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A renowned classification of visual metaphor (depicting e.g. TOOTHPASTE IS DIAMOND) is the one by Phillips and McQuarrie differentiating between juxtaposition, fusion and replacement. Replacements are oftentimes treated as one unambiguous construct. We reason that there are three disparate replacement types varying in audience responses because of differences in presence and type of visual context: 1) source without target context (e.g. diamond on neutral background), 2) source in target context (e.g. diamond on toothbrush) and 3) target in source context (e.g. tubeof toothpaste on ring). We validated our refinement in an experiment with replacement type as within-subjects factor and perceived processing fluency and aesthetic pleasure as dependent variables. Metaphor comprehension was also taken into account. Participants saw 6 ads (2 per replacement type) for fictitious brands. Overall, perceived processing fluency and aesthetic pleasure were highest for source in target context ads. Source without target context ads and target in source context ads were perceived as equally fluent to process and aesthetically pleasing. For comprehendedmetaphors, perceived processing fluency was higher for target in source context ads than for source without target context ads. This study shows that Phillips and McQuarrie’s replacement category needs to be refined. Studies comparing replacements with juxtapositions and fusions need to be wary of the crucial role of visual context. Replacements showing the source object in the context of the target (e.g. diamond on toothbrush) outperform the other replacement types.

Contains fulltext : 288300.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) BACKGROUND: Flapless immediate implant placement and provisionalization (FIIPP) in the aesthetic zone is still controversial. Especially, an initial buccal crest thickness (BCT) of ≤1 mm is thought to be disruptive for the final buccal crest stability jeopardizing the aesthetic outcome. PURPOSE: To radiographically assess the BCT and buccal crest height (BCH) after 1 year and to calculate the correlation between initial and final achieved BCT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was designed as a prospective study on FIIPP. Only patients were included in whom one maxillary incisor was considered as lost. In six centers, 100 consecutive patients received FIIPP. Implants were placed in a maximal palatal position of the socket, thereby creating a buccal space of at least 2 mm, which was subsequently filled with a bovine bone substitute. Files of preoperative (T0), peroperative (T1) and 1-year postoperative (T3) cone beam computed tomogram (CBCT) scans were imported into the Maxillim™ software to analyze the changes in BCT-BCH over time. RESULTS: Preoperatively, 85% of the cases showed a BCT ≤1 mm, in 25% of the patients also a small buccal defect (≤5 mm) was present. Mean BCT at the level of the implant-shoulder increased from 0.6 mm at baseline to 3.3 mm immediate postoperatively and compacted to 2.4 mm after 1 year. Mean BCH improved from 0.7 to 3.1 mm peroperatively, and resorbed to 1.7 mm after 1 year. The Pearson correlation of 0.38 between initial and final BCT was significant (p = 0.01) and therefore is valued as moderate. If only patients (75%) with an intact alveolus were included in the analysis, still a "moderate correlation" of 0.32 (p = 0.01) was calculated. CONCLUSIONS: A "moderate correlation" was shown for the hypothesis that "thinner preoperative BCT's deliver thinner BCT's" 1 year after performing FIIPP.

Contains fulltext : 248769.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) BACKGROUND: Fatigue is often reported by patients with childhood cancer both during and after cancer treatment. Several instruments to measure fatigue exist, although none are specifically validated for use in childhood cancer survivors (CCS). The aim of the current study was to present norm values and psychometric properties of the Checklist Individual Strength (CIS) and Short Fatigue Questionnaire (SFQ) in a nationwide cohort of CCS. METHODS: In total, 2073 participants were included from the Dutch Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (DCCSS) LATER cohort. Normative data, construct validity, structural validity, and internal consistency were calculated for the CIS and SFQ. In addition, reliability and a cutoff score to indicate severe fatigue were determined for the SFQ. RESULTS: Correlations between CIS/SFQ and vitality measures asking about fatigue were high (>0.8). Correlations between CIS/SFQ and measures of different constructs (sleep, depressive emotions, and role functioning emotional) were moderate (0.4-0.6). Confirmatory factor analysis resulted in a four-factor solution for the CIS and a one-factor solution for the SFQ with Cronbach's alpha for each (sub)scale showing good to excellent values (>0.8). Test-retest reliability of the SFQ was adequate (Pearson's correlation = 0.88; ICC = 0.946; weighted Cohen's kappa item scores ranged 0.31-0.50) and a cut-off score of 18 showed good sensitivity and specificity scores (92.6% and 91.3%, respectively). CONCLUSION: The current study shows that the SFQ is a good instrument to screen for severe fatigue in CCS. The CIS can be used as a tool to assess the multiple fatigue dimensions in CCS.

Contains fulltext : 288299.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)

(1) Background: For years, Cone-Beam Computed Tomography’s (CBCT) have been the golden standard to evaluate implant placement accuracy. By validating Intraoral Scans (IOS) as an alternative to determine implant placement accuracy, a second CBCT could be avoided. (2) Methods: Using dynamic guided implant surgery, 23 implants were placed in 16 partially edentate patients. Preoperatively, both CBCT and IOS (Trios® 3) were obtained and subsequently imported into DTX Studio™ planning software to determine the ideal implant location. A CBCT scan and an IOS including scan abutments were acquired immediately after placement. Both postoperative CBCT and postoperative IOS were used to compare the achieved implant position with the planned implant position and were projected and analyzed using the Implant Position Orthogonal Projection (IPOP) method. (3) Results: Mean differences between the CBCT and IOS methods on the mesio–distal plane were 0.09 mm (p = 0.419) at the tip, 0.01 mm (p = 0.910) at the shoulder, −0.55° (p = 0.273) in angulation, and 0.2 mm (p = 0.280) in implant depth. Mean differences between both methods on the bucco-lingual/bucco-palatal plane were 0.25 mm (p = 0.000) at the tip, 0.12 mm (p = 0.011) at the shoulder, −0.81° (p = 0.002) in angulation, and 0.17 mm (p = 0.372) in implant depth. A statistical analysis was performed using a paired t-test. All mesiodistal deviations between the two methods showed no significant differences (p > 0.05). Buccolingual/buccopalatal deviations showed no significant difference in implant depth deviation. However, significant differences were found at the tip, shoulder, and angulation (p < 0.05). These values are of minimal clinical significance. (4) Conclusions: This study supports the hypothesis that a postoperative IOS is a valid alternative for determining implant placement accuracy.

Simple Summary Survivors of childhood cancer have an increased risk to experience symptoms of severe and persistent fatigue. We studied how fatigue might affect the health-related quality of life of these survivors. Questionnaire items asking about a broad range of daily life aspects were compared between fatigued survivors, survivors without fatigue and the general Dutch population. A total of eleven aspects were studied which were all negatively affected by fatigue, with the largest impact seen for Vitality (how much energy does a person have), General Health (perception of current and future health) and Role Limitations (work-related activities). Results show the negative impact fatigue can have on the daily lives of survivors and why it is important to treat fatigue adequately. Background: Early detection and management of late effects of treatment and their impact on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) has become a key goal of childhood cancer survivorship care. One of the most prevalent late effects is chronic fatigue (CF). The current study aimed to investigate the association between CF and HRQOL in a nationwide cohort of CCS. Methods: Participants were included from the Dutch Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (DCCSS) LATER cohort, a nationwide cohort of CCS. Participants completed the Checklist Individual Strength (CIS) to indicate CF (CIS fatigue severity subscale >= 35 and duration of symptoms >= 6 months) and the Short Form-36 (SF-36) and TNO (Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research) and AZL (Leiden University Medical Centre) Adult's Health-Related Quality of Life questionnaire (TAAQOL) as measures for HRQOL. Differences in mean HRQOL domain scores between CF and non-CF participants were investigated using independent samples t-tests and ANCOVA to adjust for age and sex. The association between CF and impaired HRQOL (scoring >= 2 SD below the population norm) was investigated using logistic regression analyses, adjusting for confounders. Results: A total of 1695 participants were included in the study. Mean HRQOL domain scores were significantly lower in participants with CF. In addition, CF was associated with impaired HRQOL on all of the domains (except physical functioning) with adjusted odds ratios ranging from 2.1 (95% CI 1.3-3.4; sexuality domain) to 30.4 (95% CI 16.4-56.2; vitality domain). Conclusions: CF is associated with impaired HRQOL, urging for the screening and regular monitoring of fatigue, and developing possible preventative programs and interventions.

The aim of this study was to determine the caries situation of three-year-old preschool children residing in low socioeconomic status districts in Lima, Peru. The study is a crosssectional analysis of the caries situation of suburban areas of Lima. A stratified sampling procedure by geographical distribution, considering healthcare centers with a motherand- child health clinic and surrounding preschools as factors, identified 45 randomly selected preschools, of which 17 accepted to participate. Children from 3-year-old classrooms were examined by two independent calibrated dentists using the Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST) instrument at their premises using artificial light, sterile examination mirrors and gauze for drying each tooth before evaluation. ANOVA and the Tamhane method were used to analyze the data. 308 children, mean age 3.4 years (min: 3 years; max: 3 years, 7 months), were examined. The sample prevalence of enamel and dentine carious lesions (CAST code 3-7) was 91.2% while the prevalence of dentine carious lesions (CAST code 4-7) was 58.8%. The mean number of teeth with cavities that had reached the pulp and those that had an abscess or fistula were 2.0% and 0.5% respectively. The majority of enamel and dentine carious lesions were observed in molars. The CAST severity score was 7.0. Mean examination time was 57 seconds. The burden of dental caries of the children at this young age was high.

Background. Acceptance of organs from controlled donation after circulatory death (cDCD) donors depends on the time to circulatory death. Here we aimed to develop and externally validate prediction models for circulatory death within 1 or 2 h after withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment.Methods. In a multicenter, observational, prospective cohort study, we enrolled 409 potential cDCD donors. For model development, we applied the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and machine learning-artificial intelligence analyses. Our LASSO models were validated using a previously published cDCD cohort. Additionally, we validated 3 existing prediction models using our data set.Results. For death within 1 and 2 h, the area under the curves (AUCs) of the LASSO models were 0.77 and 0.79, respectively, whereas for the artificial intelligence models, these were 0.79 and 0.81, respectively. We were able to identify 4% to 16% of the patients who would not die within these time frames with 100% accuracy. External validation showed that the discrimination of our models was good (AUCs 0.80 and 0.82, respectively), but they were not able to identify a subgroup with certain death after 1 to 2 h. Using our cohort to validate 3 previously published models showed AUCs ranging between 0.63 and 0.74. Calibration demonstrated that the models over- and underestimated the predicted probability of death.Conclusions. Our models showed a reasonable ability to predict circulatory death. External validation of our and 3 existing models illustrated that their predictive ability remained relatively stable. We accurately predicted a subset of patients who died after 1 to 2 h, preventing starting unnecessary donation preparations, which, however, need external validation in a prospective cohort.

Contains fulltext : 288292.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the wear behaviour of direct composite restorations after 5 years and associated patient factors. METHODS: 38 patients (6 females, 32 males; 35.2 ± 7.6y) from the Radboud Tooth Wear Project with generalized moderate to severe tooth wear were treated with direct composite restorations on all teeth. Ethical approval was sought and granted before the study was undertaken. Intraoral 3D scans were recorded at 1 month (baseline) and 5 years (recall) after treatment. The amount of height loss was measured at six index teeth (first molars and upper central incisors). Patient factors (age, vertical dimension of occlusion increase, bite force, aetiology score, jaw position and bearing/ non-bearing cusps) were included in the analysis. Multilevel multiple regression with bootstrapping was used to analyse the influence of these factors on wear behaviour of restorations. Observer reliability was tested by paired t-tests and Band-Altman plots (p

Background: Flaplessly placed one-piece mini dental implants (MDI) are an option to support maxillary overdentures. Evenly distribution of the implants over the atrophic alveolar process implies a risk of accidental sinus perforation in the posterior area which could induce sinus-related pathology. Methods: Thirty-one patients received 5–6 maxillary MDIs. Schneiderian membrane swelling was assessed with CBCT at the deepest point of the sinus in the mid-sagittal plane prior to surgery (baseline), after 2 and 5 years. Additionally, subjective patient-reported rhinosinusitis complaints, the effect of smoking, and gender differences were investigated. Results: Mean thickness of the Schneiderian membrane was 2.87 mm at baseline, 3.15 mm at 2 years, and 4.30 mm at 5 years in 27 of 31 initially treated patients. MDI perforation was detected in 21/54 sinuses. At 2 years, perforation length does not affect membrane thickness whereas baseline swelling does. In smokers, each perforated mm induced 0.87 mm additional swelling. After 5 years, the effect of baseline swelling becomes smaller whereas perforation length became statistically significant, with 0.53 mm increase for every perforated mm. The effect of smoking lost its significance. No relations between gender, membrane thickness changes, or subjective clinical sinus complaints and MDI perforation were found. Conclusion: Accidental MDI sinus perforation induces Schneiderian membrane swelling but does not interfere with clinical sinusal outcome after 5 years.

Contains fulltext : 282583.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) In skeletal muscles, niche factors stimulate satellite cells to activate and induce muscle regeneration after injury. In vitro, matrigel is widely used for myoblast differentiation, however, is unsuitable for clinical applications. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze attachment and differentiation of satellite cells into myotubes on fibrin coatings with selected niche components. The attachment of satellite cells to fibrin alone and fibrin with niche components (laminin, collagen-IV, laminin-entactin complex [LEC]) were compared to matrigel. Only on matrigel and fibrin with LEC, Pax7-positive cells attached well. Then, LEC was selected to analyze proliferation, differentiation, and fusion indices. The proliferation index at day 1 on fibrin-LEC (22.5%, SD 9.1%) was similar to that on matrigel (30.8% [SD 11.1%]). The differentiation index on fibrin-LEC (28.7% [SD 6.1%] at day 5 and 32.8% [SD 6.7%] at day 7) was similar to that on matrigel (40.1% [5.1%] at day 5 and 27.1% [SD 4.3%] at day 7). On fibrin-LEC, the fusion index at day 9 (26.9% [SD 11.5%]) was similar to that on matrigel (25.5% [SD 4.7%]). Our results showed that the addition of LEC enhances the formation of myotubes on fibrin. Fibrin with LEC might be suitable to enhance muscle regeneration after surgery such as cleft palate repair and other muscle defects.

(1) Long-term data on maxillary implant overdentures (IODs) are scarce. This case series evaluated three types of IODs supported by six, four or three implants (Anyridge®, Mega’Gen Implant Co., Ltd., Daegu, South-Korea), after 3–5 years in function. (2) A total of 31 patients, with 132 implants, were non-randomly allocated based on available bone or financial limitations. IOD-6 received a telescopic overdenture; IOD-4 a bar; and IOD-3, non-connected implants with locator abutments. Implant survival, bone level changes, probing pocket depth (PPD), plaque index, bleeding on probing (BOP), and technical, biological and aesthetic complications were registered. Impact of suprastructures on bone loss and PPD was analyzed using mixed-effect linear regression models. Differences between groups were analyzed using the ANOVA test for BOP, and Kruskal Wallis test for complications. (3) In total, 23 patients participated in the follow-up (9 female, 14 male), with average age of 62.2 years; 7, 11 and 5 patients in IOD-6, IOD-4 and IOD-3, respectively. Implant survival after 4.4 years on average, was 98% in total; 100%, 97.8% and 93.3% for IOD-6, IOD-4 and IOD-3, respectively. Mean bone loss corresponded to 0.68 mm (SD 1.06, range −4.57–1.51), 0.39 mm (SD 1.06, range −3.6–2.43), and 1.42 mm (SD 1.68, range −5.11–0.74) for IOD-6, IOD-4 and IOD-3, respectively. A statistically significant difference was seen in bone level when comparing IOD-6 to IOD-3 (p = 0.044), and IOD-4 to IOD-3 (p = 0.018). Mean PPD was 3.8 mm (SD: 0.69; range 2.5–5.3), 3.5 mm (SD 0.59; range 2.33–5), and 3.2 mm (SD 0.56; range 2–4) for IOD-6, IOD-4 and IOD-3, respectively, and differed significantly between IOD-6 and IOD-3 (p = 0.029). Incidence of peri-implantitis was 1%. No differences were seen for complications between groups. (4) Maxillary IOD supported by four to six implants is the most reliable treatment regarding implant survival and peri-implant health. More research is needed in the clinical outcomes, in particular the peri-implant health, and complications of maxillary IODs, especially with a reduced number of implants.

Item does not contain fulltext PURPOSE: The aim of this research was to explore the relationship between chewing ability and dental functional status, perceived oral health-related quality of life, and a number of background variables in a Vietnamese population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cluster stratified sample consisted of 2,805 dentate subjects aged =/> 20 years from urban and rural areas in Southern Vietnam. Chewing ability was assessed using a questionnaire that included questions on perceived difficulty with respect to eight foods and three questions of the Oral Health Impact Profile that were considered relevant. RESULTS: Only a minority reported serious problems with chewing ability (reporting difficult or very difficult to chew). The logistic regression analysis on chewing ability outcomes showed significant relationships between chewing ability and having =/> 10 teeth in each arch, having sufficient molar regions (=/> 1 molar posterior occlusal pair [POP] bilaterally) for hard and soft foods, and having sufficient premolar regions (=/> 3 POPs), especially for hard foods. In the hierarchical functional classification system, likelihood to report complaints on chewing ability appeared to discriminate in the branch "=/> 10 teeth in each arch." Likelihood at subsequent levels ranged from approximately 1.5 to 3. In the branch "< 10 teeth in each arch," likelihood did not discriminate because the groups lacked sufficient homogeneity. CONCLUSIONS: Chewing ability and oral health-related quality of life were positively correlated. Among all dental and other variables, decreased chewing ability was strongest when correlated with older age categories and not correlated or weakly correlated with sex, socioeconomic status, and residence.

Item does not contain fulltext PURPOSE: To detetmine the damage to adjacent tooth surfaces and the quality of the marginal seal of a resin-based composite restoration when a sonic preparation device (Sonicsys) was used to finish the preparation outline. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three general practitioners prepared 60 Class II box-type cavities in extracted teeth placed in an artificial jaw in a phantom-head. In 30 preparations a bevel was made with a bur, in the other 30 restorations the margins were finished using the sonic preparation device. All preparations were restored with a total-etch technique and a posterior composite (SA primer-Photo Bond-Clearfil PhotoPosterior). Microleakage was tested and the adjacent teeth were inspected for iatrogenic damage. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences in microleakage were observed between the experimental and control groups. In the control group, 80% of the approximal surfaces of adjacent teeth were damaged while only 30% of the adjacent surfaces were damaged in the experimental group (P < 0.05, Chi-square test).

The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution of permanent canine agenesis in subjects with Down syndrome (DS). Subjects with canine agenesis were determined by means of panoramic radiographs from 150 DS subjects attending a center for special care dentistry. Our results confirm the high prevalence of agenetic canines in DS (21 canines, 14%). We found specific effects on the distribution both of phenotype and of location (jaw). In subjects with a mild expression of hypodontia (phenotype nonoligodontia) agenetic canines primarily occurred in the mandibula, whereas in subjects with severe hypodontia (phenotype oligodontia) agenetic canines virtually only occurred in the maxilla. In both phenotypes cooccurrence of an agenetic lateral incisor with an agenetic canine was observed in the maxilla. It was striking that canine agenesis in the mandibula did not cooccur with agenesis of other teeth. These results can be important for treatment planning.

To survey retention procedures used in orthodontic practices in Switzerland.A questionnaire previously developed by Renkema et al. (2009) was sent to 223 Swiss orthodontists. The questionnaire comprised six parts, mainly containing multiple-choice questions. Information as to background education of the individual orthodontist, retention in general, frequency of different types of removable or bonded retainers that were used, retention pro- tocol, and the type and size of the wire used for bonded retainers was assessed.The overall response rate was 65 percent. Most orthodontists placed a bonded retainer in the upper and lower arch, except when the upper arch was expanded during treatment or when extractions were performed in the upper arch, in which case they placed a combination of fixed and removable retainers. Opinions varied with regard to how many hours the removable retainers should be worn and the duration of the retention phase. As far as bonded retainers were concerned, 87 percent of the orthodontists preferred life-long retention. Ninety-three percent of the orthodontists considered that the development of a guide- line on retention procedures would be useful.The choice of retention procedures is mostly based on orthodontists personal preference. A further research into the long-term effectiveness of individual retention protocols is needed.

Dental agenesis may either occur as an isolated trait (non-syndromic) or as a component in a congenital syndrome. The aim of the present study was to identify the prevalence of dental agenesis for each type of tooth and to look for dental agenesis patterns in persons with Apert syndrome. Serial panoramic radiographs of 23 individuals (five male patients and 18 female patients) were examined. Third molars were excluded. The prevalence of agenesis for at least one tooth was 34.8%. Up to two missing teeth were found for individuals with Apert syndrome. Maxillary lateral incisors and mandibular second premolars were the most frequently missing teeth. Four different dental agenesis patterns of the entire dentition were identified by using the tooth agenesis code (TAC). Two patterns occurred more frequently, both of which were symmetrical. One involved the simultaneous absence of teeth 12 and 22, and the other showed agenesis of teeth 35 and 45. In conclusion, patients with Apert syndrome were found to exhibit a high prevalence of dental agenesis. All dental agenesis patterns in which more than one tooth was missing were symmetrical.

Item does not contain fulltext PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to explore the dental functional status of a Southern Vietnamese adult population using a new quantitative- and qualitative-based classification system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sample consisted of 2,809 dentate subjects aged =/> 20 years from urban and rural areas of Southern Vietnam. Dentitions were classified by a dichotomized five-level step-by-step branching hierarchy reflecting functionality. Cut-offs were as follows: level I (dentition level) = 1 tooth present in each arch, level II (arch level) = 10 teeth in each arch, level III (anterior region) = all 12 anterior teeth present, level IV (premolar region) = =/> 3 premolar posterior opposing pairs (POPs) present, and level V (molar region) = 1 molar POP bilaterally. RESULTS: Of the 2,809 subjects, 44% met all criteria for a functional dentition and 16% met none. Of subjects meeting level II, 81% had a complete anterior region, 74% had a sufficient premolar region, and 66% had a sufficient molar region. For subjects not meeting level II, these figures were 9%, 15%, and 8%, respectively. For patients meeting level II who were between 20 and 35 years of age, a mean 29.2 +/- 2.4 teeth and 7.9 +/- 2.1 POPs were present; subjects 65 years of age and older had a mean 25.6 +/- 3.2 teeth and 5.9 +/- 2.1 POPs. For patients not meeting level II, these numbers were 18.6 +/- 2.9 teeth and 3.1 +/- 1.8 POPs and 12.8 +/- 5.4 teeth and 0.9 +/- 1.4 POPs for 20- to 35-year-olds and those 65 years of age and older, respectively. Intraclass correlation coefficients for number of teeth and POPs showed fair to good group homogeneities. CONCLUSIONS: The World Health Organization goal of retaining at least 20 teeth throughout life is not achieved in Southern Vietnam; above the age of 44, less than 75% of subjects presented with 20 or more teeth. The presented classification system is a useful framework for mapping the functionality of dentitions by applying additional criteria for dental regions.

Item does not contain fulltext PURPOSE: The aim of this long-term follow-up study was to collect up to 17 years of survival data of endodontically treated single teeth with or without a prefabricated metal post. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Single teeth were provided with direct composite resin core-crown reconstructions with or without posts by 15 operators. Restorations consisted of either a prefabricated metal post and a composite core-crown reconstruction or a post-free direct composite reconstruction. Allocation of either restoration was performed by balanced drawing. These restorations were not covered by an artificial crown. The study sample consisted of 87 patients who received 98 core-crown reconstructions. The performance of the restorations was evaluated based on data collected from the files of the clinicians currently monitoring the oral health of the patients. The survival probability was analyzed at different levels: on the restoration level and on the level of the tooth carrying the restoration. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to compare survival probabilities. RESULTS: Post placement showed no influence on the survival probability at either level (P > .05). The estimated overall survival rate at 17 years was 53% +/- 14% at the restoration level and 79% +/- 11% at the tooth level. CONCLUSION: The results of this long-term follow-up study showed no difference in survival probabilities between different direct composite resin core-crown reconstructions of endodontically treated single teeth (with or without a post).

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Contains fulltext : 50874.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) PURPOSE: To investigate the influence of composite resin consistency and placement technique on proximal contact tightness of Class II composite resin restorations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A manikin model (KaVo Dental) was used with an artificial first molar in which a standardized MO preparation was ground. This preparation was duplicated 360 times. Cavities were restored using Clearfil Photo Bond (Kuraray) combined with one of three composite resins of different consistencies: a low-viscosity (X-Flow, Dentsply), a medium-viscosity (Clearfil AP-X, Kuraray) and a high-viscosity composite (Tetric Ceram HB, Ivoclar Vivadent). Each composite was combined with 6 different matrix systems and separation techniques (n = 20). Groups 1 and 2: precontoured metal circumferential matrix (KerrHawe 1101-c) in a Tofflemire retainer combined either with hand instrument (OptraContact, Ivoclar Vivadent) or separation ring (Composi-Tight Gold, Garrison Dental Solutions). Group 3: pre-contoured metal sectional matrix (Lite-Flex, Danville Materials) with separation ring. Groups 4 and 5: pre-contoured metal circumferential dead-soft matrix (Adapt SuperCap, KerrHawe) with or without separation ring. Group 6: flat metal circumferential matrix (OptraMatrix, Ivoclar Vivadent) in a Tofflemire-retainer with hand instrument (OptraContact). Proximal contact tightness was measured using the Tooth Pressure Meter (University of Technology, Delft). To determine the effect of experimental variables on the proximal contact tightness, a multiple linear regression model was constructed. RESULTS: Measurements in group 6 were not possible; therefore, this group was excluded. The use of medium- or high-viscosity instead of a low-viscosity composite resin resulted in statistically significantly tighter proximal contacts (p < 0.01). The use of a separation ring resulted in a large, statistically significant increase (p < 0.001) in contact tightness, while the use of a hand instrument resulted in a small, statistically significant increase of contact tightness (p = 0.017). No statistically significant differences were found when a dead-soft matrix or a sectional matrix was used instead of a Tofflemire (p = 0.159, p = 0.261, resp.). CONCLUSION: Use of a separation ring when restoring a Class II composite resin restoration has a greater influence on the obtained proximal contact tightness compared to the influence of the consistency of the composite resin.

In this in vitro study, voids inside a minimal occlusal restoration using different consistencies of resin composite and various application techniques were investigated. One hundred and fifty-two simulated, minimally invasive preparations, including a prepared fissure and an excavated carious dentin lesion, were ground in perspex blocks. After applying an acrylic primer (Artglass Connector, Kulzer), the preparations were restored with the adhesive PhotoBond (Kuraray) and one of three resin composites: a packable composite (Prodigy Condensable-Kerr), a syringable composite (Clearfil Photo Posterior, Kuraray) and a flowable composite (Revolution, Kerr). The restorations were inserted according to eight protocols (n = 19). In three groups, the composite was placed in bulk. In another three groups, a layer of flowable composite was placed first, then cured, followed by a second layer of one of the three composites. In two groups, the first layer of flowable composite was left uncured before a second layer of a packable or syringable composite was inserted. The perspex blocks were sectioned and inspected for the presence of voids. Statistical analysis was conducted using Fischer's exact tests at p0.05. The results showed that restoring minimal preparations in the absence of porosities and voids was very difficult to achieve. Placing a layer of flowable composite that was left uncured, directly followed by injecting a medium-viscous composite, was the technique that resulted in the most homogeneous restoration.

To detetmine the damage to adjacent tooth surfaces and the quality of the marginal seal of a resin-based composite restoration when a sonic preparation device (Sonicsys) was used to finish the preparation outline.Three general practitioners prepared 60 Class II box-type cavities in extracted teeth placed in an artificial jaw in a phantom-head. In 30 preparations a bevel was made with a bur, in the other 30 restorations the margins were finished using the sonic preparation device. All preparations were restored with a total-etch technique and a posterior composite (SA primer-Photo Bond-Clearfil PhotoPosterior). Microleakage was tested and the adjacent teeth were inspected for iatrogenic damage.No statistically significant differences in microleakage were observed between the experimental and control groups. In the control group, 80% of the approximal surfaces of adjacent teeth were damaged while only 30% of the adjacent surfaces were damaged in the experimental group (P0.05, Chi-square test).

Item does not contain fulltext PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate data on the prevalence of tooth wear in adults and assess possible correlations using a systematic review. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A search of the literature, using PubMed and the Cochrane Library, from January 1980 to July 2007 was made using keywords "tooth + wear"; "dental + attrition + prevalence"; "dental + wear + prevalence"; "erosion + prevalence"; and "abrasion + prevalence". References were independently screened for inclusion and exclusion by two investigators and Cohen Kappa was used as the measure of agreement. Data were collected and converted into the Smith and Knight Tooth Wear Index. RESULTS: One hundred eighty-six references were initially selected and subjected to the systematic review procedure; 13 survived the inclusion procedure. Four articles were suitable for regression analysis at tooth level (R2 = .593) and 3 at subject level (R2 = .736), using "age and age squared" and "age squared" as variables, respectively. Six studies reported males having significantly more tooth wear than females. CONCLUSION: The predicted percentage of adults presenting with severe tooth wear increases from 3% at the age of 20 years to 17% at the age of 70 years. Increasing levels of tooth wear are significantly associated with age.

Item does not contain fulltext Summary Objective: To survey retention procedures used in orthodontic practices in Switzerland. Material and methods: A questionnaire previously developed by Renkema et al. (2009) was sent to 223 Swiss orthodontists. The questionnaire com- prised six parts, mainly containing multiple-choice questions. Information as to background educa- tion of the individual orthodontist, retention in general, frequency of different types of removable or bonded retainers that were used, retention pro- tocol, and the type and size of the wire used for bonded retainers was assessed. Results: The overall response rate was 65 percent. Most orthodontists placed a bonded retainer in the upper and lower arch, except when the upper arch was expanded during treatment or when extractions were performed in the upper arch, in which case they placed a combination of fixed and removable retainers. Opinions varied with regard to how many hours the removable retainers should be worn and the duration of the retention phase. As far as bonded retainers were concerned, 87 percent of the orthodontists preferred life-long retention. Ninety-three percent of the orthodon- tists considered that the development of a guide- line on retention procedures would be useful. Conclusions: The choice of retention procedures is mostly based on orthodontists personal pref- erence. A further research into the long-term effectiveness of individual retention protocols is needed.

Item does not contain fulltext In this in vitro study, voids inside a minimal occlusal restoration using different consistencies of resin composite and various application techniques were investigated. One hundred and fifty-two simulated, minimally invasive preparations, including a prepared fissure and an excavated carious dentin lesion, were ground in perspex blocks. After applying an acrylic primer (Artglass Connector, Kulzer), the preparations were restored with the adhesive PhotoBond (Kuraray) and one of three resin composites: a packable composite (Prodigy Condensable-Kerr), a syringable composite (Clearfil Photo Posterior, Kuraray) and a flowable composite (Revolution, Kerr). The restorations were inserted according to eight protocols (n = 19). In three groups, the composite was placed in bulk. In another three groups, a layer of flowable composite was placed first, then cured, followed by a second layer of one of the three composites. In two groups, the first layer of flowable composite was left uncured before a second layer of a packable or syringable composite was inserted. The perspex blocks were sectioned and inspected for the presence of voids. Statistical analysis was conducted using Fischer's exact tests at p < 0.05. The results showed that restoring minimal preparations in the absence of porosities and voids was very difficult to achieve. Placing a layer of flowable composite that was left uncured, directly followed by injecting a medium-viscous composite, was the technique that resulted in the most homogeneous restoration.

Item does not contain fulltext OBJECTIVES: To establish the effects of the 1995 insurance system reform on dental utilisation. STUDY DESIGN: Four categories of patients experiencing homogeneous insurance changes - public/private insurance with and without additional private dental insurance--were analysed. The reform was hypothesised to increase dental expenditure for the Sickfund with (S+), and privately insured with (P+) and without (P-) additional dental insurance. Sickfund insured without additional dental insurance (S-) were not expected to change dental expenditure. Volume effects were also hypothesised per insurance group. These eight hypotheses were tested using longitudinal dental utilisation data of regularly attending adult dental patients: 91 general dental practitioners provided 803 utilisation records. RESULTS: The expected increase by S+ of dental expenditure was corroborated by the results. The three other hypotheses regarding dental expenditure were not supported by the results. The hypotheses regarding volume of dental services were partially supported. The S+ significantly increased their uptake of crowns. The S- showed constant uptake of crowns, endodontics and extractions as expected. The results for P+ and P- showed the constant uptake of restorations. The P+ group also showed the hypothesised significant increase in endodontics. CONCLUSIONS: Having additional dental insurance did not seem to influence the use of dental care in this population of regular attending adult patients. The basic health insurance (Sickfund or private) seemed to have an effect on dental utilisation. The results indicate an association of (expected) treatment need and the application for additional dental insurance.