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Copyright of Minufiya Journal of Agricultural Research is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Pathogenicity of the entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae towards certain stored product insects; Callosobruchus maculatus F., Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), Sitophilus oryzae (L.) and Oryzaephilus surinmensis (L.) was investigated. Results revealed that B. bassiana was more efficient against cowpea weevil, C. maculatus, R. dominica and O. surinmensis than M. anisopliae. However, M. anisopliae was efficient against S. oryzae. Adults of the four insects species responded in fluctuated manner; the C. maculatus was the most susceptible species to both fungi, followed by R. dominica then O. surinmensis, while S. oryzae was the least. The study concluded that both fungi, B. bassiana and M. anisopliae have a potential for effective and economically feasible control of tested stored product insects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salinity stress is one of the major environmental constraints responsible for a reduction in agricultural productivity. This study investigated the effect of exogenously applied nitric oxide (NO) (50 μM and 100 μM) in protecting wheat plants from NaCl-induced oxidative damage by modulating protective mechanisms, including osmolyte accumulation and the antioxidant system. Exogenously sourced NO proved effective in ameliorating the deleterious effects of salinity on the growth parameters studied. NO was beneficial in improving the photosynthetic efficiency, stomatal conductance, and chlorophyll content in normal and NaCl-treated wheat plants. Moreover, NO-treated plants maintained a greater accumulation of proline and soluble sugars, leading to higher relative water content maintenance. Exogenous-sourced NO at both concentrations up-regulated the antioxidant system for averting the NaCl-mediated oxidative damage on membranes. The activity of antioxidant enzymes increased the protection of membrane structural and functional integrity and photosynthetic efficiency. NO application imparted a marked effect on uptake of key mineral elements such as nitrogen (N), potassium (K), and calcium (Ca) with a concomitant reduction in the deleterious ions such as Na + . Greater K and reduced Na uptake in NO-treated plants lead to a considerable decline in the Na/K ratio. Enhancing of salt tolerance by NO was concomitant with an obvious down-regulation in the relative expression of SOS1, NHX1, AQP, and OSM-34, while D2-protein was up-regulated.

Background: Anemia during pregnancy is a significant health problem. We aim to measure the prevalence of anemia in the third trimester of pregnancy in a specific geographical area and identify its risk factors., Methods: A cross-section study was conducted in the antenatal clinic at Beni-Suef University Hospital on 383 pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy. All enrolled women were interviewed about age, education, occupation, family income, vitamin intake, medical history, and nutritional history. A blood sample was examined for hemoglobin concentration from each enrolled woman., Results: The prevalence of anemia was 72%. Multiparity, infrequent antenatal visits, irregular intake of iron supplements, low weekly intake of meat and fruits, and frequent daily tea consumption were identified as risk factors for anemia. About 23.6% of the anemic women had small-for-gestational-age fetuses (RR = 25.2)., Conclusion: Anemia by the third trimester of pregnancy represents a major health problem in Beni-Suef, Egypt., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest None of the authors has a financial or any conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

A new series of 5-arylhydrazonothiazole derivatives 5a-d has been synthesized, elucidated, and evaluated for their antidermatophytic activity. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of the newly synthesized products were investigated against 18 dermatophyte fungal isolates related to Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum canis, and Trichophyton rubrum. The morphological alterations induced by the synthesized derivatives singly or conjugated with the monoclonal antibody were examined on spores of T. rubrum using a scanning electron microscope. The efficacy of synthesized derivative 5a applied at its respective MFC alone or conjugated with anti-dermatophyte monoclonal antibody 0014 in skin infection treatment of guinea pigs due to inoculation with one of the examined dermatophytes, in comparison with fluconazole as standard reference drug was evaluated. In an in vivo experiment, the efficiency of 5a derivative conjugated with the antibody induced 100% healing after 45 days in the case of T. rubrum and M. canis-infected guinea pigs.

A series of fourteen novel synthesized arylazothiazole and arylhydrazothiazole derivatives were tested for their antifungal activity and structure-activity relationship. The activity of the compounds depends mainly on the side chains of the nucleus compound. The antifungal activity was more significant when both side chains are aromatic > one aromatic and one aliphatic and substituted aromatic with CH 3 or OCH 3  > non-substituted > substituted aromatic with chloro- or nitro-groups. Thiazole derivatives 7a, 7c, 7e, 7f, 7 g, 7i, 7 m, and 11a showed the most effective as antifungal compounds and were comparable with fluconazole as antifungal reference drug when investigated against Candida albicans, Microsporum gypseum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) reached 2 µg/mL in the case of C. albicans for compounds 7a, 7b, 7c and 11a and measured 4 µg/mL in the case of M. gypseum and T. mentagrophytes for the same compounds. The minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) for the same compounds was 4 µg/mL for C. albicans and ranged from 8 to 32 µg/mL for the other two fungi. The results revealed that compounds 7c and 11a were the most antifungal compounds against the test fungi regarding keratinase activity and ergosterol biosynthesis. The in vivo efficacy of synthesized thiazoles 7c and 11a applied at their respective MFC was more effective in the treatment of skin infection of guinea pigs previously inoculated with the test fungi as compared with fluconazole. The Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) software was used to analyze the docking poses and binding energies of compound 11a and keratinase. The computational studies supported the biological activity results., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Three acyl derivatives of chitosan (CS) with different side chains were synthesized and their structures were characterized. Their swelling behavior was investigated. The antifungal behavior of these chitosan derivatives was investigated in vitro on the mycelial growth, sporulation and germination of conidia or sclerotia of the sugar-beet pathogens, Rhizoctonia solani K"uhn (AG2-2) and Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. All the prepared derivatives had a significant inhibiting effect on the different stages of development on the germination of conidia or sclerotia of all the investigated fungi. In the absence of chitosan and its derivative, R. solani exhibited the fastest growth of the fungi studied., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Bioassay-guided separation with an eye toward antifungal activity led to the isolation of the new alkaloid 5-(1̀,1̀-dimethylallyl)-8-hydroxyfuro[2-3-b] quinoline (1) and the known biscoumarin daphnoretin (2) as the active constituents of the chloroform extract obtained from the leaves of Ruta chalepensis. The structures of the metabolites were elucidated on the basis of their spectral characteristics (NMR, UV, and MS) and were compared with the literature. The antifungal activity of the isolated compounds was evaluated against the phytopathogenic fungi Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii, and Fusarium solani, which cause root-rot and wilt diseases in several economically important food crops such as potato, sugar beet, and tomato.