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Type 2 diabetes is one of the diseases of civilization that affects older people relatively more often. It is called the plague of the 21st century. As the body ages, insulin sensitivity decreases significantly, which often results in impaired insulin secretion in the body. Type 2 diabetes in the elderly is currently a major clinical problem. Improperly treated diabetes leads to many dysfunctions in the body, such as: diabetic nephropathy, coronary artery disease, and in some cases it may lead to atherosclerosis occlusive of the arteries of the lower limbs. The theoretical part of the work included information about type 2 diabetes. The practical part included a case report of an 80-year-old patient with type 2 diabetes.

Chronic heart failure is one of the diseases of affluence It relatively more often affects the elderly, as well as those who suffer from cardiovascular diseases. The theoretical part of the paper contains information on chronic myocardial insufficiency enriched with an artificial pacemaker. In the practical part, a case report of a 76-year-old female patient with chronic myocardial failure after an implanted pacemaker was presented.

Introduction Nowadays, heart failure is one of the most serious health problems. In Poland, about a million people struggle with it. This is due to several demographic and epidemiological trends, m.in. the improvement of the health care system and the aging of the population. Cardiovascular diseases are a huge challenge for the healthcare system, as they are considered the main cause of death in Poland. The basic assumption of the treatment of the disease includes the improvement of the quality of life Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to assess acceptance of the disease in patients with heart failure receiving outpatient medical care. Material and methods: The research was carried out on a group of 100 patients from NZOZ "Vita". To carry out the research, the author's questionnaire and the Standardized Questionnaire: AIS and LOT-R were used, and appropriate consents were obtained for their use in the work. Results In the study group, the level of disease acceptance according to the AIS in patients with heart failure treated on an outpatient basis was medium and high (48%; n=48 vs. 48%; n=48). Among the respondents, the largest group (46%; n=46) were people with an average level of optimism according to LOT-R. In people with heart failure, the most common comorbidities were diabetes, hypertension and bronchial asthma. Additional diseases did not have a statistically significant impact on the acceptance of the disease among the examined patients (p>0.05). The importance of religion as well as spiritual development in the respondents' lives did not influence their acceptance of the disease (p>0.05). Respondents with an optimistic attitude more often represented a higher level of acceptance of the disease according to the AIS than those with a pessimistic attitude (p=0.005). Conclusions Acceptance of the disease is the final stage of adaptation to the disease, it manifests itself in the recognition of limitations and losses that result from the occurrence of a given disease entity. Therefore, accepting the disease brings many benefits that ultimately improve the course of the disease and further prognosis.

Introduction: The level of modern medicine has led to a continuous extension of life expectancy. This fact is also linked to the aspect of proper adherence by patients to therapeutic recommendations. This process also applies to patients with diabetes, where it is often necessary to take multiple medications and adhere to a therapeutic regimen. However, the literature reports non-adherence to the prescribed therapy by patients. This behavior is so common and significant that the World Health Organization (WHO) included non-adherence to these recommendations in the list of the most serious health problems facing society, which is an obstacle in achieving positive outcomes of the therapy. Objective: The aim of the study is to evaluate the adherence to therapeutic recommendations in patients with type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: A total of 105 patients participated in the study, but due to missing responses, 98 correctly completed surveys were included in the analysis. The method used in the study was a diagnostic survey using a questionnaire. A standardized tool, the Adherence in Chronic Diseases Scale (ACDS), was used, and sociodemographic and clinical data were obtained from medical records and patient interviews. Summary Results: In the studied group, the average score on the ACDS scale was 19.29±3.85, which indicates a low level of adherence to therapeutic recommendations. Among women, adherence to recommendations averaged 19.83±3.46, while among men the average was lower at 18.46±4.29. However, these differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Women only slightly adhered to medical recommendations more than men. In terms of adherence, groups distinguished by the duration of diabetes differed significantly (p < 0.05). There were significant statistical differences (p < 0.05) between individuals who had been ill for up to 20 years and those who had been ill for over 35 years. Half of the individuals who had been ill for up to 20 years adhered to medical recommendations at least as much as Me = 21.00, while half of those over 35 years adhered no more than Me = 18.00. Individuals who had been ill for up to 20 years adhered significantly more to medical recommendations than those who had been ill for over 35 years (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The study group is characterized by a low degree of adherence to therapeutic recommendations. Gender does not influence the level of adherence. The longer the duration of the disease, the lower the degree of adherence to therapeutic recommendations.

Ischemic stroke is one of the most common causes of death and the main cause of permanent disability in the world's population. Early detection of symptoms and appropriate treatment can significantly reduce the rate of deaths and/or reduce the risk of severe disability. The following study describes the case of a 71-year-old man who avoided partial or severe disability thanks to a quick reaction, accurate diagnostics and subsequent initiation of thrombolytic treatment.

Stroke is a significant problem, both clinical and social, leading to disability of the patient. Its occurrence is mainly influenced by modifiable and non-modifiable factors. The golden mean in diagnosis, and then in functioning in everyday life, is the time from the onset of the first symptoms of a stroke and the related method of treatment. Proper care for the patient in the acute phase of stroke is essential for continued functioning at home.

The subject of the work is to demonstrate the importance and presentation of the course of substantive nursing care for a 44-year-old patient who has been suffering from ankylosing spondylitis for years. The first part of the work contains the medical definition of the disease of the spine joints, the etiology of the disease, familiarization with the symptoms, diagnosis and description of treatment. The second one covers the description and analysis of a specific case. The entire work presents nursing problems that patients may experience and how to prepare a nursing order card.

Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related deaths among women in the world. Its occurrence is mainly influenced by environmental factors, and to a lesser extent by genetic factors. The gold standard in diagnosis is mammography, but special attention should be paid to the need to educate women at an increasingly younger age in the field of breast self-examination. Treatment for breast cancer includes surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and hormone therapy.

Introduction: Self-care is an indispensable element of the treatment of type 2 diabetes, it involves the independent implementation of multidimensional activities that allow you to maintain proper glucose levels and reduce the risk of complications. Materials and methods: The study was conducted on a group of 100 patients (including 56 women and 44 men) at the Health Clinic in Zembrzyce in the period from August 10, 2019 to October 30, 2019. The study was conducted using the diagnostic survey method. The research tools included: a self-report questionnaire consisting of a sociodemographic and clinical part and the Self-Care Inventory in Diabetes (SCODI). Results: It was shown that greater independence in self-care regarding health behaviors, health control, glucose control and self-confidence were significantly higher in patients without addictions. Conclusions: Involvement in self-care in the study population was higher among patients with secondary and higher education, and in patients without addictions, with normal body weight and underweight and treated with diet, tablets and insulin.

Introduction Health behaviors play an important role in preserving, maintaining and improving health. These are actions and behaviors selected by humans, which, based on specific knowledge, remain in a significant relationship with health. Nursing staff, due to their knowledge, skills and duties enshrined in the Act on the Professions of Nurses and Midwives, through their own model of behavior and actions, should encourage appropriate health attitudes. Aim of the study The aim of the study was to learn about selected health behaviors in the use of preventive programs, coping with stress and the impact of additional workload among the nursing staff employed at the Railway Hospital in Wilkowice. Material and methods: The research was carried out using the diagnostic survey method and a standardized scale - Juczyński's Health Behavior Inventory on a group of 100 nurses. Results: The group of surveyed nurses was characterized by the highest health behaviors in terms of positive mental attitude and proper eating habits, lower in terms of preventive behaviors and health practices. Only 63% of the respondents used prevention programmes. In addition, it was observed that abnormal health behaviors were more common among nurses working additionally in another health care facility. Conclusions: The surveyed nurses used preventive programs on average and manifested health practices at an average level, which was influenced by the burden of additional work. They chose various ways of coping with stress, which were not always pro-health, therefore postgraduate education should emphasize the development of these skills, and nurses should be able to use psychologists employed in hospitals.

Introduction: Chronic circulatory failure is a very serious and complex problem, constituting a significant health problem not only in Poland, but also worldwide. Treated patients with chronic circulatory failure in everyday life experience many limitations and requirements from the disease, which in many respects is difficult to accept. Aim: Diagnosing the disease acceptance rate and understanding the impact of sociodemographic variables, variables specific to clinical parameters, on the degree of disease acceptance by patients with chronic heart failure hospitalized in the hospital. Materials and methods: The research was carried out using the diagnostic survey method, using the author's own questionnaire and the AIS disease acceptance scale. The study was conducted among 98 patients of the Cardiology Department of the Railway Hospital in Wilkowice-Bystra. Results: The analysis of the degree of acceptance of the disease gives an average value of 21.49. The obtained result is in the lower limit of the reference range, indicating an average level of disease acceptance and adaptation to functioning in everyday life with its presence, while the obtained minimum value (8) and Q1 (17) indicate a low disease acceptance rate. Conclusions: On the basis of the conducted research, it is found that the average and low rate of accepting the disease by the subjects and adapting to it with a sense of psychological discomfort resulting from its presence in everyday life.

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the concomitant incidence of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), both in terms of incidence, etiology, and clinical consequences. PCOS patients suffering from autoimmune thyroid diseases show insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, weight gain, and metabolic and reproductive complications. Studies have shown that chronic stress and its consequence, i.e. oxidative stress, play an important role in the pathomechanism of both disorders. It has also been shown that long-term exposure to stress triggers biological mechanisms, in particular related to the regulation of the inflammatory cascade, which plays a key role in autoimmune diseases. The paper is a review of the literature on the role of chronic stress, oxidative stress, and immune processes in the pathogenesis of HT and PCOS. In addition, the review is a source of knowledge about the treatment of these diseases, and in particular the use of antioxidants in therapeutic management.

Introduction An important direct factor determining human health are health behaviors that are part of the lifestyle. Health behaviors are conscious actions taken to strengthen and increase the potential of one's own health. Nurses, due to their education and interdisciplinary competences, should be characterized by a high level of health awareness and motivation. Aim of the study The aim of the study was to analyze selected health behaviors among the nursing staff employed at the Railway Hospital in Wilkowice in terms of assessing the possibility of increasing preventive measures. Material and methods: The research was carried out using the diagnostic survey method and a standardized scale - Juczyński's Health Behavior Inventory on a group of 100 nurses. Results: The group of surveyed nurses was characterized by the highest health behaviors in terms of positive mental attitude and proper eating habits, lower in terms of preventive behaviors and health practices. There were also many anti-health behaviors, such as: non-compliance with the principles of healthy eating, insufficient physical activity. Conclusions: Measures should be taken to prevent and promote health among nurses.

Introduction: Aggression and violence in the workplace are phenomena that occur more and more often, especially towards the staff working in Psychiatric Wards. The effects of these behaviors may be disturbances in the sphere of professional, social and mental health of employees. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to analyze the phenomenon of patient aggression, to determine the frequency of patients' aggressive behavior and to assess their impact on the staff. Material and methods: The study was conducted among the staff working in the Bielsko Psychiatry Centre. The study used the diagnostic survey method, the research tool that was used in the work was a self-questionnaire. Results: Aggression of patients was experienced by 100% of the respondents. The most common manifestations of verbal aggression are vulgar words and shouting, and physical hitting and jerking. Physicians have less contact with physical aggression than other personnel. Despite this, most staff do not intend to change their place of employment and try to solve and prevent dangerous situations and minimize aggression on the part of patients with their professional approach to the patient. After attacks of aggression, the staff most often turns to a colleague for help and does not use the help of a psychologist. Conclusions: The analysis of the obtained data showed that aggression on the part of patients is a frequent phenomenon in the work of psychiatric ward staff.

Introduction and purpose of the study: Arterial hypertension is currently the biggest economic problem among cardiovascular diseases. It concerns the population of the elderly, in whom health behaviors are necessary, but difficult to implement. Hospitalization of such patients creates an opportunity for education and preventive actions in the field of proper health behavior. Materials and methods: The study used the diagnostic survey method and the self-questionnaire was used in conjunction with the standardized questionnaire of the Health Behavior Inventory. The research was conducted in the Cardiology Department, among 100 patients hospitalized in the period from August to October 2019. The study was approved by the management of the Provincial Hospital in Bielsko-Biała. Research results: In the study group of patients with arterial hypertension, the highest score among health behaviors was given to health practices and positive mental attitude, and the lowest score was given to preventive behaviors. Conclusions: Declared health behaviors among patients with arterial hypertension were statistically significantly higher among women, people who do not work, eat a healthy diet, avoid stress, maintain physical activity, regularly take medications, regularly cooperate with a family doctor and use an adequate amount of sleep and rest.

In the literature on prevention, health promotion and psychology, much attention is paid to the determinants of health, with particular emphasis on lifestyle and practiced health behaviors [1]. The individual choice of the type of behavior adopted depends on the patient's level of general knowledge, in particular knowledge of health care, as well as experience, motivation, recognized values ​​and set goals. An important element of considerations on this subject is to recognize the beliefs and motives of patients' actions in the area of ​​life that significantly affects health [2]. An important factor modifying activity in the process of maintaining biopsycho-social health or preventing complications of an existing chronic disease is the locus of health control and the sense of self-efficacy, as well as a sense of optimism in life. The paper analyzes selected psychological resources, health locus of control, self-efficacy and a sense of optimism in patients with type 2 diabetes, which are related to the process of coping with a chronic disease. A chronic disease confronts the patient with many tasks and challenges that change over time. They depend, among others on: type of disease, method of treatment, cognitive characteristics of the sick person, emotional and behavioral reaction as well as socio-cultural conditions in which the person functions. [3]

Introduction and purpose: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common clinical problem in the group of diseases classified as sleep breathing disorders. Professional drivers are a group that is particularly exposed to the consequences of OSA during the day. This is a very significant problem as chronic daytime sleepiness and falling asleep at the wheel are now recognized as one of the leading causes of road accidents caused by drivers.The aim of the study was to assess the risk of excessive daytime sleepiness and obstructive sleep apnea among the group of professional drivers. Material and methods: The research group consisted of 101 people employed as a professional driver. In order to assess excessive daytime sleepiness and the risk of obstructive sleep apnea, the Epworth sleepiness scale, the Berlin Questionnaire and the self-questionnaire were used. Results: Among 45 drivers (44.6%) had a high risk of OSA using the Berlin Questionnaire, and 56 drivers (55.4%) had a low risk of OSA. According to the Epworth sleepiness scale, it was found that 19.8% of drivers experienced mild daytime sleepiness and 13.9% were drivers with excessive daytime sleepiness require medical consultation. In drivers with a high risk of OSA, the relationship with increased excessive daytime sleepiness was confirmed in the Berlin Questionnaire (85.7%). Conclusions: Among professional drivers, the risk of developing obstructive sleep apnea increases due to risk factors. There is a relationship between excessive daytime sleepiness and risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea.

Introduction Quality of Life (QoL) of Polish women and men with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) was analyzed, taking into consideration acceptance of the illness, the occurrence of depression, complications of diabetes, concentration of glycated haemoglobin, and demographic factors. Material and methods The study was conducted among 115 patients with T1DM and 215 patients with T2DM aged 18–60. The patients were divided into women and men. The tool applied for studying QoL was the Polish language version of the Audit of diabetes-dependent QoL questionnaire(ADDQoL) comprising 2 questions related to the general QoL and 19 domains related to aspects of life. Each domain included 2 components: Impact and Importance, and their product determined the value of the weighted impact score. The Acceptance of Illness Scale, Beck Depression Inventory and studied demographic and clinical parameters were also applied. Results Patients with both types of diabetes demonstrated a negative influence of the disease in all domains of ADDQoL. Values of the average weighted impact of ADDQoL showed significant associations with diabetic complications in T1DM and gender and depressive symptoms in T2DM. Diabetes negatively affects the QoL of diabetic patients in Poland, especially regarding freedom to eat and to drink and sex life in both genders in T1DM, and freedom to eat and drink, and feelings about the future in both genders, and working life and sex life in T2DM men. Conclusions Risk factors for worse QoL are: the occurrence of diabetes complications in T1DM patients and male gender and depression in T2DM patients.

Background. Type 2 diabetes is a disease which constitutes a serious problem among the middle-aged society. Its progressive nature contributes to the occurrence of numerous limitations in the patients’ everyday life. Moreover, the presence of a chronic disease such as type 2 diabetes significantly affects the quality of life. Material and Methods. The studies were performed using the diagnostic poll method. The research tools were: an own survey questionnaire, standardized questionnaires – the Acceptance of Illness Scale (AIS) and the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS). The studies were held from February till December 2017 among 100 inpatients of the cardiology department and the internal medicine department of the Kolejowy Hospital in Wilkowice – Bystra (Independent Public Healthcare Institution). Results. The mean of the acceptance of the illness among patients with type 2 diabetes aged 45-60 was 30.39 which indicates a high level of acceptance. In the SWLS nearly a half of those studied indicated a high sense of satisfaction with life. Conclusions. The patients demonstrated a high level of acceptance of the illness and of satisfaction with life. The level of acceptance determines the sense of satisfaction among patients and affects their quality of life. Keywords: type 2 diabetes, acceptance of the illness, satisfaction with life, chronic disease.

Introduction: Heart failure is an important public health problem in industrialized countries with aging populations. The progressive nature of the disease entails a lot of limitations and has an impact on the health behaviour of patients. The aim of this paper was to present health behaviours using the example of patients with cardiac insufficiency treated in the Department of Cardiology of the Railway Hospital in Wilkowice. Materials and methods: The research was carried out by means of diagnostic survey. The research tools involved: a self-questionnaire and a standardized questionnaire of Health Behaviour Inventory. The research was conducted from March to December 2017 among 100 patients hospitalized in the cardiology department, the Independent Public Health Care Centre of the Railway Hospital in Wilkowice - Bystra. Research findings: Among the preferred health behaviours of patients with heart failure, Positive Mental Attitude and Health Practices were the highest rated, and the lowest rated were the correct eating habits. Conclusions: The declared health behaviours, among patients with heart failure, receive higher scores in a statistically significant way, among women, people with higher education, following medical/nursing recommendations and non-smokers.

Introduction Discopathy of the cervical spine is becoming an increasingly common problem among the entire population, assuming the status of a civilization disease. Aim of this paper The aim of the paper was to assess the functional efficiency and pain intensity among patients treated conservatively due to the degenerative disc disease of the cervical spine. Materials and methods The study included 100 patients treated conservatively in the neurosurgical outpatient clinic. A self-prepared questionnaire, the NRS (Numerical Rating Scale) pain scale and the NDI (Neck Disability Index) performance evaluation scale were used to conduct the research. Findings Differences in pain severity were found in the respective Neck Disability Index scale groups. There was no significant correlation between the type of work and the degree of disability on the Neck Disability Index scale and the relationship between the mode of work and the perceived pain. Conclusions On the basis of the conducted research, it was found that there was a significant relationship between cervical spine pain and the degree of disability defined in the Neck Disability Index. The type of work performed did not show any relationship with the degree of Neck Disability Index disability, and the mode in which the work is performed has no significant impact on pain.

Introduction: Back pain is one of the most common causes of deterioration of the psychophysical condition in people. The pain becomes a source of stress for patients and that is why they activate strategies to cope with it. These are the behaviours that patients undertake independently in difficult situations. The aim of this paper was to learn strategies for coping with sciatic pain using the example of patients of the Neurological Outpatient Clinic. Materials and methods: The research was carried out by means of diagnostic survey. The research tools were as follows: own questionnaire, Coping with Pain Strategy questionnaire. The research was carried out among patients of the Outpatient Neurological Clinic BCO of the City Hospital named after John Paul II in Bielsko-Biała in the period from March to September 2017. Before the beginning of the study, the consent of the director of the BCO Municipal Hospital named after John Paul II in Bielsko-Biała was obtained to carry out the research. Findings: The strategies of coping with pain which the respondents chose most frequently were increased behavioural activity, declared coping and diverting attention, the patients were least likely to choose the catastrophizing strategy, re-evaluating pain and ignoring the sensations. Conclusions: Among the strategies for coping with pain in patients with sciatica, the behavioural strategy was dominant, i.e. increased behavioural activity, then the respondents chose the cognitive techniques: declared coping and diverting attention. The type of strategies implemented was influenced by: the time elapsed from the diagnosis of sciatica, the severity of pain and sex of the patient. Keywords: chronic sciatica, strategies for coping with pain, chronic disease.

Introduction: Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumours affecting women. The treatment often involves the surgical removal of the neoplastic lesion or even the resection of the whole breast. The disease affects virtually every sphere of a woman's life. The aim of the work was to learn strategies for coping with pain on the example of patients of the Neurological Hospital of the City Hospital named after John Paul II in Bielsko-Biała. Materials and methods: The study involved 100 patients with breast cancer following oncological surgery who were hospitalized in the oncology ward of the Beskid Oncology Centre of the Town Hospital in Bielsko-Biała. The research was carried out from March to December 2017. The following research tools were used: self-inquiry questionnaire and the Mini-Mac Mental Adjustment Scale for cancer. Findings: While analysing the ways of coping with cancer, it was shown that the constructive style definitely dominates along with the high intensity of the positive re-evaluation strategy, the fighting spirit. The destructive style, however, scored low among the respondents. Conclusions: The patients showed an attitude leaning towards cancer adjustment. Most women had a positive attitude towards their disease.

Nurses’ fatigue has a substantial impact on patient health, and even survival. Since early detection of risks through observation is essential to preventing health complications in patients, insufficient numbers of nursing staff and their excessive workload contribute to higher patient treatment costs. The above considerations were the motivation for the present study, which attempts to assess fatigue among nurses in intensive care units (ICUs). The purpose of the study was to determine the severity of fatigue in anesthesiology and intensive care nurses, and to investigate the relationship between nurses’ workload and fatigue, which comprised reduced activity, reduced motivation, and physical fatigue symptoms. Material and methods: The study included 54 anesthesiology nurses working in an intensive care unit. The research instrument used was the Yoshitake fatigue questionnaire. Conclusions: Nurses working in intensive care units experience high levels of fatigue. Fatigue was most severe with regard to motivation, followed by physical fatigue, and then activity. As for specific symptoms, the most significant included: “heaviness in the legs”, “wanting to lie down”, “becoming nervous”, “back pain”, and “feeling thirsty”. Large-scale research on nurse fatigue is warranted.

Summary Background: Demographic prognosis show the elderly population increase. Their level of functional efficiency forecasts whether they should be placed in a nursing home or be hospitalized, what is the risk of their death or what are their chances for a long and happy antiquity. The aim of the article was functional efficiency evaluation for the people over 65 years old staying in nursing homes. Material and Methods: In the research we used an authorial questionnaire and the ADL, IADL and NHPPT scales. 411 people (310 women and 101 men) staying in nursing homes were surveyed, with their average age of 79,4+/-7,7. Results: Average number of obtained points at ADL scale for 65-74 years was 4,7+/-1,9 point; 75-84 years 4,8+/-1,6 point; 85 years and more 4,0+/-2,0. Average number of ob-tained points at IADL scale for 65-74 years was 17,8+/-5,3 point; 75-84 years 18,3+/-4,9 point; 85 years and more 15,2+/-4,7. In the test NHPPT the surveyed people obtained the fol-lowing points: for 65-74 years 18,7+/-6,5 point; 75-84 years 19,5+/-5,0 point; 85 years and more 17,8+/-6,2. Conclusions: Better efficiency in basic and complex routine activities was typical for men. Efficiency decreases abruptly for both sexes in the oldest group. Worse results in effi-ciency tests were caused mainly by: age, (85 years and more), widowhood, a considerable grade of disability and depression symptoms.

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis is an incurable chronic disease which limits the daily functioning of patients in every area of life due to progressive symptoms, the side effects of treatment and frequently occurring severe pain. Material and Methods: The research was carried out using the diagnostic poll method. The research tool applied in the study was an own survey questionnaire together with the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) included in it. The research was carried out at the Silesian Center for Rheumatology, Rehabilitation and Disability Prevention in Ustroń in the period from 1 st July 2016 to 30th November 2016 among 50 patients. Results: The performed research demonstrated that the majority of patients subjected to biological therapy treatment noticed an improvement of their health status in comparison to the period from before the biological therapy treatment. The biological therapy affected the patients’ daily functioning. The HAQ median decreased by 1.50 and the median of pain severity by 47.50, also the morning stiffness was significantly reduced or it did not occur at all. Only a small percentage of respondents continued to report problems with falling asleep or waking up at night. Conclusions: Biological therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis bears the desired effects in the form of the improvement of the health status, the reduction of pain severity and the reduction of the occurrence of morning stiffness.

Introduction The lumbar disc herniation is a common health problem of modern society. In many cases it requires operational intervention. Objective The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effect of DIAM TM interactions on intraoperative stabilizers in functional and pain levels in patients with lumbar spine dysopatia. Material and methods The study included 52 patients who underwent spinal disc herniation. Oswestry (ODI), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and the author's questionnaire were used to test the effect of the procedure. Results In the study group, the mean ODI score before surgery was 20.81 (± 5.99), and after 6 months after surgery the rate was significantly lower than 12.94 (± 5.42). Average intensity of pain acc. For VAS before and after surgery respectively 3.15 (± 1.28) and 1.58 (± 1.14). Conclusions Implementing an internal DIAM TM in a short period of time leads to a significant reduction in pain and improved patient functioning.

Introduction: Patients undergoing surgical procedures experience a decline in functional status, followed by a period of convalescence. Improving patients' physical and mental condition, educating them about post-procedure care, and minimizing the risk of postoperative complications is possible through the implementation of appropriate physiotherapeutic interventions. The aim of this study was to broaden the understanding of prehabilitation as a method of preparing patients for procedures within the pelvic floor area and to analyze and compare existing research with medical practice standards. Materials and methods: A review of literature available in the PubMed database was conducted. Keywords related to prehabilitation, surgical procedures in the pelvic floor area, and rehabilitation were utilized. Publications from the last 5 years, available in Polish and English, were analyzed. Additionally, a review of hospital websites in Poland and the Polish Prehabilitation Society was carried out. Results: The main challenges of prehabilitation include assessing the patient's condition before surgery, developing a personalized rehabilitation plan, and patient education. The waiting time for surgery is considered a crucial element in the patient's surgical care path, during which each patient actively participates in a prehabilitation program. Pelvic floor muscle exercises are a fundamental, non-invasive conservative intervention in treating urinary incontinence after prostatectomy. Surgery remains the gold standard for treating severe pelvic organ prolapse in women; however, combining methods can effectively improve surgical outcomes. Conclusions: 1. The preoperative condition of the patient largely determines the risk of postoperative complications after oncological surgery. 2. Prehabilitation in Poland has not yet been implemented as a standard caregiving practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]