858 results on '"Existing buildings"'
Search Results
2. Hot Water Heating: Design and Retrofit Guide
- Author
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Raftery, Paul
- Subjects
Heating hot water ,HVAC ,retrofit ,existing buildings ,energy efficiency - Published
- 2024
3. Seismic Design and Analysis of a Cold-Formed Steel Exoskeleton for the Retrofit of an RC Multi-Story Residential Building.
- Author
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Meglio, Emilia and Formisano, Antonio
- Abstract
Featured Application: The system under study will provide a modification of the classic use of exoskeletons installed outside buildings on their facades. The lightweight intervention technique will act as an integrated retrofit system of existing RC and masonry buildings by improving both the seismic performance and the energy efficiency with a negligible increase in the mass, a satisfactory augmentation of the stiffness and a reasonable reduction in the thermal dispersion through the structure envelope. The awareness of the vulnerability of existing structures under both seismic and energy perspectives highlights the need for integrated retrofit solutions that combine structural and thermal enhancements. From this perspective, this study explored the efficacy of the Resisto 5.9 Tube system, which is a seismic retrofit solution for masonry and reinforced concrete (RC) structures that also improves the energy performance by integrating a thermal coat integrated within its basic steel framework. This research involved application to a RC building of a design procedure specifically developed for this system that was aimed at facilitating its adoption by designers involved in seismic retrofitting analysis. After designing the system components, nonlinear static analyses were performed using finite element software to compare the building's seismic performance before and after the application of the Resisto 5.9 Tube. The results demonstrate a significant increase in the seismic safety coefficient ζ
E from 0.26 to 0.42, which proved the potential of this intervention to enhance the seismic safety of existing RC buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Dynamic Characteristics of a 1950s Heritage Building: A Comparison of Original Design Methods and Modern Techniques.
- Author
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Peña, Fernando and Ramos, Joel
- Subjects
VIBRATION tests ,EARTHQUAKE resistant design ,DYNAMIC testing ,TWENTIETH century ,TALL buildings - Abstract
Research on design rules and methods for architectural heritage is an important aspect of conservation practice. Nevertheless, efforts to recover and divulge design methods for Modern Heritage remain limited. This paper is related to the recent structural assessment of a 15-storey heritage building built in 1950, during which a document describing the original seismic analysis of this structure was identified. The methodology employed is of particular interest, as it involves the application of pioneer concepts of dynamic analysis in the design of the first tall buildings in Mexico. The primary aim of this paper is to review the seismic design criteria for the case under study in order to contribute to the state of the art in Modern Heritage. The review includes a comparison between the dynamic characteristics estimated during the design and the results of recent ambient vibration tests and numerical modeling. Several sources of error among the design criteria were identified. Notably, the fundamental period estimated during the design was 38% larger than the experimental value due to an underestimation in stiffness, which introduces significant uncertainty into the design. Overall, the review shows the evolution of seismic analysis over time and provide valuable insights for the study of similar buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
5. Anmerkungen zur Baukonstruktion der klassischen Moderne anlässlich der Gründung der Gemeinnützigen Heimstätten AG (GEHAG) vor 100 Jahren.
- Author
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Adam, Steffen
- Subjects
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COOPERATIVE housing , *BUILDING design & construction , *HOUSING , *CONFERENCES & conventions , *ANNIVERSARIES - Abstract
Notes on the building construction of classical modernism on the occasion of the founding of Gemeinnützige Heimstätten AG (GEHAG) 100 years ago To mark the 100th anniversary of the founding of GEHAG on 14 April 1924, the Architekten‐ und Ingenieurverein zu Berlin‐Brandenburg e. V. (AIV) and the August Bebel Institute (ABI) hosted a conference in April 2024 at the historic location, the Berlin Trade Union House. Here, the successors of the clients for Neues Bauen – housing cooperatives, trade unions, the municipal housing industry, Konsum, AOK and others – were presented with the progress made by Neues Bauen in providing the population of a Greater Berlin with housing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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6. Die Dämmwirkung von Kastenfenstern: Untersuchungen am Prüfstand und in der Praxis.
- Author
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Kain, Günther, Idam, Friedrich, Hunger, Peter, and Bonfert, Sabine
- Subjects
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THERMAL insulation , *SUSTAINABILITY , *HEAT transfer , *SOUNDPROOFING , *BUILDING envelopes , *HISTORIC buildings - Abstract
The insulating performance of double windows. Investigations in the test stand and in practice Box windows are essential components of our architectural heritage and have proven themselves over centuries due to their good sound and thermal insulation properties over a long lifecycle. In the course of thermal improvements of the building envelope, often historical windows are replaced by industrially manufactured constructions. The main argument for this window replacement is the high heat transfer of box windows. However, for these historical windows, measurement results from the actual existing structures are not used; instead, normatively defined default values are employed and compared with the heat transfer of insulated glass systems. These default values are three to four times higher than the laboratory values of industrially manufactured windows. Furthermore, the energy consumption of different window constructions is not evaluated over the entire lifecycle, and ecological aspects such as sustainability and repairability are rarely considered in these calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Rapid Estimation Method of Allowable Axial Load for Existing RC Building Structures to Improve Sustainability Performance.
- Author
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Hwang, Heejin, Oh, Keunyeong, Choi, Insub, Kang, Jaedo, and Shin, Jiuk
- Abstract
Existing reinforced concrete building structures have low lateral resistance capacities due to seismically deficient details. Since these building structures suffer an increase in axial loads to the main structural elements due to green retrofits (e.g., installation of energy equipment/devices, roof gardens) as one of the sustainable building solutions and/or vertical extensions, their capacities can be reduced. This paper aims to propose a rapid estimation method incorporating a previously developed machine-learning model to find an allowable range of axial loads for reinforced concrete columns using simple structural details for enhancement in the sustainability performance of existing buildings in structural and energy fields. The methodology consists of two steps: (1) a machine-learning-based failure detection model, and (2) column damage limits proposed by previous researchers. To demonstrate this proposed method, an existing building structure built in the 1990s was selected, and the allowable range for the target structure was computed for both exterior and interior columns. A machine-learning-based method showed that axial loading could be increased by a factor of 1.35. Additionally, nonlinear time-history analysis for the target structure was performed to compare the seismic responses before and after applying the maximum allowable axial load. Based on the dynamic responses, the increased axial loads from green retrofits and/or vertical extensions could degrade structural performance and change its failure mode. The proposed methodology can rapidly estimate the allowable axial load range for existing reinforced concrete buildings without repeated modeling and computing processes. In addition, nonlinear time-history analysis is needed to accurately evaluate the impact of the increased axial loads from green retrofits/vertical extensions on structural performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. The Key Role of Floors for the Sustainability of Retrofit Interventions in Older Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings.
- Author
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Vona, Marco, Anelli, Angelo, Del Giudice, Francesco Paolo, and Manganelli, Benedetto
- Abstract
In recent decades, the seismic performance of existing reinforced concrete (RC) buildings has played a key role. Nevertheless, the performance and reliability verification of important structural elements such as floors has often been neglected. Floors are primary structural elements that can affect the life cycle life of a building. However, the widespread lack of maintenance planning over time and the original construction practice (which was not always correct) are frequently the cause of unpredictable local or global collapse. In addition, although recent standards and codes recognize the importance of floors by prioritizing their verification with respect to gravitational load conditions, the verification of floor reliability with respect to the load combinations required by modern standards and codes is often not satisfied. Consequently, the intervention costs could be significantly affected by the floor conditions, and their overall amount might even discourage the implementation of interventions. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects (in terms of sustainability) of interventions on residential RC buildings, considering the need to retrofit their existing floors. To this aim, the most vulnerable and potentially most degraded floor types are identified, and their capacity–demand relationships are evaluated. In the case of unverified floors, the main and most popular intervention methods are evaluated and related to the overall intervention costs, taking into account the main uncertainties in performance and cost predictions. The problems and critical issues of floors are key in determining the safety of the building and the cost-effectiveness (i.e., sustainability) of the retrofit intervention. Professionals and decision makers could benefit from the proposed study cost model to define intervention strategies on a regional or national scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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9. Unified life-cycle cost–benefit analysis framework and critical review for sustainable retrofit of Canada's existing buildings using mass timber.
- Author
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Malomo, D., Xie, Y., and Doudak, G.
- Subjects
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COST benefit analysis , *SUSTAINABLE buildings , *RETROFITTING of buildings , *TIMBER , *RETROFITTING , *COMMERCIAL buildings - Abstract
This paper investigates the possibilities and challenges of using mass timber as a sustainable alternative for retrofitting existing buildings in Canada. To create the knowledge foundation on which to devise a holistic framework tailored to the specific characteristics of Canada's built environment, a detailed analysis of the types, geographical distribution, structural, and energy features of the local building stock is first presented. Then, previous strategies for enhancing and upgrading existing buildings with engineered timber are reviewed, classified, and evaluated. Finally, to explore economic and environmental implications, a detailed assessment of available life-cycle cost–benefit analysis approaches is conducted alongside their adaptation to Canada's building context. The findings of this paper can inform policymakers, builders, and designers in developing more sustainable building retrofit practices, design, and regulations, in line with Canada's efforts toward net zero emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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10. Deformation Analysis of Existing Buildings Affected by Shield Tunnels Based on Intelligent Inversion and Measured Data.
- Author
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Zeng, Zhiquan, Wang, Yongming, Huang, Yong, Zhang, Shuaichao, Ma, Chunhui, and Liu, Long
- Subjects
TUNNELS ,UNDERGROUND construction ,TIME perspective ,EMBANKMENTS ,COHESION - Abstract
In the construction of urban underground shield tunnels, uneven deformation can easily occur when the shield passes through soft soil and other poor strata. Such deformation has a significant impact on surface settlement and may cause potential safety hazards to the surrounding existing buildings, directly affecting the safety of urban operation. When simulating and predicting surface settlements, the small-strain soil hardening model can more accurately characterize the mechanical parameters of soil. Nevertheless, its parameters are numerous and complicated to determine accurately, so parameter inversion is needed to determine the accurate parameters of the soft soil layer in order to more accurately predict the surface settlement. This study uses the EFAST method to analyse the sensitivity of the HSS model parameters of soft soil strata. It is determined that the parameters that have the most significant impact on the surface settlement are the reference tangent modulus, rebound modulus, and effective cohesion. Then, XGBoost's fast calculation speed and high precision of SSA inversion are used to inverse and optimize the parameters with high sensitivity. Finally, according to the parameters of the soft soil layer obtained from inversion and measured data, the settlement deformation and safety behaviour of existing buildings are analysed. Combined with the actual shield tunnel project in a city along a river, the inversion calculation shows that the overall average error of the transverse monitoring section is 1.04 mm, and the average maximum error of each monitoring point in the overall shield process is 2.87 mm. The prediction effect is significantly improved compared with the original parameters. The accuracy of the inversion of soil layer parameters is verified from the perspective of time and space. The average settlement of the river embankment foundation is 2.5 mm. Compared with the original parameter data, the prediction results have been greatly improved, and the settlement deformation results are more consistent with the measured data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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11. Cost-effective topology optimization of masonry structure reinforcements by a linear static analysis-based GA framework.
- Author
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Sberna, Antonio Pio, Demartino, Cristoforo, Vanzi, Ivo, Marano, Giuseppe Carlo, and Di Trapani, Fabio
- Subjects
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MASONRY , *TOPOLOGY , *RETROFITTING - Abstract
The paper presents a novel optimization framework aimed at the minimization of seismic retrofitting-related costs for existing unreinforced masonry building structures. The framework provides topology optimization of reinforcements (reinforced plasters) to implement in masonry walls for the accomplishment of seismic safety checks under the reference seismic load combinations. Optimization is carried out by a genetic algorithm (GA) developed in MATLAB®, which controls a 3D finite element equivalent frame model of the masonry structure developed in OpenSees. The GA routine iterates the reinforcement configurations employing specific genetic operators. The feasibility of each candidate retrofitting solution is assessed by performing in-plane shear and flexural safety checks of masonry walls. The framework is finally tested with a case study masonry structure supposed to be made of average-quality or poor-quality masonry. Results will show that the proposed framework can effectively provide the minimization of seismic retrofitting costs for existing masonry structures, giving as output the optimal configuration of the reinforcements within the structural layout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Case Study of Space Optimization Simulation of Existing Office Buildings Based on Thermal Buffer Effect.
- Author
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Gan, Shenqi, Chen, Wenxiang, and Feng, Jiawang
- Subjects
AIR speed ,OFFICE buildings ,SPACE environment ,THERMAL comfort ,HEAT transfer - Abstract
This paper takes an old office building in Hefei as the research object to explore the influence of the thermal buffering performance of the case building buffer space on the air speed and thermal environment of the office space based on the field measurement and simulation. As the thermal buffer layer of the main space, the buffer space is the layout mode that follows the thermal transfer law. Building buffer space variables were evaluated and compared by orthogonal tests to determine the better combination of buffer space sizes. The results show that when the air speed is taken as the evaluation index, the influence of each buffer space on the indoor environment is ordered: courtyard > corridor > foyer; when the temperature is taken as the evaluation index, the influence of each buffer space on the indoor environment is ordered: courtyard > foyer > corridor. From the perspective of green transformation, this paper selects two better schemes. Through comparison, it is found that when the buffer space size is: corridor (16 m × 2 m × 3.3 m), courtyard (16 m × 12 m) and foyer (7.2 m × 6 m × 3.3 m) is the optimal scheme, the indoor air speed is increased by 0.1 m/s, and the temperature is reduced to 27.0 °C, which is within the thermal comfort range of the human body. It is found that optimizing the buffer space size of the case building can effectively improve its indoor air speed and thermal environment, and provide theoretical basis and reference for the green transformation of existing buildings of the same type in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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13. A Novel FRP Retrofit Solution for Improved Local and Global Seismic Performance of RC Buildings: Development of Fragility Curves and Comparative Cost-Benefit Analyses.
- Author
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Pohoryles, D. A., Minas, S., Melo, J., Bournas, D. A., Varum, H., and Rossetto, T.
- Subjects
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COST benefit analysis , *BUILDING performance , *RETROFITTING , *BEAM-column joints , *REINFORCED concrete buildings - Abstract
This paper evaluates the effectiveness of a novel capacity-design based retrofit for improving both the local and global behaviour of existing reinforced concrete buildings using fibre-reinforced polymers. The approach was previously tested on beam-column joints and is here extended to the building level. A new fibre-element model for the global retrofit is proposed and validated against full-scale experiments. Non-linear push-over analyses confirm the adequacy of the retrofit and fragility analyses are used to compare it to a simpler local retrofit. Finally, cost-benefit analyses for three levels of seismicity highlight the cost-effectiveness of the global retrofit for moderate to high seismicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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14. Building Information Modelling Facility Management (BIM-FM).
- Author
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Lovell, Lucy J., Davies, Richard J., and Hunt, Dexter V. L.
- Subjects
BUILDING information modeling ,FACILITY management ,LITERATURE reviews ,DIGITAL twins ,GEOMETRIC modeling - Abstract
Defined digital Facilities' Management (FM) systems will contribute to the realisation of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 11. Of the available digital FM systems, Building Information Modelling (BIM) for FM, herein referred to as BIM-FM, is the least developed. Where BIM-FM varies from existing digital FM tools is its advanced 3D visualisation capabilities. A semi-structured literature review is undertaken to assess the current implementation of BIM-FM and identify opportunities to engender its increased adoption. This paper is part of an ongoing piece of research aimed at defining a standard methodology for the application of BIM to historically significant structures, otherwise known as Historic BIM (HBIM). Two existing approaches to BIM-FM, current and developing, are outlined. The potential value BIM-FM can provide according to the literature is discussed but there exists minimal practical evidence to justify these claims. Barriers to its adoption are discussed, with a key underlying barrier found to be a lack of defined user requirements. Consequently, functional, modelling and information requirements established within the literature are identified, and existing attempts at realising the requirements are discussed. Six information categories and two functional requirements are identified. It is theorised that the tendency to utilise simplified geometric models for FM is primarily due to software and practical limitations as opposed to actual end user needs, and it is suggested that this should be investigated further in future work. Attempts at realising BIM-FM user requirements using other advanced technologies, primarily Digital Twins, are investigated and found to be an area of increasing commonality. A new conception of BIM-FM is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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15. Discussion of "ASCE/SEI 41 assessment of reinforced concrete buildings: Benchmarking nonlinear dynamic procedures with empirical damage observations".
- Author
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Maison, Bruce and Chao, Shih-Ho
- Abstract
This is a Discussion of the following article: Cook D., et al. (2023). ASCE/SEI 41 assessment of reinforced concrete buildings: Benchmarking nonlinear dynamic procedures with empirical damage observations, Earthquake Spectra, August 2023, Vol. 39, No. 3, pp. 1721–1754. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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16. 既有建筑大跨度结构转换托梁抽柱施工技术.
- Author
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朱朝聪, 廖健欣, and 王 营
- Abstract
Copyright of Guangdong Architecture Civil Engineering is the property of Guangdong Architecture Civil Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2024
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17. Net Zero Carbon Retrofitting of Existing Buildings - A Bibliometric Study.
- Author
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Weerasinghe, Lichini Nikesha Kumari, Darko, Amos, and Chan, Albert P. C.
- Subjects
RETROFITTING of buildings ,BIBLIOMETRICS ,CARBON dioxide mitigation ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,ENERGY consumption - Abstract
Carbon emission is a huge challenge for the world to combat climate change and achieve the Paris Agreement targets. To address this challenge, it is important to retrofit existing buildings towards net zero carbon (NZC). Many studies have focused on different aspects of building retrofitting towards NZC. However, a study that systematically examines the knowledge domain of building retrofitting towards NZC is lacking. This study aims to analyze the existing research domain of NZC retrofitting through a bibliometric analysis and provide pathways for future research. Based upon 517 relevant articles identified from Scopus, bibliometric analysis was conducted using the VOSviewer and Gephi software tools. Findings revealed the collaboration networks between authors, countries, organizations, and keywords in this research domain. R.F. De Masi and G.P. Vanoli are the two authors with the highest link strength, while the University of Naples Federico II has the highest number of NZC retrofitting publications. In addition, Italy is the country with the highest number of publications, but China is the most productive country when it comes to both publications and citations combined. "Energy efficiency", "energy saving", "nearly zero energy building", "net zero energy", and "renewable energy" are the most prioritized research areas. Based on identified gaps, future research directions are proposed to include (1) integration of modern technology to simulate NZC retrofitting; (2) optimization of sustainable measures to achieve NZC buildings; and (3)quantification of drivers and benefits of NZC retrofitting. The findings of this study would be useful to researchers, policymakers, and practitioners who are interested in NZC retrofitting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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18. Research on energy-saving renovation of old oceanarium based on energy consumption monitoring technology
- Author
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Shi Hua and Jian Zhang
- Subjects
Existing buildings ,Energy monitoring ,Energy audits ,Energy efficiency ,Efficiency renovation ,Energy consumption ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
This study takes an old oceanarium in Jiangsu Province, China, as a case study and monitors the energy consumption values related to electricity, water and gas consumption for the whole year before the renovation of the oceanarium. Based on the energy consumption monitoring data, an in-depth analysis of the energy consumption defects of the oceanarium before the renovation is conducted using energy audit technology. We combine the characteristics of the oceanarium itself according to: (1) the results of the building energy audit; (2) the results of the envelope calculation; and (3) the latest energy-saving retrofit technology. We developed a more scientific building energy-saving retrofit programme. Using this method, we can accurately monitor the energy consumption problems in old oceanarium buildings and find building energy consumption defects. In this study, we monitor the real-time energy consumption of nine old government office buildings in Jiangsu Province, China using energy monitoring technology. We analyse and study the monitoring results and finally target the scientific energy-saving retrofits. This method can be used to carry out targeted energy-saving building renovation in the future and put forward new methods and ideas for studying the energy consumption of existing public buildings.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Intermediate Isolation System for Adding Floors in Existing Buildings: Chart-Based Design
- Author
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Esposito, Francesco, Faiella, Diana, Mele, Elena, di Prisco, Marco, Series Editor, Chen, Sheng-Hong, Series Editor, Vayas, Ioannis, Series Editor, Kumar Shukla, Sanjay, Series Editor, Sharma, Anuj, Series Editor, Kumar, Nagesh, Series Editor, Wang, Chien Ming, Series Editor, Cui, Zhen-Dong, Series Editor, Lu, Xinzheng, Series Editor, Sadan, Bahadir, editor, Tuzun, Cuneyt, editor, and Erdik, Mustafa, editor
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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20. FE Models of Cold-Formed Steel Panels with Burring Holes for the Seismic Retrofit of Existing Buildings
- Author
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Gualdi, Michelle, Belleri, Andrea, Labò, Simone, Marini, Alessandra, Sato, Atsushi, di Prisco, Marco, Series Editor, Chen, Sheng-Hong, Series Editor, Vayas, Ioannis, Series Editor, Kumar Shukla, Sanjay, Series Editor, Sharma, Anuj, Series Editor, Kumar, Nagesh, Series Editor, Wang, Chien Ming, Series Editor, Cui, Zhen-Dong, Series Editor, Mazzolani, Federico M., editor, Piluso, Vincenzo, editor, Nastri, Elide, editor, and Formisano, Antonio, editor
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Steel Vertical Extension of Existing Buildings with Isolation System: Diagram-Based Design Approach and Validation Through a Case Study
- Author
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Esposito, Francesco, Faiella, Diana, Mele, Elena, di Prisco, Marco, Series Editor, Chen, Sheng-Hong, Series Editor, Vayas, Ioannis, Series Editor, Kumar Shukla, Sanjay, Series Editor, Sharma, Anuj, Series Editor, Kumar, Nagesh, Series Editor, Wang, Chien Ming, Series Editor, Cui, Zhen-Dong, Series Editor, Mazzolani, Federico M., editor, Piluso, Vincenzo, editor, Nastri, Elide, editor, and Formisano, Antonio, editor
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Design Method of Lightweight Steel Exoskeletons for Seismic-Energy Upgrading of Existing RC Buildings
- Author
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Meglio, Emilia, Davino, Antonio, Formisano, Antonio, di Prisco, Marco, Series Editor, Chen, Sheng-Hong, Series Editor, Vayas, Ioannis, Series Editor, Kumar Shukla, Sanjay, Series Editor, Sharma, Anuj, Series Editor, Kumar, Nagesh, Series Editor, Wang, Chien Ming, Series Editor, Cui, Zhen-Dong, Series Editor, Mazzolani, Federico M., editor, Piluso, Vincenzo, editor, Nastri, Elide, editor, and Formisano, Antonio, editor
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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23. Effectiveness of Seismic Upgrading of Confined Masonry Buildings by e-EXOS: A Case Study in Bucharest
- Author
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Barbagallo, Francesca, Bosco, Melina, Leni, William, Marino, Edoardo M., Rossi, Pier Paolo, di Prisco, Marco, Series Editor, Chen, Sheng-Hong, Series Editor, Vayas, Ioannis, Series Editor, Kumar Shukla, Sanjay, Series Editor, Sharma, Anuj, Series Editor, Kumar, Nagesh, Series Editor, Wang, Chien Ming, Series Editor, Cui, Zhen-Dong, Series Editor, Mazzolani, Federico M., editor, Piluso, Vincenzo, editor, Nastri, Elide, editor, and Formisano, Antonio, editor
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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24. Evaluation of Different Configurations of Steel Exoskeletons for the Seismic Retrofit of Existing Buildings
- Author
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Labò, Simone, Belleri, Andrea, Marini, Alessandra, Passoni, Chiara, di Prisco, Marco, Series Editor, Chen, Sheng-Hong, Series Editor, Vayas, Ioannis, Series Editor, Kumar Shukla, Sanjay, Series Editor, Sharma, Anuj, Series Editor, Kumar, Nagesh, Series Editor, Wang, Chien Ming, Series Editor, Cui, Zhen-Dong, Series Editor, Mazzolani, Federico M., editor, Piluso, Vincenzo, editor, Nastri, Elide, editor, and Formisano, Antonio, editor
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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25. Research on Measurement and Optimization of an Old Building in Wuxi Based on Ultra-low-energy Consumption and Energy Saving Transformation
- Author
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Zhang, Wei, Wu, Jie, Shen, Jinghua, Xue, Zhijun, di Prisco, Marco, Series Editor, Chen, Sheng-Hong, Series Editor, Vayas, Ioannis, Series Editor, Kumar Shukla, Sanjay, Series Editor, Sharma, Anuj, Series Editor, Kumar, Nagesh, Series Editor, Wang, Chien Ming, Series Editor, Cui, Zhen-Dong, Series Editor, Guo, Wei, editor, Qian, Kai, editor, Tang, Honggang, editor, and Gong, Lei, editor
- Published
- 2024
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26. Exploring the Essence of User Perspective in Studying Sustainability Aspects of Secondary Educational Buildings
- Author
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Alfalah, Ghasan, Al-Sakkaf, Abobakr, Abdelkader, Eslam Mohammed, Mohammed Abdelkader, Tarek Zayed, di Prisco, Marco, Series Editor, Chen, Sheng-Hong, Series Editor, Vayas, Ioannis, Series Editor, Kumar Shukla, Sanjay, Series Editor, Sharma, Anuj, Series Editor, Kumar, Nagesh, Series Editor, Wang, Chien Ming, Series Editor, Gupta, Rishi, editor, Sun, Min, editor, Brzev, Svetlana, editor, Alam, M. Shahria, editor, Ng, Kelvin Tsun Wai, editor, Li, Jianbing, editor, El Damatty, Ashraf, editor, and Lim, Clark, editor
- Published
- 2024
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27. Digital Twin-Based Automated Green Building Assessment Framework
- Author
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Darko, Amos, Jayasanka, T. A. D. K., Chan, Albert P. C., Jalaei, Farzad, Ansah, Mark Kyeredey, Opoku, De-Graft Joe, di Prisco, Marco, Series Editor, Chen, Sheng-Hong, Series Editor, Vayas, Ioannis, Series Editor, Kumar Shukla, Sanjay, Series Editor, Sharma, Anuj, Series Editor, Kumar, Nagesh, Series Editor, Wang, Chien Ming, Series Editor, Skatulla, Sebastian, editor, and Beushausen, Hans, editor
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- 2024
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28. Post-Earthquake Assessment and Possibilities for Management of Existing Masonry Buildings
- Author
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Ožić, Karlo, Stepinac, Mislav, Lulić, Luka, Skokandić, Dominik, Endo, Yohei, editor, and Hanazato, Toshikazu, editor
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- 2024
- Full Text
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29. Safety Evaluation of Existing R.C. Buildings: Uncertainties Due to the Location of In Situ Tests.
- Author
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Sepe, Vincenzo, Diaferio, Mariella, and Caraccio, Roberta
- Subjects
DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory) ,REINFORCED concrete ,STRUCTURAL frames ,MONTE Carlo method ,NUMERICAL analysis - Abstract
The paper aimed to investigate the influence, on the assessment of the structural safety level of an existing r.c building, of the different choices that the technician in charge of a structural evaluation (the "analyst") can make regarding the structural elements to be tested to obtain a prescribed level of knowledge. To this end, the case study of a reinforced concrete framed structure built in the 1960s in Italy was investigated by means of numerical analyses. The probability distribution of the estimated safety levels was evaluated in the paper by means of a Monte Carlo approach, considering the alternative selections of elements done by a large number of analysts, and the probability of unsuccessful safety estimations is discussed for the knowledge levels considered in the Italian technical codes and the Eurocodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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30. A diagram‐based design procedure for Intermediate Isolation System in existing buildings with inelastic behavior.
- Author
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Esposito, Francesco, Faiella, Diana, and Mele, Elena
- Subjects
BASE isolation system ,BUILDING additions ,SEISMIC response ,SPECTRUM analysis ,LINEAR statistical models - Abstract
Vertical extensions of existing buildings can be realized through Intermediate Isolation System (IIS): the extension, equipped with a base isolation system on the rooftop of the existing building, can work as a mass damper, thus reducing the seismic demand on the old structure. The idea proposed in this paper is to predict the elastic or inelastic response of the existing structure in the IIS configuration by means of the results of simple linear analyses. Parametric response spectrum analyses are performed on simplified two degree‐of‐freedom models by varying the mass ratio and the periods of both the existing building and the new isolated vertical extension. So‐called IIS design spectra are derived, and the results are provided as design charts. Given the period of the existing building and the mass ratio, the period of the new isolated vertical extension is selected to obtain the required/desired response of the existing building. For existing buildings working in the elastic field, the designer can derive the response of the existing building by utilizing the IIS design spectra as design charts. For existing building working in the inelastic field, the design charts can still be adopted, though within a more complex procedure, which accounts for two limit behaviors that the extended building exhibits in the inelastic field. The outlined design procedure is applied to some case studies and validated through the comparison with the results of nonlinear time history analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Digitale Bauwerksdiagnose – ein Projekt zur digitalen Transformation.
- Author
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Fritsch, Christina, Voigt, Chris, Burkhardt, Jörg, Arndt, Ralf, and Marx, Steffen
- Subjects
- *
DIGITAL transformation , *BUILDING information modeling , *DIGITAL technology , *DATA warehousing , *DIAGNOSTIC examinations , *ACQUISITION of data - Abstract
Digital building diagnostics – a digital transformation project Due to traditional analogue working methods and heterogeneous forms of documentation, the potential of building diagnostics for assessing existing buildings has not yet been fully exploited. As part of the two‐year research project Digital Building Diagnostics, digital methods and tools were developed to improve the process steps of data collection, data evaluation and data linking with Building Information Models (BIM). This resulted in a capture tool for digital data capture and structured data storage, an evaluation tool for partially automated data preparation and evaluation, and a visualization tool for displaying investigation results in BIM. On one hand, the tools developed improve working methods by relieving specialist engineers of repetitive, time‐consuming work steps. On the other hand, they reduce the susceptibility to errors and increase the quality of the structural diagnostic examination results. Overall, the project results contribute to connecting building diagnostics to the omnipresent digitalization in the construction industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Effect of the fire action on the seismic isolation system for existing reinforced concrete buildings
- Author
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Donatella de Silva, Antonio Bilotta, Romeo Tomeo, Marco Ruggiero, and Emidio Nigro
- Subjects
Existing buildings ,Seismic isolation ,Elastomeric isolators ,Fire damages ,Reinforced concrete structure ,Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials ,TA401-492 - Abstract
Seismic isolation is a design strategy adopted for the protection of both new and existing structures from the damaging effects of earthquakes. It is achieved through the use of elastomeric isolators, which, in case of fire, can suffer permanent damage, seriously compromising the bearing capacity of the isolation system. This study proposes a new methodology to assess the effect of high temperatures on the elastomeric isolators and the loss of efficiency of the isolation system after a fire event. Two possible interventions with seismic isolation for an existing reinforced concrete structure with multi-storey frames were considered to apply the methodology. The evaluation of the isolator thermal response for 30 and 60 min of exposure to the standard fire curve was used for quantifying the damage induced by the fire. This damage level was defined starting from the thermo-mechanical properties of the elastomeric layers damaged by fire, considering different critical temperature thresholds. The estimated degradation was used to evaluate the seismic performance of both isolators and structure in different design configurations, also in a multi-risk scenario that foresees the occurrence of a seismic event after a fire. It was found that the most critical case is the one in which the critical temperature is equal to 70 °C, since after 30 min of exposure to fire the isolator is not able to sustain the vertical loads due to the superstructure. Therefore, the design of a proper passive fire protection system was proposed, able to drastically reduce the temperature in the isolator, mitigating the fire damaging effect.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Architectural epistemology, existing buildings, and single-image modeling
- Author
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Mike Christenson and Kallie Self
- Subjects
digital modeling ,single image ,existing buildings ,architectural epistemology ,architectural representation ,photography ,Architecture ,NA1-9428 - Abstract
This paper examines an alternative approach to creating a 3D digital model of an existing building on the basis of a single photograph. Rather than prioritizing comprehensive coverage or geometric accuracy, the method aims to highlight how the modelmaking process itself can generate architecturally specific knowledge. The paper describes modeling the Nishiki Market in Kyoto using principles of projective geometry and reverse perspective. By problematizing the construction process, the method discloses how a model may embody subjective interpretations and choices. The paper argues that this approach legitimizes producing models counter to prevailing conventions, as the process itself constitutes a form of situational architectural understanding, registered through traces of the modelmaker and the photograph’s perspective. Rather than foregrounding usefulness, this method values uncovering hidden assumptions and exposing the contingencies involved in constructing architectural knowledge.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Net Zero Carbon Retrofitting of Existing Buildings – A Bibliometric Study.
- Author
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Kumari Weerasinghe, Lichini Nikesha, Darko, Amos, and Chan, Albert P. C.
- Subjects
CARBON emissions ,RETROFITTING of buildings ,CLIMATE change ,PARIS Agreement (2016) ,ENERGY conservation in buildings - Abstract
Carbon emission is a huge challenge for the world to combat climate change and achieve the Paris Agreement targets. To address this challenge, it is important to retrofit existing buildings towards net zero carbon (NZC). Many studies have focused on different aspects of building retrofitting towards NZC. However, a study that systematically examines the knowledge domain of building retrofitting towards NZC is lacking. This study aims to analyze the existing research domain of NZC retrofitting through a bibliometric analysis and provide pathways for future research. Based upon 517 relevant articles identified from Scopus, bibliometric analysis was conducted using the VOSviewer and Gephi software tools. Findings revealed the collaboration networks between authors, countries, organizations, and keywords in this research domain. R.F. De Masi and G.P. Vanoli are the two authors with the highest link strength, while the University of Naples Federico II has the highest number of NZC retrofitting publications. In addition, Italy is the country with the highest number of publications, but China is the most productive country when it comes to both publications and citations combined. “Energy efficiency”, “energy saving”, “nearly zero energy building”, “net zero energy”, and “renewable energy” are the most prioritized research areas. Based on identified gaps, future research directions are proposed to include (1) integration of modern technology to simulate NZC retrofitting; (2) optimization of sustainable measures to achieve NZC buildings; and (3)quantification of drivers and benefits of NZC retrofitting. The findings of this study would be useful to researchers, policymakers, and practitioners who are interested in NZC retrofitting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Boiler Retrofits and Decarbonization in Existing Buildings: HVAC Designer Interviews
- Author
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Lamon, Emily, Raftery, Paul, and Schiavon, Stefano
- Subjects
Boiler Retrofits ,Existing Buildings ,Building Decarbonization ,Electrification ,Commercial Buildings ,Boiler Oversizing ,Designer Interviews - Abstract
In this study, we investigate methods to reduce carbon emissions from existing large commercial buildings with central natural gas-fired boilers used for space heating. This research explores opportunities to reduce natural gas use through improved building operations and through building decarbonization. We conducted one-hour interviews with 17 mechanical HVAC designers, together having over 350 years of industry experience, professional tenures at engineering consulting firms and design/build firms, and project work in California, New York, Texas, Alaska, the United Kingdom, and Canada. We asked a mix of quantitative and qualitative questions, covering four topic areas: General Background, Peak Heating Load and Boiler Selection, Boiler Controls, and Existing Building Decarbonization. The interviews yielded insight into industry practices, including determining peak heating load, equipment redundancy, boiler staging controls, Heating Hot Water temperature resets, challenges of building electrification, and design considerations for building decarbonization. From the interview results, we developed five key findings: (1) New boilers are oversized, (2) Actual building load distributions are not available, (3) Heating Hot Water temperatures are too high, (4) Boiler end-of-life is not the best electrification opportunity, (5) Reduce building emissions even if all-electric is infeasible. There are many challenges to reducing carbon emissions from existing buildings, but we conclude there are also many opportunities to make immediate positive change.
- Published
- 2022
36. Seismic Design and Analysis of a Cold-Formed Steel Exoskeleton for the Retrofit of an RC Multi-Story Residential Building
- Author
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Emilia Meglio and Antonio Formisano
- Subjects
integrated retrofit ,steel exoskeletons ,existing buildings ,reinforced concrete structures ,design method ,pushover analyses ,Technology ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Physics ,QC1-999 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
The awareness of the vulnerability of existing structures under both seismic and energy perspectives highlights the need for integrated retrofit solutions that combine structural and thermal enhancements. From this perspective, this study explored the efficacy of the Resisto 5.9 Tube system, which is a seismic retrofit solution for masonry and reinforced concrete (RC) structures that also improves the energy performance by integrating a thermal coat integrated within its basic steel framework. This research involved application to a RC building of a design procedure specifically developed for this system that was aimed at facilitating its adoption by designers involved in seismic retrofitting analysis. After designing the system components, nonlinear static analyses were performed using finite element software to compare the building’s seismic performance before and after the application of the Resisto 5.9 Tube. The results demonstrate a significant increase in the seismic safety coefficient ζE from 0.26 to 0.42, which proved the potential of this intervention to enhance the seismic safety of existing RC buildings.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Dynamic Characteristics of a 1950s Heritage Building: A Comparison of Original Design Methods and Modern Techniques
- Author
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Fernando Peña and Joel Ramos
- Subjects
existing buildings ,modern heritage ,20th century heritage ,structural assessment ,dynamic properties estimation ,ambient vibration testing ,Building construction ,TH1-9745 - Abstract
Research on design rules and methods for architectural heritage is an important aspect of conservation practice. Nevertheless, efforts to recover and divulge design methods for Modern Heritage remain limited. This paper is related to the recent structural assessment of a 15-storey heritage building built in 1950, during which a document describing the original seismic analysis of this structure was identified. The methodology employed is of particular interest, as it involves the application of pioneer concepts of dynamic analysis in the design of the first tall buildings in Mexico. The primary aim of this paper is to review the seismic design criteria for the case under study in order to contribute to the state of the art in Modern Heritage. The review includes a comparison between the dynamic characteristics estimated during the design and the results of recent ambient vibration tests and numerical modeling. Several sources of error among the design criteria were identified. Notably, the fundamental period estimated during the design was 38% larger than the experimental value due to an underestimation in stiffness, which introduces significant uncertainty into the design. Overall, the review shows the evolution of seismic analysis over time and provide valuable insights for the study of similar buildings.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Developing a machine learning-based rapid visual screening method for seismic assessment of existing buildings on a case study data from the 2015 Gorkha, Nepal earthquake
- Author
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Bektaş, Nurullah and Kegyes-Brassai, Orsolya
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Pushover Analysis in Seismic Engineering: A Detailed Chronology and Review of Techniques for Structural Assessment.
- Author
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Kuria, Kevin Karanja and Kegyes-Brassai, Orsolya Katalin
- Subjects
ENGINEERING mathematics ,EARTHQUAKE resistant design ,RESEARCH personnel ,NONLINEAR analysis - Abstract
This study analyzes the progression, utilization, and inherent challenges of traditional non-linear static procedures (NSPs) such as the capacity spectrum method, the displacement coefficient method, and the N2 method for evaluating seismic performance in structures. These methods, along with advanced versions such as multi-mode, modal, adaptive, and energy-based pushover analysis, help determine seismic demands, enriching our grasp on structural behaviors and guiding design choices. While these methods have improved accuracy by considering major vibration modes, they often fall short in addressing intricate aspects such as bidirectional responses, torsional effects, soil-structure interplay, and variations in displacement coefficients. Nevertheless, NSPs offer a more comprehensive and detailed analysis compared to rapid visual screening methods, providing a deeper understanding of potential vulnerabilities and more accurate predictions of structural performance. Their efficiency and reduced computational demands, compared to the comprehensive nonlinear response history analysis (NLRHA), make NSPs a favored tool for engineers aiming for swift seismic performance checks. Their accuracy and application become crucial when gauging seismic risks and potential damage across multiple structures. This paper underscores the ongoing refinements to these methods, reflecting the sustained attention they receive from both industry professionals and researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. A Decision Framework for the Regeneration Awareness of Large-Sized Public Housing Using a Building Transformability Assessment: A Test Case in Italy (Latina).
- Author
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Diana, Lorenzo, Passarelli, Cristina, Polverino, Francesco, and Pugliese, Francesco
- Subjects
PUBLIC housing ,WATER harvesting ,ENERGY consumption ,AWARENESS - Abstract
In the frame of developing sustainable, reliable, and regenerative interventions on existing buildings, namely on large-scale public housing, the implementation of functional, technological, and effective strategies is devoted to thoroughly assessing the transformability of buildings using trustworthy performance indicators. With this aim, in the present paper, an assessment framework tool is presented and tested to evaluate the potential of buildings for transformation through the detection of regeneration strategies for the reduction of energy consumption, a definition of the new apartments' internal layout, and the implementation of sustainable systems to foster rainwater harvesting. The procedure is tested on a case study in Latina (Italy), showing its suitability to quantitatively assess the regenerative potentiality of public housing, thus resulting in an effective supporting tool for designers and policy makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Overall and Local Wind Loads on Post-Installed Elevator Shaft of Existing Buildings.
- Author
-
You, Haowen, Si, Chenxu, Ma, Xinwen, and Shang, Jingmiao
- Subjects
CURTAIN walls ,WIND pressure ,LONG-span bridges ,DRIVE shafts ,ELEVATORS ,WIND tunnel testing ,COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics ,WIND damage - Abstract
The glass curtain walls of post-installed elevator shafts in existing buildings can be damaged by local wind loads, and the serviceability of an elevator may be affected by excessive overall wind loads, especially in hurricane-prone areas. The overall and local wind load characteristics of elevator shafts with different arrangements (E-type, H-type, I-type) were studied using wind tunnel tests and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical simulations. Firstly, high-frequency base balance wind tunnel tests of these elevator shafts with three arrangements were carried out to obtain the overall wind loads on the elevator shafts. Secondly, a CFD simulation was performed on the post-installed elevator shafts with three arrangements, obtaining the surface local wind pressure distribution of the elevator shafts under different wind directions. Finally, the wind-induced displacement responses of post-installed elevator shafts were analyzed. The results show that the aerodynamic interference of different elevator arrangements (E-type, H-type, I-type) and wind directions have significant effects on the overall local wind loads and wind-induced responses of the post-installed elevator, while the local wind loads on the area of the elevator door are less influenced by the elevator arrangement type than local wind loads on the surface and the overall wind loads of the elevator shafts. The results and conclusions may be helpful for developing the wind-resistant design of a post-installed elevator shaft. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. The "direct five-step procedure" for the design of added viscous dampers to be inserted into existing buildings: formulation and case study.
- Author
-
Marra, Matteo, Palermo, Michele, and Silvestri, Stefano
- Subjects
EARTHQUAKE resistant design ,REINFORCED concrete buildings ,STRUCTURAL frames ,ENERGY dissipation ,COLUMNS - Abstract
This paper introduces an updated formulation of a five-step procedure dealing with the design of fluid viscous dampers for the seismic retrofitting of existing frame buildings. The original design procedure is known as the "direct five-step procedure," and is articulated into 5 consecutive steps guiding the designer from the identification of the expected seismic performances, to the sizing of the added viscous dampers up to the final verification of the seismic behavior through nonlinear dynamic time history analyses. The procedure leads to the full definition of the mechanical characteristics of the commercial non-linear viscous dampers and allows to estimate the maximum dissipative forces acting in the dampers and the internal forces in the frame members. The objective of the design procedure, when applied to a new building, is to size the dampers in order to keep the structural elements within the linear elastic range considering a "rare" earthquake design level. However, when dealing with an existing building, especially if originally designed considering vertical loads only, the insertion of viscous dampers could be not sufficient to keep the structural elements in the elastic range. Thus, it might be necessary to accept local plastic excursion of the structural elements, by taking into account the ductility capacity (albeit probably limited) of the structural members (hysteretic dissipation associated with damage in beams and columns). This latter aspect is explicitly considered in the updated formulation of the "direct five-step procedure" presented here through the introduction of an overall response reduction factor accounting for both the ductility capacity of the structural members and the viscous damping provided by the added dampers. The design procedure is then applied to a 11- storey frame structure case study, which is representative of reinforced concrete buildings designed for vertical loads only. Three different retrofitting design strategies are considered, based on different exploitation of viscous energy dissipation provided by the dampers and hysteretic energy dissipation due to the excursion of the structural members into the inelastic regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Pseudodynamic Tests and Numerical Modelling for Damage Analysis of Infilled RC Frames.
- Author
-
Molitierno, C., Del Vecchio, C., Di Ludovico, M., and Prota, A.
- Subjects
- *
SEISMIC response , *EARTHQUAKE damage , *REINFORCED concrete buildings - Abstract
Full-scale experimental tests are still needed to enhance knowledge on the seismic response of existing reinforced concrete buildings and to calibrate numerical models aimed at predicting damage. This study deals with pseudo-dynamic (PSD) tests and numerical modeling of full-scale multi-story infilled RC frames with different infill-to-frame connections. Nonlinear numerical models are calibrated using the experimental results at frame level and validated against the results of time-histories in terms of displacement demand, hysteretic response, and attained damage. This model is extended at building level and used to predicted damage to infills. The comparison with damage observed during post-earthquake inspections is reported and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Heat Pump Systems in Existing Multifamily Buildings: A Meta‐Analysis of Field Measurement Data Focusing on the Relationship of Temperature and Performance of Heat Pump Systems.
- Author
-
Lämmle, Manuel, Metz, Jakob, Kropp, Michael, Wapler, Jeannette, Oltersdorf, Thore, Günther, Danny, Herkel, Sebastian, and Bongs, Constanze
- Subjects
HEAT pumps ,HEAT pipes ,HIGH temperatures ,TEMPERATURE - Abstract
Heat pumps play a central role in decarbonizing the heat supply of buildings. However, in this article, implementing heat pumps in existing buildings, a significant challenge is still presented due to high temperature requirements. In this article, a systematic analysis of the effects of heat source temperatures, maximum heat pump condenser temperatures, and system temperatures on the seasonal performance of heat pump (HP) systems is presented. The quantitative performance analysis encompasses over 50 heat pumps installed in residential buildings, revealing correlations between the building characteristics, observed temperatures, and heat pump type. The performance of an HP system retrofitted to a 30‐dwelling multifamily building is presented in more detail. The bivalent HP system combines air and ground as heat sources and achieves a seasonal performance factor of 3.25 with a share of the gas boiler of 27% in its first year of operation. In these findings, the technical feasibility of retrofitting heat pumps is demonstrated in existing buildings and insights are provided into overcoming the challenges associated with high temperature requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Assessing the feasibility of achieving functional recovery goals through seismic retrofit of existing reinforced concrete buildings.
- Author
-
Mohammadgholibeyki, Negar, Echeverria, Maria Jose, Safiey, Amir, Cook, Dustin, Koliou, Maria, and Liel, Abbie B.
- Abstract
Damage from past earthquakes has significantly hampered post-earthquake building function, threatening community resilience, and motivating consideration of functional recovery in building design and assessment. This study examines whether it is feasible to achieve functional recovery in retrofit of existing reinforced concrete buildings, focusing on seven buildings retrofit with various motivations and strategies. The seismic response of these buildings was nonlinearly simulated, and functional recovery was probabilistically assessed. The results show that retrofits targeting life safety may or may not achieve functional recovery goals. Achieving functional recovery depends especially on the reduction of drift demands and collapse probability. However, the acceleration increase associated with many retrofits can increase function loss due to the criticality of acceleration-sensitive nonstructural components if such components are not retrofitted. We also examine other performance metrics, that is, economic losses and immediate occupancy limits of ASCE/SEI 41, showing that these provide imprecise, and in the case of the immediate occupancy conservative, proxies for functional recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. 夏热冬暖地区小型工业建筑绿色化改造技术研究 ——以某绿色化改造示范工程为例.
- Author
-
王与祥, 丁 奎, and 王志刚
- Abstract
Copyright of Guangdong Architecture Civil Engineering is the property of Guangdong Architecture Civil Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Implementing energy retrofits in existing hotel buildings using in-house teams: the decision-making process
- Author
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Fasna, M.F.F., Gunatilake, Sachie, Ross, Andrew, and Manewa, Anupa
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Deformation Analysis of Existing Buildings Affected by Shield Tunnels Based on Intelligent Inversion and Measured Data
- Author
-
Zhiquan Zeng, Yongming Wang, Yong Huang, Shuaichao Zhang, Chunhui Ma, and Long Liu
- Subjects
shield tunnel ,existing buildings ,parameter inversion ,global sensitivity ,sparrow algorithm ,XGBoost ,Building construction ,TH1-9745 - Abstract
In the construction of urban underground shield tunnels, uneven deformation can easily occur when the shield passes through soft soil and other poor strata. Such deformation has a significant impact on surface settlement and may cause potential safety hazards to the surrounding existing buildings, directly affecting the safety of urban operation. When simulating and predicting surface settlements, the small-strain soil hardening model can more accurately characterize the mechanical parameters of soil. Nevertheless, its parameters are numerous and complicated to determine accurately, so parameter inversion is needed to determine the accurate parameters of the soft soil layer in order to more accurately predict the surface settlement. This study uses the EFAST method to analyse the sensitivity of the HSS model parameters of soft soil strata. It is determined that the parameters that have the most significant impact on the surface settlement are the reference tangent modulus, rebound modulus, and effective cohesion. Then, XGBoost’s fast calculation speed and high precision of SSA inversion are used to inverse and optimize the parameters with high sensitivity. Finally, according to the parameters of the soft soil layer obtained from inversion and measured data, the settlement deformation and safety behaviour of existing buildings are analysed. Combined with the actual shield tunnel project in a city along a river, the inversion calculation shows that the overall average error of the transverse monitoring section is 1.04 mm, and the average maximum error of each monitoring point in the overall shield process is 2.87 mm. The prediction effect is significantly improved compared with the original parameters. The accuracy of the inversion of soil layer parameters is verified from the perspective of time and space. The average settlement of the river embankment foundation is 2.5 mm. Compared with the original parameter data, the prediction results have been greatly improved, and the settlement deformation results are more consistent with the measured data.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Case Study of Space Optimization Simulation of Existing Office Buildings Based on Thermal Buffer Effect
- Author
-
Shenqi Gan, Wenxiang Chen, and Jiawang Feng
- Subjects
existing buildings ,thermal buffer effect ,office space ,buffer space ,green ,transformation ,Building construction ,TH1-9745 - Abstract
This paper takes an old office building in Hefei as the research object to explore the influence of the thermal buffering performance of the case building buffer space on the air speed and thermal environment of the office space based on the field measurement and simulation. As the thermal buffer layer of the main space, the buffer space is the layout mode that follows the thermal transfer law. Building buffer space variables were evaluated and compared by orthogonal tests to determine the better combination of buffer space sizes. The results show that when the air speed is taken as the evaluation index, the influence of each buffer space on the indoor environment is ordered: courtyard > corridor > foyer; when the temperature is taken as the evaluation index, the influence of each buffer space on the indoor environment is ordered: courtyard > foyer > corridor. From the perspective of green transformation, this paper selects two better schemes. Through comparison, it is found that when the buffer space size is: corridor (16 m × 2 m × 3.3 m), courtyard (16 m × 12 m) and foyer (7.2 m × 6 m × 3.3 m) is the optimal scheme, the indoor air speed is increased by 0.1 m/s, and the temperature is reduced to 27.0 °C, which is within the thermal comfort range of the human body. It is found that optimizing the buffer space size of the case building can effectively improve its indoor air speed and thermal environment, and provide theoretical basis and reference for the green transformation of existing buildings of the same type in this area.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Building Information Modelling Facility Management (BIM-FM)
- Author
-
Lucy J. Lovell, Richard J. Davies, and Dexter V. L. Hunt
- Subjects
Building Information Modelling ,facilities management ,asset management ,existing buildings ,Technology ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Physics ,QC1-999 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Defined digital Facilities’ Management (FM) systems will contribute to the realisation of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 11. Of the available digital FM systems, Building Information Modelling (BIM) for FM, herein referred to as BIM-FM, is the least developed. Where BIM-FM varies from existing digital FM tools is its advanced 3D visualisation capabilities. A semi-structured literature review is undertaken to assess the current implementation of BIM-FM and identify opportunities to engender its increased adoption. This paper is part of an ongoing piece of research aimed at defining a standard methodology for the application of BIM to historically significant structures, otherwise known as Historic BIM (HBIM). Two existing approaches to BIM-FM, current and developing, are outlined. The potential value BIM-FM can provide according to the literature is discussed but there exists minimal practical evidence to justify these claims. Barriers to its adoption are discussed, with a key underlying barrier found to be a lack of defined user requirements. Consequently, functional, modelling and information requirements established within the literature are identified, and existing attempts at realising the requirements are discussed. Six information categories and two functional requirements are identified. It is theorised that the tendency to utilise simplified geometric models for FM is primarily due to software and practical limitations as opposed to actual end user needs, and it is suggested that this should be investigated further in future work. Attempts at realising BIM-FM user requirements using other advanced technologies, primarily Digital Twins, are investigated and found to be an area of increasing commonality. A new conception of BIM-FM is proposed.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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