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In recent decades, the approach of active management, preventing overgrowth and simplifying the species composition of non-forest biotopes, has dominated in nature conservation. Dominant plants, suppressing competitively weaker species, are therefore reduced for example by grazing of large herbivores. It turns out that horse grazing has considerable potential for enhancing biodiversity. The aim of this bachelor's thesis was to summarize the main aspects of horse grazing based on literature research and come to a prediction of its future use in nature conservation. Studies on the use of horse grazing in biodiversity conservation show that it works well to suppress competitively strong grasses and supports the presence of flowering dicots and associated insects. The disadvantage of grazing horses is that they do not consume woody plants and thus cannot suppress the growth of bushes. On larger areas (>20 ha), year-round wild horse grazing is used, while domestic horses are suitable for seasonal grazing on smaller sites. Due to the positive results of horse grazing in promoting biodiversity, the more successful suppression of competitively strong grasses compared to other herbivores and the lower level of human effort compared to mowing, it can be expected that cases of using horse grazing in nature...

All the free-living horses and ponies found in North America and Europe are classified within a single species, Equus caballus. Certain aspects of the natural life cycle and management routines may influence the planning of a census, particularly with regard to its timing. On Exmoor the foaling season begins in late April, but the increase in population is only temporary, as in late October almost all the foals are removed as the hill-farming “crop”. Knowledge of the social structure of the population is of practical help: determining the home ranges and social stability of herds aided in locating all the Exmoor pony herds. Census methods for ponies can be adapted easily to examine the use of different habitats; for this, grid squares are classified in terms of habitat type, and by summing the use of constituent squares, the proportional use of each type can be calculated.

The issue of parasites, whether internal or external, is one of the most important indicators of animal health and overall well-being. Exmoor ponies kept in semi-wild breeding are not regularly dewormed compared to horses in classic breeding. Thus, it is likely that the proportion of gastrointestinal parasites will be higher here. The aim of this work is to evaluate the state in the reservation of the former Mašovice shooting range in the Podyjí National Park. The hypothesis of this work is the determination of individuals with the highest infection, evaluation of seasonal dynamics of parasitic egg hatching within seasons and comparison with similar breeds.

Paedomorphosis is the retention of juvenile morphology at maturity and is important in generating evolutionary change in domestic species and species in the wild. When comparing dogs with the wolf, this preliminary study saw paedomorphosis in their physical and behavioral traits (Goodwin, Bradshaw,Wickens, 1997). This preliminary study compared morphological characteristics of 10 breeds from northern regions (Shetland ponies) and southern regions (Arabians) with the Exmoor pony. Twenty-three respondents from the United Kingdom and Australia rated the breeds for 7 physical traits. As evidenced by low standard deviations, the respondents demonstrated a high degree of agreement. The study ranked breeds from the most similar (Highland pony) to the least similar (Arabian) to the Exmoor pony. The least similar breeds had physical traits suggestive of paedomorphosis: small heads, long legs, and a low head-to-body ratio. This preliminary study suggests that morphological, behavioral, and physiological differences between the breeds-plus morphometric comparisons of extant breeds and faunal remains of predomestication horses-warrant further study.

Summary We compared the genetic diversity and distance among six German draught horse breeds to wild (Przewalski's Horse), primitive (Icelandic Horse, Sorraia Horse, Exmoor Pony) or riding horse breeds (Hanoverian Warmblood, Arabian) by means of genotypic information from 30 microsatellite loci. The draught horse breeds included the South German Coldblood, Rhenish German Draught Horse, Mecklenburg Coldblood, Saxon Thuringa Coldblood, Black Forest Horse and Schleswig Draught Horse. Despite large differences in population sizes, the average observed heterozygosity (Ho) differed little among the heavy horse breeds (0.64–0.71), but was considerably lower than in the Hanoverian Warmblood or Icelandic Horse population. The mean number of alleles (NA) decreased more markedly with declining population sizes of German draught horse breeds (5.2–6.3) but did not reach the values of Hanoverian Warmblood (NA = 6.7). The coefficient of differentiation among the heavy horse breeds showed 11.6% of the diversity between the heavy horse breeds, as opposed to 21.2% between the other horse populations. The differentiation test revealed highly significant genetic differences among all draught horse breeds except the Mecklenburg and Saxon Thuringa Coldbloods. The Schleswig Draught Horse was the most distinct draught horse breed. In conclusion, the study demonstrated a clear distinction among the German draught horse breeds and even among breeds with a very short history of divergence like Rhenish German Draught Horse and its East German subpopulations Mecklenburg and Saxon Thuringa Coldblood.

Summary DNA fingerprinting techniques were used to try to resolve the parentage of an Exmoor pony foal. Three young Exmoor ponies, one female and two males, shared a paddock and the female subsequently became pregnant. The two possible sires were three-quarter siblings and were also half-siblings to the dam. Southern hybridisation of Exmoor pony DNA with human mini-satellite probes resolved the disputed parentage in spite of the fact that there was a 70 per cent band share between the individuals involved. Colt M6 was 2.06 times more likely to be the father than an uncle, and Colt M3 was 477 times more likely to be an uncle than the father.

The ecology of the free-ranging Exmoor ponies has not previously been studied. In this investigation, the locations of the few pure-bred herds are given, together with information on their populations, and the reasons for selecting the Withypool Common herds are outlined. The features of this main study area, the types of ponies and their special groupings are described in some detail. The home ranges of the Exmoor herds are examined on an annual and monthly basis, and their relationships to each other and to that of the mongrel herd are studied. This is followed by information on the changing patterns of the two Exmoor pony ranges and a discussion of the significance of inter-stallion relationships. Finally, the home range systems are assessed for features of territoriality.