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4,591 results on '"Experimental Pharmacology"'

1. Cetuximab Prevents Methotrexate-Induced Cytotoxicity in Vitro through Epidermal Growth Factor Dependent Regulation of Renal Drug Transporters

Author: Caetano-Pinto, Pedro, Jamalpoor, Amer, Ham, Janneke, Goumenou, Anastasia, Mommersteeg, Monique, Pijnenburg, Dirk, Ruijtenbeek, Rob, Sánchez-Romero, Natalia, van Zelst, Bertrand, Heil, Sandra, Jansen, Jitske, Wilmer, Martijn J, van Herpen, Carla M L, Masereeuw, Rosalinde, Sub Experimental pharmacology, Afd Pharmacology, Afd Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Sub General Pharmacology, Pharmacology, Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Sub Experimental pharmacology, Afd Pharmacology, Afd Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Sub General Pharmacology, Pharmacology, Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, and Clinical Chemistry
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, MAPK/ERK pathway, Organic anion transporter 1, Cell Survival, Pharmaceutical Science, Cetuximab, drug transporters, Pharmacology, Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Independent, Article, combination therapy, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Organic Anion Transport Protein 1, Epidermal growth factor, drug disposition, Drug Discovery, medicine, ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2, Humans, Epidermal growth factor receptor, Viability assay, Protein kinase B, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, renal proximal tubule, biology, Epidermal Growth Factor, business.industry, kinase signaling, Methylmercury Compounds, Glutathione, digestive system diseases, 3. Good health, Neoplasm Proteins, Renal disorders Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 11], 030104 developmental biology, HEK293 Cells, Methotrexate, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, biology.protein, Molecular Medicine, Benzimidazoles, Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins, business, Rare cancers Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 9], medicine.drug
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 174845.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) The combination of methotrexate with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) recombinant antibody, cetuximab, is currently being investigated in treatment of head and neck carcinoma. As methotrexate is cleared by renal excretion, we studied the effect of cetuximab on renal methotrexate handling. We used human conditionally immortalized proximal tubule epithelial cells overexpressing either organic anion transporter 1 or 3 (ciPTEC-OAT1/ciPTEC-OAT3) to examine OAT1 and OAT3, and the efflux pumps breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), multidrug resistance protein 4 (MRP4), and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in methotrexate handling upon EGF or cetuximab treatment. Protein kinase microarrays and knowledge-based pathway analysis were used to predict EGFR-mediated transporter regulation. Cytotoxic effects of methotrexate were evaluated using the dimethylthiazol bromide (MTT) viability assay. Methotrexate inhibited OAT-mediated fluorescein uptake and decreased efflux of Hoechst33342 and glutathione-methylfluorescein (GS-MF), which suggested involvement of OAT1/3, BCRP, and MRP4 in transepithelial transport, respectively. Cetuximab reversed the EGF-increased expression of OAT1 and BCRP as well as their membrane expressions and transport activities, while MRP4 and P-gp were increased. Pathway analysis predicted cetuximab-induced modulation of PKC and PI3K pathways downstream EGFR/ERBB2/PLCg. Pharmacological inhibition of ERK decreased expression of OAT1 and BCRP, while P-gp and MRP4 were increased. AKT inhibition reduced all transporters. Exposure to methotrexate for 24 h led to a decreased viability, an effect that was reversed by cetuximab. In conclusion, cetuximab downregulates OAT1 and BCRP while upregulating P-gp and MRP4 through an EGFR-mediated regulation of PI3K-AKT and MAPKK-ERK pathways. Consequently, cetuximab attenuates methotrexate-induced cytotoxicity, which opens possibilities for further research into nephroprotective comedication therapies.
Published: 2017

2. Effects of a human recombinant alkaline phosphatase during impaired mitochondrial function in human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells

Author: Peters, Esther, Schirris, Tom, van Asbeck, Alexander H, Gerretsen, Jelle, Eymael, Jennifer, Ashikov, Angel, Adjobo-Hermans, Merel J W, Russel, Frans, Pickkers, Peter, Masereeuw, Rosalinde, Sub Experimental pharmacology, Pharmacology, Sub Experimental pharmacology, and Pharmacology
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Adenosine, lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 4], Adenosine A2A receptor, Antimycin A, Inflammation, Other Research Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 0], Mitochondrion, Biology, Cell Line, Kidney Tubules, Proximal, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Adenosine Triphosphate, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Human recombinant alkaline phosphatase, Viability assay, Phosphorylation, Pharmacology, Proximal tubule epithelial cells, Respiratory inhibition, Epithelial Cells, Disorders of movement Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 3], Alkaline Phosphatase, Recombinant Proteins, Mitochondria, Adenosine Diphosphate, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, Renal disorders Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 11], chemistry, Cell culture, Alkaline phosphatase, medicine.symptom, Nanomedicine Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 19], 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, medicine.drug
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 169651.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury is a multifactorial syndrome in which inflammation and renal microcirculatory dysfunction play a profound role. Subsequently, renal tubule mitochondria reprioritize cellular functions to prevent further damage. Here, we investigated the putative protective effects of human recombinant alkaline phosphatase (recAP) during inhibition of mitochondrial respiration in conditionally immortalized human proximal tubule epithelial cells (ciPTEC). Full inhibition of mitochondrial oxygen consumption was obtained after 24h antimycin A treatment, which did not affect cell viability. While recAP did not affect the antimycin A-induced decreased oxygen consumption and increased hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha or adrenomedullin gene expression levels, the antimycin A-induced increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 was attenuated. Antimycin A tended to induce the release of detrimental purines ATP and ADP, which reached statistical significance when antimycin A was co-incubated with lipopolysaccharide, and were completely converted into cytoprotective adenosine by recAP. As the adenosine A2A receptor was up-regulated after antimycin A exposure, an adenosine A2A receptor knockout ciPTEC cell line was generated in which recAP still provided protection. Together, recAP did not affect oxygen consumption but attenuated the inflammatory response during impaired mitochondrial function, an effect suggested to be mediated by dephosphorylating ATP and ADP into adenosine.
Published: 2017

3. Gene based therapies for kidney regeneration

Author: Janssen, Manoe J, Arcolino, Fanny O, Schoor, Perry, Kok, Robbert Jan, Mastrobattista, Enrico, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutics, Sub Experimental pharmacology, Sub Drug delivery, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutics, Sub Experimental pharmacology, and Sub Drug delivery
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Genetic enhancement, Genetic Vectors, Viral and non-viral vectors, Biology, Kidney, Bioinformatics, 03 medical and health sciences, Gene therapy, Genome editing, Taverne, Animals, Humans, Regeneration, CRISPR, CRISPR/Cas9, Gene, Pharmacology, Regulation of gene expression, Drug Carriers, Cas9, Regeneration (biology), Genetic Therapy, Kidney disease, 030104 developmental biology, Kidney disorder
Abstract: In this review we provide an overview of the expanding molecular toolbox that is available for gene based therapies and how these therapies can be used for a large variety of kidney diseases. Gene based therapies range from restoring gene function in genetic kidney diseases to steering complex molecular pathways in chronic kidney disorders, and can provide a treatment or cure for diseases that otherwise may not be targeted. This approach involves the delivery of recombinant DNA sequences harboring therapeutic genes to improve cell function and thereby promote kidney regeneration. Depending on the therapy, the recombinant DNA will express a gene that directly plays a role in the function of the cell (gene addition), that regulates the expression of an endogenous gene (gene regulation), or that even changes the DNA sequence of endogenous genes (gene editing). Some interventions involve permanent changes in the genome whereas others are only temporary and leave no trace. Efficient and safe delivery are important steps for all gene based therapies and also depend on the mode of action of the therapeutic gene. Here we provide examples on how the different methods can be used to treat various diseases, which technologies are now emerging (such as gene repair through CRISPR/Cas9) and what the opportunities, perspectives, potential and the limitations of these therapies are for the treatment of kidney diseases.
Published: 2016

4. Fluorescence-Based Transport Assays Revisited in a Human Renal Proximal Tubule Cell Line

Author: Caetano-Pinto, Pedro, Janssen, Manoe J, Gijzen, Linda, Verscheijden, Laurens, Wilmer, Martijn J G, Masereeuw, Rosalinde, Pharmacology, Sub Experimental pharmacology, Pharmacology, and Sub Experimental pharmacology
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, receptor-mediated endocytosis, ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, fluorescence functional assays, Abcg2, Pharmaceutical Science, Endocytosis, Fluorescence, Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells, Kidney Tubules, Proximal, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Dogs, Taverne, Drug Discovery, ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2, Animals, Humans, Cells, Cultured, biology, ABC membrane transporters, Transporter, advanced in vitro models, Receptor-mediated endocytosis, human proximal tubule cells, Cell biology, Neoplasm Proteins, Calcein, 030104 developmental biology, Renal disorders Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 11], chemistry, Biochemistry, Cell culture, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, biology.protein, Molecular Medicine, Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins, Intracellular
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 172570.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) Apical transport is key in renal function, and the activity of efflux transporters and receptor-mediated endocytosis is pivotal in this process. The conditionally immortalized proximal tubule epithelial cell line (ciPTEC) endogenously expresses these systems. Here, we used ciPTEC to investigate the activity of three major efflux transporters, viz., breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), multidrug resistance protein 4 (MRP4), and P-glycoprotein (P-gp), as well as protein uptake through receptor-mediated endocytosis, using a fluorescence-based setup for transport assays. To this end, cells were exposed to Hoechst33342, chloromethylfluorescein-diacetate (CMFDA), and calcein-AM in the presence or absence of model inhibitors for BCRP (KO143), P-gp (PSC833), or MRPs (MK571). Overexpression cell lines MDCKII-BCRP and MDCKII-P-gp were used as positive controls, and membrane vesicles overexpressing one transporter were used to determine substrate and inhibitor specificities. Receptor-mediated endocytosis was investigated by determining the intracellular accumulation of fluorescently labeled receptor-associated protein (RAP-GST). In ciPTEC, BCRP and P-gp showed similar expressions and activities, whereas MRP4 was more abundantly expressed. Hoechst33342, GS-MF, and calcein are retained in the presence of KO143, MK571, and PSC833, showing clearly redundancy between the transporters. Noteworthy is the fact that both KO143 and MK571 can block BCRP, P-gp, and MRPs, whereas PSC833 appears to be a potent inhibitor for BCRP and P-gp but not the MRPs. Furthermore, ciPTEC accumulates RAP-GST in intracellular vesicles in a dose- and time-dependent manner, which was reduced in megalin-deficient cells. In conclusion, fluorescent-probe-based assays are fast and reproducible in determining apical transport mechanisms, in vitro. We demonstrate that typical substrates and inhibitors are not specific for the designated transporters, reflecting the complex interactions that can take place in vivo. The set of tools we describe are also compatible with innovative kidney culture models and allows studying transport mechanisms that are central to drug absorption, disposition, and detoxification.
Published: 2016

5. Proximal tubular efflux transporters involved in renal excretion of p-cresyl sulfate and p-cresyl glucuronide: Implications for chronic kidney disease pathophysiology

Author: Mutsaers, Henricus A M, Caetano Pinto, Pedro, Seegers, Andries E M, Dankers, Anita C A, van den Broek, Petra H H, Wetzels, Jack F M, van den Brand, Jan A J G, van den Heuvel, Lambertus P, Hoenderop, Joost G, Wilmer, Martijn J G, Masereeuw, R., Pharmacology, Sub Experimental pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Pharmacology, and Sub Experimental pharmacology
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Abcg2, Vascular damage Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 16], Proximal tubule cells, Glucuronidation, Sulfuric Acid Esters, Toxicology, Cell Line, Nephrotoxicity, Kidney Tubules, Proximal, Excretion, Cresols, Glucuronides, Transduction, Genetic, Chronic kidney disease, Internal medicine, medicine, ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2, Humans, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Uremic retention solutes, Aged, biology, Chemistry, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Neoplasm Proteins, Renal Elimination, Renal disorders Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 11], HEK293 Cells, Endocrinology, Renal physiology, Efflux transporters, biology.protein, ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters, Female, Renal disorders Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 11], Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins, Glucuronide, Baculoviridae, Kidney disease
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 153759.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) The uremic solutes p-cresyl sulfate (pCS) and p-cresyl glucuronide (pCG) accumulate in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and might contribute to disease progression. Moreover, retention of these solutes may directly be related to renal tubular function. Here, we investigated the role of the efflux transporters Multidrug Resistance Protein 4 (MRP4) and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP) in pCS and pCG excretion, and studied the impact of both solutes on the phenotype of human conditionally immortalized renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (ciPTEC). Our results show that p-cresol metabolites accumulate during CKD, with a shift from sulfation to glucuronidation upon progression. Moreover, pCS inhibited the activity of MRP4 by 40% and BCRP by 25%, whereas pCG only reduced MRP4 activity by 75%. Moreover, BCRP-mediated transport of both solutes was demonstrated. Exposure of ciPTEC to pCG caused epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, indicated by increased expression of vimentin and Bcl-2, and diminished E-cadherin. This was associated with altered expression of key tubular transporters. In conclusion, BCRP is likely involved in the renal excretion of both solutes, and pCG promotes phenotypical changes in ciPTEC, supporting the notion that uremic toxins may be involved in CKD progression by negatively affecting renal tubule cell phenotype and functionality.
Published: 2015

6. Development of a living membrane comprising a functional human renal proximal tubule cell monolayer on polyethersulfone polymeric membrane

Author: Schophuizen, Carolien M S, De Napoli, Ilaria E, Jansen, Jitske, Teixeira, Sandra, Wilmer, Martijn J, Hoenderop, Joost G J, Van den Heuvel, Lambert P W, Masereeuw, R., Stamatialis, Dimitrios, Pharmacology, Sub Experimental pharmacology, Pharmacology, Sub Experimental pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Technology, and Biomaterials Science and Technology
Subjects: Collagen Type IV, Materials science, Polymers, Cell, Biomedical Engineering, Synthetic membrane, L-DOPA, Biochemistry, Permeability, Kidney Tubules, Proximal, Levodopa, Biomaterials, Coated Materials, Biocompatible, Monolayer, Cell Adhesion, medicine, Humans, Sulfones, Molecular Biology, Living membrane, Cell Line, Transformed, Renal assist device, Water transport, Organic cation transport proteins, biology, Tight junction, Water, Membranes, Artificial, General Medicine, Adhesion, Immunohistochemistry, Membrane biofunctionalization, Membrane, medicine.anatomical_structure, Renal disorders Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 11], Human kidney proximal tubule cells, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, biology.protein, Biophysics, Biotechnology
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 154987.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) The need for improved renal replacement therapies has stimulated innovative research for the development of a cell-based renal assist device. A key requirement for such a device is the formation of a "living membrane", consisting of a tight kidney cell monolayer with preserved functional organic ion transporters on a suitable artificial membrane surface. In this work, we applied a unique conditionally immortalized proximal tubule epithelial cell (ciPTEC) line with an optimized coating strategy on polyethersulfone (PES) membranes to develop a living membrane with a functional proximal tubule epithelial cell layer. PES membranes were coated with combinations of 3,4-dihydroxy-l-phenylalanine and human collagen IV (Coll IV). The optimal coating time and concentrations were determined to achieve retention of vital blood components while preserving high water transport and optimal ciPTEC adhesion. The ciPTEC monolayers obtained were examined through immunocytochemistry to detect zona occludens 1 tight junction proteins. Reproducible monolayers were formed when using a combination of 2 mg ml(-1) 3,4-dihydroxy-l-phenylalanine (4 min coating, 1h dissolution) and 25 mug ml(-1) Coll IV (4 min coating). The successful transport of (14)C-creatinine through the developed living membrane system was used as an indication for organic cation transporter functionality. The addition of metformin or cimetidine significantly reduced the creatinine transepithelial flux, indicating active creatinine uptake in ciPTECs, most likely mediated by the organic cation transporter, OCT2 (SLC22A2). In conclusion, this study shows the successful development of a living membrane consisting of a reproducible ciPTEC monolayer on PES membranes, an important step towards the development of a bioartificial kidney.
Published: 2015

7. The importance of breast cancer resistance protein to the kidneys excretory function and chemotherapeutic resistance

Author: Caetano-Pinto, Pedro, Jansen, Jitske, Assaraf, Yehuda G., Masereeuw, Rosalinde, Sub Experimental pharmacology, Afd Pharmacology, Pharmacology, Sub Experimental pharmacology, Afd Pharmacology, and Pharmacology
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Cell signaling, Cancer Research, Abcg2, Antineoplastic Agents, Pharmacology, Kidney, 03 medical and health sciences, Sex Factors, 0302 clinical medicine, Mediator, Renal excretion, medicine, ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, biology, Membrane Transport Proteins, Cancer, Drug transport, Transporter, Protein-Tyrosine Kinases, medicine.disease, Neoplasm Proteins, Renal Elimination, 030104 developmental biology, Renal disorders Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 11], Infectious Diseases, Oncology, Drug Resistance, Neoplasm, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, biology.protein, BCRP, Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase, Signal transduction, Tyrosine kinase, Chemoresistance, Signal Transduction, Transcription Factors
Abstract: Item does not contain fulltext The relevance of membrane transporters gained momentum in recent years and it is now widely recognized that transporters are key players in drug disposition and chemoresistance. As such, the kidneys harbor a variety of drug transporters and are one of the main routes for xenobiotic excretion. The breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) is widely accepted as a key mediator of anticancer drug resistance and is a prominent renal drug transporter. Here, we review the role of BCRP in both processes and present a multitude of variables that can influence its activity. An increasing number of renally cleared chemotherapeutics, including tyrosine kinase inhibitors, described as BCRP substrates can modulate its activity via transcription factors and cellular signaling pathways, such as the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway. In addition to pharmacological actions, genetic variations, as well as differences between species and gender can affect BCRP function, which are also discussed. Furthermore, the role of BCRP in light of cancer treatments and the implications for novel therapeutic interventions that take into account renal function are discussed.
Published: 2017

8. Bioengineered kidney tubules efficiently excrete uremic toxins

Author: Jansen, J, Fedecostante, M, Wilmer, M J, Peters, J G, Kreuser, U M, van den Broek, P H, Mensink, R A, Boltje, T J, Stamatialis, D, Wetzels, J F, van den Heuvel, L P, Hoenderop, J G, Masereeuw, R, Sub Experimental pharmacology, Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Biomaterials Science and Technology, Sub Experimental pharmacology, and Pharmacology
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Abcg2, Vascular damage Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 16], ATP-binding cassette transporter, Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Cellular imaging, Pharmacology, Article, Cell Line, End stage renal disease, Kidney Tubules, Proximal, 03 medical and health sciences, Organic Anion Transport Protein 1, ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2, Humans, Secretion, Barrier function, Multidisciplinary, Tissue Engineering, biology, Reabsorption, Albumin, Neoplasm Proteins, 3. Good health, Renal disorders Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 11], 030104 developmental biology, Biochemistry, Regenerative medicine, biology.protein, Kidney Failure, Chronic, Renal disorders Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 11], Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 172030.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) The development of a biotechnological platform for the removal of waste products (e.g. uremic toxins), often bound to proteins in plasma, is a prerequisite to improve current treatment modalities for patients suffering from end stage renal disease (ESRD). Here, we present a newly designed bioengineered renal tubule capable of active uremic toxin secretion through the concerted action of essential renal transporters, viz. organic anion transporter-1 (OAT1), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and multidrug resistance protein-4 (MRP4). Three-dimensional cell monolayer formation of human conditionally immortalized proximal tubule epithelial cells (ciPTEC) on biofunctionalized hollow fibers with maintained barrier function was demonstrated. Using a tailor made flow system, the secretory clearance of human serum albumin-bound uremic toxins, indoxyl sulfate and kynurenic acid, as well as albumin reabsorption across the renal tubule was confirmed. These functional bioengineered renal tubules are promising entities in renal replacement therapies and regenerative medicine, as well as in drug development programs.
Published: 2016

9. A Human Renal Proximal Tubule Cell Line with Stable Organic Anion Transporter 1 and 3 Expression Predictive for Antiviral-Induced Toxicity

Author: Nieskens, Tom T G, Peters, Janny G P, Schreurs, Marieke J, Smits, Niels, Woestenenk, Rob, Jansen, Katja, van der Made, Thom K, Röring, Melanie, Hilgendorf, Constanze, Wilmer, Martijn J, Masereeuw, Roos, Sub Experimental pharmacology, Pharmacology, Sub Experimental pharmacology, and Pharmacology
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, drug-drug interactions, Organic anion transporter 1, Cell Survival, Cancer development and immune defence Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 2], Organophosphonates, Pharmaceutical Science, Pharmacology, Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Independent, 030226 pharmacology & pharmacy, Antiviral Agents, Nephrotoxicity, Cell Line, Kidney Tubules, Proximal, 03 medical and health sciences, Cytosine, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Organic Anion Transport Protein 1, antivirals, organic anion transport, Medicine, Animals, Humans, proximal tubule epithelial cell, Viability assay, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), Cell Line, Transformed, Organic cation transport proteins, biology, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, business.industry, Adenine, nephrotoxicity, 3T3 Cells, Drug interaction, Probenecid, Renal disorders Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 11], 030104 developmental biology, HEK293 Cells, Gene Expression Regulation, Cell culture, biology.protein, Organic anion transport, business, Cidofovir, medicine.drug, Forecasting, Research Article
Abstract: Drug-induced nephrotoxicity still hampers drug development, because current translation from in vitro or animal studies to human lacks high predictivity. Often, renal adverse effects are recognized only during clinical stages of drug development. The current study aimed to establish a robust and a more complete human cell model suitable for screening of drug-related interactions and nephrotoxicity. In addition to endogenously expressed renal organic cation transporters and efflux transporters, conditionally immortalized proximal tubule epithelial cells (ciPTEC) were completed by transduction of cells with the organic anion transporter (OAT) 1 or OAT3. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting upon exposure to the OAT substrate fluorescein successfully enriched transduced cells. A panel of organic anions was screened for drug-interactions in ciPTEC-OAT1 and ciPTEC-OAT3. The cytotoxic response to the drug-interactions with antivirals was further examined by cell viability assays. Upon subcloning, concentration-dependent fluorescein uptake was found with a higher affinity for ciPTEC-OAT1 (Km = 0.8 ± 0.1 μM) than ciPTEC-OAT3 (Km = 3.7 ± 0.5 μM). Co-exposure to known OAT1 and/or OAT3 substrates (viz. para-aminohippurate, estrone sulfate, probenecid, furosemide, diclofenac, and cimetidine) in cultures spanning 29 passage numbers revealed relevant inhibitory potencies, confirming the robustness of our model for drug-drug interactions studies. Functional OAT1 was directly responsible for cytotoxicity of adefovir, cidofovir, and tenofovir, while a drug interaction with zidovudine was not associated with decreased cell viability. Our data demonstrate that human-derived ciPTEC-OAT1 and ciPTEC-OAT3 are promising platforms for highly predictive drug screening during early phases of drug development. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1208/s12248-016-9871-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Published: 2016

10. Uremic Solutes in Chronic Kidney Disease and Their Role in Progression

Author: van den Brand, Jan A J G, Mutsaers, Henricus A M, van Zuilen, Arjan D, Blankestijn, Peter J, van den Broek, Petra H, Russel, Frans G M, Masereeuw, Rosalinde, Wetzels, Jack F M, Sub Experimental pharmacology, Pharmacology, Sub Experimental pharmacology, Pharmacology, and Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, Physiology, Vascular damage Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 16], TO-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION, Carboxylic Acids, 030232 urology & nephrology, lcsh:Medicine, Kidney Function Tests, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biochemistry, Gastroenterology, OAT1, chemistry.chemical_compound, Aromatic Amino Acids, 0302 clinical medicine, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Slow progression, Chronic Kidney Disease, Medicine and Health Sciences, Amino Acids, lcsh:Science, Multidisciplinary, Sulfates, Organic Compounds, Fatty Acids, Tryptophan, TUBULAR CELLS, Middle Aged, Lipids, FAMILY, Chemistry, Proteinuria, Nephrology, Creatinine, Physical Sciences, Disease Progression, Female, Anatomy, Glomerular Filtration Rate, Research Article, medicine.medical_specialty, P-CRESYL SULFATE, Renal function, TOXINS, Egfr decline, Hippuric Acid, RATS, 03 medical and health sciences, Signs and Symptoms, Diagnostic Medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, Journal Article, Humans, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Aged, Uremia, Renal Physiology, business.industry, Organic Chemistry, lcsh:R, Chemical Compounds, Biology and Life Sciences, Proteins, Hippuric acid, Kidneys, Small sample, Renal System, medicine.disease, TRANSPORTERS, Renal disorders Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 11], 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, chemistry, Case-Control Studies, Reference values, Etiology, Salts, lcsh:Q, Renal disorders Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 11], business, Acids, Chromatography, Liquid, Kidney disease
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 170838.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) BACKGROUND: To date, over 150 possible uremic solutes have been listed, but their role in the progression of CKD is largely unknown. Here, the association between a selected panel of uremic solutes and progression in CKD patients was investigated. METHODS: Patients from the MASTERPLAN study, a randomized controlled trial in CKD patients with a creatinine clearance between 20 and 70 ml/min per 1.73m2, were selected based on their rate of eGFR decline during the first five years of follow-up. They were categorized as rapid (decline >5 ml/min per year) or slow progressors. Concentrations of eleven uremic solutes were obtained at baseline and after one year of follow-up. Logistic regression was used to compare the odds for rapid to slow progression by uremic solute concentrations at baseline. Variability in uremic solute levels was assessed using scatter plots, and limits of variability were calculated. RESULTS: In total, 40 rapidly and 40 slowly progressing patients were included. Uremic solutes were elevated in all patients compared to reference values for healthy persons. The serum levels of uremic solutes were not associated with rapid progression. Moreover, we observed substantial variability in solute levels over time. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated concentrations of uremic solutes measured in this study did not explain differences in rate of eGFR decline in CKD patients, possibly due to lack of power as a result of the small sample size, substantial between patient variability, and variability in solute concentrations over time. The etiology of intra-individual variation in uremic solute levels remains to be elucidated.
Published: 2016

11. Cardiac Hepcidin Expression Associates with Injury Independent of Iron

Author: van Breda, G Fenna, Bongartz, Lennart G, Zhuang, Wenqing, van Swelm, Rachel P L, Pertijs, Jeanne, Braam, Branko, Cramer, Maarten-Jan, Swinkels, Dorine W, Doevendans, Pieter A, Verhaar, Marianne C, Masereeuw, Roos, Joles, Jaap A, Gaillard, Carlo A J M, Sub Experimental pharmacology, Pharmacology, Sub Experimental pharmacology, Pharmacology, Groningen Kidney Center (GKC), Nephrology, and ICaR - Circulation and metabolism
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Bone Morphogenetic Protein 6, Ferroportin, TISSUE GROWTH-FACTOR, Myocardial Infarction, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha, 0302 clinical medicine, Iron homeostasis, hemic and lymphatic diseases, Natriuretic Peptide, Brain, PEPTIDE, Cation Transport Proteins, Regulation of gene expression, biology, CHRONIC HEART-FAILURE, DEFICIENCY, Renocardiac failure, Bone morphogenetic protein 6, Liver, Nephrology, Cytokines, Original Report: Laboratory Investigation, medicine.medical_specialty, Anemia, Iron, REGULATORY HORMONE HEPCIDIN, Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing), Cardiac hepcidin gene expression, METABOLISM, RATS, 03 medical and health sciences, Hepcidins, Hepcidin, Internal medicine, medicine, CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha, Journal Article, Animals, ANEMIA, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, CARDIOMYOPATHY, business.industry, Myocardium, Connective Tissue Growth Factor, nutritional and metabolic diseases, medicine.disease, DYSFUNCTION, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, Renal disorders Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 11], Gene Expression Regulation, Rats, Inbred Lew, biology.protein, business
Abstract: Background: Hepcidin regulates systemic iron homeostasis by downregulating the iron exporter ferroportin. Circulating hepcidin is mainly derived from the liver but hepcidin is also produced in the heart. We studied the differential and local regulation of hepcidin gene expression in response to myocardial infarction (MI) and/or chronic kidney disease (CKD). We hypothesized that cardiac hepcidin gene expression is induced by and regulated to severity of cardiac injury, either through direct (MI) or remote (CKD) stimuli, as well as through increased local iron content. Methods: Nine weeks after subtotal nephrectomy (SNX) or sham surgery (CON), rats were subjected to coronary ligation (CL) or sham surgery to realize 4 groups: CON, SNX, CL and SNX + CL. In week 16, the gene expression of hepcidin, iron and damage markers in cardiac and liver tissues was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and ferritin protein expression was studied by immunohistochemistry. Results: Cardiac hepcidin messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was increased 2-fold in CL (p = 0.03) and 3-fold in SNX (p = 0.01). Cardiac ferritin staining was not different among groups. Cardiac hepcidin mRNA expression correlated with mRNA expression levels of brain natriuretic peptide (β = 0.734, p < 0.001) and connective tissue growth factor (β = 0.431, p = 0.02). In contrast, liver hepcidin expression was unaffected by SNX and CL alone, while it had decreased 50% in SNX + CL (p < 0.05). Hepatic ferritin immunostaining was not different among groups. Conclusions: Our data indicate differences in hepcidin regulation in liver and heart and suggest a role for injury rather than iron as the driving force for cardiac hepcidin expression in renocardiac failure.
Published: 2016

12. Effects of a human recombinant alkaline phosphatase on renal hemodynamics, oxygenation and inflammation in two models of acute kidney injury

Author: Peters, Esther, Ergin, Bülent, Kandil, Asli, Gurel-Gurevin, Ebru, van Elsas, Andrea, Masereeuw, Rosalinde, Pickkers, Peter, Ince, Can, Sub Experimental pharmacology, Pharmacology, Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Translational Physiology, Sub Experimental pharmacology, and Pharmacology
Subjects: Lipopolysaccharides, Male, 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Mean arterial pressure, lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 4], Renal function, Hemodynamics, Pharmacology, Kidney, Toxicology, urologic and male genital diseases, Models, Biological, 03 medical and health sciences, Animals, Humans, Medicine, Rats, Wistar, Inflammation, Renal ischemia, business.industry, Acute kidney injury, Acute Kidney Injury, Alkaline Phosphatase, medicine.disease, Recombinant Proteins, Rats, Oxygen tension, Surgery, Oxygen, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Renal disorders Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 11], Renal blood flow, business
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 172437.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) Two small clinical trials indicated that administration of bovine intestinal alkaline phosphatase (AP) improves renal function in critically ill patients with sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (AKI), for which the mechanism of action is not completely understood. Here, we investigated the effects of a newly developed human recombinant AP (recAP) on renal oxygenation and hemodynamics and prevention of kidney damage and inflammation in two in vivo AKI models. To induce AKI, male Wistar rats (n=18) were subjected to renal ischemia (30min) and reperfusion (I/R), or sham-operated. In a second model, rats (n=18) received a 30min infusion of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 2.5mg/kg), or saline, and fluid resuscitation. In both models, recAP (1000U/kg) was administered intravenously (15min before reperfusion, or 90min after LPS). Following recAP treatment, I/R-induced changes in renal blood flow, renal vascular resistance and oxygen delivery at early, and cortical microvascular oxygen tension at late reperfusion were no longer significantly affected. RecAP did not influence I/R-induced effects on mean arterial pressure. During endotoxemia, recAP treatment did not modulate the LPS-induced changes in systemic hemodynamics and renal oxygenation. In both models, recAP did exert a clear renal protective anti-inflammatory effect, demonstrated by attenuated immunostaining of inflammatory, tubular injury and pro-apoptosis markers. Whether this renal protective effect is sufficient to improve outcome of patients suffering from sepsis-associated AKI is being investigated in a large clinical trial.
Published: 2016

13. Fluorescently labeled cyclodextrin derivatives as exogenous markers for real-time transcutaneous measurement of renal function

Author: Huang, Jiaguo, Weinfurter, Stefanie, Pinto, Pedro Caetano, Pretze, Marc, Kränzlin, Bettina, Pill, Johannes, Federica, Rodeghiero, Perciaccante, Rossana, Ciana, Leopoldo Della, Masereeuw, Rosalinde, Gretz, Norbert, Sub Experimental pharmacology, Pharmacology, Sub Experimental pharmacology, and Pharmacology
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Optics and Photonics, Cell Survival, Swine, Urinary system, Biomedical Engineering, Pharmaceutical Science, Renal function, Bioengineering, Plasma protein binding, Urine, Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic, Pharmacology, Glomerulus (kidney), 010402 general chemistry, Kidney Function Tests, 01 natural sciences, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, 03 medical and health sciences, Drug Stability, medicine, Animals, Humans, Secretion, Fluorescent Dyes, Cyclodextrins, Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Esterases, Blood Proteins, Fluorescence, 0104 chemical sciences, Renal disorders Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 11], 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Biochemistry, Renal physiology, Fluorescein, Biomarkers, Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate, Biotechnology
Abstract: Item does not contain fulltext Evaluation of renal function is crucial for a number of clinical situations. Here, we reported a novel exogenous fluorescent marker (FITC-HPbetaCD) to real-time assess renal function by using a transcutaneous fluorescent detection technique. FITC-HPbetaCD was designed based on the principle of renal clearance of designed drugs. It displays favorable fluorescent properties, high hydrophilicity, low plasma protein binding, and high stability in porcine liver esterase as well as in plasma and nontoxicity. More importantly, FITC-HPbetaCD can be efficiently and rapidly filtered by glomerulus and completely excreted into urine without proximal tubular reabsorption or secretion in rat models. Additionally, the marker was well-tolerated, with nearly 100% urinary recovery of the given doses, and no metabolism were found. Relying on this novel kidney function marker and transcutaneous devices, we demonstrate a rapid, robust, and convenient approach for real-time assessing renal function without the need of time-consuming blood and urine sample preparation. Our work provides a promising tool for noninvasive real-time monitoring of renal function in vivo.
Published: 2016

14. Biodistribution and translational pharmacokinetic modeling of a human recombinant alkaline phosphatase

Author: Peters, Esther, Stevens, Jasper, Arend, Jacques, Guan, Zheng, Raaben, Willem, Laverman, Peter, Elsas, Andrea van, Masereeuw, R., Pickkers, Peter, Pharmacology, Sub Experimental pharmacology, Pharmacology, and Sub Experimental pharmacology
Subjects: Biodistribution, education.field_of_study, Chemistry, Population, lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 4], Acute kidney injury, Cmax, Pharmaceutical Science, Pharmacology, medicine.disease, NONMEM, Renal disorders Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 11], Bolus (medicine), Pharmacokinetics, Sepsis, Alkaline phosphatase, medicine, Nanomedicine Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 19], education
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 154642.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) Clinical trials showed renal protective effects of bovine intestinal alkaline phosphatase (AP) in patients with sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (AKI). Subsequently, a human recombinant chimeric AP (recAP) was developed as a pharmaceutically acceptable alternative. Here, we investigated the biodistribution and pharmacokinetics (PK) of recAP and developed a translational population PK model. Biodistribution was studied during LPS-induced AKI in rats. Iodine-125-labeled recAP was primarily taken up by liver, spleen, adrenals, heart, lungs and kidneys followed by the gastro-intestinal tract and thyroid. Tissue distribution was not critically affected by endotoxemia. PK parameters were determined in rats and minipigs during IV bolus injections of recAP, administered once, or once daily during seven consecutive days. Plasma concentrations of recAP increased with increasing dose and disappeared in a biphasic manner. Exposure to recAP, estimated by AUC and Cmax, was similar on days 1 and 7. Subsequently, population approach nonlinear mixed effects modeling was performed with recAP rat and minipig and biAP phase I PK data. Concentration versus time data was accurately described in all species by a two-compartmental model with allometric scaling based on body weight. This model provides a solid foundation for determining the optimal dose and duration of first-in-man recAP studies.
Published: 2015

15. Cetuximab prevents methotrexate-induced cytotoxicity in vitro through epidermal growth factor dependent regulation of renal drug transporters

Author: Sub Experimental pharmacology, Afd Pharmacology, Afd Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Sub General Pharmacology, Pharmacology, Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Caetano-Pinto, Pedro, Jamalpoor, Amer, Ham, Janneke, Goumenou, Anastasia, Mommersteeg, Monique, Pijnenburg, Dirk, Ruijtenbeek, Rob, Sánchez-Romero, Natalia, van Zelst, Bertrand, Heil, Sandra, Jansen, Jitske, Wilmer, Martijn J, van Herpen, Carla M L, Masereeuw, Rosalinde, Sub Experimental pharmacology, Afd Pharmacology, Afd Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Sub General Pharmacology, Pharmacology, Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Caetano-Pinto, Pedro, Jamalpoor, Amer, Ham, Janneke, Goumenou, Anastasia, Mommersteeg, Monique, Pijnenburg, Dirk, Ruijtenbeek, Rob, Sánchez-Romero, Natalia, van Zelst, Bertrand, Heil, Sandra, Jansen, Jitske, Wilmer, Martijn J, van Herpen, Carla M L, and Masereeuw, Rosalinde
Published: 2017

16. The importance of breast cancer resistance protein to the kidneys excretory function and chemotherapeutic resistance

Author: Sub Experimental pharmacology, Afd Pharmacology, Pharmacology, Caetano-Pinto, Pedro, Jansen, Jitske, Assaraf, Yehuda G., Masereeuw, Rosalinde, Sub Experimental pharmacology, Afd Pharmacology, Pharmacology, Caetano-Pinto, Pedro, Jansen, Jitske, Assaraf, Yehuda G., and Masereeuw, Rosalinde
Published: 2017

17. Effects of a human recombinant alkaline phosphatase during impaired mitochondrial function in human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells

Author: Sub Experimental pharmacology, Pharmacology, Peters, Esther, Schirris, Tom, van Asbeck, Alexander H, Gerretsen, Jelle, Eymael, Jennifer, Ashikov, Angel, Adjobo-Hermans, Merel J W, Russel, Frans, Pickkers, Peter, Masereeuw, Rosalinde, Sub Experimental pharmacology, Pharmacology, Peters, Esther, Schirris, Tom, van Asbeck, Alexander H, Gerretsen, Jelle, Eymael, Jennifer, Ashikov, Angel, Adjobo-Hermans, Merel J W, Russel, Frans, Pickkers, Peter, and Masereeuw, Rosalinde
Published: 2017

18. The Authors Reply

Author: Mutsaers, Henricus A M, Masereeuw, R., Olinga, Peter, Pharmacology, and Sub Experimental pharmacology
Published: 2015

19. Somatic loss of polycystic disease genes contributes to the formation of isolated and polycystic liver cysts

Author: Janssen, Manoe J, Salomon, Jody, Cnossen, Wybrich R, Bergmann, Carsten, Pfundt, Rolph, Drenth, Joost P H, Sub Experimental pharmacology, and Pharmacology
Subjects: Male, Cysts, Liver Diseases, Humans, Loss of Heterozygosity, Female, Middle Aged, Aged
Published: 2015

20. Alkaline phosphatase protects against renal inflammation through dephosphorylation of lipopolysaccharide and adenosine triphosphate

Author: Peters, E, Geraci, S, Heemskerk, S, Wilmer, M J, Bilos, A, Kraenzlin, B, Gretz, N, Pickkers, P, Masereeuw, R, Pharmacology, and Sub Experimental pharmacology
Abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Recently, two phase-II trials demonstrated improved renal function in critically ill patients with sepsis-associated acute kidney injury treated with the enzyme alkaline phosphatase. Here, we elucidated the dual active effect on renal protection by alkaline phosphatase presumably related to dephosphorylation, thereby detoxifying lipopolysaccharide (LPS). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: The effect of human recombinant alkaline phosphatase (recAP) on LPS-induced renal injury was studied in Sprague-Dawley rats. Renal function was assessed by transcutaneous measurement of FITC-sinistrin elimination in freely moving, awake rats. The mechanism of action of recAP was further investigated in vitro using conditionally immortalized human proximal tubular epithelial cells (ciPTEC). KEY RESULTS: In vivo, LPS administration significantly prolonged FITC-sinistrin half-life and increased fractional urea excretion, which was prevented by recAP co-administration. Moreover, recAP prevented LPS-induced increase in proximal tubule injury marker, kidney injury molecule-1 expression and excretion. In vitro, LPS-induced production of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 was significantly attenuated by recAP. This effect was linked to dephosphorylation, as enzymatically inactive recAP had no effect on LPS-induced cytokine production. RecAP-mediated protection resulted in increased adenosine levels through dephosphorylation of LPS-induced extracellular adenosine di- and triphosphate and attenuated LPS-induced increased expression of adenosine A2A receptor. The A2A receptor antagonist ZM-241385 did not diminish the effects of recAP. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: These results indicate that the ability of recAP to reduce renal inflammation may account for the beneficial effect observed in septic acute kidney injury patients, and that dephosphorylation of adenosine triphosphate and LPS are responsible for this protective effect. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Published: 2015

21. Fluorescently labeled cyclodextrin derivatives as exogenous markers for real-time transcutaneous measurement of renal function

Author: Sub Experimental pharmacology, Pharmacology, Huang, Jiaguo, Weinfurter, Stefanie, Pinto, Pedro Caetano, Pretze, Marc, Kränzlin, Bettina, Pill, Johannes, Federica, Rodeghiero, Perciaccante, Rossana, Ciana, Leopoldo Della, Masereeuw, Rosalinde, Gretz, Norbert, Sub Experimental pharmacology, Pharmacology, Huang, Jiaguo, Weinfurter, Stefanie, Pinto, Pedro Caetano, Pretze, Marc, Kränzlin, Bettina, Pill, Johannes, Federica, Rodeghiero, Perciaccante, Rossana, Ciana, Leopoldo Della, Masereeuw, Rosalinde, and Gretz, Norbert
Published: 2016

22. Uremic Solutes in Chronic Kidney Disease and Their Role in Progression

Author: Sub Experimental pharmacology, Pharmacology, van den Brand, Jan A J G, Mutsaers, Henricus A M, van Zuilen, Arjan D, Blankestijn, Peter J, van den Broek, Petra H, Russel, Frans G M, Masereeuw, Rosalinde, Wetzels, Jack F M, Sub Experimental pharmacology, Pharmacology, van den Brand, Jan A J G, Mutsaers, Henricus A M, van Zuilen, Arjan D, Blankestijn, Peter J, van den Broek, Petra H, Russel, Frans G M, Masereeuw, Rosalinde, and Wetzels, Jack F M
Published: 2016

23. Cardiac Hepcidin Expression Associates with Injury Independent of Iron

Author: Sub Experimental pharmacology, Pharmacology, van Breda, G Fenna, Bongartz, Lennart G, Zhuang, Wenqing, van Swelm, Rachel P L, Pertijs, Jeanne, Braam, Branko, Cramer, Maarten-Jan, Swinkels, Dorine W, Doevendans, Pieter A, Verhaar, Marianne C, Masereeuw, Roos, Joles, Jaap A, Gaillard, Carlo A J M, Sub Experimental pharmacology, Pharmacology, van Breda, G Fenna, Bongartz, Lennart G, Zhuang, Wenqing, van Swelm, Rachel P L, Pertijs, Jeanne, Braam, Branko, Cramer, Maarten-Jan, Swinkels, Dorine W, Doevendans, Pieter A, Verhaar, Marianne C, Masereeuw, Roos, Joles, Jaap A, and Gaillard, Carlo A J M
Published: 2016

24. Effects of a human recombinant alkaline phosphatase on renal hemodynamics, oxygenation and inflammation in two models of acute kidney injury

Author: Sub Experimental pharmacology, Pharmacology, Peters, Esther, Ergin, Bülent, Kandil, Asli, Gurel-Gurevin, Ebru, van Elsas, Andrea, Masereeuw, Rosalinde, Pickkers, Peter, Ince, Can, Sub Experimental pharmacology, Pharmacology, Peters, Esther, Ergin, Bülent, Kandil, Asli, Gurel-Gurevin, Ebru, van Elsas, Andrea, Masereeuw, Rosalinde, Pickkers, Peter, and Ince, Can
Published: 2016

25. Bioengineered kidney tubules efficiently excrete uremic toxins

Author: Sub Experimental pharmacology, Pharmacology, Jansen, J, Fedecostante, M, Wilmer, M J, Peters, J G, Kreuser, U M, van den Broek, P H, Mensink, R A, Boltje, T J, Stamatialis, D, Wetzels, J F, van den Heuvel, L P, Hoenderop, J G, Masereeuw, R, Sub Experimental pharmacology, Pharmacology, Jansen, J, Fedecostante, M, Wilmer, M J, Peters, J G, Kreuser, U M, van den Broek, P H, Mensink, R A, Boltje, T J, Stamatialis, D, Wetzels, J F, van den Heuvel, L P, Hoenderop, J G, and Masereeuw, R
Published: 2016

26. In vitro systems to study nephropharmacology: 2D versus 3D models

Author: Sub General Pharmacology, Sub Experimental pharmacology, Pharmacology, Sánchez-Romero, Natalia, Schophuizen, Carolien M S, Giménez, Ignacio, Masereeuw, Rosalinde, Sub General Pharmacology, Sub Experimental pharmacology, Pharmacology, Sánchez-Romero, Natalia, Schophuizen, Carolien M S, Giménez, Ignacio, and Masereeuw, Rosalinde
Published: 2016

27. Gene based therapies for kidney regeneration

Author: Sub Experimental pharmacology, Sub Drug delivery, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutics, Janssen, Manoe J, Arcolino, Fanny O, Schoor, Perry, Kok, Robbert Jan, Mastrobattista, Enrico, Sub Experimental pharmacology, Sub Drug delivery, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutics, Janssen, Manoe J, Arcolino, Fanny O, Schoor, Perry, Kok, Robbert Jan, and Mastrobattista, Enrico
Published: 2016

28. Fluorescence-Based Transport Assays Revisited in a Human Renal Proximal Tubule Cell Line

Author: Sub Experimental pharmacology, Pharmacology, Caetano-Pinto, Pedro, Janssen, Manoe J, Gijzen, Linda, Verscheijden, Laurens, Wilmer, Martijn J G, Masereeuw, Rosalinde, Sub Experimental pharmacology, Pharmacology, Caetano-Pinto, Pedro, Janssen, Manoe J, Gijzen, Linda, Verscheijden, Laurens, Wilmer, Martijn J G, and Masereeuw, Rosalinde
Published: 2016

29. A Human Renal Proximal Tubule Cell Line with Stable Organic Anion Transporter 1 and 3 Expression Predictive for Antiviral-Induced Toxicity

Author: Sub Experimental pharmacology, Pharmacology, Nieskens, Tom T G, Peters, Janny G P, Schreurs, Marieke J, Smits, Niels, Woestenenk, Rob, Jansen, Katja, van der Made, Thom K, Röring, Melanie, Hilgendorf, Constanze, Wilmer, Martijn J, Masereeuw, Roos, Sub Experimental pharmacology, Pharmacology, Nieskens, Tom T G, Peters, Janny G P, Schreurs, Marieke J, Smits, Niels, Woestenenk, Rob, Jansen, Katja, van der Made, Thom K, Röring, Melanie, Hilgendorf, Constanze, Wilmer, Martijn J, and Masereeuw, Roos
Published: 2016

30. Gene based therapies for kidney regeneration

Author: Pharmacology, Pharmaceutics, Sub Experimental pharmacology, Sub Drug delivery, Janssen, Manoe J, Arcolino, Fanny O, Schoor, Perry, Kok, Robbert Jan, Mastrobattista, Enrico, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutics, Sub Experimental pharmacology, Sub Drug delivery, Janssen, Manoe J, Arcolino, Fanny O, Schoor, Perry, Kok, Robbert Jan, and Mastrobattista, Enrico
Published: 2016

31. Fluorescence-Based Transport Assays Revisited in a Human Renal Proximal Tubule Cell Line

Author: Pharmacology, Sub Experimental pharmacology, Caetano-Pinto, Pedro, Janssen, Manoe J, Gijzen, Linda, Verscheijden, Laurens, Wilmer, Martijn J G, Masereeuw, Rosalinde, Pharmacology, Sub Experimental pharmacology, Caetano-Pinto, Pedro, Janssen, Manoe J, Gijzen, Linda, Verscheijden, Laurens, Wilmer, Martijn J G, and Masereeuw, Rosalinde
Published: 2016

32. An introduction to the pharmacology of kidney regeneration

Author: Sub Experimental pharmacology, Pharmacology, Janssen, Manoe J, Masereeuw, Rosalinde, Sub Experimental pharmacology, Pharmacology, Janssen, Manoe J, and Masereeuw, Rosalinde
Published: 2016

33. Upscaling of a living membrane for bioartificial kidney device

Author: Sub Experimental pharmacology, Pharmacology, Chevtchik, Natalia Vladimirovna, Fedecostante, Michele, Jansen, Jitske, Mihajlovic, Milos, Wilmer, Martijn, Rüth, Marieke, Masereeuw, Rosalinde, Stamatialis, Dimitrios, Sub Experimental pharmacology, Pharmacology, Chevtchik, Natalia Vladimirovna, Fedecostante, Michele, Jansen, Jitske, Mihajlovic, Milos, Wilmer, Martijn, Rüth, Marieke, Masereeuw, Rosalinde, and Stamatialis, Dimitrios
Published: 2016

34. Effects of a human recombinant alkaline phosphatase on renal hemodynamics, oxygenation and inflammation in two models of acute kidney injury

Author: Pharmacology, Sub Experimental pharmacology, Peters, Esther, Ergin, Bülent, Kandil, Asli, Gurel-Gurevin, Ebru, van Elsas, Andrea, Masereeuw, Rosalinde, Pickkers, Peter, Ince, Can, Pharmacology, Sub Experimental pharmacology, Peters, Esther, Ergin, Bülent, Kandil, Asli, Gurel-Gurevin, Ebru, van Elsas, Andrea, Masereeuw, Rosalinde, Pickkers, Peter, and Ince, Can
Published: 2016

35. The Influence of Dietary Protein Intake on Mammalian Tryptophan and Phenolic Metabolites

Author: Poesen, Ruben, Mutsaers, Henricus A M, Windey, Karen, van den Broek, Petra H, Verweij, Vivienne, Augustijns, Patrick, Kuypers, Dirk, Jansen, Jitske, Evenepoel, Pieter, Verbeke, Kristin, Meijers, Björn, Masereeuw, R., Sub Experimental pharmacology, Pharmacology, Sub Experimental pharmacology, Pharmacology, Aguilera, Abelardo I, and Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Alzheimer`s disease Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 1], medicine.medical_treatment, Metabolite, Vascular damage Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 16], Protein metabolism, lcsh:Medicine, Pilot Projects, Excretion, Eating, Mice, Young Adult, chemistry.chemical_compound, Kynurenic acid, Phenols, Low-protein diet, Internal medicine, medicine, Metabolome, Animals, Humans, lcsh:Science, Multidisciplinary, lcsh:R, Tryptophan, Diet, Renal disorders Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 11], Endocrinology, Biochemistry, chemistry, lcsh:Q, Female, Dietary Proteins, Glucuronide, Research Article
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 152803.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) Although there has been increasing interest in the use of high protein diets, little is known about dietary protein related changes in the mammalian metabolome. We investigated the influence of protein intake on selected tryptophan and phenolic compounds, derived from both endogenous and colonic microbial metabolism. Furthermore, potential inter-species metabolic differences were studied. For this purpose, 29 healthy subjects were allocated to a high (n = 14) or low protein diet (n = 15) for 2 weeks. In addition, 20 wild-type FVB mice were randomized to a high protein or control diet for 21 days. Plasma and urine samples were analyzed with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for measurement of tryptophan and phenolic metabolites. In human subjects, we observed significant changes in plasma level and urinary excretion of indoxyl sulfate (P 0.004 and P 0.001), and in urinary excretion of indoxyl glucuronide (P 0.01), kynurenic acid (P 0.006) and quinolinic acid (P 0.02). In mice, significant differences were noted in plasma tryptophan (P 0.03), indole-3-acetic acid (P 0.02), p-cresyl glucuronide (P 0.03), phenyl sulfate (P 0.004) and phenylacetic acid (P 0.01). Thus, dietary protein intake affects plasma levels and generation of various mammalian metabolites, suggesting an influence on both endogenous and colonic microbial metabolism. Metabolite changes are dissimilar between human subjects and mice, pointing to inter-species metabolic differences with respect to protein intake.
Published: 2015

36. Alkaline phosphatase protects against renal inflammation through dephosphorylation of lipopolysaccharide and adenosine triphosphate

Author: Pharmacology, Sub Experimental pharmacology, Peters, E, Geraci, S, Heemskerk, S, Wilmer, M J, Bilos, A, Kraenzlin, B, Gretz, N, Pickkers, P, Masereeuw, R, Pharmacology, Sub Experimental pharmacology, Peters, E, Geraci, S, Heemskerk, S, Wilmer, M J, Bilos, A, Kraenzlin, B, Gretz, N, Pickkers, P, and Masereeuw, R
Published: 2015

37. Human proximal tubule epithelial cells cultured on hollow fibers: living membranes that actively transport organic cations

Author: Pharmacology, Sub Experimental pharmacology, Jansen, Jitske, De Napoli, I E, Fedecostante, M, Schophuizen, C M S, Chevtchik, N V, Wilmer, M J, van Asbeck, A H, Croes, H J, Pertijs, J C, Wetzels, J F M, Hilbrands, L B, van den Heuvel, L P, Hoenderop, J G, Stamatialis, D, Masereeuw, R, Pharmacology, Sub Experimental pharmacology, Jansen, Jitske, De Napoli, I E, Fedecostante, M, Schophuizen, C M S, Chevtchik, N V, Wilmer, M J, van Asbeck, A H, Croes, H J, Pertijs, J C, Wetzels, J F M, Hilbrands, L B, van den Heuvel, L P, Hoenderop, J G, Stamatialis, D, and Masereeuw, R
Published: 2015

38. The Influence of Dietary Protein Intake on Mammalian Tryptophan and Phenolic Metabolites

Author: Sub Experimental pharmacology, Pharmacology, Poesen, Ruben, Mutsaers, Henricus A M, Windey, Karen, van den Broek, Petra H, Verweij, Vivienne, Augustijns, Patrick, Kuypers, Dirk, Jansen, Jitske, Evenepoel, Pieter, Verbeke, Kristin, Meijers, Björn, Masereeuw, R., Sub Experimental pharmacology, Pharmacology, Poesen, Ruben, Mutsaers, Henricus A M, Windey, Karen, van den Broek, Petra H, Verweij, Vivienne, Augustijns, Patrick, Kuypers, Dirk, Jansen, Jitske, Evenepoel, Pieter, Verbeke, Kristin, Meijers, Björn, and Masereeuw, R.
Published: 2015

39. Biodistribution and translational pharmacokinetic modeling of a human recombinant alkaline phosphatase

Author: Pharmacology, Sub Experimental pharmacology, Peters, Esther, Stevens, Jasper, Arend, Jacques, Guan, Zheng, Raaben, Willem, Laverman, Peter, Elsas, Andrea van, Masereeuw, R., Pickkers, Peter, Pharmacology, Sub Experimental pharmacology, Peters, Esther, Stevens, Jasper, Arend, Jacques, Guan, Zheng, Raaben, Willem, Laverman, Peter, Elsas, Andrea van, Masereeuw, R., and Pickkers, Peter
Published: 2015

40. The Authors Reply

Author: Pharmacology, Sub Experimental pharmacology, Mutsaers, Henricus A M, Masereeuw, R., Olinga, Peter, Pharmacology, Sub Experimental pharmacology, Mutsaers, Henricus A M, Masereeuw, R., and Olinga, Peter
Published: 2015

41. Proximal tubular efflux transporters involved in renal excretion of p-cresyl sulfate and p-cresyl glucuronide: Implications for chronic kidney disease pathophysiology

Author: Pharmacology, Sub Experimental pharmacology, Mutsaers, Henricus A M, Caetano Pinto, Pedro, Seegers, Andries E M, Dankers, Anita C A, van den Broek, Petra H H, Wetzels, Jack F M, van den Brand, Jan A J G, van den Heuvel, Lambertus P, Hoenderop, Joost G, Wilmer, Martijn J G, Masereeuw, R., Pharmacology, Sub Experimental pharmacology, Mutsaers, Henricus A M, Caetano Pinto, Pedro, Seegers, Andries E M, Dankers, Anita C A, van den Broek, Petra H H, Wetzels, Jack F M, van den Brand, Jan A J G, van den Heuvel, Lambertus P, Hoenderop, Joost G, Wilmer, Martijn J G, and Masereeuw, R.
Published: 2015

42. Uremic Toxins Induce ET-1 Release by Human Proximal Tubule Cells, which Regulates Organic Cation Uptake Time-Dependently

Author: Pharmacology, Sub Experimental pharmacology, Schophuizen, Carolien M S, Hoenderop, Joost G J, Masereeuw, R., Heuvel, Lambert P van den, Pharmacology, Sub Experimental pharmacology, Schophuizen, Carolien M S, Hoenderop, Joost G J, Masereeuw, R., and Heuvel, Lambert P van den
Published: 2015

43. Development of a living membrane comprising a functional human renal proximal tubule cell monolayer on polyethersulfone polymeric membrane

Author: Pharmacology, Sub Experimental pharmacology, Schophuizen, Carolien M S, De Napoli, Ilaria E, Jansen, Jitske, Teixeira, Sandra, Wilmer, Martijn J, Hoenderop, Joost G J, Van den Heuvel, Lambert P W, Masereeuw, R., Stamatialis, Dimitrios, Pharmacology, Sub Experimental pharmacology, Schophuizen, Carolien M S, De Napoli, Ilaria E, Jansen, Jitske, Teixeira, Sandra, Wilmer, Martijn J, Hoenderop, Joost G J, Van den Heuvel, Lambert P W, Masereeuw, R., and Stamatialis, Dimitrios
Published: 2015

44. Cytokines and mood in healthy young adults

Author: Pharmacology, Sub Experimental pharmacology, Sub BasicPharmacology&Psychopharmacology, Sub Immunopharmacology, Jansen, J., Fernstrand, A.M., Van De Loo, A.J.A.E., Garssen, J., Verster, J.C., Pharmacology, Sub Experimental pharmacology, Sub BasicPharmacology&Psychopharmacology, Sub Immunopharmacology, Jansen, J., Fernstrand, A.M., Van De Loo, A.J.A.E., Garssen, J., and Verster, J.C.
Published: 2015

45. Somatic loss of polycystic disease genes contributes to the formation of isolated and polycystic liver cysts

Author: Sub Experimental pharmacology, Pharmacology, Janssen, Manoe J, Salomon, Jody, Cnossen, Wybrich R, Bergmann, Carsten, Pfundt, Rolph, Drenth, Joost P H, Sub Experimental pharmacology, Pharmacology, Janssen, Manoe J, Salomon, Jody, Cnossen, Wybrich R, Bergmann, Carsten, Pfundt, Rolph, and Drenth, Joost P H
Published: 2015

46. Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy.

Author: Molecular and Cellular Biology ; University of Leuven, Laboratoire d'Epigénétique et Cancer ; CNRS - Université Paris XI - Paris Sud, Department of Pharmacology ; Department of Pharmacology, Immunobiologie des Cellules Dendritiques ; INSERM - Institut Pasteur de Paris, Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (FEMTO-ST) ; CNRS - Université de Franche-Comté - Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard - Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques, Telethon Institute for Genetics and Medicine ; Telethon Institute, Medical Genetics ; Federico II University, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics ; Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute ; Texas Children's Hospital, Signalisation et physiopathologie des cellules épithéliales ; INSERM - Université Paris XI - Paris Sud, Dynamique des interactions membranaires normales et pathologiques (DIMNP) ; CNRS - Université Montpellier I - Université Montpellier II - Sciences et techniques, Institut de biochimie et génétique cellulaires (IBGC) ; CNRS - Université Victor Segalen - Bordeaux II, Centre d'études d'agents Pathogènes et Biotechnologies pour la Santé (CPBS) ; CNRS - Université Montpellier I - Université Montpellier II - Sciences et techniques, Celullar and Molecular Medicine ; Celullar and Molecular Medicine, Estrogène, Expression génique et pathologies du Système Nerveux Central (E2SNC) ; Université de Franche-Comté - IFR133, Infection bactérienne, inflammation, et carcinogenèse digestive ; INSERM - IFR50 - Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (UNS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (UNS) ; Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (UNS) - PRES Euro-Méditerranéen, Department of Computer Science [Tsukuba] ; University of Tsukuba, Gunma University ; Institute for Molecular & Cellular Regulation, Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology ; Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Dulbecco Telethon Institute/Department of Biology ; Dulbecco Telethon Institute/Department of Biology, Department of Chemistry and HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory ; University of Hong-Kong, Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique (LaBRI) ; CNRS - Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I - Université Victor Segalen - Bordeaux II - École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB), Learning Sciences Lab ; National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, University of California ; University of California, Physiopathologie du cancer du foie ; INSERM - Université Victor Segalen - Bordeaux II, Emory University School of Medicine ; Emory University School of Medicine, Cytokines et Immunologie des Tumeurs Humaines ; INSERM - Institut Gustave Roussy - Université Paris XI - Paris Sud, Biology ; University of Rome"Tor Vergata", Oxford University ; Oxford University, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences ; University of Strathclyde, Interactions Bactéries-Cellules (UIBC) ; Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRA) - INSERM - Institut Pasteur de Paris, Department of Experimental Medicine and Oncology ; University of Turin, Institut de génomique fonctionnelle (IGF) ; CNRS - INSERM - Université Montpellier I - Université Montpellier II - Sciences et techniques, CNV ; University of Valparaiso, Section of Haemato-oncology ; Institute of cancer research, Régulation de l'expression génétique (REG) ; CNRS - École normale supérieure [ENS] - Paris, Brunel University ; Brunel University, University of New-Mexico ; University of New-Mexico, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas ; Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology ; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dpt. of Cancer & Cell Biology ; University of Cincinnati, Institut Jacques Monod (IJM) ; CNRS - Université Paris VII - Paris Diderot, Virologie humaine ; INSERM - IFR128 - École Normale Supérieure (ENS) - Lyon, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, (IIB-INTECH) ; Universidad Nacional de San Martin, MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology ; MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, University of Brescia ; University of Brescia, Immunité infection vaccination ; INSERM - Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I (UCBL) - IFR128, Dept of City and Regional Planning ; Peiking University, Montreal Neurological Institute ; McGill University, Department of Developmental Biology and Neurosciences ; Tohoku University - Graduate School of Life Sciences, Biologie Cellulaire du Noyau (BCN) ; CNRS - Institut Pasteur de Paris, Faculty of Medicine ; University of Ottawa, Institut de recherche en cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM) ; INSERM - CRLCC Val d'Aurelle - Paul Lamarque - Université Montpellier I, Immunologie et chimie thérapeutiques (ICT) ; CNRS - Cancéropôle du Grand Est, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA) ; Université de Strasbourg, Département Digestif ; CHU Nice - Hôpital de l'Archet, Centre méditérannéen de médecine moléculaire (C3M) ; INSERM - Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (UNS), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology [Tsukuba] (AIST) ; National Institute for Advanced Industrial Science and Technology - AIST (JAPAN), Department of Oncology ; John Radcliffe Hospital, School of Biochemistry and Immunology ; School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center ; University of Texas, Laboratoire de Pathologie Clinique et Expérimentale ; CHU Nice, Department of Biochemistry ; University of Hong Kong, Danish Cancer Society ; Institute of Cancer Biology, Institut de biologie et chimie des protéines [Lyon] (IBCP) ; CNRS - Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I (UCBL), Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology (MHH) ; Hannover medical school, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute ; Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, Cell Biology, section Radiation & Stress Cell Biology ; UMCG, Univ. of Groningen, Department of Molecular Genetics ; Weizmann Institute of Science, Institute of Immunology ; University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Institute for Immunology ; Institute for Immunology, Department of Neuroscience ; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Centre de génétique et de physiologie moléculaire et cellulaire (CGphiMC) ; CNRS - Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I (UCBL), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; INSERM - Université Paris V - Paris Descartes - Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) - Paris VI, Apoptose, cancer et immunité ; INSERM - Institut Gustave Roussy - Université Paris XI - Paris Sud, metabolomics platform ; Institut Gustave Roussy, Pôle de biologie ; Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) - Hôpital européen Georges Pompidou, Université Paris Descartes - Faculté de Médecine (UP5) ; Université Paris V - Paris Descartes - PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Department of Molecular Neuroscience ; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) ; CERN, Center for Visual Information Technology (CVIT) ; International Institute of Information Technology, Massachusetts Institute of technology [Cambridge] (MIT) ; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology ; University of Washington, Centre for Cancer Biology ; Hanson Institute, Adelaide, Jeune Equipe JE 2526 ; Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, Institut de Recherche Agronomique (Unité sous contrat USC-2018) ; Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRA), Facultad de Medicina ; Universidad de Chile, Institut de génétique moléculaire de Montpellier (IGMM) ; CNRS - Université Montpellier II - Sciences et techniques, Signalisation et Réponses aux Agents Infectieux et Chimiques (SeRAIC) ; IFR140 - Université de Rennes 1 - IRSET, Centre de génétique moléculaire (CGM) ; CNRS - Université Paris XI - Paris Sud - Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) - Paris VI, National Cheng Kung University [Taiwan] (NCKU) ; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Microenvironnement et Physiopathologie de la Differenciation ; INSERM - Université Paris XI - Paris Sud, Howard Hughes Medical Institute ; Howard Hugues Medical Institute, Southwestern Medical Center ; University of Texas, School of Information science and engineering ; Lanzhou University, School of computer and information ; Hefei University, National Neuroscience Institute ; National Neuroscience Institute, National University of Singapore (NUS) ; NUS, Institut de Mécanique des Fluides et des Solides (IMFS) ; CNRS - Université de Strasbourg - ENGEES, Institut Armand Frappier (IAF) ; Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur - Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Central China Normal University ; Central China Normal University, Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR) ; Medical College Of Wisconsin - Emory University School of Medicine, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular ; Universidad de Oviedo - Instituto Universitario de Oncología, Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes [Toulouse] (LAAS) ; CNRS - Université Paul Sabatier (UPS) - Toulouse III - Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées [INSA] - Toulouse, Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer ; LNCC, Johns Hopkins University (JHU) ; Johns Hopkins University, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Karl-Franzens University Graz, (IMB) ; Karl-Franzens University Graz, Department of Pediatrics ; Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Department of Experimental Pharmacology ; Università degli Study di Napoli Federico II, Drug Research and Evaluation ; Istituto Superiore di Sanita‘, Albert Einstein College of Medicine (ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE) ; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology ; Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution - Montpellier (ISEM) ; CNRS - Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] - Université Montpellier II - Sciences et techniques, Institut de signalisation, biologie du développement et cancer (ISBDC) ; CNRS - Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (UNS), Departments of Neurology ; Departments of Neurology, Vanderbilt University [Nashville] ; Vanderbilt University of Nashville, Departments of Pharmacology ; Departments of Pharmacology, Department of Cell Biology [New Haven] ; Yale University School of Medicine - Howard Hugues Medical Institute, Anatomic Pathology Section, Department of Human Pathology and Oncology ; University of Siena, Harvard Medical School (HMS) ; Harvard University, Depts of Radiation Oncology and Pathology ; Wayne State University - Karmanos Cancer Institute, USC Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology ; University of Southern California, Department of Biology ; University of Copenhagen, Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics ; University of Athens, Department of Pathology ; Case Western Reserve University, University of Texas at San Antonio ; University of Texas at San Antonio, Institute of Translational Medicine ; Institute of Translational Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry (IBC) ; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich - Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETH), Department of Biology ; University of Rome Tor Vergata, Génétique, physiopathologie et ingénierie du tissu osseux (GéPITOS) ; CNRS - Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (UNS), Innovation Thérapeutique : du Fondamental au Médicament ; CNRS - Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRA) - INSERM - MEDICEN - Université Paris XI - Paris Sud, Hôpital Antoine Béclère ; Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) - Université Paris XI - Paris Sud, Señalización Celular 4 ; Señalización Celular 4, Department of Molecular Biology ; University of Tuebingen, Department of Neurology Columbia University 650 West 168th Street ; Department of Neurology Columbia University 650 West 168th Street, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology Columbia University 650 West 168th Street ; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology Columbia University 650 West 168th Street, Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease Columbia University 650 West 168th Street ; Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease Columbia University 650 West 168th Street, Department of Cell Biology and Morphology ; Université de Lausanne, CC 101 ; Université Montpellier II - Sciences et techniques, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomembranes, University Medical Center Utrecht ; Institute of Biomembranes, University Medical Center Utrecht, Service de dermatologie ; CHU Nice, Vieillissement, stress, inflammation ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) - Paris VI, University of Cambridge (UK) (CAM) ; University of Cambridge (UK), The Department of Chemical and Environmental Sciences ; University of Limerick, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori ; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Neurogenetics laboratory ; Neurogenetics laboratory, Department of Pathology ; Otto-von-Guericke University, Experimental Tumor Pathology ; University of Erlangen, Unit of Oculogenomics ; Institute for Research in Ophthalmology", Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ; University of Lausanne, Eye Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Jules-Gonin , ; Eye Hospital", Division of regenerative Medicine ; San Raffaele Scientific Institute, ICBM ; Faculty of Medicine - University of Chile, Department of pathology ; Harvard Medical School, Department of Endocrine and Oncology Surgery ; Royal North Shore Hospital, Department of Surgery, Bankstown Hospital and South Western Sydney Clinical School ; University of New South Wales, Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit ; John Radcliffe Hospital - Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences ; University of Bern, Université de Genève ; Université de Genève, Kimmel Cancer Center, and the Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Center ; Thomas Jefferson University, Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disease Unit ; University of Genoa and G. Gaslini Pediatric Institute, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine ; Division of Cell Biology; and Linköping Diabetes Research Centre, Cancer Institute ; University College London, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics ; University of California, San Francisco, Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine and Interdisciplinary Center for Study of inflammation and ER-GenTech ; University of Ferrara, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology - Department of Microbiology ; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Center of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG) ; Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Abramson Cancer Institute and Department of Cancer Biology ; University of Pennsylvania, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes ; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Immunité Innée et Signalisation ; Institut Pasteur de Paris, Istituto CSS Mendel ; Istituto CSS Mendel, Department of Medical and Surgical Pediatrics ; University Hospital, Messina, Department of Intensive care Medicine ; Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Department of Cell Biology ; Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department for Molecular Biomedical Research ; Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, Department of Pediatrics ; University of Padova, Department of Chemistry ; Peking University, Department of Mathematics ; Shanghai University, Sch Mat Sci & Engn ; Aucune, Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire (IRI) ; CNRS - Université Lille II - Droit et santé - Université Lille I - Sciences et technologies, Institut d'électronique, de microélectronique et de nanotechnologie (IEMN) ; CNRS - Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du nunérique (ISEN) - Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis - Université Lille I - Sciences et technologies, Nankai University ; Nankai University, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes ; University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology ; Duke University, Modélisation, Information & Systèmes (MIS) ; Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine ; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Institute of Modern Physics ; Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province ; ganzu Province, Institute of Computing Technology [Biejing] (ICT) ; Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) ; ESRF, Plant Physiology Laboratory ; Chinese Academy of Sciences - Botanical Institute of South china, Division of Biopharmaceutics ; Leiden University, The Institute of Environmental Medicine [Stockholm] (IMM) ; Karolinska Institutet, Institut de biochimie et biophysique moléculaire et cellulaire (IBBMC) ; CNRS - Université Paris XI - Paris Sud, Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation ; University of Gothenburg - Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, department of genetics - Institute of biochemistry and biophysics ; institute of biochemistry an biophysics - polish academic of sciences, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular ; Universitat de Barcelona - Facultat de Biologia - Institute for Research in Biomedicine - CIBERDEM, Chaperones Research Group ; Chaperones Research Group, Klionsky, Daniel J, Abdalla, Fabio C, Abeliovich, Hagai, Abraham, Robert T, Acevedo-Arozena, Abraham, Adeli, Khosrow, Agholme, Lotta, Agnello, Maria, Agostinis, Patrizia, Aguirre-Ghiso, Julio A, Ahn, Hyung Jun, Ait-Mohamed, Ouardia, Ait-Si-Ali, Slimane, Akematsu, Takahiko, Akira, Shizuo, Al-Younes, Hesham M, Al-Zeer, Munir A, Albert, Matthew L, Albin, Roger L, Alegre-Abarrategui, Javier, Aleo, Maria Francesca, Alirezaei, Mehrdad, Almasan, Alexandru, Almonte-Becerril, Maylin, Amano, Atsuo, Amaravadi, Ravi, Amarnath, Shoba, Amer, Amal O, Andrieu-Abadie, Nathalie, Anantharam, Vellareddy, Ann, David K, Anoopkumar-Dukie, Shailendra, Aoki, Hiroshi, Apostolova, Nadezda, Auberger, Patrick, Baba, Misuzu, Backues, Steven K, Baehrecke, Eric H, Bahr, Ben A, Bai, Xue-Yuan, Bailly, Yannick, Baiocchi, Robert, Baldini, Giulia, Balduini, Walter, Ballabio, Andrea, Bamber, Bruce A, Bampton, Edward T W, Bánhegyi, Gábor, Bartholomew, Clinton R, Bassham, Diane C, Bast, Robert C, Batoko, Henri, Bay, Boon-Huat, Beau, Isabelle, Béchet, Daniel M, Begley, Thomas J, Behl, Christian, Behrends, Christian, Bekri, Soumeya, Bellaire, Bryan, Bendall, Linda J, Benetti, Luca, Berliocchi, Laura, Bernardi, Henri, Bernassola, Francesca, Besteiro, Sébastien, Bhatia-Kissova, Ingrid, Bi, Xiaoning, Biard-Piechaczyk, Martine, Blum, Janice S, Boise, Lawrence H, Bonaldo, Paolo, Boone, David L, Bornhauser, Beat C, Bortoluci, Karina R, Bossis, Ioannis, Bost, Frédéric, Bourquin, Jean-Pierre, Boya, Patricia, Boyer-Guittaut, Michaël, Bozhkov, Peter V, Brady, Nathan R, Brancolini, Claudio, Brech, Andreas, Brenman, Jay E, Brennand, Ana, Bresnick, Emery H, Brest, Patrick, Bridges, Dave, Bristol, Molly L, Brookes, Paul S, Brown, Eric J, Brumell, John H, Brunetti-Pierri, Nicola, Brunk, Ulf T, Bulman, Dennis E, Bultman, Scott J, Bultynck, Geert, Burbulla, Lena F, Bursch, Wilfried, Butchar, Jonathan P, Buzgariu, Wanda, Bydlowski, Sergio P, Cadwell, Ken, Cahová, Monika, Cai, Dongsheng, Cai, Jiyang, Cai, Qian, Calabretta, Bruno, Calvo-Garrido, Javier, Camougrand, Nadine, Campanella, Michelangelo, Campos-Salinas, Jenny, Candi, Eleonora, Cao, Lizhi, Caplan, Allan B, Carding, Simon R, Cardoso, Sandra M, Carew, Jennifer S, Carlin, Cathleen R, Carmignac, Virginie, Carneiro, Leticia A M, Carra, Serena, Caruso, Rosario A, Casari, Giorgio, Casas, Caty, Castino, Roberta, Cebollero, Eduardo, Cecconi, Francesco, Celli, Jean, Chaachouay, Hassan, Chae, Han-Jung, Chai, Chee-Yin, Chan, David C, Chan, Edmond Y, Chang, Raymond Chuen-Chung, Che, Chi-Ming, Chen, Ching-Chow, Chen, Guang-Chao, Chen, Guo-Qiang, Chen, Min, Chen, Quan, Chen, Steve S-L, Chen, Wenli, Chen, Xi, Chen, Xiangmei, Chen, Xiequn, Chen, Ye-Guang, Chen, Yingyu, Chen, Yongqiang, Chen, Yu-Jen, Chen, Zhixiang, Cheng, Alan, Cheng, Christopher H K, Cheng, Yan, Cheong, Heesun, Cheong, Jae-Ho, Cherry, Sara, Chess-Williams, Russ, Cheung, Zelda H, Chevet, Eric, Chiang, Hui-Ling, Chiarelli, Roberto, Chiba, Tomoki, Chin, Lih-Shen, Chiou, Shih-Hwa, Chisari, Francis V, Cho, Chi Hin, Cho, Dong-Hyung, Choi, Augustine M K, Choi, Dooseok, Choi, Kyeong Sook, Choi, Mary E, Chouaib, Salem, Choubey, Divaker, Choubey, Vinay, Chu, Charleen T, Chuang, Tsung-Hsien, Chueh, Sheau-Huei, Chun, Taehoon, Chwae, Yong-Joon, Chye, Mee-Len, Ciarcia, Roberto, Ciriolo, Maria R, Clague, Michael J, Clark, Robert S B, Clarke, Peter G H, Clarke, Robert, Codogno, Patrice, Coller, Hilary A, Colombo, María I, Comincini, Sergio, Condello, Maria, Condorelli, Fabrizio, Cookson, Mark R, Coombs, Graham H, Coppens, Isabelle, Corbalan, Ramon, Cossart, Pascale, Costelli, Paola, Costes, Safia, Coto-Montes, Ana, Couve, Eduardo, Coxon, Fraser P, Cregg, James M, Crespo, José L, Cronjé, Marianne J, Cuervo, Ana Maria, Cullen, Joseph J, Czaja, Mark J, D'Amelio, Marcello, Darfeuille-Michaud, Arlette, Davids, Lester M, Davies, Faith E, De Felici, Massimo, De Groot, John F, De Haan, Cornelis A M, De Martino, Luisa, De Milito, Angelo, De Tata, Vincenzo, Debnath, Jayanta, Degterev, Alexei, Dehay, Benjamin, Delbridge, Lea M D, Demarchi, Francesca, Deng, Yi Zhen, Dengjel, Jörn, Dent, Paul, Denton, Donna, Deretic, Vojo, Desai, Shyamal D, Devenish, Rodney J, Di Gioacchino, Mario, Di Paolo, Gilbert, Di Pietro, Chiara, Díaz-Araya, Guillermo, Díaz-Laviada, Inés, Diaz-Meco, Maria T, Diaz-Nido, Javier, Dikic, Ivan, Dinesh-Kumar, Savithramma P, Ding, Wen-Xing, Distelhorst, Clark W, Diwan, Abhinav, Djavaheri-Mergny, Mojgan, Dokudovskaya, Svetlana, Dong, Zheng, Dorsey, Frank C, Dosenko, Victor, Dowling, James J, Doxsey, Stephen, Dreux, Marlène, Drew, Mark E, Duan, Qiuhong, Duchosal, Michel A, Duff, Karen, Dugail, Isabelle, Durbeej, Madeleine, Duszenko, Michael, Edelstein, Charles L, Edinger, Aimee L, Egea, Gustavo, Eichinger, Ludwig, Eissa, N Tony, Ekmekcioglu, Suhendan, El-Deiry, Wafik S, Elazar, Zvulun, Elgendy, Mohamed, Ellerby, Lisa M, Eng, Kai Er, Engelbrecht, Anna-Mart, Engelender, Simone, Erenpreisa, Jekaterina, Escalante, Ricardo, Esclatine, Audrey, Eskelinen, Eeva-Liisa, Espert, Lucile, Espina, Virginia, Fan, Huizhou, Fan, Jia, Fan, Qi-Wen, Fan, Zhen, Fang, Shengyun, Fang, Yongqi, Fanto, Manolis, Fanzani, Alessandro, Farkas, Thomas, Farré, Jean-Claude, Faure, Mathias, Fechheimer, Marcus, Feng, Carl G, Feng, Jian, Feng, Qili, Feng, Youji, Fésüs, László, Feuer, Ralph, Figueiredo-Pereira, Maria E, Fimia, Gian Maria, Fingar, Diane C, Finkbeiner, Steven, Finkel, Toren, Finley, Kim D, Fiorito, Filomena, Fisher, Edward A, Fisher, Paul B, Flajolet, Marc, Florez-Mcclure, Maria L, Florio, Salvatore, Fon, Edward A, Fornai, Francesco, Fortunato, Franco, Fotedar, Rati, Fowler, Daniel H, Fox, Howard S, Franco, Rodrigo, Frankel, Lisa B, Fransen, Marc, Fuentes, José M, Fueyo, Juan, Fujii, Jun, Fujisaki, Kozo, Fujita, Eriko, Fukuda, Mitsunori, Furukawa, Ruth H, Gaestel, Matthias, Gailly, Philippe, Gajewska, Malgorzata, Galliot, Brigitte, Galy, Vincent, Ganesh, Subramaniam, Ganetzky, Barry, Ganley, Ian G, Gao, Fen-Biao, Gao, George F, Gao, Jinming, Garcia, Lorena, Garcia-Manero, Guillermo, Garcia-Marcos, Mikel, Garmyn, Marjan, Gartel, Andrei L, Gatti, Evelina, Gautel, Mathias, Gawriluk, Thomas R, Gegg, Matthew E, Geng, Jiefei, Germain, Marc, Gestwicki, Jason E, Gewirtz, David A, Ghavami, Saeid, Ghosh, Pradipta, Giammarioli, Anna M, Giatromanolaki, Alexandra N, Gibson, Spencer B, Gilkerson, Robert W, Ginger, Michael L, Goncu, Ebru, Gongora, Céline, Gonzalez, Claudio D, Gonzalez, Ramon, González-Estévez, Cristina, González-Polo, Rosa Ana, Gonzalez-Rey, Elena, Gorbunov, Nikolai V, Gorski, Sharon, Goruppi, Sandro, Gottlieb, Roberta A, Gozuacik, Devrim, Granato, Giovanna Elvira, Grant, Gary D, Green, Kim N, Gregorc, Aleš, Gros, Frédéric, Grose, Charles, Grunt, Thomas W, Gual, Philippe, Guan, Jun-Lin, Guan, Kun-Liang, Guichard, Sylvie M, Gukovskaya, Anna S, Gukovsky, Ilya, Gunst, Jan, Gustafsson, Asa B, Halayko, Andrew J, Hale, Amber N, Halonen, Sandra K, Hamasaki, Maho, Han, Feng, Han, Ting, Hancock, Michael K, Hansen, Malene, Harada, Hisashi, Harada, Masaru, Hardt, Stefan E, Harper, J Wade, Harris, Adrian L, Harris, James, Harris, Steven D, Hébert, Marie-Joseé, Heidenreich, Kim A, Helfrich, Miep H, Helgason, Gudmundur V, Henske, Elizabeth P, Herman, Brian, Herman, Paul K, Hetz, Claudio, Hilfiker, Sabine, Hill, Joseph A, Hocking, Lynne J, Hofman, Paul, Hofmann, Thomas G, Höhfeld, Jörg, Holyoake, Tessa L, Hong, Ming-Huang, Hood, David A, Hotamisligil, Gökhan S, Houwerzijl, Ewout J, Høyer-Hansen, Maria, Hu, Bingren, Hu, Chien-An A, Hu, Hong-Ming, Hua, Ya, Huang, Canhua, Huang, Ju, Huang, Shengbing, Huang, Wei-Pang, Huber, Tobias B, Huh, Won-Ki, Hung, Tai-Ho, Hupp, Ted R, Hur, Gang Min, Hurley, James B, Hussain, Sabah N A, Hussey, Patrick J, Hwang, Jung Jin, Hwang, Seungmin, Ichihara, Atsuhiro, Ilkhanizadeh, Shirin, Inoki, Ken, Into, Takeshi, Iovane, Valentina, Iovanna, Juan L, Ip, Nancy Y, Isaka, Yoshitaka, Ishida, Hiroyuki, Isidoro, Ciro, Isobe, Ken-Ichi, Iwasaki, Akiko, Izquierdo, Marta, Izumi, Yotaro, Jaakkola, Panu M, Jäättelä, Marja, Jackson, George R, Jackson, William T, Janji, Bassam, Jendrach, Marina, Jeon, Ju-Hong, Jeung, Eui-Bae, Jiang, Hong, Jiang, Hongchi, Jiang, Jean X, Jiang, Ming, Jiang, Qing, Jiang, Xuejun, Jiménez, Alberto, Jin, Meiyan, Jin, Shengkan, Joe, Cheol O, Johansen, Terje, Johnson, Daniel E, Johnson, Gail V W, Jones, Nicola L, Joseph, Bertrand, Joseph, Suresh K, Joubert, Annie M, Juhász, Gábor, Juillerat-Jeanneret, Lucienne, Jung, Chang Hwa, Jung, Yong-Keun, Kaarniranta, Kai, Kaasik, Allen, Kabuta, Tomohiro, Kadowaki, Motoni, Kagedal, Katarina, Kamada, Yoshiaki, Kaminskyy, Vitaliy O, Kampinga, Harm H, Kanamori, Hiromitsu, Kang, Chanhee, Kang, Khong Bee, Kang, Kwang Il, Kang, Rui, Kang, Yoon-A, Kanki, Tomotake, Kanneganti, Thirumala-Devi, Kanno, Haruo, Kanthasamy, Anumantha G, Kanthasamy, Arthi, Karantza, Vassiliki, Kaushal, Gur P, Kaushik, Susmita, Kawazoe, Yoshinori, Ke, Po-Yuan, Kehrl, John H, Kelekar, Ameeta, Kerkhoff, Claus, Kessel, David H, Khalil, Hany, Kiel, Jan A K W, Kiger, Amy A, Kihara, Akio, Kim, Deok Ryong, Kim, Do-Hyung, Kim, Dong-Hou, Kim, Eun-Kyoung, Kim, Hyung-Ryong, Kim, Jae-Sung, Kim, Jeong Hun, Kim, Jin Cheon, Kim, John K, Kim, Peter K, Kim, Seong Who, Kim, Yong-Sun, Kim, Yonghyun, Kimchi, Adi, Kimmelman, Alec C, King, Jason S, Kinsella, Timothy J, Kirkin, Vladimir, Kirshenbaum, Lorrie A, Kitamoto, Katsuhiko, Kitazato, Kaio, Klein, Ludger, Klimecki, Walter T, Klucken, Jochen, Knecht, Erwin, Ko, Ben C B, Koch, Jan C, Koga, Hiroshi, Koh, Jae-Young, Koh, Young Ho, Koike, Masato, Komatsu, Masaaki, Kominami, Eiki, Kong, Hee Jeong, Kong, Wei-Jia, Korolchuk, Viktor I, Kotake, Yaichiro, Koukourakis, Michael I, Kouri Flores, Juan B, Kovács, Attila L, Kraft, Claudine, Krainc, Dimitri, Krämer, Helmut, Kretz-Remy, Carole, Krichevsky, Anna M, Kroemer, Guido, Krüger, Rejko, Krut, Oleg, Ktistakis, Nicholas T, Kuan, Chia-Yi, Kucharczyk, Roza, Kumar, Ashok, Kumar, Raj, Kumar, Sharad, Kundu, Mondira, Kung, Hsing-Jien, Kurz, Tino, Kwon, Ho Jeong, La Spada, Albert R, Lafont, Frank, Lamark, Trond, Landry, Jacques, Lane, Jon D, Lapaquette, Pierre, Laporte, Jocelyn F, László, Lajos, Lavandero, Sergio, Lavoie, Josée N, Layfield, Robert, Lazo, Pedro A, Le, Weidong, Le Cam, Laurent, Ledbetter, Daniel J, Lee, Alvin J X, Lee, Byung-Wan, Lee, Gyun Min, Lee, Jongdae, Lee, Ju-Hyun, Lee, Michael, Lee, Myung-Shik, Lee, Sug Hyung, Leeuwenburgh, Christiaan, Legembre, Patrick, Legouis, Renaud, Lehmann, Michael, Lei, Huan-Yao, Lei, Qun-Ying, Leib, David A, Leiro, José, Lemasters, John J, Lemoine, Antoinette, Lesniak, Maciej S, Lev, Dina, Levenson, Victor V, Levine, Beth, Levy, Efrat, Li, Faqiang, Li, Jun-Lin, Li, Lian, Li, Sheng, Li, Weijie, Li, Xue-Jun, Li, Yan-Bo, Li, Yi-Ping, Liang, Chengyu, Liang, Qiangrong, Liao, Yung-Feng, Liberski, Pawel P, Lieberman, Andrew, Lim, Hyunjung J, Lim, Kah-Leong, Lim, Kyu, Lin, Chiou-Feng, Lin, Fu-Cheng, Lin, Jian, Lin, Jiandie D, Lin, Kui, Lin, Wan-Wan, Lin, Weei-Chin, Lin, Yi-Ling, Linden, Rafael, Lingor, Paul, Lippincott-Schwartz, Jennifer, Lisanti, Michael P, Liton, Paloma B, Liu, Bo, Liu, Chun-Feng, Liu, Kaiyu, Liu, Leyuan, Liu, Qiong A, Liu, Wei, Liu, Young-Chau, Liu, Yule, Lockshin, Richard A, Lok, Chun-Nam, Lonial, Sagar, Loos, Benjamin, Lopez-Berestein, Gabriel, López-Otín, Carlos, Lossi, Laura, Lotze, Michael T, Lőw, Peter, Lu, Binfeng, Lu, Bingwei, Lu, Bo, Lu, Zhen, Luciano, Frédéric, Lukacs, Nicholas W, Lund, Anders H, Lynch-Day, Melinda A, Ma, Yong, Macian, Fernando, Mackeigan, Jeff P, Macleod, Kay F, Madeo, Frank, Maiuri, Luigi, Maiuri, Maria Chiara, Malagoli, Davide, Malicdan, May Christine V, Malorni, Walter, Man, Na, Mandelkow, Eva-Maria, Manon, Stéphen, Manov, Irena, Mao, Kai, Mao, Xiang, Mao, Zixu, Marambaud, Philippe, Marazziti, Daniela, Marcel, Yves L, Marchbank, Katie, Marchetti, Piero, Marciniak, Stefan J, Marcondes, Mateus, Mardi, Mohsen, Marfe, Gabriella, Mariño, Guillermo, Markaki, Maria, Marten, Mark R, Martin, Seamus J, Martinand-Mari, Camille, Martinet, Wim, Martinez-Vicente, Marta, Masini, Matilde, Matarrese, Paola, Matsuo, Saburo, Matteoni, Raffaele, Mayer, Andreas, Mazure, Nathalie M, Mcconkey, David J, Mcconnell, Melanie J, Mcdermott, Catherine, Mcdonald, Christine, Mcinerney, Gerald M, Mckenna, Sharon L, Mclaughlin, Bethann, Mclean, Pamela J, Mcmaster, Christopher R, Mcquibban, G Angus, Meijer, Alfred J, Meisler, Miriam H, Meléndez, Alicia, Melia, Thomas J, Melino, Gerry, Mena, Maria A, Menendez, Javier A, Menna-Barreto, Rubem F S, Menon, Manoj B, Menzies, Fiona M, Mercer, Carol A, Merighi, Adalberto, Merry, Diane E, Meschini, Stefania, Meyer, Christian G, Meyer, Thomas F, Miao, Chao-Yu, Miao, Jun-Ying, 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Nezis, Ioannis P, Nguyen, Huu Phuc, Nie, Daotai, Nishino, Ichizo, Nislow, Corey, Nixon, Ralph A, Noda, Takeshi, Noegel, Angelika A, Nogalska, Anna, Noguchi, Satoru, Notterpek, Lucia, Novak, Ivana, Nozaki, Tomoyoshi, Nukina, Nobuyuki, Nürnberger, Thorsten, Nyfeler, Beat, Obara, Keisuke, Oberley, Terry D, Oddo, Salvatore, Ogawa, Michinaga, Ohashi, Toya, Okamoto, Koji, Oleinick, Nancy L, Oliver, F Javier, Olsen, Laura J, Olsson, Stefan, Opota, Onya, Osborne, Timothy F, Ostrander, Gary K, Otsu, Kinya, Ou, Jing-Hsiung James, Ouimet, Mireille, Overholtzer, Michael, Ozpolat, Bulent, Paganetti, Paolo, Pagnini, Ugo, Pallet, Nicolas, Palmer, Glen E, Palumbo, Camilla, Pan, Tianhong, Panaretakis, Theocharis, Pandey, Udai Bhan, Papackova, Zuzana, Papassideri, Issidora, Paris, Irmgard, Park, Junsoo, Park, Ohkmae K, Parys, Jan B, Parzych, Katherine R, Patschan, Susann, Patterson, Cam, Pattingre, Sophie, Pawelek, John M, Peng, Jianxin, Perlmutter, David H, Perrotta, Ida, Perry, George, Pervaiz, 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Chile, Institut de génétique moléculaire de Montpellier (IGMM) ; CNRS - Université Montpellier II - Sciences et techniques, Signalisation et Réponses aux Agents Infectieux et Chimiques (SeRAIC) ; IFR140 - Université de Rennes 1 - IRSET, Centre de génétique moléculaire (CGM) ; CNRS - Université Paris XI - Paris Sud - Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) - Paris VI, National Cheng Kung University [Taiwan] (NCKU) ; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Microenvironnement et Physiopathologie de la Differenciation ; INSERM - Université Paris XI - Paris Sud, Howard Hughes Medical Institute ; Howard Hugues Medical Institute, Southwestern Medical Center ; University of Texas, School of Information science and engineering ; Lanzhou University, School of computer and information ; Hefei University, National Neuroscience Institute ; National Neuroscience Institute, National University of Singapore (NUS) ; NUS, Institut de Mécanique des Fluides et des Solides (IMFS) ; CNRS - Université de Strasbourg - ENGEES, Institut Armand Frappier (IAF) ; Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur - Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Central China Normal University ; Central China Normal University, Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR) ; Medical College Of Wisconsin - Emory University School of Medicine, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular ; Universidad de Oviedo - Instituto Universitario de Oncología, Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes [Toulouse] (LAAS) ; CNRS - Université Paul Sabatier (UPS) - Toulouse III - Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées [INSA] - Toulouse, Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer ; LNCC, Johns Hopkins University (JHU) ; Johns Hopkins University, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Karl-Franzens University Graz, (IMB) ; Karl-Franzens University Graz, Department of Pediatrics ; Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Department of Experimental Pharmacology ; Università degli Study di Napoli Federico II, Drug Research and Evaluation ; Istituto Superiore di Sanita‘, Albert Einstein College of Medicine (ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE) ; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology ; Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution - Montpellier (ISEM) ; CNRS - Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] - Université Montpellier II - Sciences et techniques, Institut de signalisation, biologie du développement et cancer (ISBDC) ; CNRS - Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (UNS), Departments of Neurology ; Departments of Neurology, Vanderbilt University [Nashville] ; Vanderbilt University of Nashville, Departments of Pharmacology ; Departments of Pharmacology, Department of Cell Biology [New Haven] ; Yale University School of Medicine - Howard Hugues Medical Institute, Anatomic Pathology Section, Department of Human Pathology and Oncology ; University of Siena, Harvard Medical School (HMS) ; Harvard University, Depts of Radiation Oncology and Pathology ; Wayne State University - Karmanos Cancer Institute, USC Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology ; University of Southern California, Department of Biology ; University of Copenhagen, Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics ; University of Athens, Department of Pathology ; Case Western Reserve University, University of Texas at San Antonio ; University of Texas at San Antonio, Institute of Translational Medicine ; Institute of Translational Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry (IBC) ; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich - Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETH), Department of Biology ; University of Rome Tor Vergata, Génétique, physiopathologie et ingénierie du tissu osseux (GéPITOS) ; CNRS - Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (UNS), Innovation Thérapeutique : du Fondamental au Médicament ; CNRS - Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRA) - INSERM - MEDICEN - Université Paris XI - Paris Sud, Hôpital Antoine Béclère ; Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) - Université Paris XI - Paris Sud, Señalización Celular 4 ; Señalización Celular 4, Department of Molecular Biology ; University of Tuebingen, Department of Neurology Columbia University 650 West 168th Street ; Department of Neurology Columbia University 650 West 168th Street, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology Columbia University 650 West 168th Street ; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology Columbia University 650 West 168th Street, Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease Columbia University 650 West 168th Street ; Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease Columbia University 650 West 168th Street, Department of Cell Biology and Morphology ; Université de Lausanne, CC 101 ; Université Montpellier II - Sciences et techniques, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomembranes, University Medical Center Utrecht ; Institute of Biomembranes, University Medical Center Utrecht, Service de dermatologie ; CHU Nice, Vieillissement, stress, inflammation ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) - Paris VI, University of Cambridge (UK) (CAM) ; University of Cambridge (UK), The Department of Chemical and Environmental Sciences ; University of Limerick, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori ; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Neurogenetics laboratory ; Neurogenetics laboratory, Department of Pathology ; Otto-von-Guericke University, Experimental Tumor Pathology ; University of Erlangen, Unit of Oculogenomics ; Institute for Research in Ophthalmology", Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ; University of Lausanne, Eye Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Jules-Gonin , ; Eye Hospital", Division of regenerative Medicine ; San Raffaele Scientific Institute, ICBM ; Faculty of Medicine - University of Chile, Department of pathology ; Harvard Medical School, Department of Endocrine and Oncology Surgery ; Royal North Shore Hospital, Department of Surgery, Bankstown Hospital and South Western Sydney Clinical School ; University of New South Wales, Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit ; John Radcliffe Hospital - Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences ; University of Bern, Université de Genève ; Université de Genève, Kimmel Cancer Center, and the Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Center ; Thomas Jefferson University, Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disease Unit ; University of Genoa and G. Gaslini Pediatric Institute, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine ; Division of Cell Biology; and Linköping Diabetes Research Centre, Cancer Institute ; University College London, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics ; University of California, San Francisco, Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine and Interdisciplinary Center for Study of inflammation and ER-GenTech ; University of Ferrara, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology - Department of Microbiology ; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Center of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG) ; Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Abramson Cancer Institute and Department of Cancer Biology ; University of Pennsylvania, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes ; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Immunité Innée et Signalisation ; Institut Pasteur de Paris, Istituto CSS Mendel ; Istituto CSS Mendel, Department of Medical and Surgical Pediatrics ; University Hospital, Messina, Department of Intensive care Medicine ; Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Department of Cell Biology ; Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department for Molecular Biomedical Research ; Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, Department of Pediatrics ; University of Padova, Department of Chemistry ; Peking University, Department of Mathematics ; Shanghai University, Sch Mat Sci & Engn ; Aucune, Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire (IRI) ; CNRS - Université Lille II - Droit et santé - Université Lille I - Sciences et technologies, Institut d'électronique, de microélectronique et de nanotechnologie (IEMN) ; CNRS - Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du nunérique (ISEN) - Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis - Université Lille I - Sciences et technologies, Nankai University ; Nankai University, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes ; University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology ; Duke University, Modélisation, Information & Systèmes (MIS) ; Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine ; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Institute of Modern Physics ; Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province ; ganzu Province, Institute of Computing Technology [Biejing] (ICT) ; Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) ; ESRF, Plant Physiology Laboratory ; Chinese Academy of Sciences - Botanical Institute of South china, Division of Biopharmaceutics ; Leiden University, The Institute of Environmental Medicine [Stockholm] (IMM) ; Karolinska Institutet, Institut de biochimie et biophysique moléculaire et cellulaire (IBBMC) ; CNRS - Université Paris XI - Paris Sud, Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation ; University of Gothenburg - Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, department of genetics - Institute of biochemistry and biophysics ; institute of biochemistry an biophysics - polish academic of sciences, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular ; Universitat de Barcelona - Facultat de Biologia - Institute for Research in Biomedicine - CIBERDEM, Chaperones Research Group ; Chaperones Research Group, Klionsky, Daniel J, Abdalla, Fabio C, Abeliovich, Hagai, Abraham, Robert T, Acevedo-Arozena, Abraham, Adeli, Khosrow, Agholme, Lotta, Agnello, Maria, Agostinis, Patrizia, Aguirre-Ghiso, Julio A, Ahn, Hyung Jun, Ait-Mohamed, Ouardia, Ait-Si-Ali, Slimane, Akematsu, Takahiko, Akira, Shizuo, Al-Younes, Hesham M, Al-Zeer, Munir A, Albert, Matthew L, Albin, Roger L, Alegre-Abarrategui, Javier, Aleo, Maria Francesca, Alirezaei, Mehrdad, Almasan, Alexandru, Almonte-Becerril, Maylin, Amano, Atsuo, Amaravadi, Ravi, Amarnath, Shoba, Amer, Amal O, Andrieu-Abadie, Nathalie, Anantharam, Vellareddy, Ann, David K, Anoopkumar-Dukie, Shailendra, Aoki, Hiroshi, Apostolova, Nadezda, Auberger, Patrick, Baba, Misuzu, Backues, Steven K, Baehrecke, Eric H, Bahr, Ben A, Bai, Xue-Yuan, Bailly, Yannick, Baiocchi, Robert, Baldini, Giulia, Balduini, Walter, Ballabio, Andrea, Bamber, Bruce A, Bampton, Edward T W, Bánhegyi, Gábor, Bartholomew, Clinton R, Bassham, Diane C, Bast, Robert C, Batoko, Henri, Bay, Boon-Huat, Beau, Isabelle, Béchet, Daniel M, Begley, Thomas J, Behl, Christian, Behrends, Christian, Bekri, Soumeya, Bellaire, Bryan, Bendall, Linda J, Benetti, Luca, Berliocchi, Laura, Bernardi, Henri, Bernassola, Francesca, Besteiro, Sébastien, Bhatia-Kissova, Ingrid, Bi, Xiaoning, Biard-Piechaczyk, Martine, Blum, Janice S, Boise, Lawrence H, Bonaldo, Paolo, Boone, David L, Bornhauser, Beat C, Bortoluci, Karina R, Bossis, Ioannis, Bost, Frédéric, Bourquin, Jean-Pierre, Boya, Patricia, Boyer-Guittaut, Michaël, Bozhkov, Peter V, Brady, Nathan R, Brancolini, Claudio, Brech, Andreas, Brenman, Jay E, Brennand, Ana, Bresnick, Emery H, Brest, Patrick, Bridges, Dave, Bristol, Molly L, Brookes, Paul S, Brown, Eric J, Brumell, John H, Brunetti-Pierri, Nicola, Brunk, Ulf T, Bulman, Dennis E, Bultman, Scott J, Bultynck, Geert, Burbulla, Lena F, Bursch, Wilfried, Butchar, Jonathan P, Buzgariu, Wanda, Bydlowski, Sergio P, Cadwell, Ken, Cahová, Monika, Cai, Dongsheng, Cai, Jiyang, Cai, Qian, Calabretta, Bruno, Calvo-Garrido, Javier, Camougrand, Nadine, Campanella, Michelangelo, Campos-Salinas, Jenny, Candi, Eleonora, Cao, Lizhi, Caplan, Allan B, Carding, Simon R, Cardoso, Sandra M, Carew, Jennifer S, Carlin, Cathleen R, Carmignac, Virginie, Carneiro, Leticia A M, Carra, Serena, Caruso, Rosario A, Casari, Giorgio, Casas, Caty, Castino, Roberta, Cebollero, Eduardo, Cecconi, Francesco, Celli, Jean, Chaachouay, Hassan, Chae, Han-Jung, Chai, Chee-Yin, Chan, David C, Chan, Edmond Y, Chang, Raymond Chuen-Chung, Che, Chi-Ming, Chen, Ching-Chow, Chen, Guang-Chao, Chen, Guo-Qiang, Chen, Min, Chen, Quan, Chen, Steve S-L, Chen, Wenli, Chen, Xi, Chen, Xiangmei, Chen, Xiequn, Chen, Ye-Guang, Chen, Yingyu, Chen, Yongqiang, Chen, Yu-Jen, Chen, Zhixiang, Cheng, Alan, Cheng, Christopher H K, Cheng, Yan, Cheong, Heesun, Cheong, Jae-Ho, Cherry, Sara, Chess-Williams, Russ, Cheung, Zelda H, Chevet, Eric, Chiang, Hui-Ling, Chiarelli, Roberto, Chiba, Tomoki, Chin, Lih-Shen, Chiou, Shih-Hwa, Chisari, Francis V, Cho, Chi Hin, Cho, Dong-Hyung, Choi, Augustine M K, Choi, Dooseok, Choi, Kyeong Sook, Choi, Mary E, Chouaib, Salem, Choubey, Divaker, Choubey, Vinay, Chu, Charleen T, Chuang, Tsung-Hsien, Chueh, Sheau-Huei, Chun, Taehoon, Chwae, Yong-Joon, Chye, Mee-Len, Ciarcia, Roberto, Ciriolo, Maria R, Clague, Michael J, Clark, Robert S B, Clarke, Peter G H, Clarke, Robert, Codogno, Patrice, Coller, Hilary A, Colombo, María I, Comincini, Sergio, Condello, Maria, Condorelli, Fabrizio, Cookson, Mark R, Coombs, Graham H, Coppens, Isabelle, Corbalan, Ramon, Cossart, Pascale, Costelli, Paola, Costes, Safia, Coto-Montes, Ana, Couve, Eduardo, Coxon, Fraser P, Cregg, James M, Crespo, José L, Cronjé, Marianne J, Cuervo, Ana Maria, Cullen, Joseph J, Czaja, Mark J, D'Amelio, Marcello, Darfeuille-Michaud, Arlette, Davids, Lester M, Davies, Faith E, De Felici, Massimo, De Groot, John F, De Haan, Cornelis A M, De Martino, Luisa, De Milito, Angelo, De Tata, Vincenzo, Debnath, Jayanta, Degterev, Alexei, Dehay, Benjamin, Delbridge, Lea M D, Demarchi, Francesca, Deng, Yi Zhen, Dengjel, Jörn, Dent, Paul, Denton, Donna, Deretic, Vojo, Desai, Shyamal D, Devenish, Rodney J, Di Gioacchino, Mario, Di Paolo, Gilbert, Di Pietro, Chiara, Díaz-Araya, Guillermo, Díaz-Laviada, Inés, Diaz-Meco, Maria T, Diaz-Nido, Javier, Dikic, Ivan, Dinesh-Kumar, Savithramma P, Ding, Wen-Xing, Distelhorst, Clark W, Diwan, Abhinav, Djavaheri-Mergny, Mojgan, Dokudovskaya, Svetlana, Dong, Zheng, Dorsey, Frank C, Dosenko, Victor, Dowling, James J, Doxsey, Stephen, Dreux, Marlène, Drew, Mark E, Duan, Qiuhong, Duchosal, Michel A, Duff, Karen, Dugail, Isabelle, Durbeej, Madeleine, Duszenko, Michael, Edelstein, Charles L, Edinger, Aimee L, Egea, Gustavo, Eichinger, Ludwig, Eissa, N Tony, Ekmekcioglu, Suhendan, El-Deiry, Wafik S, Elazar, Zvulun, Elgendy, Mohamed, Ellerby, Lisa M, Eng, Kai Er, Engelbrecht, Anna-Mart, Engelender, Simone, Erenpreisa, Jekaterina, Escalante, Ricardo, Esclatine, Audrey, Eskelinen, Eeva-Liisa, Espert, Lucile, Espina, Virginia, Fan, Huizhou, Fan, Jia, Fan, Qi-Wen, Fan, Zhen, Fang, Shengyun, Fang, Yongqi, Fanto, Manolis, Fanzani, Alessandro, Farkas, Thomas, Farré, Jean-Claude, Faure, Mathias, Fechheimer, Marcus, Feng, Carl G, Feng, Jian, Feng, Qili, Feng, Youji, Fésüs, László, Feuer, Ralph, Figueiredo-Pereira, Maria E, Fimia, Gian Maria, Fingar, Diane C, Finkbeiner, Steven, Finkel, Toren, Finley, Kim D, Fiorito, Filomena, Fisher, Edward A, Fisher, Paul B, Flajolet, Marc, Florez-Mcclure, Maria L, Florio, Salvatore, Fon, Edward A, Fornai, Francesco, Fortunato, Franco, Fotedar, Rati, Fowler, Daniel H, Fox, Howard S, Franco, Rodrigo, Frankel, Lisa B, Fransen, Marc, Fuentes, José M, Fueyo, Juan, Fujii, Jun, Fujisaki, Kozo, Fujita, Eriko, Fukuda, Mitsunori, Furukawa, Ruth H, Gaestel, Matthias, Gailly, Philippe, Gajewska, Malgorzata, Galliot, Brigitte, Galy, Vincent, Ganesh, Subramaniam, Ganetzky, Barry, Ganley, Ian G, Gao, Fen-Biao, Gao, George F, Gao, Jinming, Garcia, Lorena, Garcia-Manero, Guillermo, Garcia-Marcos, Mikel, Garmyn, Marjan, Gartel, Andrei L, Gatti, Evelina, Gautel, Mathias, Gawriluk, Thomas R, Gegg, Matthew E, Geng, Jiefei, Germain, Marc, Gestwicki, Jason E, Gewirtz, David A, Ghavami, Saeid, Ghosh, Pradipta, Giammarioli, Anna M, Giatromanolaki, Alexandra N, Gibson, Spencer B, Gilkerson, Robert W, Ginger, Michael L, Goncu, Ebru, Gongora, Céline, Gonzalez, Claudio D, Gonzalez, Ramon, González-Estévez, Cristina, González-Polo, Rosa Ana, Gonzalez-Rey, Elena, Gorbunov, Nikolai V, Gorski, Sharon, Goruppi, Sandro, Gottlieb, Roberta A, Gozuacik, Devrim, Granato, Giovanna Elvira, Grant, Gary D, Green, Kim N, Gregorc, Aleš, Gros, Frédéric, Grose, Charles, Grunt, Thomas W, Gual, Philippe, Guan, Jun-Lin, Guan, Kun-Liang, Guichard, Sylvie M, Gukovskaya, Anna S, Gukovsky, Ilya, Gunst, Jan, Gustafsson, Asa B, Halayko, Andrew J, Hale, Amber N, Halonen, Sandra K, Hamasaki, Maho, Han, Feng, Han, Ting, Hancock, Michael K, Hansen, Malene, Harada, Hisashi, Harada, Masaru, Hardt, Stefan E, Harper, J Wade, Harris, Adrian L, Harris, James, Harris, Steven D, Hébert, Marie-Joseé, Heidenreich, Kim A, Helfrich, Miep H, Helgason, Gudmundur V, Henske, Elizabeth P, Herman, Brian, Herman, Paul K, Hetz, Claudio, Hilfiker, Sabine, Hill, Joseph A, Hocking, Lynne J, Hofman, Paul, Hofmann, Thomas G, Höhfeld, Jörg, Holyoake, Tessa L, Hong, Ming-Huang, Hood, David A, Hotamisligil, Gökhan S, Houwerzijl, Ewout J, Høyer-Hansen, Maria, Hu, Bingren, Hu, Chien-An A, Hu, Hong-Ming, Hua, Ya, Huang, Canhua, Huang, Ju, Huang, Shengbing, Huang, Wei-Pang, Huber, Tobias B, Huh, Won-Ki, Hung, Tai-Ho, Hupp, Ted R, Hur, Gang Min, Hurley, James B, Hussain, Sabah N A, Hussey, Patrick J, Hwang, Jung Jin, Hwang, Seungmin, Ichihara, Atsuhiro, Ilkhanizadeh, Shirin, Inoki, Ken, Into, Takeshi, Iovane, Valentina, Iovanna, Juan L, Ip, Nancy Y, Isaka, Yoshitaka, Ishida, Hiroyuki, Isidoro, Ciro, Isobe, Ken-Ichi, Iwasaki, Akiko, Izquierdo, Marta, Izumi, Yotaro, Jaakkola, Panu M, Jäättelä, Marja, Jackson, George R, Jackson, William T, Janji, Bassam, Jendrach, Marina, Jeon, Ju-Hong, Jeung, Eui-Bae, Jiang, Hong, Jiang, Hongchi, Jiang, Jean X, Jiang, Ming, Jiang, Qing, Jiang, Xuejun, Jiménez, Alberto, Jin, Meiyan, Jin, Shengkan, Joe, Cheol O, Johansen, Terje, Johnson, Daniel E, Johnson, Gail V W, Jones, Nicola L, Joseph, Bertrand, Joseph, Suresh K, Joubert, Annie M, Juhász, Gábor, Juillerat-Jeanneret, Lucienne, Jung, Chang Hwa, Jung, Yong-Keun, Kaarniranta, Kai, Kaasik, Allen, Kabuta, Tomohiro, Kadowaki, Motoni, Kagedal, Katarina, Kamada, Yoshiaki, Kaminskyy, Vitaliy O, Kampinga, Harm H, Kanamori, Hiromitsu, Kang, Chanhee, Kang, Khong Bee, Kang, Kwang Il, Kang, Rui, Kang, Yoon-A, Kanki, Tomotake, Kanneganti, Thirumala-Devi, Kanno, Haruo, Kanthasamy, Anumantha G, Kanthasamy, Arthi, Karantza, Vassiliki, Kaushal, Gur P, Kaushik, Susmita, Kawazoe, Yoshinori, Ke, Po-Yuan, Kehrl, John H, Kelekar, Ameeta, Kerkhoff, Claus, Kessel, David H, Khalil, Hany, Kiel, Jan A K W, Kiger, Amy A, Kihara, Akio, Kim, Deok Ryong, Kim, Do-Hyung, Kim, Dong-Hou, Kim, Eun-Kyoung, Kim, Hyung-Ryong, Kim, Jae-Sung, Kim, Jeong Hun, Kim, Jin Cheon, Kim, John K, Kim, Peter K, Kim, Seong Who, Kim, Yong-Sun, Kim, Yonghyun, Kimchi, Adi, Kimmelman, Alec C, King, Jason S, Kinsella, Timothy J, Kirkin, Vladimir, Kirshenbaum, Lorrie A, Kitamoto, Katsuhiko, Kitazato, Kaio, Klein, Ludger, Klimecki, Walter T, Klucken, Jochen, Knecht, Erwin, Ko, Ben C B, Koch, Jan C, Koga, Hiroshi, Koh, Jae-Young, Koh, Young Ho, Koike, Masato, Komatsu, Masaaki, Kominami, Eiki, Kong, Hee Jeong, Kong, Wei-Jia, Korolchuk, Viktor I, Kotake, Yaichiro, Koukourakis, Michael I, Kouri Flores, Juan B, Kovács, Attila L, Kraft, Claudine, Krainc, Dimitri, Krämer, Helmut, Kretz-Remy, Carole, Krichevsky, Anna M, Kroemer, Guido, Krüger, Rejko, Krut, Oleg, Ktistakis, Nicholas T, Kuan, Chia-Yi, Kucharczyk, Roza, Kumar, Ashok, Kumar, Raj, Kumar, Sharad, Kundu, Mondira, Kung, Hsing-Jien, Kurz, Tino, Kwon, Ho Jeong, La Spada, Albert R, Lafont, Frank, Lamark, Trond, Landry, Jacques, Lane, Jon D, Lapaquette, Pierre, Laporte, Jocelyn F, László, Lajos, Lavandero, Sergio, Lavoie, Josée N, Layfield, Robert, Lazo, Pedro A, Le, Weidong, Le Cam, Laurent, Ledbetter, Daniel J, Lee, Alvin J X, Lee, Byung-Wan, Lee, Gyun Min, Lee, Jongdae, Lee, Ju-Hyun, Lee, Michael, Lee, Myung-Shik, Lee, Sug Hyung, Leeuwenburgh, Christiaan, Legembre, Patrick, Legouis, Renaud, Lehmann, Michael, Lei, Huan-Yao, Lei, Qun-Ying, Leib, David A, Leiro, José, Lemasters, John J, Lemoine, Antoinette, Lesniak, Maciej S, Lev, Dina, Levenson, Victor V, Levine, Beth, Levy, Efrat, Li, Faqiang, Li, Jun-Lin, Li, Lian, Li, Sheng, Li, Weijie, Li, Xue-Jun, Li, Yan-Bo, Li, Yi-Ping, Liang, Chengyu, Liang, Qiangrong, Liao, Yung-Feng, Liberski, Pawel P, Lieberman, Andrew, Lim, Hyunjung J, Lim, Kah-Leong, Lim, Kyu, Lin, Chiou-Feng, Lin, Fu-Cheng, Lin, Jian, Lin, Jiandie D, Lin, Kui, Lin, Wan-Wan, Lin, Weei-Chin, Lin, Yi-Ling, Linden, Rafael, Lingor, Paul, Lippincott-Schwartz, Jennifer, Lisanti, Michael P, Liton, Paloma B, Liu, Bo, Liu, Chun-Feng, Liu, Kaiyu, Liu, Leyuan, Liu, Qiong A, Liu, Wei, Liu, Young-Chau, Liu, Yule, Lockshin, Richard A, Lok, Chun-Nam, Lonial, Sagar, Loos, Benjamin, Lopez-Berestein, Gabriel, López-Otín, Carlos, Lossi, Laura, Lotze, Michael T, Lőw, Peter, Lu, Binfeng, Lu, Bingwei, Lu, Bo, Lu, Zhen, Luciano, Frédéric, Lukacs, Nicholas W, Lund, Anders H, Lynch-Day, Melinda A, Ma, Yong, Macian, Fernando, Mackeigan, Jeff P, Macleod, Kay F, Madeo, Frank, Maiuri, Luigi, Maiuri, Maria Chiara, Malagoli, Davide, Malicdan, May Christine V, Malorni, Walter, Man, Na, Mandelkow, Eva-Maria, Manon, Stéphen, Manov, Irena, Mao, Kai, Mao, Xiang, Mao, Zixu, Marambaud, Philippe, Marazziti, Daniela, Marcel, Yves L, Marchbank, Katie, Marchetti, Piero, Marciniak, Stefan J, Marcondes, Mateus, Mardi, Mohsen, Marfe, Gabriella, Mariño, Guillermo, Markaki, Maria, Marten, Mark R, Martin, Seamus J, Martinand-Mari, Camille, Martinet, Wim, Martinez-Vicente, Marta, Masini, Matilde, Matarrese, Paola, Matsuo, Saburo, Matteoni, Raffaele, Mayer, Andreas, Mazure, Nathalie M, Mcconkey, David J, Mcconnell, Melanie J, Mcdermott, Catherine, Mcdonald, Christine, Mcinerney, Gerald M, Mckenna, Sharon L, Mclaughlin, Bethann, Mclean, Pamela J, Mcmaster, Christopher R, Mcquibban, G Angus, Meijer, Alfred J, Meisler, Miriam H, Meléndez, Alicia, Melia, Thomas J, Melino, Gerry, Mena, Maria A, Menendez, Javier A, Menna-Barreto, Rubem F S, Menon, Manoj B, Menzies, Fiona M, Mercer, Carol A, Merighi, Adalberto, Merry, Diane E, Meschini, Stefania, Meyer, Christian G, Meyer, Thomas F, Miao, Chao-Yu, Miao, Jun-Ying, Michels, Paul A M, Michiels, Carine, Mijaljica, Dalibor, Milojkovic, Ana, Minucci, Saverio, Miracco, Clelia, Miranti, Cindy K, Mitroulis, Ioannis, Miyazawa, Keisuke, Mizushima, Noboru, Mograbi, Baharia, Mohseni, Simin, Molero, Xavier, Mollereau, Bertrand, Mollinedo, Faustino, Momoi, Takashi, Monastyrska, Iryna, Monick, Martha M, Monteiro, Mervyn J, Moore, Michael N, Mora, Rodrigo, Moreau, Kevin, Moreira, Paula I, Moriyasu, Yuji, Moscat, Jorge, Mostowy, Serge, Mottram, Jeremy C, Motyl, Tomasz, Moussa, Charbel E-H, Müller, Sylke, Muller, Sylviane, Münger, Karl, Münz, Christian, Murphy, Leon O, Murphy, Maureen E, Musarò, Antonio, Mysorekar, Indira, Nagata, Eiichiro, Nagata, Kazuhiro, Nahimana, Aimable, Nair, Usha, Nakagawa, Toshiyuki, Nakahira, Kiichi, Nakano, Hiroyasu, Nakatogawa, Hitoshi, Nanjundan, Meera, Naqvi, Naweed I, Narendra, Derek P, Narita, Masashi, Navarro, Miguel, Nawrocki, Steffan T, Nazarko, Taras Y, Nemchenko, Andriy, Netea, Mihai G, Neufeld, Thomas P, Ney, Paul A, Nezis, Ioannis P, Nguyen, Huu Phuc, Nie, Daotai, Nishino, Ichizo, Nislow, Corey, Nixon, Ralph A, Noda, Takeshi, Noegel, Angelika A, Nogalska, Anna, Noguchi, Satoru, Notterpek, Lucia, Novak, Ivana, Nozaki, Tomoyoshi, Nukina, Nobuyuki, Nürnberger, Thorsten, Nyfeler, Beat, Obara, Keisuke, Oberley, Terry D, Oddo, Salvatore, Ogawa, Michinaga, Ohashi, Toya, Okamoto, Koji, Oleinick, Nancy L, Oliver, F Javier, Olsen, Laura J, Olsson, Stefan, Opota, Onya, Osborne, Timothy F, Ostrander, Gary K, Otsu, Kinya, Ou, Jing-Hsiung James, Ouimet, Mireille, Overholtzer, Michael, Ozpolat, Bulent, Paganetti, Paolo, Pagnini, Ugo, Pallet, Nicolas, Palmer, Glen E, Palumbo, Camilla, Pan, Tianhong, Panaretakis, Theocharis, Pandey, Udai Bhan, Papackova, Zuzana, Papassideri, Issidora, Paris, Irmgard, Park, Junsoo, Park, Ohkmae K, Parys, Jan B, Parzych, Katherine R, Patschan, Susann, Patterson, Cam, Pattingre, Sophie, Pawelek, John M, Peng, Jianxin, Perlmutter, David H, Perrotta, Ida, Perry, George, Pervaiz, Shazib, Peter, Matthias, Peters, Godefridus J, Petersen, Morten, Petrovski, Goran, Phang, James M, Piacentini, Mauro, Pierre, Philippe, Pierrefite-Carle, Valérie, Pierron, Gérard, Pinkas-Kramarski, Ronit, Piras, Antonio, Piri, Natik, Platanias, Leonidas C, Pöggeler, Stefanie, Poirot, Marc, Poletti, Angelo, Poüs, Christian, Pozuelo-Rubio, Mercedes, Prætorius-Ibba, Mette, Prasad, Anil, Prescott, Mark, Priault, Muriel, Produit-Zengaffinen, Nathalie, Progulske-Fox, Ann, Proikas-Cezanne, Tassula, Przedborski, Serge, Przyklenk, Karin, Puertollano, Rosa, Puyal, Julien, Qian, Shu-Bing, Qin, Liang, Qin, Zheng-Hong, Quaggin, Susan E, Raben, Nina, Rabinowich, Hannah, Rabkin, Simon W, Rahman, Irfan, Rami, Abdelhaq, Ramm, Georg, Randall, Glenn, Randow, Felix, Rao, V Ashutosh, Rathmell, Jeffrey C, Ravikumar, Brinda, Ray, Swapan K, Reed, Bruce H, Reed, John C, Reggiori, Fulvio, Régnier-Vigouroux, Anne, Reichert, Andreas S, Reiners, John J, Reiter, Russel J, Ren, Jun, Revuelta, José L, Rhodes, Christopher J, Ritis, Konstantinos, Rizzo, Elizete, Robbins, Jeffrey, Roberge, Michel, Roca, Hernan, Roccheri, Maria C, Rocchi, Stephane, Rodemann, H Peter, Rodríguez De Córdoba, Santiago, Rohrer, Bärbel, Roninson, Igor B, Rosen, Kirill, Rost-Roszkowska, Magdalena M, Rouis, Mustapha, Rouschop, Kasper M A, Rovetta, Francesca, Rubin, Brian P, Rubinsztein, David C, Ruckdeschel, Klaus, Rucker, Edmund B, Rudich, Assaf, Rudolf, Emil, Ruiz-Opazo, Nelson, Russo, Rossella, Rusten, Tor Erik, Ryan, Kevin M, Ryter, Stefan W, Sabatini, David M, Sadoshima, Junichi, Saha, Tapas, Saitoh, Tatsuya, Sakagami, Hiroshi, Sakai, Yasuyoshi, Salekdeh, Ghasem Hoseini, Salomoni, Paolo, Salvaterra, Paul M, Salvesen, Guy, Salvioli, Rosa, Sanchez, Anthony M J, Sánchez-Alcázar, José A, Sánchez-Prieto, Ricardo, Sandri, Marco, Sankar, Uma, Sansanwal, Poonam, Santambrogio, Laura, Saran, Shweta, Sarkar, Sovan, Sarwal, Minnie, Sasakawa, Chihiro, Sasnauskiene, Ausra, Sass, Miklós, Sato, Ken, Sato, Miyuki, Schapira, Anthony H V, Scharl, Michael, Schätzl, Hermann M, Scheper, Wiep, Schiaffino, Stefano, Schneider, Claudio, Schneider, Marion E, Schneider-Stock, Regine, Schoenlein, Patricia V, Schorderet, Daniel F, Schüller, Christoph, Schwartz, Gary K, Scorrano, Luca, Sealy, Linda, Seglen, Per O, Segura-Aguilar, Juan, Seiliez, Iban, Seleverstov, Oleksandr, Sell, Christian, Seo, Jong Bok, Separovic, Duska, Setaluri, Vijayasaradhi, Setoguchi, Takao, Settembre, Carmine, Shacka, John J, Shanmugam, Mala, Shapiro, Irving M, Shaulian, Eitan, Shaw, Reuben J, Shelhamer, James H, Shen, Han-Ming, Shen, Wei-Chiang, Sheng, Zu-Hang, Shi, Yang, Shibuya, Kenichi, Shidoji, Yoshihiro, Shieh, Jeng-Jer, Shih, Chwen-Ming, Shimada, Yohta, Shimizu, Shigeomi, Shintani, Takahiro, Shirihai, Orian S, Shore, Gordon C, Sibirny, Andriy A, Sidhu, Stan B, Sikorska, Beata, Silva-Zacarin, Elaine C M, Simmons, Alison, Simon, Anna Katharina, Simon, Hans-Uwe, Simone, Cristiano, Simonsen, Anne, Sinclair, David A, Singh, Rajat, Sinha, Debasish, Sinicrope, Frank A, Sirko, Agnieszka, Siu, Parco M, Sivridis, Efthimios, Skop, Vojtech, Skulachev, Vladimir P, Slack, Ruth S, Smaili, Soraya S, Smith, Duncan R, Soengas, Maria S, Soldati, Thierry, Song, Xueqin, Sood, Anil K, Soong, Tuck Wah, Sotgia, Federica, Spector, Stephen A, Spies, Claudia D, Springer, Wolfdieter, Srinivasula, Srinivasa M, Stefanis, Leonidas, Steffan, Joan S, Stendel, Ruediger, Stenmark, Harald, Stephanou, Anastasis, Stern, Stephan T, Sternberg, Cinthya, Stork, Björn, Strålfors, Peter, Subauste, Carlos S, Sui, Xinbing, Sulzer, David, Sun, Jiaren, Sun, Shi-Yong, Sun, Zhi-Jun, Sung, Joseph J Y, Suzuki, Kuninori, Suzuki, Toshihiko, Swanson, Michele S, Swanton, Charles, Sweeney, Sean T, Sy, Lai-King, Szabadkai, Gyorgy, Tabas, Ira, Taegtmeyer, Heinrich, Tafani, Marco, Takács-Vellai, Krisztina, Takano, Yoshitaka, Takegawa, Kaoru, Takemura, Genzou, Takeshita, Fumihiko, Talbot, Nicholas J, Tan, Kevin S W, Tanaka, Keiji, Tanaka, Kozo, Tang, Daolin, Tang, Dingzhong, Tanida, Isei, Tannous, Bakhos A, Tavernarakis, Nektarios, Taylor, Graham S, Taylor, Gregory A, Taylor, J Paul, Terada, Lance S, Terman, Alexei, Tettamanti, Gianluca, Thevissen, Karin, Thompson, Craig B, Thorburn, Andrew, Thumm, Michael, Tian, Fengfeng, Tian, Yuan, Tocchini-Valentini, Glauco, Tolkovsky, Aviva M, Tomino, Yasuhiko, Tönges, Lars, Tooze, Sharon A, Tournier, Cathy, Tower, John, Towns, Roberto, Trajkovic, Vladimir, Travassos, Leonardo H, Tsai, Ting-Fen, Tschan, Mario P, Tsubata, Takeshi, Tsung, Allan, Turk, Boris, Turner, Lorianne S, Tyagi, Suresh C, Uchiyama, Yasuo, Ueno, Takashi, Umekawa, Midori, Umemiya-Shirafuji, Rika, Unni, Vivek K, Vaccaro, Maria I, Valente, Enza Maria, Van Den Berghe, Greet, Van Der Klei, Ida J, Van Doorn, Wouter, Van Dyk, Linda F, Van Egmond, Marjolein, Van Grunsven, Leo A, Vandenabeele, Peter, Vandenberghe, Wim P, Vanhorebeek, Ilse, Vaquero, Eva C, Velasco, Guillermo, Vellai, Tibor, Vicencio, Jose Miguel, Vierstra, Richard D, Vila, 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Zheng, Xiaoxiang, Zhivotovsky, Boris, Zhong, Qing, Zhou, Cong-Zhao, Zhu, Changlian, Zhu, Wei-Guo, Zhu, Xiao-Feng, Zhu, Xiongwei, Zhu, Yuangang, Zoladek, Teresa, Zong, Wei-Xing, Zorzano, Antonio, Zschocke, Jürgen, and Zuckerbraun, Brian
Abstract: International audience, In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused o

47. Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy.

Author: Molecular and Cellular Biology ; University of Leuven, Laboratoire d'Epigénétique et Cancer ; CNRS - Université Paris XI - Paris Sud, Department of Pharmacology ; Department of Pharmacology, Immunobiologie des Cellules Dendritiques ; INSERM - Institut Pasteur de Paris, Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (FEMTO-ST) ; CNRS - Université de Franche-Comté - Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard - Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques, Telethon Institute for Genetics and Medicine ; Telethon Institute, Medical Genetics ; Federico II University, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics ; Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute ; Texas Children's Hospital, Signalisation et physiopathologie des cellules épithéliales ; INSERM - Université Paris XI - Paris Sud, Dynamique des interactions membranaires normales et pathologiques (DIMNP) ; CNRS - Université Montpellier I - Université Montpellier II - Sciences et techniques, Institut de biochimie et génétique cellulaires (IBGC) ; CNRS - Université Victor Segalen - Bordeaux II, Centre d'études d'agents Pathogènes et Biotechnologies pour la Santé (CPBS) ; CNRS - Université Montpellier I - Université Montpellier II - Sciences et techniques, Celullar and Molecular Medicine ; Celullar and Molecular Medicine, Estrogène, Expression génique et pathologies du Système Nerveux Central (E2SNC) ; Université de Franche-Comté - IFR133, Infection bactérienne, inflammation, et carcinogenèse digestive ; INSERM - IFR50 - Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (UNS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (UNS) ; Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (UNS) - PRES Euro-Méditerranéen, Department of Computer Science [Tsukuba] ; University of Tsukuba, Gunma University ; Institute for Molecular & Cellular Regulation, Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology ; Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Dulbecco Telethon Institute/Department of Biology ; Dulbecco Telethon Institute/Department of Biology, Department of Chemistry and HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory ; University of Hong-Kong, Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique (LaBRI) ; CNRS - Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I - Université Victor Segalen - Bordeaux II - École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB), Learning Sciences Lab ; National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, University of California ; University of California, Physiopathologie du cancer du foie ; INSERM - Université Victor Segalen - Bordeaux II, Emory University School of Medicine ; Emory University School of Medicine, Cytokines et Immunologie des Tumeurs Humaines ; INSERM - Institut Gustave Roussy - Université Paris XI - Paris Sud, Biology ; University of Rome"Tor Vergata", Oxford University ; Oxford University, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences ; University of Strathclyde, Interactions Bactéries-Cellules (UIBC) ; Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRA) - INSERM - Institut Pasteur de Paris, Department of Experimental Medicine and Oncology ; University of Turin, Institut de génomique fonctionnelle (IGF) ; CNRS - INSERM - Université Montpellier I - Université Montpellier II - Sciences et techniques, CNV ; University of Valparaiso, Section of Haemato-oncology ; Institute of cancer research, Régulation de l'expression génétique (REG) ; CNRS - École normale supérieure [ENS] - Paris, Brunel University ; Brunel University, University of New-Mexico ; University of New-Mexico, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas ; Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology ; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dpt. of Cancer & Cell Biology ; University of Cincinnati, Institut Jacques Monod (IJM) ; CNRS - Université Paris VII - Paris Diderot, Virologie humaine ; INSERM - IFR128 - École Normale Supérieure (ENS) - Lyon, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, (IIB-INTECH) ; Universidad Nacional de San Martin, MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology ; MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, University of Brescia ; University of Brescia, Immunité infection vaccination ; INSERM - Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I (UCBL) - IFR128, Dept of City and Regional Planning ; Peiking University, Montreal Neurological Institute ; McGill University, Department of Developmental Biology and Neurosciences ; Tohoku University - Graduate School of Life Sciences, Biologie Cellulaire du Noyau (BCN) ; CNRS - Institut Pasteur de Paris, Faculty of Medicine ; University of Ottawa, Institut de recherche en cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM) ; INSERM - CRLCC Val d'Aurelle - Paul Lamarque - Université Montpellier I, Immunologie et chimie thérapeutiques (ICT) ; CNRS - Cancéropôle du Grand Est, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA) ; Université de Strasbourg, Département Digestif ; CHU Nice - Hôpital de l'Archet, Centre méditérannéen de médecine moléculaire (C3M) ; INSERM - Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (UNS), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology [Tsukuba] (AIST) ; National Institute for Advanced Industrial Science and Technology - AIST (JAPAN), Department of Oncology ; John Radcliffe Hospital, School of Biochemistry and Immunology ; School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center ; University of Texas, Laboratoire de Pathologie Clinique et Expérimentale ; CHU Nice, Department of Biochemistry ; University of Hong Kong, Danish Cancer Society ; Institute of Cancer Biology, Institut de biologie et chimie des protéines [Lyon] (IBCP) ; CNRS - Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I (UCBL), Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology (MHH) ; Hannover medical school, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute ; Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, Cell Biology, section Radiation & Stress Cell Biology ; UMCG, Univ. of Groningen, Department of Molecular Genetics ; Weizmann Institute of Science, Institute of Immunology ; University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Institute for Immunology ; Institute for Immunology, Department of Neuroscience ; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Centre de génétique et de physiologie moléculaire et cellulaire (CGphiMC) ; CNRS - Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I (UCBL), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; INSERM - Université Paris V - Paris Descartes - Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) - Paris VI, Apoptose, cancer et immunité ; INSERM - Institut Gustave Roussy - Université Paris XI - Paris Sud, metabolomics platform ; Institut Gustave Roussy, Pôle de biologie ; Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) - Hôpital européen Georges Pompidou, Université Paris Descartes - Faculté de Médecine (UP5) ; Université Paris V - Paris Descartes - PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Department of Molecular Neuroscience ; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) ; CERN, Center for Visual Information Technology (CVIT) ; International Institute of Information Technology, Massachusetts Institute of technology [Cambridge] (MIT) ; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology ; University of Washington, Centre for Cancer Biology ; Hanson Institute, Adelaide, Jeune Equipe JE 2526 ; Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, Institut de Recherche Agronomique (Unité sous contrat USC-2018) ; Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRA), Facultad de Medicina ; Universidad de Chile, Institut de génétique moléculaire de Montpellier (IGMM) ; CNRS - Université Montpellier II - Sciences et techniques, Signalisation et Réponses aux Agents Infectieux et Chimiques (SeRAIC) ; IFR140 - Université de Rennes 1 - IRSET, Centre de génétique moléculaire (CGM) ; CNRS - Université Paris XI - Paris Sud - Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) - Paris VI, National Cheng Kung University [Taiwan] (NCKU) ; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Microenvironnement et Physiopathologie de la Differenciation ; INSERM - Université Paris XI - Paris Sud, Howard Hughes Medical Institute ; Howard Hugues Medical Institute, Southwestern Medical Center ; University of Texas, School of Information science and engineering ; Lanzhou University, School of computer and information ; Hefei University, National Neuroscience Institute ; National Neuroscience Institute, National University of Singapore (NUS) ; NUS, Institut de Mécanique des Fluides et des Solides (IMFS) ; CNRS - Université de Strasbourg - ENGEES, Institut Armand Frappier (IAF) ; Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur - Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Central China Normal University ; Central China Normal University, Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR) ; Medical College Of Wisconsin - Emory University School of Medicine, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular ; Universidad de Oviedo - Instituto Universitario de Oncología, Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes [Toulouse] (LAAS) ; CNRS - Université Paul Sabatier (UPS) - Toulouse III - Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées [INSA] - Toulouse, Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer ; LNCC, Johns Hopkins University (JHU) ; Johns Hopkins University, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Karl-Franzens University Graz, (IMB) ; Karl-Franzens University Graz, Department of Pediatrics ; Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Department of Experimental Pharmacology ; Università degli Study di Napoli Federico II, Drug Research and Evaluation ; Istituto Superiore di Sanita‘, Albert Einstein College of Medicine (ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE) ; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology ; Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution - Montpellier (ISEM) ; CNRS - Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] - Université Montpellier II - Sciences et techniques, Institut de signalisation, biologie du développement et cancer (ISBDC) ; CNRS - Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (UNS), Departments of Neurology ; Departments of Neurology, Vanderbilt University [Nashville] ; Vanderbilt University of Nashville, Departments of Pharmacology ; Departments of Pharmacology, Department of Cell Biology [New Haven] ; Yale University School of Medicine - Howard Hugues Medical Institute, Anatomic Pathology Section, Department of Human Pathology and Oncology ; University of Siena, Harvard Medical School (HMS) ; Harvard University, Depts of Radiation Oncology and Pathology ; Wayne State University - Karmanos Cancer Institute, USC Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology ; University of Southern California, Department of Biology ; University of Copenhagen, Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics ; University of Athens, Department of Pathology ; Case Western Reserve University, University of Texas at San Antonio ; University of Texas at San Antonio, Institute of Translational Medicine ; Institute of Translational Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry (IBC) ; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich - Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETH), Department of Biology ; University of Rome Tor Vergata, Génétique, physiopathologie et ingénierie du tissu osseux (GéPITOS) ; CNRS - Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (UNS), Innovation Thérapeutique : du Fondamental au Médicament ; CNRS - Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRA) - INSERM - MEDICEN - Université Paris XI - Paris Sud, Hôpital Antoine Béclère ; Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) - Université Paris XI - Paris Sud, Señalización Celular 4 ; Señalización Celular 4, Department of Molecular Biology ; University of Tuebingen, Department of Neurology Columbia University 650 West 168th Street ; Department of Neurology Columbia University 650 West 168th Street, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology Columbia University 650 West 168th Street ; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology Columbia University 650 West 168th Street, Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease Columbia University 650 West 168th Street ; Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease Columbia University 650 West 168th Street, Department of Cell Biology and Morphology ; Université de Lausanne, CC 101 ; Université Montpellier II - Sciences et techniques, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomembranes, University Medical Center Utrecht ; Institute of Biomembranes, University Medical Center Utrecht, Service de dermatologie ; CHU Nice, Vieillissement, stress, inflammation ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) - Paris VI, University of Cambridge (UK) (CAM) ; University of Cambridge (UK), The Department of Chemical and Environmental Sciences ; University of Limerick, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori ; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Neurogenetics laboratory ; Neurogenetics laboratory, Department of Pathology ; Otto-von-Guericke University, Experimental Tumor Pathology ; University of Erlangen, Unit of Oculogenomics ; Institute for Research in Ophthalmology", Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ; University of Lausanne, Eye Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Jules-Gonin , ; Eye Hospital", Division of regenerative Medicine ; San Raffaele Scientific Institute, ICBM ; Faculty of Medicine - University of Chile, Department of pathology ; Harvard Medical School, Department of Endocrine and Oncology Surgery ; Royal North Shore Hospital, Department of Surgery, Bankstown Hospital and South Western Sydney Clinical School ; University of New South Wales, Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit ; John Radcliffe Hospital - Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences ; University of Bern, Université de Genève ; Université de Genève, Kimmel Cancer Center, and the Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Center ; Thomas Jefferson University, Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disease Unit ; University of Genoa and G. Gaslini Pediatric Institute, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine ; Division of Cell Biology; and Linköping Diabetes Research Centre, Cancer Institute ; University College London, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics ; University of California, San Francisco, Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine and Interdisciplinary Center for Study of inflammation and ER-GenTech ; University of Ferrara, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology - Department of Microbiology ; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Center of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG) ; Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Abramson Cancer Institute and Department of Cancer Biology ; University of Pennsylvania, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes ; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Immunité Innée et Signalisation ; Institut Pasteur de Paris, Istituto CSS Mendel ; Istituto CSS Mendel, Department of Medical and Surgical Pediatrics ; University Hospital, Messina, Department of Intensive care Medicine ; Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Department of Cell Biology ; Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department for Molecular Biomedical Research ; Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, Department of Pediatrics ; University of Padova, Department of Chemistry ; Peking University, Department of Mathematics ; Shanghai University, Sch Mat Sci & Engn ; Aucune, Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire (IRI) ; CNRS - Université Lille II - Droit et santé - Université Lille I - Sciences et technologies, Institut d'électronique, de microélectronique et de nanotechnologie (IEMN) ; CNRS - Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du nunérique (ISEN) - Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis - Université Lille I - Sciences et technologies, Nankai University ; Nankai University, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes ; University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology ; Duke University, Modélisation, Information & Systèmes (MIS) ; Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine ; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Institute of Modern Physics ; Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province ; ganzu Province, Institute of Computing Technology [Biejing] (ICT) ; Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) ; ESRF, Plant Physiology Laboratory ; Chinese Academy of Sciences - Botanical Institute of South china, Division of Biopharmaceutics ; Leiden University, The Institute of Environmental Medicine [Stockholm] (IMM) ; Karolinska Institutet, Institut de biochimie et biophysique moléculaire et cellulaire (IBBMC) ; CNRS - Université Paris XI - Paris Sud, Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation ; University of Gothenburg - Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, department of genetics - Institute of biochemistry and biophysics ; institute of biochemistry an biophysics - polish academic of sciences, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular ; Universitat de Barcelona - Facultat de Biologia - Institute for Research in Biomedicine - CIBERDEM, Chaperones Research Group ; Chaperones Research Group, Klionsky, Daniel J, Abdalla, Fabio C, Abeliovich, Hagai, Abraham, Robert T, Acevedo-Arozena, Abraham, Adeli, Khosrow, Agholme, Lotta, Agnello, Maria, Agostinis, Patrizia, Aguirre-Ghiso, Julio A, Ahn, Hyung Jun, Ait-Mohamed, Ouardia, Ait-Si-Ali, Slimane, Akematsu, Takahiko, Akira, Shizuo, Al-Younes, Hesham M, Al-Zeer, Munir A, Albert, Matthew L, Albin, Roger L, Alegre-Abarrategui, Javier, Aleo, Maria Francesca, Alirezaei, Mehrdad, Almasan, Alexandru, Almonte-Becerril, Maylin, Amano, Atsuo, Amaravadi, Ravi, Amarnath, Shoba, Amer, Amal O, Andrieu-Abadie, Nathalie, Anantharam, Vellareddy, Ann, David K, Anoopkumar-Dukie, Shailendra, Aoki, Hiroshi, Apostolova, Nadezda, Auberger, Patrick, Baba, Misuzu, Backues, Steven K, Baehrecke, Eric H, Bahr, Ben A, Bai, Xue-Yuan, Bailly, Yannick, Baiocchi, Robert, Baldini, Giulia, Balduini, Walter, Ballabio, Andrea, Bamber, Bruce A, Bampton, Edward T W, Bánhegyi, Gábor, Bartholomew, Clinton R, Bassham, Diane C, Bast, Robert C, Batoko, Henri, Bay, Boon-Huat, Beau, Isabelle, Béchet, Daniel M, Begley, Thomas J, Behl, Christian, Behrends, Christian, Bekri, Soumeya, Bellaire, Bryan, Bendall, Linda J, Benetti, Luca, Berliocchi, Laura, Bernardi, Henri, Bernassola, Francesca, Besteiro, Sébastien, Bhatia-Kissova, Ingrid, Bi, Xiaoning, Biard-Piechaczyk, Martine, Blum, Janice S, Boise, Lawrence H, Bonaldo, Paolo, Boone, David L, Bornhauser, Beat C, Bortoluci, Karina R, Bossis, Ioannis, Bost, Frédéric, Bourquin, Jean-Pierre, Boya, Patricia, Boyer-Guittaut, Michaël, Bozhkov, Peter V, Brady, Nathan R, Brancolini, Claudio, Brech, Andreas, Brenman, Jay E, Brennand, Ana, Bresnick, Emery H, Brest, Patrick, Bridges, Dave, Bristol, Molly L, Brookes, Paul S, Brown, Eric J, Brumell, John H, Brunetti-Pierri, Nicola, Brunk, Ulf T, Bulman, Dennis E, Bultman, Scott J, Bultynck, Geert, Burbulla, Lena F, Bursch, Wilfried, Butchar, Jonathan P, Buzgariu, Wanda, Bydlowski, Sergio P, Cadwell, Ken, Cahová, Monika, Cai, Dongsheng, Cai, Jiyang, Cai, Qian, Calabretta, Bruno, Calvo-Garrido, Javier, Camougrand, Nadine, Campanella, Michelangelo, Campos-Salinas, Jenny, Candi, Eleonora, Cao, Lizhi, Caplan, Allan B, Carding, Simon R, Cardoso, Sandra M, Carew, Jennifer S, Carlin, Cathleen R, Carmignac, Virginie, Carneiro, Leticia A M, Carra, Serena, Caruso, Rosario A, Casari, Giorgio, Casas, Caty, Castino, Roberta, Cebollero, Eduardo, Cecconi, Francesco, Celli, Jean, Chaachouay, Hassan, Chae, Han-Jung, Chai, Chee-Yin, Chan, David C, Chan, Edmond Y, Chang, Raymond Chuen-Chung, Che, Chi-Ming, Chen, Ching-Chow, Chen, Guang-Chao, Chen, Guo-Qiang, Chen, Min, Chen, Quan, Chen, Steve S-L, Chen, Wenli, Chen, Xi, Chen, Xiangmei, Chen, Xiequn, Chen, Ye-Guang, Chen, Yingyu, Chen, Yongqiang, Chen, Yu-Jen, Chen, Zhixiang, Cheng, Alan, Cheng, Christopher H K, Cheng, Yan, Cheong, Heesun, Cheong, Jae-Ho, Cherry, Sara, Chess-Williams, Russ, Cheung, Zelda H, Chevet, Eric, Chiang, Hui-Ling, Chiarelli, Roberto, Chiba, Tomoki, Chin, Lih-Shen, Chiou, Shih-Hwa, Chisari, Francis V, Cho, Chi Hin, Cho, Dong-Hyung, Choi, Augustine M K, Choi, Dooseok, Choi, Kyeong Sook, Choi, Mary E, Chouaib, Salem, Choubey, Divaker, Choubey, Vinay, Chu, Charleen T, Chuang, Tsung-Hsien, Chueh, Sheau-Huei, Chun, Taehoon, Chwae, Yong-Joon, Chye, Mee-Len, Ciarcia, Roberto, Ciriolo, Maria R, Clague, Michael J, Clark, Robert S B, Clarke, Peter G H, Clarke, Robert, Codogno, Patrice, Coller, Hilary A, Colombo, María I, Comincini, Sergio, Condello, Maria, Condorelli, Fabrizio, Cookson, Mark R, Coombs, Graham H, Coppens, Isabelle, Corbalan, Ramon, Cossart, Pascale, Costelli, Paola, Costes, Safia, Coto-Montes, Ana, Couve, Eduardo, Coxon, Fraser P, Cregg, James M, Crespo, José L, Cronjé, Marianne J, Cuervo, Ana Maria, Cullen, Joseph J, Czaja, Mark J, D'Amelio, Marcello, Darfeuille-Michaud, Arlette, Davids, Lester M, Davies, Faith E, De Felici, Massimo, De Groot, John F, De Haan, Cornelis A M, De Martino, Luisa, De Milito, Angelo, De Tata, Vincenzo, Debnath, Jayanta, Degterev, Alexei, Dehay, Benjamin, Delbridge, Lea M D, Demarchi, Francesca, Deng, Yi Zhen, Dengjel, Jörn, Dent, Paul, Denton, Donna, Deretic, Vojo, Desai, Shyamal D, Devenish, Rodney J, Di Gioacchino, Mario, Di Paolo, Gilbert, Di Pietro, Chiara, Díaz-Araya, Guillermo, Díaz-Laviada, Inés, Diaz-Meco, Maria T, Diaz-Nido, Javier, Dikic, Ivan, Dinesh-Kumar, Savithramma P, Ding, Wen-Xing, Distelhorst, Clark W, Diwan, Abhinav, Djavaheri-Mergny, Mojgan, Dokudovskaya, Svetlana, Dong, Zheng, Dorsey, Frank C, Dosenko, Victor, Dowling, James J, Doxsey, Stephen, Dreux, Marlène, Drew, Mark E, Duan, Qiuhong, Duchosal, Michel A, Duff, Karen, Dugail, Isabelle, Durbeej, Madeleine, Duszenko, Michael, Edelstein, Charles L, Edinger, Aimee L, Egea, Gustavo, Eichinger, Ludwig, Eissa, N Tony, Ekmekcioglu, Suhendan, El-Deiry, Wafik S, Elazar, Zvulun, Elgendy, Mohamed, Ellerby, Lisa M, Eng, Kai Er, Engelbrecht, Anna-Mart, Engelender, Simone, Erenpreisa, Jekaterina, Escalante, Ricardo, Esclatine, Audrey, Eskelinen, Eeva-Liisa, Espert, Lucile, Espina, Virginia, Fan, Huizhou, Fan, Jia, Fan, Qi-Wen, Fan, Zhen, Fang, Shengyun, Fang, Yongqi, Fanto, Manolis, Fanzani, Alessandro, Farkas, Thomas, Farré, Jean-Claude, Faure, Mathias, Fechheimer, Marcus, Feng, Carl G, Feng, Jian, Feng, Qili, Feng, Youji, Fésüs, László, Feuer, Ralph, Figueiredo-Pereira, Maria E, Fimia, Gian Maria, Fingar, Diane C, Finkbeiner, Steven, Finkel, Toren, Finley, Kim D, Fiorito, Filomena, Fisher, Edward A, Fisher, Paul B, Flajolet, Marc, Florez-Mcclure, Maria L, Florio, Salvatore, Fon, Edward A, Fornai, Francesco, Fortunato, Franco, Fotedar, Rati, Fowler, Daniel H, Fox, Howard S, Franco, Rodrigo, Frankel, Lisa B, Fransen, Marc, Fuentes, José M, Fueyo, Juan, Fujii, Jun, Fujisaki, Kozo, Fujita, Eriko, Fukuda, Mitsunori, Furukawa, Ruth H, Gaestel, Matthias, Gailly, Philippe, Gajewska, Malgorzata, Galliot, Brigitte, Galy, Vincent, Ganesh, Subramaniam, Ganetzky, Barry, Ganley, Ian G, Gao, Fen-Biao, Gao, George F, Gao, Jinming, Garcia, Lorena, Garcia-Manero, Guillermo, Garcia-Marcos, Mikel, Garmyn, Marjan, Gartel, Andrei L, Gatti, Evelina, Gautel, Mathias, Gawriluk, Thomas R, Gegg, Matthew E, Geng, Jiefei, Germain, Marc, Gestwicki, Jason E, Gewirtz, David A, Ghavami, Saeid, Ghosh, Pradipta, Giammarioli, Anna M, Giatromanolaki, Alexandra N, Gibson, Spencer B, Gilkerson, Robert W, Ginger, Michael L, Goncu, Ebru, Gongora, Céline, Gonzalez, Claudio D, Gonzalez, Ramon, González-Estévez, Cristina, González-Polo, Rosa Ana, Gonzalez-Rey, Elena, Gorbunov, Nikolai V, Gorski, Sharon, Goruppi, Sandro, Gottlieb, Roberta A, Gozuacik, Devrim, Granato, Giovanna Elvira, Grant, Gary D, Green, Kim N, Gregorc, Aleš, Gros, Frédéric, Grose, Charles, Grunt, Thomas W, Gual, Philippe, Guan, Jun-Lin, Guan, Kun-Liang, Guichard, Sylvie M, Gukovskaya, Anna S, Gukovsky, Ilya, Gunst, Jan, Gustafsson, Asa B, Halayko, Andrew J, Hale, Amber N, Halonen, Sandra K, Hamasaki, Maho, Han, Feng, Han, Ting, Hancock, Michael K, Hansen, Malene, Harada, Hisashi, Harada, Masaru, Hardt, Stefan E, Harper, J Wade, Harris, Adrian L, Harris, James, Harris, Steven D, Hébert, Marie-Joseé, Heidenreich, Kim A, Helfrich, Miep H, Helgason, Gudmundur V, Henske, Elizabeth P, Herman, Brian, Herman, Paul K, Hetz, Claudio, Hilfiker, Sabine, Hill, Joseph A, Hocking, Lynne J, Hofman, Paul, Hofmann, Thomas G, Höhfeld, Jörg, Holyoake, Tessa L, Hong, Ming-Huang, Hood, David A, Hotamisligil, Gökhan S, Houwerzijl, Ewout J, Høyer-Hansen, Maria, Hu, Bingren, Hu, Chien-An A, Hu, Hong-Ming, Hua, Ya, Huang, Canhua, Huang, Ju, Huang, Shengbing, Huang, Wei-Pang, Huber, Tobias B, Huh, Won-Ki, Hung, Tai-Ho, Hupp, Ted R, Hur, Gang Min, Hurley, James B, Hussain, Sabah N A, Hussey, Patrick J, Hwang, Jung Jin, Hwang, Seungmin, Ichihara, Atsuhiro, Ilkhanizadeh, Shirin, Inoki, Ken, Into, Takeshi, Iovane, Valentina, Iovanna, Juan L, Ip, Nancy Y, Isaka, Yoshitaka, Ishida, Hiroyuki, Isidoro, Ciro, Isobe, Ken-Ichi, Iwasaki, Akiko, Izquierdo, Marta, Izumi, Yotaro, Jaakkola, Panu M, Jäättelä, Marja, Jackson, George R, Jackson, William T, Janji, Bassam, Jendrach, Marina, Jeon, Ju-Hong, Jeung, Eui-Bae, Jiang, Hong, Jiang, Hongchi, Jiang, Jean X, Jiang, Ming, Jiang, Qing, Jiang, Xuejun, Jiménez, Alberto, Jin, Meiyan, Jin, Shengkan, Joe, Cheol O, Johansen, Terje, Johnson, Daniel E, Johnson, Gail V W, Jones, Nicola L, Joseph, Bertrand, Joseph, Suresh K, Joubert, Annie M, Juhász, Gábor, Juillerat-Jeanneret, Lucienne, Jung, Chang Hwa, Jung, Yong-Keun, Kaarniranta, Kai, Kaasik, Allen, Kabuta, Tomohiro, Kadowaki, Motoni, Kagedal, Katarina, Kamada, Yoshiaki, Kaminskyy, Vitaliy O, Kampinga, Harm H, Kanamori, Hiromitsu, Kang, Chanhee, Kang, Khong Bee, Kang, Kwang Il, Kang, Rui, Kang, Yoon-A, Kanki, Tomotake, Kanneganti, Thirumala-Devi, Kanno, Haruo, Kanthasamy, Anumantha G, Kanthasamy, Arthi, Karantza, Vassiliki, Kaushal, Gur P, Kaushik, Susmita, Kawazoe, Yoshinori, Ke, Po-Yuan, Kehrl, John H, Kelekar, Ameeta, Kerkhoff, Claus, Kessel, David H, Khalil, Hany, Kiel, Jan A K W, Kiger, Amy A, Kihara, Akio, Kim, Deok Ryong, Kim, Do-Hyung, Kim, Dong-Hou, Kim, Eun-Kyoung, Kim, Hyung-Ryong, Kim, Jae-Sung, Kim, Jeong Hun, Kim, Jin Cheon, Kim, John K, Kim, Peter K, Kim, Seong Who, Kim, Yong-Sun, Kim, Yonghyun, Kimchi, Adi, Kimmelman, Alec C, King, Jason S, Kinsella, Timothy J, Kirkin, Vladimir, Kirshenbaum, Lorrie A, Kitamoto, Katsuhiko, Kitazato, Kaio, Klein, Ludger, Klimecki, Walter T, Klucken, Jochen, Knecht, Erwin, Ko, Ben C B, Koch, Jan C, Koga, Hiroshi, Koh, Jae-Young, Koh, Young Ho, Koike, Masato, Komatsu, Masaaki, Kominami, Eiki, Kong, Hee Jeong, Kong, Wei-Jia, Korolchuk, Viktor I, Kotake, Yaichiro, Koukourakis, Michael I, Kouri Flores, Juan B, Kovács, Attila L, Kraft, Claudine, Krainc, Dimitri, Krämer, Helmut, Kretz-Remy, Carole, Krichevsky, Anna M, Kroemer, Guido, Krüger, Rejko, Krut, Oleg, Ktistakis, Nicholas T, Kuan, Chia-Yi, Kucharczyk, Roza, Kumar, Ashok, Kumar, Raj, Kumar, Sharad, Kundu, Mondira, Kung, Hsing-Jien, Kurz, Tino, Kwon, Ho Jeong, La Spada, Albert R, Lafont, Frank, Lamark, Trond, Landry, Jacques, Lane, Jon D, Lapaquette, Pierre, Laporte, Jocelyn F, László, Lajos, Lavandero, Sergio, Lavoie, Josée N, Layfield, Robert, Lazo, Pedro A, Le, Weidong, Le Cam, Laurent, Ledbetter, Daniel J, Lee, Alvin J X, Lee, Byung-Wan, Lee, Gyun Min, Lee, Jongdae, Lee, Ju-Hyun, Lee, Michael, Lee, Myung-Shik, Lee, Sug Hyung, Leeuwenburgh, Christiaan, Legembre, Patrick, Legouis, Renaud, Lehmann, Michael, Lei, Huan-Yao, Lei, Qun-Ying, Leib, David A, Leiro, José, Lemasters, John J, Lemoine, Antoinette, Lesniak, Maciej S, Lev, Dina, Levenson, Victor V, Levine, Beth, Levy, Efrat, Li, Faqiang, Li, Jun-Lin, Li, Lian, Li, Sheng, Li, Weijie, Li, Xue-Jun, Li, Yan-Bo, Li, Yi-Ping, Liang, Chengyu, Liang, Qiangrong, Liao, Yung-Feng, Liberski, Pawel P, Lieberman, Andrew, Lim, Hyunjung J, Lim, Kah-Leong, Lim, Kyu, Lin, Chiou-Feng, Lin, Fu-Cheng, Lin, Jian, Lin, Jiandie D, Lin, Kui, Lin, Wan-Wan, Lin, Weei-Chin, Lin, Yi-Ling, Linden, Rafael, Lingor, Paul, Lippincott-Schwartz, Jennifer, Lisanti, Michael P, Liton, Paloma B, Liu, Bo, Liu, Chun-Feng, Liu, Kaiyu, Liu, Leyuan, Liu, Qiong A, Liu, Wei, Liu, Young-Chau, Liu, Yule, Lockshin, Richard A, Lok, Chun-Nam, Lonial, Sagar, Loos, Benjamin, Lopez-Berestein, Gabriel, López-Otín, Carlos, Lossi, Laura, Lotze, Michael T, Lőw, Peter, Lu, Binfeng, Lu, Bingwei, Lu, Bo, Lu, Zhen, Luciano, Frédéric, Lukacs, Nicholas W, Lund, Anders H, Lynch-Day, Melinda A, Ma, Yong, Macian, Fernando, Mackeigan, Jeff P, Macleod, Kay F, Madeo, Frank, Maiuri, Luigi, Maiuri, Maria Chiara, Malagoli, Davide, Malicdan, May Christine V, Malorni, Walter, Man, Na, Mandelkow, Eva-Maria, Manon, Stéphen, Manov, Irena, Mao, Kai, Mao, Xiang, Mao, Zixu, Marambaud, Philippe, Marazziti, Daniela, Marcel, Yves L, Marchbank, Katie, Marchetti, Piero, Marciniak, Stefan J, Marcondes, Mateus, Mardi, Mohsen, Marfe, Gabriella, Mariño, Guillermo, Markaki, Maria, Marten, Mark R, Martin, Seamus J, Martinand-Mari, Camille, Martinet, Wim, Martinez-Vicente, Marta, Masini, Matilde, Matarrese, Paola, Matsuo, Saburo, Matteoni, Raffaele, Mayer, Andreas, Mazure, Nathalie M, Mcconkey, David J, Mcconnell, Melanie J, Mcdermott, Catherine, Mcdonald, Christine, Mcinerney, Gerald M, Mckenna, Sharon L, Mclaughlin, Bethann, Mclean, Pamela J, Mcmaster, Christopher R, Mcquibban, G Angus, Meijer, Alfred J, Meisler, Miriam H, Meléndez, Alicia, Melia, Thomas J, Melino, Gerry, Mena, Maria A, Menendez, Javier A, Menna-Barreto, Rubem F S, Menon, Manoj B, Menzies, Fiona M, Mercer, Carol A, Merighi, Adalberto, Merry, Diane E, Meschini, Stefania, Meyer, Christian G, Meyer, Thomas F, Miao, Chao-Yu, Miao, Jun-Ying, Michels, Paul A M, Michiels, Carine, Mijaljica, Dalibor, Milojkovic, Ana, Minucci, Saverio, Miracco, Clelia, Miranti, Cindy K, Mitroulis, Ioannis, Miyazawa, Keisuke, Mizushima, Noboru, Mograbi, Baharia, Mohseni, Simin, Molero, Xavier, Mollereau, Bertrand, Mollinedo, Faustino, Momoi, Takashi, Monastyrska, Iryna, Monick, Martha M, Monteiro, Mervyn J, Moore, Michael N, Mora, Rodrigo, Moreau, Kevin, Moreira, Paula I, Moriyasu, Yuji, Moscat, Jorge, Mostowy, Serge, Mottram, Jeremy C, Motyl, Tomasz, Moussa, Charbel E-H, Müller, Sylke, Muller, Sylviane, Münger, Karl, Münz, Christian, Murphy, Leon O, Murphy, Maureen E, Musarò, Antonio, Mysorekar, Indira, Nagata, Eiichiro, Nagata, Kazuhiro, Nahimana, Aimable, Nair, Usha, Nakagawa, Toshiyuki, Nakahira, Kiichi, Nakano, Hiroyasu, Nakatogawa, Hitoshi, Nanjundan, Meera, Naqvi, Naweed I, Narendra, Derek P, Narita, Masashi, Navarro, Miguel, Nawrocki, Steffan T, Nazarko, Taras Y, Nemchenko, Andriy, Netea, Mihai G, Neufeld, Thomas P, Ney, Paul A, Nezis, Ioannis P, Nguyen, Huu Phuc, Nie, Daotai, Nishino, Ichizo, Nislow, Corey, Nixon, Ralph A, Noda, Takeshi, Noegel, Angelika A, Nogalska, Anna, Noguchi, Satoru, Notterpek, Lucia, Novak, Ivana, Nozaki, Tomoyoshi, Nukina, Nobuyuki, Nürnberger, Thorsten, Nyfeler, Beat, Obara, Keisuke, Oberley, Terry D, Oddo, Salvatore, Ogawa, Michinaga, Ohashi, Toya, Okamoto, Koji, Oleinick, Nancy L, Oliver, F Javier, Olsen, Laura J, Olsson, Stefan, Opota, Onya, Osborne, Timothy F, Ostrander, Gary K, Otsu, Kinya, Ou, Jing-Hsiung James, Ouimet, Mireille, Overholtzer, Michael, Ozpolat, Bulent, Paganetti, Paolo, Pagnini, Ugo, Pallet, Nicolas, Palmer, Glen E, Palumbo, Camilla, Pan, Tianhong, Panaretakis, Theocharis, Pandey, Udai Bhan, Papackova, Zuzana, Papassideri, Issidora, Paris, Irmgard, Park, Junsoo, Park, Ohkmae K, Parys, Jan B, Parzych, Katherine R, Patschan, Susann, Patterson, Cam, Pattingre, Sophie, Pawelek, John M, Peng, Jianxin, Perlmutter, David H, Perrotta, Ida, Perry, George, Pervaiz, Shazib, Peter, Matthias, Peters, Godefridus J, Petersen, Morten, Petrovski, Goran, Phang, James M, Piacentini, Mauro, Pierre, Philippe, Pierrefite-Carle, Valérie, Pierron, Gérard, Pinkas-Kramarski, Ronit, Piras, Antonio, Piri, Natik, Platanias, Leonidas C, Pöggeler, Stefanie, Poirot, Marc, Poletti, Angelo, Poüs, Christian, Pozuelo-Rubio, Mercedes, Prætorius-Ibba, Mette, Prasad, Anil, Prescott, Mark, Priault, Muriel, Produit-Zengaffinen, Nathalie, Progulske-Fox, Ann, Proikas-Cezanne, Tassula, Przedborski, Serge, Przyklenk, Karin, Puertollano, Rosa, Puyal, Julien, Qian, Shu-Bing, Qin, Liang, Qin, Zheng-Hong, Quaggin, Susan E, Raben, Nina, Rabinowich, Hannah, Rabkin, Simon W, Rahman, Irfan, Rami, Abdelhaq, Ramm, Georg, Randall, Glenn, Randow, Felix, Rao, V Ashutosh, Rathmell, Jeffrey C, Ravikumar, Brinda, Ray, Swapan K, Reed, Bruce H, Reed, John C, Reggiori, Fulvio, Régnier-Vigouroux, Anne, Reichert, Andreas S, Reiners, John J, Reiter, Russel J, Ren, Jun, Revuelta, José L, Rhodes, 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Modélisation, Information & Systèmes (MIS) ; Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine ; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Institute of Modern Physics ; Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province ; ganzu Province, Institute of Computing Technology [Biejing] (ICT) ; Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) ; ESRF, Plant Physiology Laboratory ; Chinese Academy of Sciences - Botanical Institute of South china, Division of Biopharmaceutics ; Leiden University, The Institute of Environmental Medicine [Stockholm] (IMM) ; Karolinska Institutet, Institut de biochimie et biophysique moléculaire et cellulaire (IBBMC) ; CNRS - Université Paris XI - Paris Sud, Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation ; University of Gothenburg - Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, department of genetics - Institute of biochemistry and biophysics ; institute of biochemistry an biophysics - polish academic of sciences, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular ; Universitat de Barcelona - Facultat de Biologia - Institute for Research in Biomedicine - CIBERDEM, Chaperones Research Group ; Chaperones Research Group, Klionsky, Daniel J, Abdalla, Fabio C, Abeliovich, Hagai, Abraham, Robert T, Acevedo-Arozena, Abraham, Adeli, Khosrow, Agholme, Lotta, Agnello, Maria, Agostinis, Patrizia, Aguirre-Ghiso, Julio A, Ahn, Hyung Jun, Ait-Mohamed, Ouardia, Ait-Si-Ali, Slimane, Akematsu, Takahiko, Akira, Shizuo, Al-Younes, Hesham M, Al-Zeer, Munir A, Albert, Matthew L, Albin, Roger L, Alegre-Abarrategui, Javier, Aleo, Maria Francesca, Alirezaei, Mehrdad, Almasan, Alexandru, Almonte-Becerril, Maylin, Amano, Atsuo, Amaravadi, Ravi, Amarnath, Shoba, Amer, Amal O, Andrieu-Abadie, Nathalie, Anantharam, Vellareddy, Ann, David K, Anoopkumar-Dukie, Shailendra, Aoki, Hiroshi, Apostolova, Nadezda, Auberger, Patrick, Baba, Misuzu, Backues, Steven K, Baehrecke, Eric H, Bahr, Ben A, Bai, Xue-Yuan, Bailly, Yannick, Baiocchi, Robert, Baldini, Giulia, Balduini, Walter, Ballabio, Andrea, Bamber, Bruce A, Bampton, Edward T W, Bánhegyi, Gábor, Bartholomew, Clinton R, Bassham, Diane C, Bast, Robert C, Batoko, Henri, Bay, Boon-Huat, Beau, Isabelle, Béchet, Daniel M, Begley, Thomas J, Behl, Christian, Behrends, Christian, Bekri, Soumeya, Bellaire, Bryan, Bendall, Linda J, Benetti, Luca, Berliocchi, Laura, Bernardi, Henri, Bernassola, Francesca, Besteiro, Sébastien, Bhatia-Kissova, Ingrid, Bi, Xiaoning, Biard-Piechaczyk, Martine, Blum, Janice S, Boise, Lawrence H, Bonaldo, Paolo, Boone, David L, Bornhauser, Beat C, Bortoluci, Karina R, Bossis, Ioannis, Bost, Frédéric, Bourquin, Jean-Pierre, Boya, Patricia, Boyer-Guittaut, Michaël, Bozhkov, Peter V, Brady, Nathan R, Brancolini, Claudio, Brech, Andreas, Brenman, Jay E, Brennand, Ana, Bresnick, Emery H, Brest, Patrick, Bridges, Dave, Bristol, Molly L, Brookes, Paul S, Brown, Eric J, Brumell, John H, Brunetti-Pierri, Nicola, Brunk, Ulf T, Bulman, Dennis E, Bultman, Scott J, Bultynck, Geert, Burbulla, Lena F, Bursch, Wilfried, Butchar, Jonathan P, Buzgariu, Wanda, Bydlowski, Sergio P, Cadwell, Ken, Cahová, Monika, Cai, Dongsheng, Cai, Jiyang, Cai, Qian, Calabretta, Bruno, Calvo-Garrido, Javier, Camougrand, Nadine, Campanella, Michelangelo, Campos-Salinas, Jenny, Candi, Eleonora, Cao, Lizhi, Caplan, Allan B, Carding, Simon R, Cardoso, Sandra M, Carew, Jennifer S, Carlin, Cathleen R, Carmignac, Virginie, Carneiro, Leticia A M, Carra, Serena, Caruso, Rosario A, Casari, Giorgio, Casas, Caty, Castino, Roberta, Cebollero, Eduardo, Cecconi, Francesco, Celli, Jean, Chaachouay, Hassan, Chae, Han-Jung, Chai, Chee-Yin, Chan, David C, Chan, Edmond Y, Chang, Raymond Chuen-Chung, Che, Chi-Ming, Chen, Ching-Chow, Chen, Guang-Chao, Chen, Guo-Qiang, Chen, Min, Chen, Quan, Chen, Steve S-L, Chen, Wenli, Chen, Xi, Chen, Xiangmei, Chen, Xiequn, Chen, Ye-Guang, Chen, Yingyu, Chen, Yongqiang, Chen, Yu-Jen, Chen, Zhixiang, Cheng, Alan, Cheng, Christopher H K, Cheng, Yan, Cheong, Heesun, Cheong, Jae-Ho, Cherry, Sara, Chess-Williams, Russ, Cheung, Zelda H, Chevet, Eric, Chiang, Hui-Ling, Chiarelli, Roberto, Chiba, Tomoki, Chin, Lih-Shen, Chiou, Shih-Hwa, Chisari, Francis V, Cho, Chi Hin, Cho, Dong-Hyung, Choi, Augustine M K, Choi, Dooseok, Choi, Kyeong Sook, Choi, Mary E, Chouaib, Salem, Choubey, Divaker, Choubey, Vinay, Chu, Charleen T, Chuang, Tsung-Hsien, Chueh, Sheau-Huei, Chun, Taehoon, Chwae, Yong-Joon, Chye, Mee-Len, Ciarcia, Roberto, Ciriolo, Maria R, Clague, Michael J, Clark, Robert S B, Clarke, Peter G H, Clarke, Robert, Codogno, Patrice, Coller, Hilary A, Colombo, María I, Comincini, Sergio, Condello, Maria, Condorelli, Fabrizio, Cookson, Mark R, Coombs, Graham H, Coppens, Isabelle, Corbalan, Ramon, Cossart, Pascale, Costelli, Paola, Costes, Safia, Coto-Montes, Ana, Couve, Eduardo, Coxon, Fraser P, Cregg, James M, Crespo, José L, Cronjé, Marianne J, Cuervo, Ana Maria, Cullen, Joseph J, Czaja, Mark J, D'Amelio, Marcello, Darfeuille-Michaud, Arlette, Davids, Lester M, Davies, Faith E, De Felici, Massimo, De Groot, John F, De Haan, Cornelis A M, De Martino, Luisa, De Milito, Angelo, De Tata, Vincenzo, Debnath, Jayanta, Degterev, Alexei, Dehay, Benjamin, Delbridge, Lea M D, Demarchi, Francesca, Deng, Yi Zhen, Dengjel, Jörn, Dent, Paul, Denton, Donna, Deretic, Vojo, Desai, Shyamal D, Devenish, Rodney J, Di Gioacchino, Mario, Di Paolo, Gilbert, Di Pietro, Chiara, Díaz-Araya, Guillermo, Díaz-Laviada, Inés, Diaz-Meco, Maria T, Diaz-Nido, Javier, Dikic, Ivan, Dinesh-Kumar, Savithramma P, Ding, Wen-Xing, Distelhorst, Clark W, Diwan, Abhinav, Djavaheri-Mergny, Mojgan, Dokudovskaya, Svetlana, Dong, Zheng, Dorsey, Frank C, Dosenko, Victor, Dowling, James J, Doxsey, Stephen, Dreux, Marlène, Drew, Mark E, Duan, Qiuhong, Duchosal, Michel A, Duff, Karen, Dugail, Isabelle, Durbeej, Madeleine, Duszenko, Michael, Edelstein, Charles L, Edinger, Aimee L, Egea, Gustavo, Eichinger, Ludwig, Eissa, N Tony, Ekmekcioglu, Suhendan, El-Deiry, Wafik S, Elazar, Zvulun, Elgendy, Mohamed, Ellerby, Lisa M, Eng, Kai Er, Engelbrecht, Anna-Mart, Engelender, Simone, Erenpreisa, Jekaterina, Escalante, Ricardo, Esclatine, Audrey, Eskelinen, Eeva-Liisa, Espert, Lucile, Espina, Virginia, Fan, Huizhou, Fan, Jia, Fan, Qi-Wen, Fan, Zhen, Fang, Shengyun, Fang, Yongqi, Fanto, Manolis, Fanzani, Alessandro, Farkas, Thomas, Farré, Jean-Claude, Faure, Mathias, Fechheimer, Marcus, Feng, Carl G, Feng, Jian, Feng, Qili, Feng, Youji, Fésüs, László, Feuer, Ralph, Figueiredo-Pereira, Maria E, Fimia, Gian Maria, Fingar, Diane C, Finkbeiner, Steven, Finkel, Toren, Finley, Kim D, Fiorito, Filomena, Fisher, Edward A, Fisher, Paul B, Flajolet, Marc, Florez-Mcclure, Maria L, Florio, Salvatore, Fon, Edward A, Fornai, Francesco, Fortunato, Franco, Fotedar, Rati, Fowler, Daniel H, Fox, Howard S, Franco, Rodrigo, Frankel, Lisa B, Fransen, Marc, Fuentes, José M, Fueyo, Juan, Fujii, Jun, Fujisaki, Kozo, Fujita, Eriko, Fukuda, Mitsunori, Furukawa, Ruth H, Gaestel, Matthias, Gailly, Philippe, Gajewska, Malgorzata, Galliot, Brigitte, Galy, Vincent, Ganesh, Subramaniam, Ganetzky, Barry, Ganley, Ian G, Gao, Fen-Biao, Gao, George F, Gao, Jinming, Garcia, Lorena, Garcia-Manero, Guillermo, Garcia-Marcos, Mikel, Garmyn, Marjan, Gartel, Andrei L, Gatti, Evelina, Gautel, Mathias, Gawriluk, Thomas R, Gegg, Matthew E, Geng, Jiefei, Germain, Marc, Gestwicki, Jason E, Gewirtz, David A, Ghavami, Saeid, Ghosh, Pradipta, Giammarioli, Anna M, Giatromanolaki, Alexandra N, Gibson, Spencer B, Gilkerson, Robert W, Ginger, Michael L, Goncu, Ebru, Gongora, Céline, Gonzalez, Claudio D, Gonzalez, Ramon, González-Estévez, Cristina, González-Polo, Rosa Ana, Gonzalez-Rey, Elena, Gorbunov, Nikolai V, Gorski, Sharon, Goruppi, Sandro, Gottlieb, Roberta A, Gozuacik, Devrim, Granato, Giovanna Elvira, Grant, Gary D, Green, Kim N, Gregorc, Aleš, Gros, Frédéric, Grose, Charles, Grunt, Thomas W, Gual, Philippe, Guan, Jun-Lin, Guan, Kun-Liang, Guichard, Sylvie M, Gukovskaya, Anna S, Gukovsky, Ilya, Gunst, Jan, Gustafsson, Asa B, Halayko, Andrew J, Hale, Amber N, Halonen, Sandra K, Hamasaki, Maho, Han, Feng, Han, Ting, Hancock, Michael K, Hansen, Malene, Harada, Hisashi, Harada, Masaru, Hardt, Stefan E, Harper, J Wade, Harris, Adrian L, Harris, James, Harris, Steven D, Hébert, Marie-Joseé, Heidenreich, Kim A, Helfrich, Miep H, Helgason, Gudmundur V, Henske, Elizabeth P, Herman, Brian, Herman, Paul K, Hetz, Claudio, Hilfiker, Sabine, Hill, Joseph A, Hocking, Lynne J, Hofman, Paul, Hofmann, Thomas G, Höhfeld, Jörg, Holyoake, Tessa L, Hong, Ming-Huang, Hood, David A, Hotamisligil, Gökhan S, Houwerzijl, Ewout J, Høyer-Hansen, Maria, Hu, Bingren, Hu, Chien-An A, Hu, Hong-Ming, Hua, Ya, Huang, Canhua, Huang, Ju, Huang, Shengbing, Huang, Wei-Pang, Huber, Tobias B, Huh, Won-Ki, Hung, Tai-Ho, Hupp, Ted R, Hur, Gang Min, Hurley, James B, Hussain, Sabah N A, Hussey, Patrick J, Hwang, Jung Jin, Hwang, Seungmin, Ichihara, Atsuhiro, Ilkhanizadeh, Shirin, Inoki, Ken, Into, Takeshi, Iovane, Valentina, Iovanna, Juan L, Ip, Nancy Y, Isaka, Yoshitaka, Ishida, Hiroyuki, Isidoro, Ciro, Isobe, Ken-Ichi, Iwasaki, Akiko, Izquierdo, Marta, Izumi, Yotaro, Jaakkola, Panu M, Jäättelä, Marja, Jackson, George R, Jackson, William T, Janji, Bassam, Jendrach, Marina, Jeon, Ju-Hong, Jeung, Eui-Bae, Jiang, Hong, Jiang, Hongchi, Jiang, Jean X, Jiang, Ming, Jiang, Qing, Jiang, Xuejun, Jiménez, Alberto, Jin, Meiyan, Jin, Shengkan, Joe, Cheol O, Johansen, Terje, Johnson, Daniel E, Johnson, Gail V W, Jones, Nicola L, Joseph, Bertrand, Joseph, Suresh K, Joubert, Annie M, Juhász, Gábor, Juillerat-Jeanneret, Lucienne, Jung, Chang Hwa, Jung, Yong-Keun, Kaarniranta, Kai, Kaasik, Allen, Kabuta, Tomohiro, Kadowaki, Motoni, Kagedal, Katarina, Kamada, Yoshiaki, Kaminskyy, Vitaliy O, Kampinga, Harm H, Kanamori, Hiromitsu, Kang, Chanhee, Kang, Khong Bee, Kang, Kwang Il, Kang, Rui, Kang, Yoon-A, Kanki, Tomotake, Kanneganti, Thirumala-Devi, Kanno, Haruo, Kanthasamy, Anumantha G, Kanthasamy, Arthi, Karantza, Vassiliki, Kaushal, Gur P, Kaushik, Susmita, Kawazoe, Yoshinori, Ke, Po-Yuan, Kehrl, John H, Kelekar, Ameeta, Kerkhoff, Claus, Kessel, David H, Khalil, Hany, Kiel, Jan A K W, Kiger, Amy A, Kihara, Akio, Kim, Deok Ryong, Kim, Do-Hyung, Kim, Dong-Hou, Kim, Eun-Kyoung, Kim, Hyung-Ryong, Kim, Jae-Sung, Kim, Jeong Hun, Kim, Jin Cheon, Kim, John K, Kim, Peter K, Kim, Seong Who, Kim, Yong-Sun, Kim, Yonghyun, Kimchi, Adi, Kimmelman, Alec C, King, Jason S, Kinsella, Timothy J, Kirkin, Vladimir, Kirshenbaum, Lorrie A, Kitamoto, Katsuhiko, Kitazato, Kaio, Klein, Ludger, Klimecki, Walter T, Klucken, Jochen, Knecht, Erwin, Ko, Ben C B, Koch, Jan C, Koga, Hiroshi, Koh, Jae-Young, Koh, Young Ho, Koike, Masato, Komatsu, Masaaki, Kominami, Eiki, Kong, Hee Jeong, Kong, Wei-Jia, Korolchuk, Viktor I, Kotake, Yaichiro, Koukourakis, Michael I, Kouri Flores, Juan B, Kovács, Attila L, Kraft, Claudine, Krainc, Dimitri, Krämer, Helmut, Kretz-Remy, Carole, Krichevsky, Anna M, Kroemer, Guido, Krüger, Rejko, Krut, Oleg, Ktistakis, Nicholas T, Kuan, Chia-Yi, Kucharczyk, Roza, Kumar, Ashok, Kumar, Raj, Kumar, Sharad, Kundu, Mondira, Kung, Hsing-Jien, Kurz, Tino, Kwon, Ho Jeong, La Spada, Albert R, Lafont, Frank, Lamark, Trond, Landry, Jacques, Lane, Jon D, Lapaquette, Pierre, Laporte, Jocelyn F, László, Lajos, Lavandero, Sergio, Lavoie, Josée N, Layfield, Robert, Lazo, Pedro A, Le, Weidong, Le Cam, Laurent, Ledbetter, Daniel J, Lee, Alvin J X, Lee, Byung-Wan, Lee, Gyun Min, Lee, Jongdae, Lee, Ju-Hyun, Lee, Michael, Lee, Myung-Shik, Lee, Sug Hyung, Leeuwenburgh, Christiaan, Legembre, Patrick, Legouis, Renaud, Lehmann, Michael, Lei, Huan-Yao, Lei, Qun-Ying, Leib, David A, Leiro, José, Lemasters, John J, Lemoine, Antoinette, Lesniak, Maciej S, Lev, Dina, Levenson, Victor V, Levine, Beth, Levy, Efrat, Li, Faqiang, Li, Jun-Lin, Li, Lian, Li, Sheng, Li, Weijie, Li, Xue-Jun, Li, Yan-Bo, Li, Yi-Ping, Liang, Chengyu, Liang, Qiangrong, Liao, Yung-Feng, Liberski, Pawel P, Lieberman, Andrew, Lim, Hyunjung J, Lim, Kah-Leong, Lim, Kyu, Lin, Chiou-Feng, Lin, Fu-Cheng, Lin, Jian, Lin, Jiandie D, Lin, Kui, Lin, Wan-Wan, Lin, Weei-Chin, Lin, Yi-Ling, Linden, Rafael, Lingor, Paul, Lippincott-Schwartz, Jennifer, Lisanti, Michael P, Liton, Paloma B, Liu, Bo, Liu, Chun-Feng, Liu, Kaiyu, Liu, Leyuan, Liu, Qiong A, Liu, Wei, Liu, Young-Chau, Liu, Yule, Lockshin, Richard A, Lok, Chun-Nam, Lonial, Sagar, Loos, Benjamin, Lopez-Berestein, Gabriel, López-Otín, Carlos, Lossi, Laura, Lotze, Michael T, Lőw, Peter, Lu, Binfeng, Lu, Bingwei, Lu, Bo, Lu, Zhen, Luciano, Frédéric, Lukacs, Nicholas W, Lund, Anders H, Lynch-Day, Melinda A, Ma, Yong, Macian, Fernando, Mackeigan, Jeff P, Macleod, Kay F, Madeo, Frank, Maiuri, Luigi, Maiuri, Maria Chiara, Malagoli, Davide, Malicdan, May Christine V, Malorni, Walter, Man, Na, Mandelkow, Eva-Maria, Manon, Stéphen, Manov, Irena, Mao, Kai, Mao, Xiang, Mao, Zixu, Marambaud, Philippe, Marazziti, Daniela, Marcel, Yves L, Marchbank, Katie, Marchetti, Piero, Marciniak, Stefan J, Marcondes, Mateus, Mardi, Mohsen, Marfe, Gabriella, Mariño, Guillermo, Markaki, Maria, Marten, Mark R, Martin, Seamus J, Martinand-Mari, Camille, Martinet, Wim, Martinez-Vicente, Marta, Masini, Matilde, Matarrese, Paola, Matsuo, Saburo, Matteoni, Raffaele, Mayer, Andreas, Mazure, Nathalie M, Mcconkey, David J, Mcconnell, Melanie J, Mcdermott, Catherine, Mcdonald, Christine, Mcinerney, Gerald M, Mckenna, Sharon L, Mclaughlin, Bethann, Mclean, Pamela J, Mcmaster, Christopher R, Mcquibban, G Angus, Meijer, Alfred J, Meisler, Miriam H, Meléndez, Alicia, Melia, Thomas J, Melino, Gerry, Mena, Maria A, Menendez, Javier A, Menna-Barreto, Rubem F S, Menon, Manoj B, Menzies, Fiona M, Mercer, Carol A, Merighi, Adalberto, Merry, Diane E, Meschini, Stefania, Meyer, Christian G, Meyer, Thomas F, Miao, Chao-Yu, Miao, Jun-Ying, Michels, Paul A M, Michiels, Carine, Mijaljica, Dalibor, Milojkovic, Ana, Minucci, Saverio, Miracco, Clelia, Miranti, Cindy K, Mitroulis, Ioannis, Miyazawa, Keisuke, Mizushima, Noboru, Mograbi, Baharia, Mohseni, Simin, Molero, Xavier, Mollereau, Bertrand, Mollinedo, Faustino, Momoi, Takashi, Monastyrska, Iryna, Monick, Martha M, Monteiro, Mervyn J, Moore, Michael N, Mora, Rodrigo, Moreau, Kevin, Moreira, Paula I, Moriyasu, Yuji, Moscat, Jorge, Mostowy, Serge, Mottram, Jeremy C, Motyl, Tomasz, Moussa, Charbel E-H, Müller, Sylke, Muller, Sylviane, Münger, Karl, Münz, Christian, Murphy, Leon O, Murphy, Maureen E, Musarò, Antonio, Mysorekar, Indira, Nagata, Eiichiro, Nagata, Kazuhiro, Nahimana, Aimable, Nair, Usha, Nakagawa, Toshiyuki, Nakahira, Kiichi, Nakano, Hiroyasu, Nakatogawa, Hitoshi, Nanjundan, Meera, Naqvi, Naweed I, Narendra, Derek P, Narita, Masashi, Navarro, Miguel, Nawrocki, Steffan T, Nazarko, Taras Y, Nemchenko, Andriy, Netea, Mihai G, Neufeld, Thomas P, Ney, Paul A, Nezis, Ioannis P, Nguyen, Huu Phuc, Nie, Daotai, Nishino, Ichizo, Nislow, Corey, Nixon, Ralph A, Noda, Takeshi, Noegel, Angelika A, Nogalska, Anna, Noguchi, Satoru, Notterpek, Lucia, Novak, Ivana, Nozaki, Tomoyoshi, Nukina, Nobuyuki, Nürnberger, Thorsten, Nyfeler, Beat, Obara, Keisuke, Oberley, Terry D, Oddo, Salvatore, Ogawa, Michinaga, Ohashi, Toya, Okamoto, Koji, Oleinick, Nancy L, Oliver, F Javier, Olsen, Laura J, Olsson, Stefan, Opota, Onya, Osborne, Timothy F, Ostrander, Gary K, Otsu, Kinya, Ou, Jing-Hsiung James, Ouimet, Mireille, Overholtzer, Michael, Ozpolat, Bulent, Paganetti, Paolo, Pagnini, Ugo, Pallet, Nicolas, Palmer, Glen E, Palumbo, Camilla, Pan, Tianhong, Panaretakis, Theocharis, Pandey, Udai Bhan, Papackova, Zuzana, Papassideri, Issidora, Paris, Irmgard, Park, Junsoo, Park, Ohkmae K, Parys, Jan B, Parzych, Katherine R, Patschan, Susann, Patterson, Cam, Pattingre, Sophie, Pawelek, John M, Peng, Jianxin, Perlmutter, David H, Perrotta, Ida, Perry, George, Pervaiz, Shazib, Peter, Matthias, Peters, Godefridus J, Petersen, Morten, Petrovski, Goran, Phang, James M, Piacentini, Mauro, Pierre, Philippe, Pierrefite-Carle, Valérie, Pierron, Gérard, Pinkas-Kramarski, Ronit, Piras, Antonio, Piri, Natik, Platanias, Leonidas C, Pöggeler, Stefanie, Poirot, Marc, Poletti, Angelo, Poüs, Christian, Pozuelo-Rubio, Mercedes, Prætorius-Ibba, Mette, Prasad, Anil, Prescott, Mark, Priault, Muriel, Produit-Zengaffinen, Nathalie, Progulske-Fox, Ann, Proikas-Cezanne, Tassula, Przedborski, Serge, Przyklenk, Karin, Puertollano, Rosa, Puyal, Julien, Qian, Shu-Bing, Qin, Liang, Qin, Zheng-Hong, Quaggin, Susan E, Raben, Nina, Rabinowich, Hannah, Rabkin, Simon W, Rahman, Irfan, Rami, Abdelhaq, Ramm, Georg, Randall, Glenn, Randow, Felix, Rao, V Ashutosh, Rathmell, Jeffrey C, Ravikumar, Brinda, Ray, Swapan K, Reed, Bruce H, Reed, John C, Reggiori, Fulvio, Régnier-Vigouroux, Anne, Reichert, Andreas S, Reiners, John J, Reiter, Russel J, Ren, Jun, Revuelta, José L, Rhodes, Christopher J, Ritis, Konstantinos, Rizzo, Elizete, Robbins, Jeffrey, Roberge, Michel, Roca, Hernan, Roccheri, Maria C, Rocchi, Stephane, Rodemann, H Peter, Rodríguez De Córdoba, Santiago, Rohrer, Bärbel, Roninson, Igor B, Rosen, Kirill, Rost-Roszkowska, Magdalena M, Rouis, Mustapha, Rouschop, Kasper M A, Rovetta, Francesca, Rubin, Brian P, Rubinsztein, David C, Ruckdeschel, Klaus, Rucker, Edmund B, Rudich, Assaf, Rudolf, Emil, Ruiz-Opazo, Nelson, Russo, Rossella, Rusten, Tor Erik, Ryan, Kevin M, Ryter, Stefan W, Sabatini, David M, Sadoshima, Junichi, Saha, Tapas, Saitoh, Tatsuya, Sakagami, Hiroshi, Sakai, Yasuyoshi, Salekdeh, Ghasem Hoseini, Salomoni, Paolo, Salvaterra, Paul M, Salvesen, Guy, Salvioli, Rosa, Sanchez, Anthony M J, Sánchez-Alcázar, José A, Sánchez-Prieto, Ricardo, Sandri, Marco, Sankar, Uma, Sansanwal, Poonam, Santambrogio, Laura, Saran, Shweta, Sarkar, Sovan, Sarwal, Minnie, Sasakawa, Chihiro, Sasnauskiene, Ausra, Sass, Miklós, Sato, Ken, Sato, Miyuki, Schapira, Anthony H V, Scharl, Michael, Schätzl, Hermann M, Scheper, Wiep, Schiaffino, Stefano, Schneider, Claudio, Schneider, Marion E, Schneider-Stock, Regine, Schoenlein, Patricia V, Schorderet, Daniel F, Schüller, Christoph, Schwartz, Gary K, Scorrano, Luca, Sealy, Linda, Seglen, Per O, Segura-Aguilar, Juan, Seiliez, Iban, Seleverstov, Oleksandr, Sell, Christian, Seo, Jong Bok, Separovic, Duska, Setaluri, Vijayasaradhi, Setoguchi, Takao, Settembre, Carmine, Shacka, John J, Shanmugam, Mala, Shapiro, Irving M, Shaulian, Eitan, Shaw, Reuben J, Shelhamer, James H, Shen, Han-Ming, Shen, Wei-Chiang, Sheng, Zu-Hang, Shi, Yang, Shibuya, Kenichi, Shidoji, Yoshihiro, Shieh, Jeng-Jer, Shih, Chwen-Ming, Shimada, Yohta, Shimizu, Shigeomi, Shintani, Takahiro, Shirihai, Orian S, Shore, Gordon C, Sibirny, Andriy A, Sidhu, Stan B, Sikorska, Beata, Silva-Zacarin, Elaine C M, Simmons, Alison, Simon, Anna Katharina, Simon, Hans-Uwe, Simone, Cristiano, Simonsen, Anne, Sinclair, David A, Singh, Rajat, Sinha, Debasish, Sinicrope, Frank A, Sirko, Agnieszka, Siu, Parco M, Sivridis, Efthimios, Skop, Vojtech, Skulachev, Vladimir P, Slack, Ruth S, Smaili, Soraya S, Smith, Duncan R, Soengas, Maria S, Soldati, Thierry, Song, Xueqin, Sood, Anil K, Soong, Tuck Wah, Sotgia, Federica, Spector, Stephen A, Spies, Claudia D, Springer, Wolfdieter, Srinivasula, Srinivasa M, Stefanis, Leonidas, Steffan, Joan S, Stendel, Ruediger, Stenmark, Harald, Stephanou, Anastasis, Stern, Stephan T, Sternberg, Cinthya, Stork, Björn, Strålfors, Peter, Subauste, Carlos S, Sui, Xinbing, Sulzer, David, Sun, Jiaren, Sun, Shi-Yong, Sun, Zhi-Jun, Sung, Joseph J Y, Suzuki, Kuninori, Suzuki, Toshihiko, Swanson, Michele S, Swanton, Charles, Sweeney, Sean T, Sy, Lai-King, Szabadkai, Gyorgy, Tabas, Ira, Taegtmeyer, Heinrich, Tafani, Marco, Takács-Vellai, Krisztina, Takano, Yoshitaka, Takegawa, Kaoru, Takemura, Genzou, Takeshita, Fumihiko, Talbot, Nicholas J, Tan, Kevin S W, Tanaka, Keiji, Tanaka, Kozo, Tang, Daolin, Tang, Dingzhong, Tanida, Isei, Tannous, Bakhos A, Tavernarakis, Nektarios, Taylor, Graham S, Taylor, Gregory A, Taylor, J Paul, Terada, Lance S, Terman, Alexei, Tettamanti, Gianluca, Thevissen, Karin, Thompson, Craig B, Thorburn, Andrew, Thumm, Michael, Tian, Fengfeng, Tian, Yuan, Tocchini-Valentini, Glauco, Tolkovsky, Aviva M, Tomino, Yasuhiko, Tönges, Lars, Tooze, Sharon A, Tournier, Cathy, Tower, John, Towns, Roberto, Trajkovic, Vladimir, Travassos, Leonardo H, Tsai, Ting-Fen, Tschan, Mario P, Tsubata, Takeshi, Tsung, Allan, Turk, Boris, Turner, Lorianne S, Tyagi, Suresh C, Uchiyama, Yasuo, Ueno, Takashi, Umekawa, Midori, Umemiya-Shirafuji, Rika, Unni, Vivek K, Vaccaro, Maria I, Valente, Enza Maria, Van Den Berghe, Greet, Van Der Klei, Ida J, Van Doorn, Wouter, Van Dyk, Linda F, Van Egmond, Marjolein, Van Grunsven, Leo A, Vandenabeele, Peter, Vandenberghe, Wim P, Vanhorebeek, Ilse, Vaquero, Eva C, Velasco, Guillermo, Vellai, Tibor, Vicencio, Jose Miguel, Vierstra, Richard D, Vila, Miquel, Vindis, Cécile, Viola, Giampietro, Viscomi, Maria Teresa, Voitsekhovskaja, Olga V, Von Haefen, Clarissa, Votruba, Marcela, Wada, Keiji, Wade-Martins, Richard, Walker, Cheryl L, Walsh, Craig M, Walter, Jochen, Wan, Xiang-Bo, Wang, Aimin, Wang, Chenguang, Wang, Dawei, Wang, Fan, Wang, Fen, Wang, Guanghui, Wang, Haichao, Wang, Hong-Gang, Wang, Horng-Dar, Wang, Jin, Wang, Ke, Wang, Mei, Wang, Richard C, Wang, Xinglong, Wang, Xuejun, Wang, Ying-Jan, Wang, Yipeng, Wang, Zhen, Wang, Zhigang Charles, Wang, Zhinong, Wansink, Derick G, Ward, Diane M, Watada, Hirotaka, Waters, Sarah L, Webster, Paul, Wei, Lixin, Weihl, Conrad C, Weiss, William A, Welford, Scott M, Wen, Long-Ping, Whitehouse, Caroline A, Whitton, J Lindsay, Whitworth, Alexander J, Wileman, Tom, Wiley, John W, Wilkinson, Simon, Willbold, Dieter, Williams, Roger L, Williamson, Peter R, Wouters, Bradly G, Wu, Chenghan, Wu, Dao-Cheng, Wu, William K K, Wyttenbach, Andreas, Xavier, Ramnik J, Xi, Zhijun, Xia, Pu, Xiao, Gengfu, 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Zheng, Xiaoxiang, Zhivotovsky, Boris, Zhong, Qing, Zhou, Cong-Zhao, Zhu, Changlian, Zhu, Wei-Guo, Zhu, Xiao-Feng, Zhu, Xiongwei, Zhu, Yuangang, Zoladek, Teresa, Zong, Wei-Xing, Zorzano, Antonio, Zschocke, Jürgen, and Zuckerbraun, Brian
Abstract: International audience, In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused o

48. Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy.

Author: Molecular and Cellular Biology ; University of Leuven, Laboratoire d'Epigénétique et Cancer ; CNRS - Université Paris XI - Paris Sud, Department of Pharmacology ; Department of Pharmacology, Immunobiologie des Cellules Dendritiques ; INSERM - Institut Pasteur de Paris, Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (FEMTO-ST) ; CNRS - Université de Franche-Comté - Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard - Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques, Telethon Institute for Genetics and Medicine ; Telethon Institute, Medical Genetics ; Federico II University, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics ; Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute ; Texas Children's Hospital, Signalisation et physiopathologie des cellules épithéliales ; INSERM - Université Paris XI - Paris Sud, Dynamique des interactions membranaires normales et pathologiques (DIMNP) ; CNRS - Université Montpellier I - Université Montpellier II - Sciences et techniques, Institut de biochimie et génétique cellulaires (IBGC) ; 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biophysics ; institute of biochemistry an biophysics - polish academic of sciences, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular ; Universitat de Barcelona - Facultat de Biologia - Institute for Research in Biomedicine - CIBERDEM, Chaperones Research Group ; Chaperones Research Group, Klionsky, Daniel J, Abdalla, Fabio C, Abeliovich, Hagai, Abraham, Robert T, Acevedo-Arozena, Abraham, Adeli, Khosrow, Agholme, Lotta, Agnello, Maria, Agostinis, Patrizia, Aguirre-Ghiso, Julio A, Ahn, Hyung Jun, Ait-Mohamed, Ouardia, Ait-Si-Ali, Slimane, Akematsu, Takahiko, Akira, Shizuo, Al-Younes, Hesham M, Al-Zeer, Munir A, Albert, Matthew L, Albin, Roger L, Alegre-Abarrategui, Javier, Aleo, Maria Francesca, Alirezaei, Mehrdad, Almasan, Alexandru, Almonte-Becerril, Maylin, Amano, Atsuo, Amaravadi, Ravi, Amarnath, Shoba, Amer, Amal O, Andrieu-Abadie, Nathalie, Anantharam, Vellareddy, Ann, David K, Anoopkumar-Dukie, Shailendra, Aoki, Hiroshi, Apostolova, Nadezda, Auberger, Patrick, Baba, Misuzu, 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Brown, Eric J, Brumell, John H, Brunetti-Pierri, Nicola, Brunk, Ulf T, Bulman, Dennis E, Bultman, Scott J, Bultynck, Geert, Burbulla, Lena F, Bursch, Wilfried, Butchar, Jonathan P, Buzgariu, Wanda, Bydlowski, Sergio P, Cadwell, Ken, Cahová, Monika, Cai, Dongsheng, Cai, Jiyang, Cai, Qian, Calabretta, Bruno, Calvo-Garrido, Javier, Camougrand, Nadine, Campanella, Michelangelo, Campos-Salinas, Jenny, Candi, Eleonora, Cao, Lizhi, Caplan, Allan B, Carding, Simon R, Cardoso, Sandra M, Carew, Jennifer S, Carlin, Cathleen R, Carmignac, Virginie, Carneiro, Leticia A M, Carra, Serena, Caruso, Rosario A, Casari, Giorgio, Casas, Caty, Castino, Roberta, Cebollero, Eduardo, Cecconi, Francesco, Celli, Jean, Chaachouay, Hassan, Chae, Han-Jung, Chai, Chee-Yin, Chan, David C, Chan, Edmond Y, Chang, Raymond Chuen-Chung, Che, Chi-Ming, Chen, Ching-Chow, Chen, Guang-Chao, Chen, Guo-Qiang, Chen, Min, Chen, Quan, Chen, Steve S-L, Chen, Wenli, Chen, Xi, Chen, Xiangmei, Chen, Xiequn, Chen, Ye-Guang, Chen, Yingyu, Chen, Yongqiang, Chen, Yu-Jen, Chen, Zhixiang, Cheng, Alan, Cheng, Christopher H K, Cheng, Yan, Cheong, Heesun, Cheong, Jae-Ho, Cherry, Sara, Chess-Williams, Russ, Cheung, Zelda H, Chevet, Eric, Chiang, Hui-Ling, Chiarelli, Roberto, Chiba, Tomoki, Chin, Lih-Shen, Chiou, Shih-Hwa, Chisari, Francis V, Cho, Chi Hin, Cho, Dong-Hyung, Choi, Augustine M K, Choi, Dooseok, Choi, Kyeong Sook, Choi, Mary E, Chouaib, Salem, Choubey, Divaker, Choubey, Vinay, Chu, Charleen T, Chuang, Tsung-Hsien, Chueh, Sheau-Huei, Chun, Taehoon, Chwae, Yong-Joon, Chye, Mee-Len, Ciarcia, Roberto, Ciriolo, Maria R, Clague, Michael J, Clark, Robert S B, Clarke, Peter G H, Clarke, Robert, Codogno, Patrice, Coller, Hilary A, Colombo, María I, Comincini, Sergio, Condello, Maria, Condorelli, Fabrizio, Cookson, Mark R, Coombs, Graham H, Coppens, Isabelle, Corbalan, Ramon, Cossart, Pascale, Costelli, Paola, Costes, Safia, Coto-Montes, Ana, Couve, Eduardo, Coxon, Fraser P, Cregg, James M, Crespo, José L, Cronjé, 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Miquel, Vindis, Cécile, Viola, Giampietro, Viscomi, Maria Teresa, Voitsekhovskaja, Olga V, Von Haefen, Clarissa, Votruba, Marcela, Wada, Keiji, Wade-Martins, Richard, Walker, Cheryl L, Walsh, Craig M, Walter, Jochen, Wan, Xiang-Bo, Wang, Aimin, Wang, Chenguang, Wang, Dawei, Wang, Fan, Wang, Fen, Wang, Guanghui, Wang, Haichao, Wang, Hong-Gang, Wang, Horng-Dar, Wang, Jin, Wang, Ke, Wang, Mei, Wang, Richard C, Wang, Xinglong, Wang, Xuejun, Wang, Ying-Jan, Wang, Yipeng, Wang, Zhen, Wang, Zhigang Charles, Wang, Zhinong, Wansink, Derick G, Ward, Diane M, Watada, Hirotaka, Waters, Sarah L, Webster, Paul, Wei, Lixin, Weihl, Conrad C, Weiss, William A, Welford, Scott M, Wen, Long-Ping, Whitehouse, Caroline A, Whitton, J Lindsay, Whitworth, Alexander J, Wileman, Tom, Wiley, John W, Wilkinson, Simon, Willbold, Dieter, Williams, Roger L, Williamson, Peter R, Wouters, Bradly G, Wu, Chenghan, Wu, Dao-Cheng, Wu, William K K, Wyttenbach, Andreas, Xavier, Ramnik J, Xi, Zhijun, Xia, Pu, Xiao, Gengfu, Xie, Zhiping, Xie, Zhonglin, Xu, Da-Zhi, Xu, Jianzhen, Xu, Liang, Xu, Xiaolei, Yamamoto, Ai, Yamamoto, Akitsugu, Yamashina, Shunhei, Yamashita, Michiaki, Yan, Xianghua, Yanagida, Mitsuhiro, Yang, Dun-Sheng, Yang, Elizabeth, Yang, Jin-Ming, Yang, Shi Yu, Yang, Wannian, Yang, Wei Yuan, Yang, Zhifen, Yao, Meng-Chao, Yao, Tso-Pang, Yeganeh, Behzad, Yen, Wei-Lien, Yin, Jia-Jing, Yin, Xiao-Ming, Yoo, Ook-Joon, Yoon, Gyesoon, Yoon, Seung-Yong, Yorimitsu, Tomohiro, Yoshikawa, Yuko, Yoshimori, Tamotsu, Yoshimoto, Kohki, You, Ho Jin, Youle, Richard J, Younes, Anas, Yu, Li, Yu, Long, Yu, Seong-Woon, Yu, Wai Haung, Yuan, Zhi-Min, Yue, Zhenyu, Yun, Cheol-Heui, Yuzaki, Michisuke, Zabirnyk, Olga, Silva-Zacarin, Elaine, Zacks, David, Zacksenhaus, Eldad, Zaffaroni, Nadia, Zakeri, Zahra, Zeh, Herbert J, Zeitlin, Scott O, Zhang, Hong, Zhang, Hui-Ling, Zhang, Jianhua, Zhang, Jing-Pu, Zhang, Lin, Zhang, Long, Zhang, Ming-Yong, Zhang, Xu Dong, Zhao, Mantong, Zhao, Yi-Fang, Zhao, Ying, Zhao, Zhizhuang J, 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biophysics ; institute of biochemistry an biophysics - polish academic of sciences, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular ; Universitat de Barcelona - Facultat de Biologia - Institute for Research in Biomedicine - CIBERDEM, Chaperones Research Group ; Chaperones Research Group, Klionsky, Daniel J, Abdalla, Fabio C, Abeliovich, Hagai, Abraham, Robert T, Acevedo-Arozena, Abraham, Adeli, Khosrow, Agholme, Lotta, Agnello, Maria, Agostinis, Patrizia, Aguirre-Ghiso, Julio A, Ahn, Hyung Jun, Ait-Mohamed, Ouardia, Ait-Si-Ali, Slimane, Akematsu, Takahiko, Akira, Shizuo, Al-Younes, Hesham M, Al-Zeer, Munir A, Albert, Matthew L, Albin, Roger L, Alegre-Abarrategui, Javier, Aleo, Maria Francesca, Alirezaei, Mehrdad, Almasan, Alexandru, Almonte-Becerril, Maylin, Amano, Atsuo, Amaravadi, Ravi, Amarnath, Shoba, Amer, Amal O, Andrieu-Abadie, Nathalie, Anantharam, Vellareddy, Ann, David K, Anoopkumar-Dukie, Shailendra, Aoki, Hiroshi, Apostolova, Nadezda, Auberger, Patrick, Baba, Misuzu, 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L, Edinger, Aimee L, Egea, Gustavo, Eichinger, Ludwig, Eissa, N Tony, Ekmekcioglu, Suhendan, El-Deiry, Wafik S, Elazar, Zvulun, Elgendy, Mohamed, Ellerby, Lisa M, Eng, Kai Er, Engelbrecht, Anna-Mart, Engelender, Simone, Erenpreisa, Jekaterina, Escalante, Ricardo, Esclatine, Audrey, Eskelinen, Eeva-Liisa, Espert, Lucile, Espina, Virginia, Fan, Huizhou, Fan, Jia, Fan, Qi-Wen, Fan, Zhen, Fang, Shengyun, Fang, Yongqi, Fanto, Manolis, Fanzani, Alessandro, Farkas, Thomas, Farré, Jean-Claude, Faure, Mathias, Fechheimer, Marcus, Feng, Carl G, Feng, Jian, Feng, Qili, Feng, Youji, Fésüs, László, Feuer, Ralph, Figueiredo-Pereira, Maria E, Fimia, Gian Maria, Fingar, Diane C, Finkbeiner, Steven, Finkel, Toren, Finley, Kim D, Fiorito, Filomena, Fisher, Edward A, Fisher, Paul B, Flajolet, Marc, Florez-Mcclure, Maria L, Florio, Salvatore, Fon, Edward A, Fornai, Francesco, Fortunato, Franco, Fotedar, Rati, Fowler, Daniel H, Fox, Howard S, Franco, Rodrigo, Frankel, Lisa B, Fransen, Marc, Fuentes, José M, Fueyo, Juan, Fujii, Jun, Fujisaki, Kozo, Fujita, Eriko, Fukuda, Mitsunori, Furukawa, Ruth H, Gaestel, Matthias, Gailly, Philippe, Gajewska, Malgorzata, Galliot, Brigitte, Galy, Vincent, Ganesh, Subramaniam, Ganetzky, Barry, Ganley, Ian G, Gao, Fen-Biao, Gao, George F, Gao, Jinming, Garcia, Lorena, Garcia-Manero, Guillermo, Garcia-Marcos, Mikel, Garmyn, Marjan, Gartel, Andrei L, Gatti, Evelina, Gautel, Mathias, Gawriluk, Thomas R, Gegg, Matthew E, Geng, Jiefei, Germain, Marc, Gestwicki, Jason E, Gewirtz, David A, Ghavami, Saeid, Ghosh, Pradipta, Giammarioli, Anna M, Giatromanolaki, Alexandra N, Gibson, Spencer B, Gilkerson, Robert W, Ginger, Michael L, Goncu, Ebru, Gongora, Céline, Gonzalez, Claudio D, Gonzalez, Ramon, González-Estévez, Cristina, González-Polo, Rosa Ana, Gonzalez-Rey, Elena, Gorbunov, Nikolai V, Gorski, Sharon, Goruppi, Sandro, Gottlieb, Roberta A, Gozuacik, Devrim, Granato, Giovanna Elvira, Grant, Gary D, Green, Kim N, Gregorc, Aleš, Gros, Frédéric, 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Zheng, Xiaoxiang, Zhivotovsky, Boris, Zhong, Qing, Zhou, Cong-Zhao, Zhu, Changlian, Zhu, Wei-Guo, Zhu, Xiao-Feng, Zhu, Xiongwei, Zhu, Yuangang, Zoladek, Teresa, Zong, Wei-Xing, Zorzano, Antonio, Zschocke, Jürgen, and Zuckerbraun, Brian
Abstract: International audience, In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused o

49. Outcomes in patients with moderate and asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis followed up in heart valve clinics

Author: Pasquale Paolisso, Monika Beles, Marta Belmonte, Emanuele Gallinoro, Cristina De Colle, Niya Mileva, Dario Tino Bertolone, Celine Deschepper, Jerrold Spapen, Sofie Brouwers, Ivan Degrieck, Filip Casselman, Bernard Stockman, Frank Van Praet, Martin Penicka, Carlos Collet, Eric Wyffels, Marc Vanderheyden, Emanuele Barbato, Jozef Bartunek, Guy Van Camp, Internal Medicine, Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Experimental Pharmacology, and Clinical sciences
Subjects: Heart valve diseases, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Aortic valve stenosis, Transcatheter aortic valve replacement, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Abstract: BackgroundHeart valve clinics (HVC) have been introduced to manage patients with valvular heart disease within a multidisciplinary team.ObjectiveTo determine the outcome benefit of HVC approach compared with standard of care (SOC) for patients with moderate and asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis (mAS and asAS).MethodsSingle-centre, observational registry of patients with mAS and asAS with at least one cardiac ambulatory consultation at our Cardiovascular Centre. Based on the outpatient strategy, patients were divided into HVC group, if receiving at least one visit at HVC, and SOC group, if followed by routine cardiac consultations.Results2129 patients with mAS and asAS were divided into those followed in HVC (n=251) versus SOC group (n=1878). The mean age was 76.5±12.4 years; 919 (43.2%) had asAS. During a follow-up of 4.8±1.8 years, 822 patients (38.6%) died, 307 (14.4%) were hospitalised for heart failure and 596 (28%) underwent aortic valve replacement (AVR). After propensity score matching, the number of consultations per year, exercise stress tests, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) determinations and CTs were higher in the HVC cohort (pConclusionsIn patients with mAS and asAS, the HVC approach was associated with more efficient management and outcome benefit compared with SOC.
Published: 2022

50. Prognostic value of left ventricular global constructive work in patients with cardiac amyloidosis

Author: Jolien Geers, Maria-Luiza Luchian, Andreea Motoc, Jari De Winter, Bram Roosens, Maria Bjerke, Ann Van Eeckhaut, Mandy M. J. Wittens, Simke Demeester, Ramses Forsyth, Thomy de Ravel, Véronique Bissay, Rik Schots, Frederik H. Verbrugge, Caroline Weytjens, Ilse Weets, Bernard Cosyns, Steven Droogmans, Brussels Heritage Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Clinical sciences, Cardiology, Cardio-vascular diseases, Medical Imaging, Clinical Biology, Neuroprotection & Neuromodulation, Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Experimental Pharmacology, Hematology, Diabetes Pathology & Therapy, Supporting clinical sciences, Artificial Intelligence supported Modelling in clinical Sciences, Experimental Pathology, Pathology, Medical Genetics, Neurology, and Intensive Care
Subjects: left ventricular global longitudinal strain, hematology, Neuroscience(all), Global constructive work, cardiac amyloidosis, Genetics(clinical), Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, myocardial work
Abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of ejection fraction (EF), left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal strain (LVGLS) and global constructive work (GCW) as prognostic variables in patients with cardiac amyloidosis (CA). METHODS: CA patients were retrospectively identified between 2015 and 2021 at a tertiary care hospital. Comprehensive clinical, biochemical, and imaging evaluation including two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography with myocardial work (MW) analysis was performed. A clinical combined endpoint was defined as all-cause mortality and heart failure readmission. RESULTS: 70 patients were followed for 16 (7-37) months and 37 (52.9%) reached the combined endpoint. Patient with versus without clinical events had a significantly lower LVEF (40.71% vs. 48.01%, p = 0.039), LVGLS (-9.26 vs. -11.32, p = 0.034) and GCW (1034.47mmHg% vs. 1424.86mmHg%, p = 0.011). Multivariable analysis showed that LVEF ( odds ratio (OR): 0.904; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.839-0.973, p = 0.007), LVGLS ( OR: 0.620; 95% CI: 0.415-0.926, p = 0.020) and GCW ( OR: 0.995; 95% CI: 0.990-0.999, p = 0.016) were significant predictors of outcome, but the model including GCW had the best discriminative ability to predict the combined endpoint (C-index = 0.888). A GCW less than 1443mmHg% was able to predict the clinical endpoint with a sensitivity of 94% and a specificity of 64% (Area under the curve (AUC): 0.771 (95% CI: 0.581-0.961; p = 0.005)). CONCLUSION: In CA patients, GCW may be of additional prognostic value to LVEF and GLS in predicting heart failure hospitalization and all-cause mortality.
Published: 2022

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