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Purpose To compare 1 new intraocular lens injector system against 3 standard injector systems in porcine eyes. Setting David J Apple Center for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Design In vitro laboratory study. Methods In 70 porcine eyes, +20.0 diopter IOLs were implanted with the following systems: multiSert, UltraSert, iTec and RayOne, i.e., S1.8 (incision size: 1.8mm), S2.0 (2.0mm), S2.2P (2.2mm, push-mode), S2.2S (2.2mm, screw-mode), U2.2 (2.2mm), iT2.2 (2.2mm) and R2.0 (2.0mm). Corneal incision sizes were measured before and after implantation with a incision gauge set. Ease of use was evaluated using a Likert scale. IOL delivery time and performance were determined based on Miyake-Apple view videos. Results The incision enlargements were 0.36 ± 0.08mm (S1.8), 0.15 ± 0.07mm (S2.0), 0.17 ± 0.12mm (S2.2P), 0.28 ± 0.10mm (S2.2S), 0.32 ± 0.09mm (U2.2), 0.30 ± 0.08mm (iT2.2) and 0.35 ± 0.11mm (R2.0). Total scores of ease of use were 23.00 (S1.8), 25.00 (S2.0), 29.00 (S2.2P), 26.00 (S2.2S), 26.00 (U2.2), 25.00 (iT2.2) and 24.00 (R2.0). As for the mean delivery time, iT2.2 took the longest time (13.20 ± 3.29 seconds), while S2.2S took the shortest time (4.50 ± 0.71 seconds). Haptic-optic adhesion was observed in S1.8 (4, 40%), S2.2P (2, 20%), U2.2 (5, 50%) and iT2.2 (5, 50%). Conclusions Injector S, with the appropriate incision size and implantation method, could achieve better results regarding incision enlargement, ease of use, delivery time and performance than other injector systems. There was an indirect relationship between incision size and inadvertent events.

This study aims to determine the effect of lowering blood glucose. The study was conducted in an experimental laboratory in vivo with one group randomized prepost-test design. The extract was made through the gradual maceration process of Benalu Kersen leaf simplicia with ethanol solvent. The extract was divided into three groups with doses of 65 mg / kg, 130 mg / kg, and 260 mg / kg of body weight. The sample used was 9 male white rats (Rattus norvegicus) which were randomly divided into three groups. Blood glucose levels were measured before induction, after induction, after 7 days, and after 14 days of giving the extract. Data analysis was performed in the form of homogeneity test, normality test, paired t-test using Excel and SPSS programs. There was significant decrease in blood glucose levels on day 0 to day 7 in dose II group. The largest percentage reduction in blood glucose levels was shown in dose II group, namely 32.6%, followed by dose I group at 18.89%. The ethanol extract of Benalu kersen leaves did have an effect of lowering blood glucose levels on alloxan-induced male white rats.

Objetivo. El presente proyecto ha evaluado la aplicación de la actividad de gamificación Escape Room como técnica para aumentar la dinamización y participación activa del alumnado en su formación en Fisiología dentro de un entorno de trabajo cooperativo, así como su percepción y evaluación indirecta de los conocimientos teóricos mediante su aplicación en un aprendizaje basado en resolución de problemas. Material y método. Se ha planificado y aplicado un Escape Room en estudiantes de Grados en Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte (CAFD) y Terapia ocupacional (TO) que cursan la asignatura transversal de Fisiología ambientado en un laboratorio experimental. Se planificó una estrategia no lineal y competitiva enfrentando a dos grupos de alumnos en espacios separados. Se realizó una encuesta de satisfacción al alumnado al término de la prueba. Resultados. El número total de participantes que realizó la actividad fue de 87. La implicación y el grado de satisfacción de los alumnos con la actividad fue muy elevado. En términos generales, el 60,8% del alumnado consideró esta actividad ‘muy divertida’ (5 puntos sobre 5), el 75,9% tuvo sensaciones positivas al realizarla, el 86,1% considera ‘haber aprendido algo’, el 87,3% recomendaría a sus compañeros realizar esta actividad y al 87,3% le gustaría repetir esta actividad con otras asignaturas o contenidos. Conclusiones. La técnica de gamificación Escape Room en Fisiología ha demostrado aumentar el interés y motivación por la materia, poniendo de manifiesto puntos fuertes y débiles en su conocimiento aplicado y promoviendo la formación y cooperación en grupo. Objective. The present project has evaluated the application of the gamification activity Escape Room as a technique to increase the dynamization and active participation of students in their training in Physiology within a cooperative work environment, as well as their perception and indirect evaluation of theoretical knowledge through its application in a learning based on problem solving. Material and Method. An Escape Room has been planned and applied in students of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (CAFD) and Occupational Therapy (OT) taking the cross-cutting subject of Physiology set in an experimental laboratory. A non-linear and competitive strategy was planned, pitting two groups of students against each other in separate spaces. A student satisfaction survey was carried out at the end of the test. Results. The total number of participants who took part in the activity was 87. The involvement and degree of satisfaction of the students with the activity was very high. In general terms, 60.8% of the students considered this activity 'very fun' (5 points out of 5), 75.9% had positive feelings when doing it, 86.1% considered 'having learned something', 87.3% would recommend this activity to their classmates and 87.3% would like to repeat this activity with other subjects or contents. Conclusions. The gamification technique Escape Room in Physiology has shown to increase interest and motivation for the subject, highlighting strengths and weaknesses in their applied knowledge and promoting group training and cooperation.

BACKGROUND: The mice are categorized as the nocturnal animal meaning that most of the activity conducted in dark environment. However, the treatment of mice as the object studied in the laboratory often experiences the lack attention especially the treat to light exposure to mice during the investigation period which potentially affect the result. AIM: The present study aims to investigate the effect of light environment in the sperm quality, RNA quality, and body weight of male Mus musculus. METHODS: We compared in the mice the desired parameter onto the sample of 16 mice which kept in light and dark cages for 6 weeks. RESULTS: The results indicated that there was a significant difference in the number of sperm, concentration, and purity of RNA between the mice exposed in dark and light environment. The average number of sperm from the ones kept in the dark was found twice as much as those in the light condition. The average RNA concentration in the dark was higher than in the light place but the RNA purity in the dark was lower than the light place. However, the motility and morphology of sperm was not showing any significancy different in both conditions. CONCLUSION: The result proved that the natural light of cages for treating the mice in the laboratory influences the amount of sperm and the quality RNA. Therefore, the control of the light room in the experimental laboratory needs to be considered, especially during the further experiment which related to the quality of sperm, RNA, and body weight of mice.

Erythrocyte index is a laboratory examination in establishing the diagnosis of anemia including MCV, MCH, and MCHC obtained from the calculation of hemoglobin, hematocrit, and the number of erythrocytes. This study aims to determine differences in the value of the erythrocyte index in venous and capillary blood. This research is an experimental laboratory study, the sample was examined at the Ar-Rahmah Tulangan Clinic in Sidoarjo in March 2020. The examination method used in this study was automatic. Blood samples were taken from 30 patients so that a total of 60 blood samples (30 venous blood and 30 capillary blood). The results of the examination with the Mann Withney test showed a significant difference in the value of MCV (p = 0.001) and MCH (p = 0.001) and there was no difference in the value of MCHC (p = 0.251).

Background: Xylotrupes gideon is a harmful insect because it damages the shoots of coconut trees. Xylotrupes gideon has begun to be used in the form of nanochitosan as an alternative in dentistry. The addition of nanochitosan to Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) material is a modification to improve the properties of GIC, such as surface roughness caused by acidic conditions (critical saliva pH). Nano-sized chitosan is able to increase stability and better absorption, thus inhibit demineralization and increase tooth hardness. This research aimed to investigate the effect of nanochitosan from Xylotrupes gideon on the surface roughness of GIC at critical saliva pH. Method: This research type conducted is an experimental laboratory. Samples of 10 mm (height) x 2 mm (diameter) divided into 2 groups, (A) Unmodified GIC (control group), (B) GIC modified with 10% nanochitosan solution. Samples of the treatment and control group are stored in the incubator at 370C for 1 hour before early surface roughness testing and continued in critical saliva pH (5,5) for 7 days in the incubator before the final test. The surface roughness tester using sutrotonic s-100 series. Result: There was an increase in the surface roughness of conventional GIC by 0.133 µm and GIC nanochitosan by 0.122 µm. The results of the paired t-test before and after immersion in the two groups showed that there was a significant difference (p 0.05) between the nanochitosan GIC and conventional GIC. Conclusion: Nanochitosan can reduce the surface roughness value of GIC at critical saliva pH, although there is no significant difference to conventional GIC.

The SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic has meant that face-to-face teaching activities have had to be replaced by distance learning. Experimental laboratories have been replaced, in most cases, by the utilization of experimental data or by simulations. In this work, we have designed four laboratory experiments to be conducted by students of thermal engineering and separation processes during confinement by COVID-19 at home, to maintain competence acquisition and learning outcomes. A mixed methodology of the educational models of autonomous learning and cooperative learning has been used in obtaining the experimental data and writing the laboratory report. Installations for thermal engineering have been 3D designed and printed and are aimed at studying the heat transmission by conduction and convection in heat exchangers. This work describes in detail the activities carried out and shares the files used in the 3D printing of the installations. The laboratory experiments of separation processes are focused on the removal of a dye (rhodamine B) from an aqueous solution by liquid-liquid extraction and adsorption. A survey made to the undergraduate students has confirmed that the methodology and installations designed have been satisfactory for their expectations on the acquisition of knowledge and skills in both subjects.

Bacterial growth is highly dependent on nutrient sources, energy sources and environmental conditions. Nutrien agar is a medium that is often used for bacterial growth. The use of Nutrien agar requires a high cost, so it is considered to have no economic value. The use of alternative media is cheap, easy to obtain, and has a large source of nutrients for the growth of the required bacteria. White sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas linneaus variety) has a high carbohydrate content to be used as a carbon source for bacterial growth. The purpose of this study was to reveal the potential of white sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas linneaus variety) as an alternative medium for the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. This research uses experimental laboratory methods. Staphylococcus aureus growth was observed, and total plate number was calculated on nutrien agar and white sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas linneaus varieties) media. Based on the research results, Nutrien agar is small in size, from 0.1 cm to a yellow colour and round shape. In comparison, the white sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas linneaus variety) has a small size of 0.1 cm, milky white with a round shape. The results of the calculation of the otal plate number from the Nutrien agar medium was 1.6 X (104) CFU. In comparison, the total plate number from the white sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas linneaus variety) medium was 8.9 X (104) CFU. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that white sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas linneaus variety) can be used as an alternative medium for the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.

The authors describe the life and activity of a famous scientist and qualified Russian surgeon, a great man with distinguished leadership ability in medicine and higher medical education, Professor Vsevolod Ivanovich Astafyev.As a student, Vsevolod I. Astafyev was keen about emergency surgery, and worked a lot in experimental laboratory. He graduated from the Kursk medical institute with honors, completing by the time his PhD thesis. However, he gave up postgraduate study and began working as a surgeon in a district hospital. After returning to the Kursk medical institute, Vsevolod I. Astafyev worked as an assistant at the hospital surgery department and successfully defended his PhD thesis. At the age of 35, he defended his doctorate thesis and competed for a post of the head of hospital surgery department at the Irkutsk medical institute. He had continued to be actively engaged in science, pedagogy and practical surgery, and organized the Siberian branch of the All-Soviet Union Scientific Center of Surgery of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences. The branch had a clinical base with 220 beds at the Irkutsk regional hospital. Vsevolod I. Astafyev created a school of polyvalent surgeons, lecturers, and scholars.In 1987, Vsevolod Astafyev accepted an offer to become the deputy head doctor of the Republican hospital of Yakutia. Shortly after coming to Yakutsk city, he was elected a deputy of the supreme council of the Yakut Republic. On his initiative, supported by the Republic’s governance, a modern equipped medical center was built and put into operation within a short time. The so-called “sanctuary of science” still successfully works as one of the leading clinics of Russia and abroad.

Clinically, timely reperfusion strategies to re-establish oxygenated blood flow in ischemic heart diseases seem to salvage viable myocardium effectively. Despite the remarkable improvement in cardiac function, reperfusion therapy could paradoxically trigger hypoxic cellular injury and dysfunction. Experimental laboratory models have been developed over the years to explain better the pathophysiology of cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury, including the in vitro hypoxia-reoxygenation cardiac injury model. Furthermore, the use of nutritional myocardial conditioning techniques have been successful. The cardioprotective potential of flavonoids have been greatly linked to its anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties. While several studies have reviewed the cardioprotective properties of flavonoids, there is a scarce evidence of their function in the hypoxia-reoxygenation injury cell culture model. Hence, the aim of this review was to lay out and summarize our current understanding of flavonoids' function in mitigating hypoxia-reoxygenation cardiac injury based on evidence from the last five years. We also discussed the possible mechanisms of flavonoids in modulating the cardioprotective effects as such information would provide invaluable insight on future therapeutic application of flavonoids.

The denture base is an important part because it acts as a support for the tissue around the tooth. Optimal support and aesthetic result in the manufacture of denture bases require several considerations. Color and dimensional sta- bility are one of the important factors for denture bases. In this experimental laboratory study, the denture base was immersed in chocolate and tea drinks and measured the color and dimensional stability before and after immersing. Colorimeter is used as a measurement device for color stability and digital calipers as a measurement device for dimensional stability. The mean differences in color and base dimensions of the dentures were tabulated and the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyze them. The results showed that there were very high differences in color and dimensions of immersing tea drinks

Objectives: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 0.1% novel folic acid gel in blunt dental instrument-induced oral ulcer in animal models (both rats and rabbits). Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the Experimental Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University. Animals were randomly divided into three interventional groups, namely Group 1 (folic acid gel), Group 2 (triamcinolone oromucosal paste) and Group 3 (control). We created a linear oral ulcer of 5 mm with the blunt dental instrument in both rats and rabbits. Each group consists of 10 animals (6 rats + 4 rabbits). Group 1 received test drug 0.1% novel folic acid gel formulated by us, Group 2 was positive control and received standard local drug 0.1% Kenacort triamcinolone oromucosal paste and Group 3 served as a negative control group where no treatment was given. Results: No untoward reaction was observed on the irritancy test. Kruskal–Wallis test applied for comparison of results. After 1 week of post-ulcer induction, there was a marked improvement in healing of oral ulcers in both Group 1 and Group 2, but more statistically significant healing was seen in Group 1 (folic acid gel). Both Groups 1 and 2 showed steady improvement in the healing of oral ulcers as compared to their pre-treated values and again were more marked in Group 1. Conclusion: Local folic acid gel supplementation was safe and had shown to augment oral ulcer healing in rats and rabbit’s animal models.

METHODS: The research method used in this research was experimental laboratory with pre-and posttest only control group design. RESULTS: The result shows that the extradiol level which has range of 26.30–31.03 from 28 experimental animals measured, this showed more measurement diameter which has not had measurement addition compare with the wide percentage of measurement. The result shows strong correlation between digitalized measured wide follicles to the changing of estradiol level with value of 0.453. The result of comparation between estradiol level and measured diameter shows weak correlation. This shows that manual measurement of follicle diameter still weak to the changing of estradiol level. CONCLUSION: There is strong correlation between measured wide area follicle used ImageJ applications to the changing of estradiol level compare to the measurement of follicle diameter.

A fungal skin is a thin flexible sheet of a living homogeneous mycelium made by a filamentous fungus. The skin could be used in future living architectures of adaptive buildings and as a sensing living skin for soft self-growing/adaptive robots. In experimental laboratory studies we demonstrate that the fungal skin is capable for recognising mechanical and optical stimulation. The skin reacts differently to loading of a weight, removal of the weight, and switching illumination on and off. These are the first experimental evidences that fungal materials can be used not only as mechanical ‘skeletons’ in architecture and robotics but also as intelligent skins capable for recognition of external stimuli and sensorial fusion.

Background : Diabetes mellitus is a disease that is included in the group of metabolic diseases, characterized by hyperglycemia that occurs due to abnormal insulin secretion. Generally, treatment of diabetes mellitus uses insulin injection and Oral Hypoglycemic Drugs (OHD). In addition there are also animals are trusted by public in healing diabetes mellitus. Antlions (Myrmeleon sp) is a useful animal to treat diabetes mellitus. The body of antlions contains sulfonylureas which is a substance that stimulates insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cells. Aim : The objective of this research was to analyze the effect of antlions extract on blood glucose level of male swiss mice induced by streptozotocin Methods: This research was a pure experimental laboratory study and the design used is the Pre Test and Post Test Control Group Design, which is done by comparing the results of observations in the control and treatment groups after the action was done. Sampling was done using the simple random sampling technique. The sample size used in this study amounted to 30 mice. The data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA test with a confidence level of 95%. Results: The administration of antlions extract could lower (p

Despite different criteria to diagnose a prosthetic joint infection (PJI), aetiological diagnosis of the causing microorganism remains essential to guide treatment. Molecular-biology-based PJI diagnosis is progressing (faster, higher specificity) in different techniques, from the experimental laboratory into clinical use. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction techniques (custom-made or commercial) provide satisfactory results in clinical series of cases, with specificity close to 100% and sensitivity over 70–80%. Next-generation metagenomics may increase sensitivity while maintaining high specificity. Molecular biology techniques may represent, in the next five years, a significant transformation of the currently available microbiological diagnosis in PJI. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:93-100. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200118

In this paper, we report about chemically interaction between Pt Subnano-Clusters on Graphene Nano Sheets (GNS). The aim of this research is to clarify the size effect of Pt clusters on Pt 1–7 wt.%/GNS. This research is an experimental laboratory research. GNS was synthesized by using modified Hummer’s method and 1–7 wt.% Pt/GNS were prepared with impregnation method. Then, they were analyzed with TG/DTA, XRD, TEM and XPS, respectively. The results show that Pt clusters are well deposited on GNS (TG/DTA and TEM data). Those data also are consistent with XRD data. The weak and broad peaks appear at 2θ = 39°, indicating Pt metal exists on GNS. The state of Pt is confirmed by using XPS. The appearance of Pt 4f. peaks proves that Pt metal is chemical interaction on GNS. The size of Pt clusters may affect the chemically properties of Pt/GNS catalysts.

Effectiveness Of Various Concentrations Of Lemongrass Leaf Extract Lotion (Cymbopogon nardus) As Repellent Of Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes. Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a disease caused by dengue virus which is transmitted through the bite of the Aedes aegypti mosquito. Vector control efforts that are popular in the community are using chemical insecticides. The use of insecticides can cause mosquito resistance and cause poisoning in humans. Then effective controls need to be developed to avoid these impacts. Safe control of health and environmentally friendly is to use natural repellent derived from plants, one of which is lemongrass leaf (Cymbopogon nardus). The purpose of this study is to know the effectiveness of various concentrations of lemongrass leaf extract lotion (Cymbopogon nardus) as repellent of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. This type of research is an experimental laboratory with the research design of The Posttest - Only Controlled Group Design. The research method by hand control and treatment is presented in a cage containing 25 Aedes aegypti mosquitoes for 6 hours with repetition 10 times each hour. The results showed that a concentration of 20% had an average protective capacity of 82.8%, a concentration of 40% had an average protective capacity of 95.0%, an concentration of 80% had an average protective capacity of 98.1% and lotion repellent from chemicals with the brand "X" has an average protection capacity of 88.6%. The results of the Kruskal Wallis analysis proved significant with p = 0.003 α (0.05), so there were significant differences in the protective power. The conclusion of the study was that the lemongrass leaf extract lotion was effectively used as a repellent of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes at a concentration of 40% and 80% because the protective power value 90% even though it had been used for 6 hours.

Various kinds of plants have been used as medicinal plants since ancient times, considering that medical costs are not affordable for everyone, natural medicine with traditional medicinal plants is seen as an affordable alternative. Like the avocado. Avocado (Persea americana) can be used as medicine. Avocado fruit besides the flesh which has a high nutritional content, avocado seeds also have a high nutritional content. Research shows avocado seeds have greater properties because their antioxidant content can be up to 70%. The purpose of this study is to determine the nutritional content of flat bread with avocado seed flour substitution. This research was conducted at the Feed Laboratory of the Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Hassanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi by using the experimental laboratory method or trial method. The results of the research included 39.45% water content, 1.66% ash content, 8.24% crude protein content, 0.43% fat content, 1.47% fiber content, and 233 ppm flavonoids content.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo, a partir da aproximação entre elementos estéticos e teóricos, debruçar-se sobre o conceito de gestus social na obra de Bertolt Brecht, com atenção especial voltada para a relação entre sua teoria do teatro épico e seus escritos em prosa concatenados em Histórias do sr. Keuner. Ao considerar a produção artística como um laboratório experimental de (des)montagem de pormenores significativos, as fronteiras entre formas de arte e formas de vida se diluem numa reinvenção da técnica de linguagem. Além disso, ao tomar a história como montagem, no caminho contrário ao historicismo clássico, ele desestabiliza paradigmas epistemológicos da história da arte para pensar a arte construída a partir da sobrevivência de imagens – gestus.

Textile dye is a material that has a negative effect on environmental quality, one of the textile dyes is violet crystal. Biodegradation is one of the methods that used in waste treatment and can take advantage of microbial activity to degrade waste. Mangroves are ecosystems that are found along coastal waters in tropical and subtropical areas. Microorganisms such as bacteria are able to live and develop in mangrove roots. This study aims to isolate and identify the bacteria that live on mangrove roots morphologically and are able get degrade textile dyes. This research was conducted using experimental laboratory methods. Samples were isolated from mangrove roots obtained in Wonorejo Surabaya sterilely. The process of isolation and verification of bacterial morphology was carried out at the Microbiology Laboratory of Hang Tuah University, Surabaya. The method of isolation was carried out using the spread method, and the purification of the bacteria was carried out using the streak method. The results obtained 10 bacterial isolates from the results of isolation and morphological examination, while 2 isolates were able to degrade the violet crystal textile dye, called AB.1.2 and AB.1.5 which were indicated by the presence of clear zones.

Background: Chlorella vulgaris is one type of one-celled green algae, can multiply quickly, easy to cultured, and has a high survival ability. Mineral content of C.vulgaris plays a major role in bone and teeth mineralization and the regulation of blood calcium and phosphorus levels. One way to increase the effectiveness of the use of C.vulgaris in the process of bone remo-deling is to make a formulation of C.vulgaris extract in the gel form. Objective: To determine the formulation and safety of C.vulgaris gel preparations as bone remodeling material. Method: Experimental laboratory. Conclusion: the 5% concen-tration of gel preparation of C.vulgaris is the best formulation compared to other concentrations

Pendahuluan: Preservasi yang baik dan tepat dapat mempertahankan koleksi kultur dengan baik. Teknik preservasi subkultur berkala merupakan teknik lama yang kurang dapat menjamin sifat-sifat genetik jamur dalam jangka waktu lama. Air steril adalah salah satu metode alternatif dalam berbagai penelitian dalam menjamin sifat-sifat genetik jamur dalam waktu lama dan dapat dilakukan pada konsep laboratorium sederhana. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat metode preservasi berkala dan dengan air steril. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan desain eksperimental laboratorium pada jamur Aspergillus sp. dan Candida albicans.Penelitian ini melihat metode subkultur berkala dan dengan air steril dalam menjaga viabilitas, tingkat kontaminasi, morfologi dan resistensi terhadap antijamur setelah enam bulan. Hasil: Jamur dapat hidup setelah dipreservasi dengan subkultur berkala tanpa kontaminasi, perubahan morfologi dan resistensi. Aspergillus sp. dan Candida albicans juga hidup setelah dipreservasi dengan air steril selama enam bulan dengan morfologi yang sama dan tanpa kontaminasi. Zona inhibisi Aspergillus sp. mengalami penurunan namun pada Candida albicans tetap sama. Simpulan: Preservasi jamur dengan subkultur berkala dan dengan air steril dapat diterapkan pada Aspergillus sp. dan Candida albicans.

Background: Acrylic resin was a material of denture base which frequently used, but it still had a weakness that it was porous, then, it was often the breeding ground of Candida albicans. Virgin coconut oil (VCO) contained fatty acid which was effective to hamper the growth of C.albicans. Objective: This research was to identify the effect of VCO on the growth of C.albicans on acrylic resin denture. Methods: This research was an experimental laboratory research which exerted post-test control group design. The total sample 24 which were divided into 3 groups of treatment and 1 group of control. The treatment covered acrylic plates soaking which have been contaminated with C.albicans suspension into VCO in concentration level 25%, 50%, 75%, and sterile aquades for 8 hours. The acrylic plate was vibrated to knock out C.albicans and was then continued by colony counting on the media of Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA). The statistic test employed Kruskal-Wallis and continued to the Post-Hoc test which employed Mann-Whitney. Findings: The VCO in concentration level 25%, 50%, and 75% affected to inhibit the growth of C.albicans. In the Kruskal-Wallis test, it was found a significant difference between the number of C.albicans on the control group and the VCO in concentration level 25%, 50%, and 75% (p0,05). Conclusion: The VCO in concentration level 25%, 50%, and 75% affected was able to hamper the growth of C.albicans. Further, there was no significant difference in each VCO concentration.

The user of acrylic partial denture more than 4,5% on Indonesia Country, expecially on West Borneo distrik. Used acrylic partial denture in mouth must be clean, because in the moulth many bacteria. Plaque is a collection of bacteria. Plaque causes of diseases on the teeth and moulth. Plak Cleaning plak using toothbrush and moulthwash. Polygonum minus Huds is the endemic plants in West Borneo. Contained of Polygonum minus Hud are phenolic compounds, flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, tannins, saponins, and essential oils. It is can antibacterial in the form of Methanol Extract. the purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial effects of infusion extracts on the collection of bacteria on acrylic denture in the mouth. This study is experimental laboratory research with a posttest only control group design. It was conducted by comparing the antibacterial of Polygonum minus Huds in infusa of 25%, 50%, and 75%. Antibacterial test uses dilution test Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST). Data analysis uses qualitative data analysis. The results of the study is infusa Polygonum minus Huds can reduce bakteri colony in acrylic denture. The higher the concentration of the infusa, the higher, the highter antibakteri effect

BACKGROUND Physical exercise is strongly associated with the release of β-endorphin. It is assumed that the type and intensity of physical exercise contributes to the release of β-endorphin. This study aimed to compare levels of β-endorphin in brain tissue in response to aerobic and anaerobic physical exercise. METHODS This study was an experimental laboratory study using 35 male Wistar rats divided into one control group and two physical exercise treatment groups: aerobic and anaerobic. Physical exercise was conducted on an animal treadmill running at aspeed of 20 m/min for 30 min of aerobic exercise and 35 m/min with 1-min intervals every 5 min for 20 min for anaerobic exercises. Each aerobic and anaerobic exercise group was furtherly classified into three subgroups (1×/week, 3×/week, and 7×/week). β-endorphin levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The data were analyzed using independent t-test and one-way analysis of variance. RESULTS The highest mean of β-endorphin level was found in the weekly exercise (54.45 [1.41] pg/ml) of aerobic exercise group and daily exercise (70.50 [11.67] pg/ml) of anaerobic exercise group. Mean of β-endorphin level in control group was 33.34 (3.54) pg/ml. A significant increased of β-endorphin mean level (p

Objective This study was aimed to know the effect of parity, nutritional mother, age of the baby, and smoking status to antioxidant of breast milk. Method This study was an experimental laboratory study aimed at obtaining total antioxidants in breast milk. A sample of 24 people was taken using purposive sampling that met the inclusion criteria, namely postpartum mothers over ten days who were breastfeeding, mothers who gave birth normally enough months (37–40 weeks), babies born alive, and were willing to participate in this study by signing informed consent. Samples taken were breastfeeding mothers who have babies less than or equal to 6 months old. A sample of 10 ccs of breast milk was taken from the respondent using a breast milk pump, and then it was tested for its antioxidant levels by testing the antioxidant activity of the DPPH method (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) in the Biopharmaca Laboratory. Results The results showed that there was no influence of the parity (p = 0.464), the age of the baby (p = 0.649), the nutritional status of the mother (p = 0.960) on the antioxidant breast milk but smoking status had significant influence with antioxidants breast milk (p = 0.026). Conclusion Parity, nutritional status of the mother, and age of baby are not influenced antioxidants of breast milk, but smoking status has significant influence.

Structural health monitoring is an essential process for ensuring the safety and serviceability of civil structures. When a structure suffers from damage, it is necessary to implement maintenance programs for returning the structural performance and integrity to its initial normal condition. An important challenge is that the structure of interest may be damaged even after a sophisticated maintenance program. This conveys the great necessity of performing the second level of structural condition assessment and damage detection of maintained structures. To achieve this aim, this article proposes a novel methodology using the concept of supervised learning. The main objective of the proposed methodology is to train various supervised learning classifiers using a training dataset that consists of features regarding both the undamaged and damaged states of the structure before the maintenance program in the first level. Once the classifiers have been trained, one attempts to predict the class labels of test samples associated with the current state of the structure after the maintenance program during the second level. According to the predefined class labels of the training and test samples in the first stage, it is feasible to recognize the current state of the maintained structure in the second level and detect potential damage. The major contribution of this article is to introduce the concept of supervised learning for damage detection in an innovative manner. A numerical concrete beam and an experimental laboratory frame are used to demonstrate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed methodology. Results show that this methodology is a practical and reliable tool for structural condition assessment and damage detection of maintained structures.

Injectable hormonal contraception has been the most favorable contraception method in Indonesia in 2013 and its number reaches 4,128,115 acceptors (48.56%). The estrogen and progesterone contents in injectable contraception could cause stress, increased appetite, decreased leptin level and insulin resistance, eventually leading to increased blood glucose and serum malondialaldehyde levels. This study aims to observe the main effect of use of combined estrogen-progesteron and only progesteron injectable hormonal contraceptions on glucose level in blood and malondialaldehyde (MDA) level in serum. This is an experimental laboratory study. It uses Randomized pre-post test group research design for glucose level and randomized post test with control for malondialaldehyde level. The data are analyzed using Anova. The significance value is p

Chinese petai (Leucaena leucocephala folium) and aloe vera (Aloe vera L.) have medicinal properties among the plants. The objective of this study was to determine the number of inhibitory zones produced by the ethanol extract of Chinese petai and aloe vera on the growth of Escherichia coli. The research method was In-vitro Experimental Laboratory research design with the Kirby Bauer method. The samples used was Chinese petai and aloe vera with pure strains of E. coli. One Way ANOVA was used to compare the differences in inhibition of Chinese petai and aloe vera on the growth of E. coli. The results of a combination of Chinese petai and aloe vera extract test showed that there were significant differences in the concentration of 25 g, 50 g, 75 g, and 100 g (p

This study aims to determine the blood sugar-lowering effect of Melastoma malabathricum L. infusion on Mus musculus. The research design used was an experimental laboratory carried out in the pharmacology laboratory of the Ho Chi Minh City University. This study used 15 male mice which were divided into 5 groups consisting of group I as negative control by giving aquadest, groups II, III, IV were given infusion of Melastoma malabathricum L. respectively 0.1 g/ml, 0.2 g/ml, and 0.4 g/ml, and group V as a positive control with glibenclamide suspension. The results showed that statistical testing using the SPSS program showed a significant difference (p

Primary healing occurs when both edges of the adjacent incision wound meet. To achieve primary healing, bringing the wound edges closer is generally done by suturing. At present comes one of the methods of skin incision closure without involving sutures called zip surgical skin closure. As an indicator of commonly used wound healing, tensile strength is produced by collagen that involves TGF-β in its production. This study was aimed to observe the expression of TGF-β and tensile strength of the skin incision-post wound using simple interrupted suturing or zip surgical skin closure. An experimental laboratory, this study used Sprague Dawley rats with the predetermined inclusion criteria. Thirty-six rats were applied with 3 cm-dorsal skin incisions after which they were divided into 2 groups, group 1 received simple interrupted suturing and group 2 received zip surgical skin closure. TGF-β examination was performed with BS-0086R polyclonal antibodies and wound tensile strength was observed on day 3, 7 and 14. The independent t-test showed that the tensile strength of the zip surgical skin closure group was higher and was significant as observed on day 7 (p = 0.000) than that of the simple interrupted suturing group. TGF-β expression in the zip surgical skin closure group was found more numerous and significant on day 7 and 14 than that of in the simple interrupted group, (p = 0.025) and (p = 0.032) respectively. Conclusion. Skin incision-post wound healing with zip surgical skin closure is better and shows higher tensile strength and more numerous TGF-β expressions than simple interrupted suturing., Highlights • Primary healing, especially healing that occurs immediately after closing edge wound. • Tensile strength is as an indicator of commonly used wound healing produced by collagen that involves TGF-β in its production. • The tensile strength of wound healing increases along with to the number of collagen produced and the bond between collagen matrices. ∙ TGF-β is a multifunctional growth factor, known as fibrogenic cytokines which are the key factor in stimulating the synthesis of ECM and inhibiting the process of matrix degradation

Fibrosis and cirrhosis are traditionally diagnosed by making a biopsy. However, in recent decades, scientists around the world have shown that the accepted “gold standard of diagnosis” – morphological assessment of biopsy – has a number of limitations. The search for non-invasive techniques to diagnose fibrosis has led to the development of many scales using laboratory indices. Non-invasive diagnostic techniques are safer for the patient than liver biopsy. In addition, they can be repeated in a dynamic to assess the condition of the liver over time. Most currently available non-invasive diagnostic techniques are considerably cheaper than the accepted “gold standard”. Their practical use is increasing every year, and in a number of countries the frequency of liver biopsies in viral hepatitis B and C is steadily decreasing due to the development of serum and imaging diagnostic systems. Recent studies show that the assessment of the degree of fibrosis by non-invasive methods is as accurate as a morphological study. In recent years, a number of serum markers have been considered as non-invasive diagnostics of the stages of liver fibrosis, among which the largest number of studies are devoted to hyaluronic acid, type IV collagen, and their combination with various common laboratory tests. The latest non-invasive techniques will make a significant paradigm shift in the evaluation of liver fibrosis in the near future. In this review we have analyzed widely used as well as experimental laboratory techniques used in the diagnosis of liver fibrosis.

Latar Belakang : DM merupakan penyakit kronis yang memiliki komplikasi jangka panjang. Aloksan merupakan cara cepat untuk menghasilkan kondisi diabetik eksperimental (hiperglikemik) pada binatang percobaan yang terkait peningkatanLDL. Tanaman jeruju (Acanthus ilicifolius) merupakan tanaman herba rendah yang mudah tumbuh mengandung senyawa-senyawa metabolit sekunder seperti Alkaloid, Saponin, Flavonoid, Terpenoid, dan Fenol. Tujuan : Untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak daun jeruju terhadap penurunan kadar LDL darah tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) jantan galur Wistar yang diinduksi aloksan.Metode : Penelitian ini termasuk jenis eksperimental laboratoris dengan rancangan Post Test Only Control Group Design. Sampel sebanyak 24 ekor tikus, yang dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok : kelompok kontrol negatif (K-) diberi pakan standar; kelompok kontrol positif (K+) diinduksi aloksan 120mg/kgBB hari ke-1; kelompok perlakuan (P) diinduksi aloksan 120 mg/kgBB hari ke-1 dan ekstrak daun jeruju 67,2 mg/kgBB hari ke-5-14. Hari ke-15 dilakukan pengambilan sampel darah untuk penentuan kadar LDL darah. Hasil : Hasil uji One-Way ANOVA, menunjukkan perbedaan rerata yang tidak signifikan (p = 0,270) pada kadar LDL darah kelompok kontrol negatif ( = 9,75 mg/dl) dengan kelompok kontrol positif ( = 11,38 mg/dl). Perbedaan rerata yang tidak signifikan (p = 0,270) pada kelompok perlakuan ( = 9 mg/dl) dengan kadar LDL darah kelompok kontrol positif ( = 11,38 mg/dl) dan kelompok kontrol negatif ( = 9,75 mg/dl).Kesimpulan : Pemberian aloksan dapat meningkatkan kadar LDL darah hewan coba dan pemberian ekstrak daun jeruju dapat menurunkan kadar LDL darah hewan coba namun tidak signifikan secara statistik.

Pork is one of the most consumption types of meat in the East Nusa Tenggara region.. Moringa leaf are one part of the plant which is known to have antimicrobial compounds.The aimof this research was to determine the influence of Moringa leaf infusion as a natural preservative to the quality of pork.This research is an experimental laboratory research and used a total of 48 samples of thigh pork (Biceps femoris). This research used a completely randomized design with factorial pattern. The first factor was concentration of infusion Moringa leaf consist of 0% (K0), 5% (K1), 10% (K2), and 15% (K3) and the second factor was time of storage consist of 0,6, 12, and 18 hours with 3 replications. The parameters of porkquality that have been examined: color, texture, odor, value in the Eber test, pH value, and total plate count (TPC) value.The results showed that the addition of Moringa leaf infusion change the color and odor. The Eber test shows the K3 group can last up to 18 hours. There was no significant effect of infusion concentration (P> 0.05) on the pH value and there was a very significant effect on the time of storage (P

To biomechanically evaluate MPTL reconstruction and compare it with two techniques for MPFL reconstruction in regard to changes in patellofemoral contact pressures and restoration of patellar stability. This is an experimental laboratory study in eight human cadaveric knees. None had patellofemoral cartilage lesions or trochlear dysplasia as evaluated by conventional radiographs and MRI examinations. The specimens were secured in a testing apparatus, and the quadriceps was tensioned in line with the femoral shaft. Contact pressures were measured using the TekScan sensor at 30°, 60° and 90°. The sensor was placed in the patellofemoral joint through a proximal approach between femoral shaft and quadriceps tendon to not violate the medial and lateral patellofemoral complex. TekScan data were analysed to determine mean contact pressures on the medial and lateral patellar facets. Patellar lateral displacement was evaluated with the knee positioned at 30° of flexion and 9 N of quadriceps load, then a lateral force of 22 N was applied. The same protocol was used for each condition: native, medial patellofemoral complex lesion, medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction (MPFL-R) using gracilis tendon, MPFL-R using quadriceps tendon transfer, and medial patellotibial ligament reconstruction (MPTL-R) using patellar tendon transfer. No statistical differences were found for mean and peak contact pressures, medial or lateral, among all three techniques. However, while both techniques of MPFL-R were able to restore the medial restraint, MPTL-R failed to restore resistance to lateral patellar translation to the native state (mean lateralization of the patella [mm]: native: 9.4; lesion: 22; gracilis MPFL-R: 8.1; quadriceps MPFL-R: 11.3; MPTL-R: 23.4 (p

La conservacion del patrimonio arquitectonico no monumental supone un reto para la sociedad actual, cuyo primer paso es el estudio de sus caracteristicas, condiciones y relaciones. El estudio de grandes conjuntos de muestras, como son los cascos historicos de las ciudades, plantea el problema de la gestion de un elevado volumen de informacion, la cual no debe ser analizada edificio a edificio sino en conjunto, comprendiendo el entorno como una unidad. Los sistemas de informacion geografica (GIS, por sus siglas en ingles), constituyen una herramienta que permite gestionar grandes cantidades de datos relacionados entre si y vinculadas a su ubicacion, permitiendo visualizar sucesivas capas de informacion tanto de forma analitica como grafica, posibilitando un analisis de la informacion racional y dinamico. El objetivo de esta comunicacion es mostrar la utilidad de los sistemas de informacion geografica para el estudio de los centros historicos de las ciudades. Para ello se utiliza como laboratorio de experimentacion el cementerio de Jesus de Murcia, cuyas caracteristicas se asimilan a las de un fragmento de tejido urbano de edificaciones de caracteristicas tipologicas, constructivas y materiales semejantes a las de un centro urbano. La metodologia planteada para el estudio se divide en tres fases: la primera recoge los trabajos previos de documentacion y creacion del modelo de toma de datos in situ, la segunda corresponde al trabajo de campo, el cual permite la recopilacion de la informacion; la tercera fase corresponde al volcado de la informacion y su procesado para la obtencion de resultados. El estudio ha permitido la obtencion de una gran cantidad de informacion cronologica, tipologica, material y patologica de los panteones del cementerio, la cual ha sido mapeada, lo que ha permitido establecer relaciones entre parametros como la situacion de los panteones, su antiguedad, su tipologia o su materialidad. Abstract Preservation of non-monumental architectural heritage is a challenge for today's society, whose first step is the study of its characteristics, conditions and relationships. The study of large sets of samples, such as the historical city centres, raises the problem of managing a high volume of information, which should not be analyzed individually in each building, but as a whole, understanding the environment as a unit. The geographic information systems (GIS) are tool that allows managing large amounts of data related to each other and linked to their location, allowing to view successive layers of information both analytically and graphically, enabling a rational and dynamic analysis of the information. The aim of this paper is to show the usefulness of the geographic information systems for the study of the historical city centres. For this purpose, the cemetery of Jesus of Murcia is used as an experimental laboratory, whose characteristics are similar to those of a fragment of urban area of buildings whose typological, constructive and material characteristics are similar to those of a city centre. The methodology proposed is divided into three stages: the first stage comprises the previous documentation and creation of the data collection model, the second one includes the field work, which allows the collection of information; the third stage corresponds to the dump of the information and its processing to obtain results. The study has allowed the obtaining of a large amount of chronological, typological, material and pathological information of the pantheons of the cemetery, which has been mapped, obtaining the relations between parameters such as the situation of the cemeteries, their antiquity, their typology or its materiality.

Background: A composite resin is used as restorative material in dentistry because it has the same colour as dental enamel, is easy to use in an oral cavity and offers good biocompatibility. Based on the size of filler, composite resin is divided into types, one of which is a composite resin nanohybrid. An important mechanical property of restorative material is microhardness. The mechanical properties of restorative material is highly affected by both polymerisation and heating process . There are many methods to improve composite resin’s microhardness , including preheating and heat treatment. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate different effects of preheating and heat treatment on the microhardness of nanohybrid composite resin. Methods: This study is an experimental laboratory research with post-test - only group design. Samples were divided into six groups: preheating groups at temperatures of 37 o C and 60 o C, heat treatment groups at temperatures of 120 o C and 170 o C, a negative control group and a positive control group. Afterwards, the resulting data were analysed using one -way ANOVA. Results: The result based on the one-way ANOVA test indicated that there was a difference in microhardness in each group with a significance of 0.000 (p

PurposeThe endothelial and cell-specific angiopoietin-Tie pathway plays an important regulatory role in angiogenesis. In this study, we investigated the associations of the TIE2 (tyrosine kinase, endothelial, TEK) gene with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV), using haplotype-tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) analysis.MethodsThis study involved totally 2343 subjects, including a Hong Kong Chinese cohort (214 nAMD patients, 236 PCV patients and 433 control subjects), a Shantou Chinese cohort (189 nAMD patients, 187 PCV patients and 531 control subjects) and an Osaka Japanese cohort (192 nAMD patients, 204 PCV patients and 157 control subjects). Thirty haplotype-tagging SNPs in TIE2 were genotyped in the Hong Kong cohort using TaqMan technology. Two SNPs (rs625767 and rs2273717) showing association in the Hong Kong cohort were genotyped in the Shantou and Osaka cohorts. The SNP-disease association of individual and pooled cohorts were analysed.ResultsTwo SNPs (rs625767 and rs2273717) showed suggestive association with both nAMD and PCV in the Hong Kong cohort. In the meta-analysis involving all the three cohorts, rs625767 showed significant associations with nAMD (p=0.01; OR=0.82, 95% CI 0.70 to 0.96; I2=0%), PCV (p=0.02; OR=0.83, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.97; I2=27%) and pooled nAMD and PCV (p=0.002; OR=0.82, 95% CI 0.72 to 0.93; I2=0%), with low inter-cohort heterogeneities.ConclusionThis study revealed TIE2 as a novel susceptibility gene for nAMD and PCV in Japanese and Chinese. Further studies in other populations are warranted to confirm its role.