MA 02138May 2010Alevy, Assistant Professor of Economics, University of Alaska Anchorage; List, Professor of Economics,University of Chicago and NBER; Adamowicz, Professor of Economics, University of Alberta. Thanksto Ian Bateman, Daniel Kahneman, Glenn Harrison, Liesl Koch, and Robert Sugden for helpful comments.Seminar participants at several universities and conferences also provided useful feedback. Any errorsor omissions remain our responsibility The views expressed herein are those of the authors and donot necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research.© 2010 by Jonathan E. Alevy, John List, and Wiktor Adamowicz. All rights reserved. Short sectionsof text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that fullcredit, including © notice, is given to the source.

NBER WORKING PAPER SERIESTHE EFFECT OF DAUGHTERS ON PARTISANSHIPDalton ConleyEmily RauscherWorking Paper 15873http://www.nber.org/papers/w15873NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH1050 Massachusetts AvenueCambridge, MA 02138April 2010This research was funded by the National Science Foundation, Alan T. Waterman Award, #SES-0540543.The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of theNational Bureau of Economic Research.© 2010 by Dalton Conley and Emily Rauscher. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceedtwo paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice,is given to the source.

You are allowed to download this paper for personal use only. This paper must not be published elsewhere without the author’s explicit permission. The paper must not be used for commercial purposes. Published as Ulrike Felt and Helga Nowotny (1992): Striking Gold in the 1990s: The Dis-covery of High-Temperature Superconductivity and Its Impact on the Science System. Science, Technology, & Human Values 17(4): 506-531. Please cite, if possible, this version of the article. If only the reprint is available, you should cite this paper in the following way: Ulrike Felt and Helga Nowotny (1992): Striking Gold in the 1990s: The Discovery of High-Temperature Superconductivity and Its Impact on the Science System. Published by the Department of Social Studies of Science, University of Vienna, October 2009. Available at http://sciencestudies.univie.ac.at/publications Address for correspondence: Ulrike Felt Department of Social Studies of Science University of Vienna Sensengasse 8/10 A-1090 Vienna, Austria T: ++43 1 4277 49611 E-Mail: ulrike.felt@univie.ac.at http://sciencestudies.univie.ac.at

On-Line Papers – Copyright This online paper may be cited or briefly quoted in line with the usual academic conventions, and for personal use. However, this paper must not be published elsewhere (such as mailing lists, bulletin boards etc.) without the author’s explicit permission. If you copy this paper, you must: • include this copyright note. • not use the paper for commercial purposes or gain in any way. • observe the conventions of academic citation in a version of the following: Robertson, Susan, L. (2009) ‘Spatialising the Sociology of Education: Stand-points, Entry-points, Vantage-points’, published by the Centre for Globalisation, Education and Societies, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1JA, UK at: http://www.bris.ac.uk/education/people/academicStaff/edslr/publications/28slr

By providing feedback to customers on home electricity and natural gas usage with a focus on peer comparisons, utilities can reduce energy consumption at a low cost. We analyze data from two large-scale, random-assignment field experiments conducted by utility companies providing electricity (the Sacramento Municipal Utility District [SMUD]) and electricity and natural gas (Puget Sound Energy [PSE]), in partnership with a private company, Opower, which provides monthly or quarterly mailed peer feedback reports to customers. We find reduction in energy consumption of 1.2% (PSE) to 2.1% percent (SMUD), with the decrease sustained over time (7 months [PSE] and 12 months [SMUD]). (JEL C44, D03, L94, Q41). The Author 2012. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Yale University. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com, Oxford University Press.

NBER WORKING PAPER SERIESNATURE OF OIL PRICE SHOCKS AND MONETARY POLICYJunhee LeeJoonhyuk SongWorking Paper 15306http://www.nber.org/papers/w15306NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH1050 Massachusetts AvenueCambridge, MA 02138September 2009We thank the participants in the 20th NBER EASE conference and Takatoshi Ito and Andrew Rosefor helpful discussions and comments. Any remaining errors are ours. The views expressed hereinare those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of EconomicResearch.NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peer-reviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies officialNBER publications.© 2009 by Junhee Lee and Joonhyuk Song. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceedtwo paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice,is given to the source.

On-Line Papers – Copyright This online paper may be cited or briefly quoted in line with the usual academic conventions, and for personal use. However, this paper must not be published elsewhere (such as mailing lists, bulletin boards etc.) without the author’s explicit permission. If you copy this paper, you must: • include this copyright note. • not use the paper for commercial purposes or gain in any way. • observe the conventions of academic citation in a version of the following: Robertson, Susan L., ‘Globalisation, Education Governance and Citizenship Regimes: New Democratic Deficits and Social Injustices’, published by the Centre for Globalisation, Education and Societies, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1JA, UK at: http://www.bris.ac.uk/education/people/academicStaff/edslr/publications/11slr/

NBER WORKING PAPER SERIESDIRECT AND INDIRECT EFFECTS OF TEENAGE BODY WEIGHT ON ADULTWAGESEuna HanEdward C. NortonLisa M. PowellWorking Paper 15027http://www.nber.org/papers/w15027NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH1050 Massachusetts AvenueCambridge, MA 02138June 2009The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of theNational Bureau of Economic Research.NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peer-reviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies officialNBER publications.© 2009 by Euna Han, Edward C. Norton, and Lisa M. Powell. All rights reserved. Short sections oftext, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit,including © notice, is given to the source.

NBER WORKING PAPER SERIESPHYSICAL ACTIVITY:ECONOMIC AND POLICY FACTORSMelayne M. McInnesJudith A. ShinogleWorking Paper 15039http://www.nber.org/papers/w15039NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH1050 Massachusetts AvenueCambridge, MA 02138June 2009We thank Jim Sallis and participants at the NBER Conference on Economic Aspects of Obesity forexcellent comments and Chad Cotti for sharing data on sin taxes. The views expressed herein are thoseof the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research.NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peer-reviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies officialNBER publications.© 2009 by Melayne M. McInnes and Judith A. Shinogle. All rights reserved. Short sections of text,not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit,including © notice, is given to the source.

NBER WORKING PAPER SERIESREQUIESCAT IN PACE? THE CONSEQUENCES OF HIGH PRICED FUNERALSIN SOUTH AFRICAAnne CaseAlicia MenendezWorking Paper 14998http://www.nber.org/papers/w14998NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH1050 Massachusetts AvenueCambridge, MA 02138May 2009We have benefited from the help of the Agincourt Health and Population Unit under the leadershipof Stephen Tollman and Kathy Kahn. We thank Mark Collinson and Martin Wittenberg for help indrawing a sample, Merton Dagut for survey management, Alice Muehlhof for expert data assistance,Karla Hoff for many useful conversations, Esther Duflo for helpful comments on an earlier draft, andthe NIH for financial support under grants from the National Institute on Aging R01 AG20275-01,P01 AG05842-14 and P30 AG024361. The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and donot necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research.NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peer-reviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies officialNBER publications.© 2009 by Anne Case and Alicia Menendez. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceedtwo paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice,is given to the source.

NBER WORKING PAPER SERIESFOOD STAMP PROGRAM AND CONSUMPTION CHOICESNeeraj KaushalQin GaoWorking Paper 14988http://www.nber.org/papers/w14988NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH1050 Massachusetts AvenueCambridge, MA 02138May 2009¸˛We would like to thank the IRP-USDA Small Grants Program for funding this research. We alsothank Michael Grossman, Robert Kaestner, Kerry Anne McGeary and other participants at the NBERconference and pre-conference on Economic Aspects of Obesity for their suggestions and comments.The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of theNational Bureau of Economic Research.NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peer-reviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies officialNBER publications.© 2009 by Neeraj Kaushal and Qin Gao. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed twoparagraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice,is given to the source.

NBER WORKING PAPER SERIESCHINA AND THE MANUFACTURING EXPORTS OF OTHER DEVELOPING COUNTRIESGordon H. HansonRaymond RobertsonWorking Paper 14497http://www.nber.org/papers/w14497NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH1050 Massachusetts AvenueCambridge, MA 02138November 2008We thank Irene Brambilla, Ernesto Lopez Cordoba, Robert Feenstra, David Hummels, Daniel Lederman,Marcelo Olarreaga, Guillermo Perry, and Christian Volpe for helpful comments. The views expressedherein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau ofEconomic Research.NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peer-reviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies officialNBER publications.© 2008 by Gordon H. Hanson and Raymond Robertson. All rights reserved. Short sections of text,not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit,including © notice, is given to the source.

NBER WORKING PAPER SERIESCOMMODITY EXPORTS, INVISIBLE EXPORTS AND TERMS OF TRADE FORTHE MIDDLE COLONIES, 1720 TO 1775Peter MancallJoshua RosenbloomThomas J. WeissWorking Paper 14334http://www.nber.org/papers/w14334NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH1050 Massachusetts AvenueCambridge, MA 02138September 2008This paper was previously circulated with the title "The Role of Exports in the Economy of ColonialNorth America: New Estimates for the Middle Colonies". This research was funded in part by theNational Science Foundation Grant SES-0317265. We thank participants in the DAE Summer Institutemeetings, the 6th World Congress of Cliometrics, and the Western Washington University Departmentof Economics seminar for their comments on earlier versions of this paper. The views expressed hereinare those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of EconomicResearch.NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peer-reviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies officialNBER publications.© 2008 by Peter Mancall, Joshua Rosenbloom, and Thomas J. Weiss. All rights reserved. Short sectionsof text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that fullcredit, including © notice, is given to the source.