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Ocena funkcji nerek jest jednym z kluczowych laboratoryjnych elementów określających stan ogólny pacjenta, bez względu na rozpoznanie chorobowe. Stężenie kreatyniny w surowicy jest zazwyczaj wstępnym badaniem oceniającym stan tego narządu. W oparciu o jego wynik wylicza się szacunkową filtrację kłębuszkową (estimated glomelural filtration rate, eGFR), będącą podstawą m.in. do ustalenia dawki środków kontrastowych wykorzystywanych w badaniach obrazowych. Badaniami, które w bardziej adekwatny sposób oceniają przesączanie kłębuszkowe, są tzw. klirensy. Należy jednak mieć świadomość, że żadne z dotychczas oferowanych badań nie jest pozbawione wad. Niniejsza praca stanowi przegląd dostępnej literatury na temat metod oceny funkcji nerek i ich użyteczności klinicznej ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem przydatności w diagnostyce obrazowej oraz u pacjentów przyjmujących leki przeciwkrzepliwe.

The present review gathers together the most important information about variability in clusterin molecular structure, its profile, and the degree of glycosylation occurring in human tissues and body fluids in the context of the utility of these characteristics as potential diagnostic biomarkers of selected pathophysiological conditions. The carbohydrate part of clusterin plays a crucial role in many biological processes such as endocytosis and apoptosis. Many pathologies associated with neurodegeneration, carcinogenesis, metabolic diseases, and civilizational diseases (e.g., cardiovascular incidents and male infertility) have been described as causes of homeostasis disturbance, in which the glycan part of clusterin plays a very important role. The results of the discussed studies suggest that glycoproteomic analysis of clusterin may help differentiate the severity of hippocampal atrophy, detect the causes of infertility with an immune background, and monitor the development of cancer. Understanding the mechanism of clusterin (CLU) action and its binding epitopes may enable to indicate new therapeutic goals. The carbohydrate part of clusterin is considered necessary to maintain its proper molecular conformation, structural stability, and proper systemic and/or local biological activity. Taking into account the wide spectrum of CLU action and its participation in many processes in the human body, further studies on clusterin glycosylation variability are needed to better understand the molecular mechanisms of many pathophysiological conditions. They can also provide the opportunity to find new biomarkers and enrich the panel of diagnostic parameters for diseases that still pose a challenge for modern medicine.

Propane to propene oxide (PO) oxidation over V-containing mesoporous silica of SBA-3 structure has been studied using different oxidants (nitrous oxide, oxygen, and their mixture) in the temperature range 673–773 K. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), as well as X-ray diffraction, temperature-programmed reduction with hydrogen (H2 TPR), and low-temperature N2 adsorption/desorption, were applied for characterization of fresh and spent catalysts. XPS spectra and H2 TPR profiles revealed a significant reduction of V-species as a result of propane oxidation with N2O alone, which leads to a decrease in both propane conversion and the space–time yield (STY) of PO. The use of an N2O–oxygen mixture as an oxidant of propane allows the vanadium valence to be stabilized at a level similar to the initial sample, which results in stable activity with time on stream. Propane conversion of 40%, propylene selectivity of 45%, and propylene oxide selectivity of 11%, corresponding to a STY of propylene oxide of about 15 g kgcat-1h−1, have been obtained, which makes these results very promising compared with the data reported in the literature. Vanadium catalyst used with only oxygen results in stable propane conversion with high total oxidation and stable propene selectivity, although the STY of PO is 10 times lower. N2O applied as the only oxidant results in rapid catalyst deactivation, and after 2 h on stream, STY of PO is only 2.5 g kgcat-1h−1.

Microporous 12-ring zeolite Beta was impregnated with palladium and evaluated in the cracking of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) cracking. In addition to the catalytic measurements the materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, chemical analysis and nitrogen adsorption, electron microscopy, and FT infrared spectroscopic studies pyridine and CO adsorption. In addition to TGA catalytic studies, the operando IR studies were furthermore performed to follow the aromatic species formation. Deposition of palladium on microporous zeolite BEA improved the catalytic activity and selectivity towards C2-C4 fraction.

Improving mass transport in zeolites Beta by bottom-up hierarchization was aimed at preserving their native microporous acidic characteristic and finally demonstrating their applicability in LDPE catalytic pyrolysis, in contrast to top-down modified analogues.

Pure siliceous and aluminosilicate mesoporous molecular sieves of SBA-3 type were used as supports for nickel catalysts obtained via wet impregnation (1 wt.%). Characterization of obtained materials was performed by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), low-temperature nitrogen adsorption/desorption (BET), temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia (TPD-NH3), hydrogen chemisorption measurements and temperature-programmed reduction with hydrogen (TPR-H2). The effect of nickel precursor (nickel nitrate or nickel acetate) and chemical composition of support (SBA-3 and AlSBA-3) on catalytic activity of prepared materials in toluene hydrogenation was studied. It was found that the catalysts obtained using nickel nitrate showed better preserved mesoporous structure with higher dispersion of Ni particles than catalysts obtained from nickel acetate. The use of AlSBA-3 as a support causes the formation of Ni particles with lower dispersion in comparison to the catalysts supported on SBA-3. The activity of nickel catalysts supported on the AlSBA-3 (especially the catalyst obtained using nickel nitrate) for toluene hydrogenation was higher than that of the catalyst supported on SBA-3 despite the lower Ni dispersion. The obtained results bring to conclusion that catalytic activity for toluene hydrogenation is significantly influenced by textural and chemical properties of the support.

This paper investigates the catalytic properties of SBA-3 and SBA-15 supported iridium catalysts. The produced catalysts (1 wt.% Ir) were tested for their performance in hydrogenation of toluene and the selective nitro group hydrogenation of ortho-chloronitrobenzene (o-CNB) to ortho-chloroaniline (o-CAN) using in-situ generated hydrogen from the aqueous-phase reforming (APR) of methanol. The obtained results were compared with the hydrogenation performance of iridium catalysts supported on the most widely used supports such as alumina and silica. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, BET, TPR-H2, H2 chemisorption, XPS and TEM techniques. The highest activities were observed in the case of the iridium catalysts supported on ordered mesoporous silica, both in hydrogenation of toluene and o-chloronitrobenzene. The catalytic activity of iridium supported on SBA-3 was much higher than that of Ir supported on the commonly used supports such as Al2O3 or SiO2.

V-containing mesoporous silica with 3D structure was prepared by a hydrothermal procedure using NH4VO3 as the vanadium precursor and with varied reaction mixture pH values (pH = 3 and pH = 5). The combined use of DR UV-vis and H2-TPR techniques confirmed the successful incorporation of vanadium into the structure of the mesoporous silica material. The number of acid sites, evidenced by ammonia TPD, strongly correlates with the vanadium content. Propene oxidation with N2O revealed the noticeable activity of the synthesised vanadium-containing mesoporous materials in epoxidation reactions. The activity of the synthesized vanadosilicates is compared with the performance of vanadium-supported catalysts (on mesoporous silica of 3D structures) prepared by wet-impregnation method. On the basis of TOF analysis indicating the activity of particular vanadium ions, it was evidenced that although the presence of isolated V species is crucial in propene epoxidation, the availability of the active species is of paramount importance for proper vanadium utilization.

The aim of our work was the synthesis of ZnO nano- and microparticles and to study the effect of shapes and sizes on cytotoxicity towards normal and cancer cells and antibacterial activity toward two kinds of bacteria. We fabricated ZnO nano- and microparticles through facile chemical and physical routes. The crystal structure, morphology, textural properties, photoluminescent properties were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, electron microscopies, nitrogen adsorption/desorption measurements, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The obtained ZnO structures were highly crystalline and monodispersed with intensive green emission. ZnO nanoparticles and nanorods showed the strongest antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus compared to microparticles due to their high surface area. However, the ZnO hierarchical particles at higher concentrations also strongly inhibited bacterial growth. S. aureus strain was more sensitive to ZnO particles than the E. coli. Nanoparticles and nanorods were more harmful to cancer cell lines than to normal ones at the same concentration.

Novel multifunctional ZnO:Gd@ZIF-8 hybrid inorganic-organic nanocomposites with tunable luminescent-magnetic performance were successfully fabricated using wet chemistry synthesis routes. Physico-chemical characterization including crystal structure, phase compositions, morphology, surface properties, as well as photoluminescent and magnetic characteristics was performed using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), FT-IR analysis, transmission and scanning electron microscopies (TEM/SEM), N

In the seminal plasma (n = 118) and serum (n = 90) clusterin (CLU) the fucosylation and the expression of selected fucosyltransferases (FUTs) were analyzed. Samples from infertile men were divided into groups based on the results of the standard semen analysis: normozoospermic (N), teratozoospermic (T), asthenoteratozoospermic (AT) and oligoasthenoteratozoospermic (OAT). The CLU fucosylation was analyzed using lectin-ELISAs with biotinylated lectins specific to α1,3-, α1,2-linked antennary fucose, and α1,6-linked core fucose (LTA, UEA, and LCA, respectively). The concentrations of FUT3 and FUT4, reflecting the expression of Le oligosaccharide structures, were measured using ELISA tests. The differences in serum CLU and FUT4 concentrations, and in the expression of core fucose and antennary fucose α1,2-linked in CLU glycans between the N group and other groups examined suggest that the disturbances in sperm count, motility, and morphology are not the only cause of male infertility. Lack of similarities between levels of examined parameters in blood serum and seminal plasma may suggest the differences in mechanisms leading to glycoproteins glycosylation. It confirmed the observed differences in concentrations of seminal plasma CLU, FUT3, and FUT4 between the OAT group and N, T, AT groups, indicating that decreased sperm count may be related to these parameters expression. The serum CLU concentrations and expression of core fucose and fucose α1,2-linked in CLU, seem to be good markers differentiating normozoospermic men from those with abnormal sperm parameters, which was not observed for seminal plasma.

The modification of commercial silica with solutions of NH4F or NH4Cl salts, followed by thermal treatment, enabled generation of the acidic sites in SiO2 and changed its textural properties. The use of ammonium salts solution also caused the generation of additional porosity. Using NH4F solution caused significant decrease in the specific surface area and the increase in the average pore diameter. The number and strength of resulting acid sites depend on the nature of anion in the applied ammonium salt and the concentration of salt solution. It has been found that the sample treated with NH4F presented higher total acidity (TPD–NH3) and the amount as well as the strength of acid sites increased with the concentration of the used modifier. As modified amorphous SiO2 materials used as a support for iridium (1 wt %, Ir(acac)3) nanoparticles permitted to obtain highly active catalysts for toluene hydrogenation under atmospheric pressure. The highest activity (expressed as the apparent rate and TOF) was obtained for iridium catalysts supported on silica modified by NH4F with the highest acidity. The modification of silica with NH4F favors the generation of centers able to adsorb toluene, which results in higher activity of this catalyst.

In this study, GNF@ZnO composites (gelatin nanofibers (GNF) with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs)) as a novel antibacterial agent were obtained using a wet chemistry approach. The physicochemical characterization of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) and GNF@ZnO composites, as well as the evaluation of their antibacterial activity toward Gram-positive (Staphyloccocus aureus and Bacillus pumilus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas fluorescens) bacteria were performed. ZnO NPs were synthesized using a facile sol-gel approach. Gelatin nanofibers (GNF) were obtained by an electrospinning technique. GNF@ZnO composites were obtained by adding previously produced GNF into a Zn2+ methanol solution during ZnO NPs synthesis. Crystal structure, phase, and elemental compositions, morphology, as well as photoluminescent properties of pristine ZnO NPs, pristine GNF, and GNF@ZnO composites were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), FTIR analysis, transmission and scanning electron microscopies (TEM/SEM), and photoluminescence spectroscopy. SEM, EDX, as well as FTIR analyses, confirmed the adsorption of ZnO NPs on the GNF surface. The pristine ZnO NPs were highly crystalline and monodispersed with a size of approximately 7 nm and had a high surface area (83 m2/g). The thickness of the pristine gelatin nanofiber was around 1 &micro, m. The antibacterial properties of GNF@ZnO composites were investigated by a disk diffusion assay on agar plates. Results show that both pristine ZnO NPs and their GNF-based composites have the strongest antibacterial properties against Pseudomonas fluorescence and Staphylococcus aureus, with the zone of inhibition above 10 mm. Right behind them is Escherichia coli with slightly less inhibition of bacterial growth. These properties of GNF@ZnO composites suggest their suitability for a range of antimicrobial uses, such as in the food industry or in biomedical applications.

Male infertility is becoming a rapidly growing problem around the world, mainly in the highly developed countries. Seminal proteome composition seems to be one of the crucial factors of the proper course of fertilization - clusterin (CLU) is among the most important ones. CLU, as one of the crucial seminal plasma glycoproteins, plays a very important role in sperm capacitation and immune tolerance in the female reproductive tract. CLU is also known as a sensitive marker of oxidative stress. It has six n-glycosylation sites and also exhibits chaperone activity. An analysis of changes in the profile and degree of CLU glycosylation may shed some new light on the molecular mechanisms of the fertilization process and may be used as an additional diagnostic marker of male fertility. This study constitutes a review of the recently available literature concerning human seminal CLU, including changes in its glycosylation, analyzed in the context of human reproduction.

The inert SiO 2 was modified with basic or slightly acidic aqueous solutions of ammonium compounds in order to impact acidic properties to its surface. The obtained silica samples were used as supports for iridium catalysts (1 wt%). The influence of the support acidity on the activity of iridium catalyst for toluene hydrogenation was examined. The acidity of the modified SiO 2 was estimated by means of temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia (NH 3 -TPD) and FT-IR spectra of adsorbed pyridine. It has been found that the sample treated with the basic solution had a higher total acidity, however, the sample modified with the acidic solution had a higher contribution of strong Lewis acid sites. The acidic solution-treated sample had also a higher number of silanol groups compared to the parent SiO 2 (FT-IR data). The activity of iridium catalysts supported on the modified samples (particularly that on the acidic solution-treated SiO 2 ) for toluene hydrogenation was higher than that of the catalyst supported on unmodified SiO 2 . The obtained results bring to conclusion that catalytic activity for toluene hydrogenation is influenced by the contribution of strong Lewis acid sites and the content of silanol groups rather than by total acidity.

Muzealnictwo: nowoczesne technologie w sluzbie historii. Cześc pierwsza: Kopalne DNA – historia odkryc, perspektywy i problemy

Muzealnictwo: nowoczesne technologie w sluzbie historii. Cześc druga: Mokre preparaty muzealne jako źrodlo nowych informacji o przeszlości

Mesoporous silica was prepared with the use of low-cost and environmentally friendly sucrose as a porogeneous agent. It was found that the presence of sucrose as well as the products of its chemical transformation upon the synthesis procedure (i.e., furfural polymer) affected markedly the structure and morphology of the resulting porous silica. The influences of the sucrose content and the source of the silicon as well as the synthesis conditions (pH, temperature) were very significant. The samples obtained in an acidic medium of the initial mixture formed from TEOS and treated at room temperature gave rise to products with a high surface area and narrow pore size distribution. Despite the lack of pore ordering, their catalytic activity in propene epoxidation after vanadium modification was remarkable in comparison to the activity of the vanadium catalyst supported on ordered mesoporous materials.

Post-synthesis modification of silicalite-1 (MFI) with solutions of ammonium compounds (NH4F, NH4Cl, NH4NO3, NH4OH) without any additional alkaline agent followed by further thermal treatment appeared a new, facile, and cheap method to generate the acidic sites in starting material. The number and strength of resulting acid sites depend on the nature of anion in the applied ammonium salt. Used procedure resulted in partial removal of external silanol groups and in the formation of acidic internal isolated as well as hydrogen bonded OH groups (e.g. silanol nests). The novel acidic sites show a high catalytic activity for acetalization of glycerol with acetone and high selectivity towards 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol (solketal). The modified silicalite-1 indicates also high stability with time on stream. The proposed reaction mechanism considers a combined contribution of both Lewis and very weak Bronsted acid sites.

V-containing silica SBA-3 mesoporous catalysts were prepared by means of one-pot hydrothermal procedure with NH4VO3 or VOSO4 as vanadium precursors under various acidic medium of the reaction mixture (pH 5 wt%) exhibited the presence of isolated vanadium and also of polynuclear surface species. The resulting V-bearing samples contain the Bronsted and Lewis acidic centres evidenced by FTIR spectra of adsorbed pyridine and by catalytic activity for 2-propanol decomposition and cumene cracking. Ammonia TPD allowed to estimate the number and strength of acid sites in regards to the vanadium content. Propene oxidation with N2O revealed noticeable activity of the synthesised V-SBA-3 samples in epoxidation reaction. On the basis of TOF analysis indicating the activity of particular vanadium ions it seems that not all of the introduced V atoms take part in the formation of mild electrophilic oxygen species responsible for propene oxide formation.

ZnO:Tb3+ hierarchical structures (HS) were synthesized via efficient and facile template-free wet chemistry methods - precipitation and solvothermal ones. Obtained Tb3+-doped HS were functionalized by organosilicon compounds (OSC) for use it as a drug carrier to loading of the doxorubicin (Dox). X-Ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrum (EDS), UV, photoluminescence (PL) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopies, nitrogen adsorption/desorption (BET), and cytotoxicity tests were employed to characterize the obtained ZnO and ZnO:Tb3+ HS. Results showed that proposed approach allows to obtain highly crystalline microspheres composed of nanosheets. XRD analysis of the obtained samples showed presence of two-phased system: ZnO and Tb(OH)3. SEM results demonstrated that obtained ZnO:Tb3+ HS have flower-like spherical shape with mean size approximately 4 μm. The Tb3+-doping do not change the original morphology of ZnO HS. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) measurements showed that unique morphology allowed to obtain surface area of ZnO/ZnO:Tb3+ HS in range of 5 ÷ 13 m2g-1. ZnO and ZnO:Tb3+ HS showed high drug loading and low cytotoxicity.

AlSBA-3 mesostructured materials with different Si/Al ratios were directly synthesized for the first time. The influence of the synthesis medium (different pH of synthesis mixture) and aluminium source on the efficiency of aluminium incorporation was studied. The increase in pH of reacting mixture allows to introduce much higher number of Al atoms, but on the other hand it causes worse ordering of the structure. The aluminium isopropoxide used as Al source leads to relatively high Al content in the final materials. The presence of Al in the framework positions is proved by 27 Al MAS NMR. The obtained materials show considerable catalytic activity for the acid-catalyzed reactions (dehydration of 2-propanol, cumene cracking).

The stannosilicates (MFI) containing either Sn(II) or Sn(IV) were prepared by means of hydrothermal crystallization. The high crystalline MFI structure was obtained for various Sn/Si ratios up to the value of 0.05, while the further increase in Sn loading resulted in amorphous products. The stannosilicates (II) showed some ion-exchange ability and could be modified with various cations (e.g. Cu2+ and H+). Their H-forms showed considerable activity in propan-2-ol dehydration, whereas the Sn(IV)-MFI were inactive in this reaction. Both series showed catalytic activity for 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol decomposition, but selectivity depended on valence of Sn and on kind of introduced cations (in the case of the Sn(II) series). In cyclohexene oxidation the samples Sn(IV)-MFI showed remarkable activity, contrary to the Sn(II) series. Nevertheless, the latter indicated some oxidation activity after modification with Cu2+ cations.

The attempts to synthesize the nitrogen bearing zeolite analogs have been conducted under conditions resembling hydrothermal synthesis of zeolite with SiCl4, AlCl3, AlN, or metallic Al, and NaNH2, as principal substrates. Ammonolysis of the substrates (mostly SiCl4) was always the first step of synthesis and yielded the amorphous, porous products showing very high surface area and well ordered mesopore system. Their further treatment with NaNH2 in liquid NH3 or in other aprotic solvents (i.e., crystallization) usually did not lead to crystalline, porous materials, whereas the porosity of the products declined markedly. The crystalline products have been obtained by ammonolysis of Al2(SiF6)3, but the product showed a low thermal stability.

The metallosilicalites (MFI) containing copper ([Cu,Si]), zinc ([Zn,Si]) or both elements ([Cu,Zn,Si]) were prepared and modified as potential catalysts for the NO reduction with propene. The H-[Cu,Si] samples showed the highest activity, which was initially comparable to that of Cu-ZSM-5, but contrary to the latter, it increased with time. The framework Cu or Cu released from the framework probably act as active sites.

The following study is a continuation of our research on spontaneous synthesis of sodium zincophosphate sodalite by a simple grinding of the substrate components ( e.g. , ZnCl 2 or Zn(NO 3 ) 2 , Na 2 HPO 4 , Na 2 CO 3 ). Rapid crystallization was used for the encapsulation of some substances (elemental sulphur, CdS, KBr, pyridine, hydroquinone) during sodalite structure formation. Attempts to increase the thermal stability of the resulting sodalite by adding some silicon or tin to the starting mixture brought about only a moderate improvement. The synthesis of potassium or ammonium derivatives of zincophosphate did not result in a sodalite structure.

Silicalite-1 samples were synthesized from gels of composition: 0.08 Na 2 O – 0.08 TPABr – 1 SiO 2 – 20 H 2 O (TPABr = tetrapropylammonium bromide) at 170 °C under autogeneous pressure during 24 h. The gels used without aging yielded large particles of ca. 15 μm, while the aged gel led to small particles of ca. 2 μm. The acidity of the samples was checked by FTIR of the silanol groups, by the IR spectra of adsorbed pyridine and by temperature programmed desorption of ammonia. The silanol groups were also identified by High Resolution Solid State 29 Si NMR spectroscopy. The samples not containing H-bonded silanol groups were not active either in the dehydration of propan-2-ol or the cumene cracking. The samples calcined and NH 4 + exchanged by NH 4 Cl either at pH = 5.5 or pH = 10.5 showed activity in the propan-2-ol dehydration, but not in cumene cracking. These samples contained acid sites of medium acid strength characterized by the H-bonded silanol groups. A second calcination of the samples was necessary in order to show some activity in cumene cracking. A ZSM-5 sample of Si/Al = 25 was synthesized and studied for the sake of comparison. A Silicalite-1 sample composed of small particles first calcined at 550 °C, then NH 4 + exchanged with NH 4 Cl at pH = 5.5 and finally calcined at 550 °C showed the highest activity (10–11%) in cumene cracking. A hypothesis could be advanced on the production of Lewis acid centers, to explain the catalytic activity of this sample.

The liquid-phase dehydration of 1-hexanol and 1-pentanol to di-n-hexyl ether (DNHE) and di-n-pentyl ether (DNPE), respectively, has been studied over H-ZSM-5, H-Beta, H-Y, and other zeolites at 160–200°C and 2.1 MPa. Among zeolites with a similar acid sites concentration, large pore H-Beta and H-Y show higher activity and selectivity to ethers than those with medium pores, although activity of H-ZSM-5 (particularly in 1-pentanol) is also noticeable. Increased Si/Al ratio in H-Y zeolites results in lower conversion of pentanol due to reduced acid site number and in enhanced selectivity to ether. Selectivity to DNPE is always higher than to DNHE

The MOFs materials containing copper, zinc or both metals together combined with benzenetricarboxilate linkers have been prepared in solvothermal process and characterized. The products were tested as catalysts for low temperature oxidation of cyclohexene. They showed considerable activity and selectivity which depended markedly on kind of metal contributing in the structure. The samples containing copper and zinc together are more active than that with the only copper, whereas the latter one shows higher selectivity to cyclohexenone.

Zeolites (mostly faujasites) with adsorbed terpenes or phenol derivatives have been applied as effective oxygen scavengers of oxygen in packing bags. Their efficiency depends on type of zeolite and on cation modification. Na- and Cu-forms of zeolites X and Y accelerate the oxidation of terpenes greatly, whereas the H-forms retard the reaction with oxygen. The reactivity of phenol derivatives with oxygen is also affected by the zeolite support markedly. Although the reactivity of phenols does not increase after adsorption on zeolites, the oxidation products remain adsorbed and do not affect the packing system.

The zincosilicalites (MFI) with Si/Zn=100 have been prepared from, sodium silicate and sodium zincate. Various acids were used for reducing the alkalinity of the starting mixture (to the pH value of 11) in order to form the initial gel. The anions introduced with acids affected the crystallization as well as the properties of the resulting zincosilicates. The samples prepared with phosphates and sulfates showed the highest crystallinity, whereas the presence of HCl or acidic acid hindered forming a zeolite structure. The samples modified with various cations or with dispersed platinum showed a considerable catalytic activity in following reactions: propan-2-ol decomposition, cumene cracking, 1-butene isomerization, propan-2-ol oxidation, thiophene hydrodesulfurization. The samples synthesized in the presence of phosphates showed always the highest activity.

Zincosilicates of MFI structure with various Zn/Si ratio were prepared by crystallization of the initial gel formed by mixing of water glass, sodium zincate and tetrapropylammonium bromide (TPABr) as a template. The samples with Si/Zn ratio up to 30 show high crystallinity. The products were modified with various cations including protons. The samples show considerable activity and selectivity for conversion of propane and cyclohexane. The activity increases with raising zinc content, although the highest Zn loading results in diminished activity because of lower crystallinity. The acidity of the samples plays a beneficial role in their catalytic activity.