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Teza/cel – badanie miało trzy cele: 1) stworzenie mapy pól i ob- szarów badawczych bibliologii i informatologii eksplorowanych przez badaczy identyfikujących się jako bibliolodzy i/lub informatolodzy; 2) poznanie nowych pól i obszarów badawczych, m.in. będących rezultatem przynależności badacza do nauk o komunikacji społecznej i mediach lub do innej dyscypliny naukowej; 3) poznanie najistotniejszych aktualnych problemów badaczy. Metody badań – badanie ankietowe, analiza statystyczna; dane pozyskano z kwestionariuszy an- kiety oraz z dostępnych źródeł otwartych. Wyniki – na mapie pól i obszarów badawczych bibliologii i informatologii dominują: bibliologia historyczna, orga- nizacja i zarządzanie informacją i wiedzą oraz zachowania użytkowników infor- macji i mediów. Znacząca część zadeklarowanych nowych tematów badawczych nie wykazuje istotnego związku z pojawieniem się NoKSiM. Wśród problemów doświadczanych przez badaczy dominuje „wymuszona” przynależność do dys- cyplin innych niż NoKSiM oraz brak możliwości przeznaczenia wystarczającej ilości czasu na pracę stricte badawczą. Wnioski – niezbędne jest podjęcie refleksji nad osobliwością badań bibliologicznych i informatologicznych w nowych re- aliach organizacji nauki, nad ich przyszłością i programem badawczym.

Wstęp Rozpowszechnienie szczepów Enterobacterales oraz pałeczek niefermentujących w środowisku szpitalnym stanowi coraz większe wyzwanie dla klinicystów zajmujących się zakażeniami szpitalnymi na całym świecie. Monitorowanie lekowrażliwości drobnoustrojów oraz poszukiwanie nowych opcji terapeutycznych pomagają zapobiegać zakażeniom, szczególnie wywoływanym przez bakterie wielolekooporne (MDR). Cel Celem badania była ocena aktywności in vitro ceftazydymu z awibaktamem oraz innych leków przeciwdrobnoustrojowych stosowanych wobec szczepów Enterobacterales i Pseudomonas aeruginosa, wyizolowanych w populacji osób dorosłych i dzieci w 2020 r. w Polsce. Dodatkowo porównano wrażliwość szczepów izolowanych w latach 2015–2019 oraz w 2020 r. Materiał i metody Analizowane dane uzyskano w ramach programu ATLAS, zgodnie z wytycznymi projektu. Badany materiał pochodził od pacjentów z czterech ośrodków w Polsce, które brały udział w programie ATLAS w 2020 r. Do badania włączono 512 szczepów pałeczek Gram-ujemnych, w tym 367 Enterobacterales oraz 145 izolatów P. aeruginosa. Wyniki Ogółem 98,6% badanych szczepów Enterobacterales oraz 89,0% P. aeruginosa było wrażliwych na ceftazydym z awibaktamem. Odsetek izolatów MDR wrażliwych na ceftazydym z awibaktamem pozostał bardzo wysoki i wynosił 97,3% w przypadku Enterobacterales oraz 68,7% w przypadku P. aeruginosa. W 2020 r., w porównaniu do lat 2015–2019, odnotowano wzrost oporności bakterii na większość badanych antybiotyków stosowanych wobec Enterobacterales i P. aeruginosa. Spadek wrażliwości na ceftazydym z awibaktamem był jednym z najniższych spośród badanych antybiotyków. Wnioski Przedstawione dane ukazują, że ceftazydym z awibaktamem stanowi cenną opcję terapeutyczną, szczególnie w dobie narastania lekooporności na antybiotyki stosowane rutynowo w zakażeniach spowodowanych przez bakterie Gram-ujemne.

Teza/cel – dla badania określono dwa cele. Jednym z nich było opisanie deklaracji przynależności naukowców prowadzących do 2018 r. badania i/lub kształcenie w dyscyplinach, które współtworzą w Polsce nauki o komunikacji społecznej i mediach. Drugim – charakterystyka przedstawicieli nowej dyscypliny pod względem wybranych cech. Metody badań – badania ilościowe, analiza statystyczna, dane pozyskiwano z dostępnych źródeł otwartych. Wyniki – Najliczniej w nowej dyscyplinie reprezentowani są bibliolodzy i informatolodzy oraz dawni przedstawiciele nauk o polityce. Wnioski – proces formowania NoKSiM trwa, co wymaga dalszych badań nad rozwojem ilościowym i jakościowym nauk o komunikacji społecznej i mediach.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a detailed plan of research on the information architecture of digital library websites. Design/methodology/approach The research plan was prepared on the basis of a critical analysis of the scientific literature concerning the areas and criteria for the analysis and evaluation of the information architecture of digital resources. The evaluation criteria selected in individual areas of information architecture and the entire evaluation model were tested on the example of Europeana. The study proposes criteria for all areas of information architecture: service identity, organizational system, labeling system and navigation system. Findings The proposed research model containing areas and criteria for assessing usefulness from the point of view of information architecture may complement the methodology for assessing digital libraries. In a structured manner, it presents areas important for building good digital resources together with criteria for heuristic evaluation. This thesis is confirmed by a study conducted on the example of Europeana. Research limitations/implications For a more precise assessment of quality, you can add to the proposed criteria related to the information architecture the criteria proposed by Nielsen or other authors. These include, e.g. help users recognize, diagnose and recover from errors, result relevance, consistency of terminology and specific action conventions and an appropriate visual presentation. Practical implications The model can be used to assess the quality of websites of various digital libraries. Originality/value The methodology of assessing the quality of digital libraries is in the stage of formation and development. Such studies can apply evaluation criteria prepared to analyze all kinds of information systems and most of all web pages. At the beginning of the 21st century, concepts of using information architecture principles to design and evaluate digital libraries’ usability began to take shape. However, no detailed criteria for evaluating digital libraries based on the principles of information architecture have been presented.

Celem przedstawionego badania było opisanie skali obecności przedstawicieli nauk o komunikacji społecznej i mediach w największych międzynarodowych bazach, wyszukiwarkach i serwisach społecznościowych komunikacji naukowej: Academia.edu, Research Gate, Google Scholar, Scopus i Publons (Web of Science). Obecność tę opisano według kategorii takich jak: afiliacja badanych, tytuł/stopień naukowy, płeć, w oparciu o statystyczną analizę danych pozyskanych z ogólnodostępnych źródeł administracji naukowej. Stwierdzono, że największe grupy użytkowników rekrutują się spośród doktorów i doktorów habilitowanych, natomiast afiliacja (w tym przynależność do największych w kraju zespołów uczelnianych) nie jest tu czynnikiem znaczącym.

BACKGROUND Clinical cases have been reported with women who got pregnant with confirmed low serum anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) concentrations, thus demonstrating that low serum AMH concentration cut-points could be fairly specific for poor ovarian response (POR) to gonadotrophin stimulation, but not for pregnancy. That observation prompted the question whether serum AMH concentration accurately corresponded to the whole amount of AMH secreted by granulosa cells. OBJECTIVES To measure AMH levels in peritoneal fluid and their correlations with serum AMH concentrations. MATERIAL AND METHODS The reported study involved 48 female patients, aged 18-40 years, diagnosed with benign ovarian cysts and qualified for a laparoscopic cystectomy. Prior to surgery, the ovarian reserve was assessed using serum AMH concentration assay. The peritoneal fluid was also collected during the laparoscopy and AMH concentrations in peritoneal fluid were measured. RESULTS The AMH present in the peritoneal fluid strongly correlated with AMH levels in blood serum (r = 0.54; p < 0.001) and higher serum AMH concentrations corresponded to higher AMH concentrations in the peritoneal fluid. There was also a significant correlation between AMH levels in serum and in peritoneal fluid, collected from patients with endometrioma and other benign cysts (r = 0.61; p = 0.001 vs r = 0.43; p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS The AMH is present in the peritoneal fluid and its concentrations significantly correlate with AMH levels in serum. The assessment of AMH concentration in the peritoneal fluid may be a valuable complement to the evaluation of ovarian reserve and the diagnosis of infertility after adnexal surgery.

The direct effect of TSH on bone metabolism in vivo is difficult to capture as the changes of its concentrations are followed by respective alterations of thyroid hormone levels. We evaluated the effect of recombinant human TSH (rhTSH) on sclerostin and other bone markers in 29 patients after total thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), without any signs of disease recurrence, who received L-thyroxine, most at non-suppressive doses. For two consecutive days, the patients were administered a standard dose of 0.9 mg rhTSH, i.m. Concentrations of sclerostin, osteocalcin, β-CrossLaps, PTH, and some other parameters, were measured before and five days after the first rhTSH administration. The greater the increase in TSH concentration (∆TSH), the greater the decrease in: ∆sclerostin (r = −0.672, p &lt, 0.001), ∆β-CrossLaps (r = −0.580, 0.001) and ∆osteocalcin (r = −0.405, p = 0.029) levels, were recorded. The degree of TSH increase depended on the baseline PTH (r = 0.651, 0.001), age, and creatinine concentrations. rhTSH strongly inhibited bone turnover, thus, TSH—independently of thyroid hormones—exerted a direct protective effect on bone metabolism. Baseline PTH affected the magnitude of TSH increase and the degree of lowering in sclerostin and β-CrossLaps that suggest factors affecting PTH may play a role in the effect of TSH on the bone.

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to examine the role of ghrelin, obestatin, and glutamate and their receptors in the pathogenesis of children functional constipation. METHODS Children ages 4-17 were the subject of the study: 121 children with constipation (55 boys and 66 girls), 36 patients of the same age (26 boys and 10 girls) were the controls. Expression of ghrelin, obestatin, and glutamate receptors on gastric and colon specimens taken by endoscopy were assessed. The concentration of the above agents was estimated in serum by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test. RESULTS The lower median serum concentrations of ghrelin, in the constipated children than in controls were confirmed (1.9 ng/mL vs 2.6 ng/mL, P

Introduction/Background The gold standard of serum tumour markers to detect ovarian cancer is cancer antigen 125 (CA125), human epididimis protein-4 (HE-4) and risk of ovarian malignancy algorithm (ROMA). However there is still need to improve its accuracy. Cytokines play a crucial role in tumour growth and progression according to proangiogenic and immunosuppressive acting. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential use of serum levels of selected cytokines in preoperative diagnosing of adnexal mass. Methodology The study group consisted of 120 patients: 35 with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and 85 with benign ovarian tumours (24 teratomas, 27 endometriotic and 34 other epithelial). We measured in sera obtained preoperatively the level of CA125, HE-4 and the panel of 6 cytokines: interleukin (IL) 1β, 6, 8, 10, 12, tumour necrosis factor (TNF) using cytometric bead array (CBA) and one chemokine CXCL1/GRO-α by ELISA method. Results Serum levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and CXCL1/GRO-α were significantly higher in patients with ovarian cancer (2045 pg/ml; 208; 32; 356 pg/ml, respectively) than in women with benign ovarian tumours (17 pg/ml; 29; 16; 127 pg/ml, respectively). The similar pattern was present with standard ovarian cancer markers – CA125 (959 vs 43 U/ml) and HE-4 (534 vs 51 pmol/l). Other investigated cytokines had similar levels in all groups of patients. Analyzing the differences in the subgroups of women with benign ovarian tumours we didn’t observe any significant except CA125 and IL-8; they were slightly elevated in cases of endometriotic ovarian cysts. Conclusion Proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8), immunosuppressive (IL-10) and CXCL1/GRO-α were elevated in sera of EOC patients what points on their role in cancer development. Moreover, they might be useful in preoperative differential diagnosis of ovarian tumors, as a supplemental markers especially as they were not elevated in cases of endometriosis. Disclosures All authors report no conflict of interest.

Thesis/objective – the issue of evaluation of university mobile services has not been broadly explored, especially in Poland. Such research is worth conducting, as more and more users of library websites – students in particular – use mobile devices while searching required information. Mobile versions of university websites have not become very popular in Poland as of yet. Of the 10 largest university libraries of this kind, only 4 have a mobile version. The paper presents the evaluation of their quality and benchmarking with a view to identifying the best practices. Research method – the quality-heuristic method and benchmarking were used. The research questionnaire covered both the content as well as the functioning of the services. Results and conclusions – The service of the library of the University of Torun turned out to be the best; the remaining ones appeared to be a little less attractive mainly due to their limitations linked with information availability. None of the services, however, received the maximum score. Research results show the elements which still offer room for improvement.

PURPOSE/THESIS: The aim was to study information competencies of Polish students of library and information science (LIS), history and journalism with two aspects taken into consideration: students' belief regarding the importance (BIM) of a set of core information competencies, and their self-efficacy (SE) in this field. APPROACH/METHODS: The IL-HUMASS questionnaire, slightly modified, was used. It consists of 26 information literacy aspects divided into four areas: information retrieval, evaluation and processing, and communication skills. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The results reveal, on one hand, some common attitudes apparently associated with students' current life phase. On the other hand, some differences emerged that can be connected with the field and character of the study. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: The results enable a preliminary evaluation of information literacy of the students in different study fields, as well as the comparison of their attitudes and skills to those of the respondents of similar foreign projects.

Introduction Diagnosis of contrast induced-nephropathy (CIN) by a classic renal biomarker such as creatinine concentration can be delayed because of various factors that can influence this marker. Changes in new biomarkers such as neutrophil-gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) and cystatin C are postulated to be more sensitive for recognizing patients prone to CIN-acute kidney injury (AKI). Aim To investigate the role of NGAL and cystatin C as early biomarkers in the diagnosis of kidney injury after cardiac catheterisation. Material and methods The study group consisted of 50 patients with congenital heart malformation admitted for scheduled cardiac catheterisation. The biomarkers serum creatinine, serum NGAL and serum cystatin C were tested at 5 time-points sequentially from start to 48 h after the procedure. Results Significant changes were noted during the research in the serum creatinine concentration (p < 0.001) and serum NGAL concentration (p < 0.001). CIN-AKI, diagnosed by the modified Schwartz formula, occurred in 16 (32%) patients after 24 h and in 8 (16%) after 48 h. Subsequent analysis showed that serum creatinine significantly rose in the first 2 h of the study with simultaneous reduction in the eGFR. Maximum growth in serum NGAL occurred at 6 h after contrast administration and then returned to the baseline values at 24 h. Serum cystatin C level did not significantly change during the study. Conclusions We observed a transient decrease in eGFR and a rise of serum NGAL after 2 h but NGAL was most pronounced at 6 h after the procedure. The potential role of cystatin C as a biomarker of CIN-AKI was not proved.

CEL/TEZA: Zbadanie przekształceń zachodzących w cyfrowej infrastrukturze informacyjnej humanistyki, opracowanie jej modelu oraz ustalenie widocznego już obecnie i przewidywalnego wpływu tych zmian i kształtującego się modelu na praktyki badawcze i publikacyjne badaczy; zaproponowanie metodyki przyszłych badań nad cyfrową infrastrukturą informacyjną. KONCEPCJA/METODY BADAŃ: Pozyskanie i analiza danych dotyczących poszczególnych składników cyfrowej infrastruktury informacyjnej oraz danych o wykorzystywaniu tejże przez wybrane grupy humanistów. WYNIKI I WNIOSKI: Opracowano model cyfrowej infrastruktury informacyjnej humanistyki; wyróżniono parametry jej badania; wykazano związek pomiędzy wykorzystywaniem składników infrastruktury, a poziomem kompetencji informacyjnych i stanem świadomości informacyjnej; opisano aktualny stan wykorzystywania cyfrowej infrastruktury przez humanistów oraz opracowano mechanizmy jej potencjalnego wpływu na przyszłe praktyki badawcze humanistów. ORYGINALNOŚĆ/WARTOŚĆ POZNAWCZA: Opracowano oryginalny model cyfrowej infrastruktury informacyjnej oraz parametry do jej badania; wykazano potencjalne utrudnienia w takich badaniach oraz możliwy wpływ rozwoju infrastruktury na praktyki badawcze.

Introduction : Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic diseases that proceed with exacerbation and remission phases. Adhesion molecules play a significant role in inflammatory processes. The same adhesion molecules play an important role in atherogenesis. Aim : To assess the risk of atherosclerosis in IBD in children. Material and methods : The study included 40 patients with IBD (25 with Crohn’s disease – CD and 15 with ulcerative colitis – UC) aged 4–17 years. In the study group, concentrations of selected adhesion molecules (intracellular adhesion molecule – ICAM, vascular cell adhesion molecule – VCAM, E-selectin) and selected parameters of lipid metabolism in serum were assessed. Results : No statistically significant differences between CD and UC patients and in the control group, in mean values of selected adhesins were obtained. Average variable VCAM was significantly lower in patients with CD than in patients with UC in the active stage of the diseases. Significantly higher average levels of triglycerides (TG) and high density lipoproteins (HDL) were found in the control group than in patients with CD. Significantly higher levels of total cholesterol (CHL) and HDL were noticed in the control group patients than in the patients with UC. The HDL/CHL was significantly higher in controls than in patients with UC. Conclusions : No increased risk of developing atherosclerosis was found in children with IBD. Decreased risk in patients during exacerbation of inflammatory bowel disease was revealed, which may result from malnutrition typical for acute disease phase.

Background: Fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19), Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and Klotho are regulators of energy homeostasis. However, in the paediatric population the relationship between obesity, metabolic disorders and mentioned factors has not been clearly investigated. We analysed serum concentrations of FGF19, FGF21 and Klotho in children and adolescents with normal body weight as well as in overweight and obese subjects – and their associations with components of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance (IR).Methods: The cross-sectional study conducted in the group of hospitalised children and adolescents. Laboratory investigation included serum ELISA tests for FGF19, FGF21, Klotho as well as lipid profile and oral glucose tolerance test for calculation of the Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) index. The clinical analysis included blood pressure measurement, body fat percentage estimation and assessing the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components. Results: The study was conducted on 174 children/adolescents aged 6-17 years divided into the following groups: with normal body weight (N=48), with obesity (N=92) and overweight subjects (N=34). Klotho levels were significantly higher in the group of subjects with obesity [median 168.6 pg/ml]) than those with overweight [131.3 pg/ml] and normal body weight [116.6 pg/ml] (p=0.0334). Median serum FGF21 level was elevated in the group of patients with MS in comparison to other subjects [136.2 pg/ml vs 82.6 pg/ml, p=0.0285]. Increased Klotho concentrations were noted in patients affected by IR compared with subjects with normal insulin sensitivity [185.3 pg/ml vs 132.6 pg/ml, p=0.0282]. Multivariable model for HOMA-IR showed FGF19 as an independent predictor for IR after adjusting for the pubertal stage and BMI Z-score.Conclusions: Klotho levels were associated with body weight status in children and adolescents. Moreover, Klotho, FGF19 and FGF21 concentrations correlated with IR status and traits of MS.

The study focuses on the issue of how much information competencies are universal in the globalized, internet-connected world, and/or to what extent their perception depends on local conditions and individual needs. The aim of the project is threefold. First, it offers a comparative analysis of the information literacy skills of Polish and Spanish students, regarding both their self-assessment and belief in the importance of information literacy. Second, it focuses on differences and unique IL needs of students of courses rooted in social sciences and/or humanities. And third, due to these differences, it discusses the role of academic librarians in profiled IL training, integrated with the specific courses. Quantitative methodology was applied. The comparative study covered subgroups of humanities and social science students from Poland and Spain. Competencies in information searching, processing, evaluation, and communication/dissemination were taken into account. The results indicate some common ways of perception of valuing information competencies and major differences in assessment of IL self-efficacy. Students’ reluctance to visit libraries is another argument to enhance profiled IL training being realized in close cooperation of academic librarians and the faculty.

Epithelial ovarian cancer is a heterogeneous disease comprising several tumor types that each have multiple histopathological features and different biological behaviors. Recent morphologic and molecular genetic studies have allowed for the categorization of various types of ovarian cancer into two groups: type I and type II. Type I tumors are low-grade and are genetically more stable, while type II tumors are high-grade and genetically unstable. The determination of the type of ovarian cancer may have implications in terms of the appropriate therapeutic strategy because different prognoses and responses to chemotherapeutic agents are observed. Therefore, the current challenge is better recognition of the features of cancer cells, which may result in more individualized therapy. The aim of the current studies was to compare the ability of ovarian cancer cells isolated from tumors, which were classified as type I or type II ovarian cancer, to release pro-inflammatory and immunosuppressive cytokines and heat shock protein (HspA1A). These factors are known to facilitate tumor cell survival, invasion and metastasis. Our studies demonstrated that ovarian cancer cells isolated from patients with type II tumors released high levels of immunosuppressive cytokines (i.e., interleukin 10 and transforming growth factor β) and HspA1A in vitro. Conversely, ovarian cancer cells obtained from of type I tumors were significantly less active. We did not observe any difference in the ability of the isolated cancer cells to secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines, regardless of the type of ovarian cancer. In this study, we found that cancer cells from patients with type II tumors demonstrated more intense activity in regards to survival and metastasis, which should be considered during therapy.

Introduction: Contrast-induced nephropathy – acute kidney injury is an acquired kidney injury that is an important factor in short- and long-term cardiovascular complications. Contrast-induced nephropathy – acute kidney injury continues to be diagnosed based on serum creatinine level. Serum creatinine, however, is a delayed indicator of contrast-induced nephropathy, as its levels typically peak between 1 and 3 days following contrast exposure. Currently, more sensitive biomarkers of kidney injury are sought, with human neutrophil lipocalin (also known as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin) highlighted in literature as a troponin-like biomarker of early nephropathy. Aim of the study: Changes in serum and urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels were assessed in children with congenital heart diseases, following a scheduled cardiac catheterization procedure. Material and methods: The group studied comprised 16 patients. The neutrophil gelatinaseassociated lipocalin and creatinine levels, along with urine and serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin/creatinine ratio were evaluated five times at different time intervals from the procedure. The group did not vary in respect of kidney function, preprocedure management, and volume expansion (hydration therapy) prior to the procedure. Results: In the assessed material, median neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin rose as early as 2 hours after exposure to contrast as compared with baseline [median = 28.2 ng/mL (Quartile 1 = 22.8 – Quartile 3 = 33.77) vs. median = 25.87 ng/mL (Quartile 1 = 19.4 – Quartile 3 = 29.6)]. Serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin level peaked in hour 6 of our study: median – 30.6 ng/mL (Quartile 1 = 22.32 – Quartile 3 = 42.17), then reverting to normal. Urine neutrophil gelatinaseassociated lipocalin peaked in hour 24 of the study, subsequently dropping below baseline in hour 48. Glomerular filtration was slightly impaired between hour 2 and 6, and later improvement of estimated glomerular filtration rate was noted. Conclusions: The analysis of the obtained results indicates the usefulness of measuring neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin level for the diagnosis of early contrast-induced nephropathy – acute kidney injury in paediatric patients. Contrastinduced nephropathy – acute kidney injury biomarkers in such clinical circumstances elevate as early as 2 hours after intravenous administration of contrast agents.

Purpose/Thesis: Open digital repositories are rapidly developing type of information sources for science and education. The aim of this article is to discuss the results of research on the current state of digital repositories maintained by universities and other research institutions in Poland. Approach/Research methods: Polish digital repositories were described in terms of their current state of development, abundance, structure, collections and functions. It was decided to analyze only the digital collections recording new resources, and not - as in the case of many digital libraries in Poland – digitized collections of national heritage. The repositories in question were selected based on the list of repositories from the following web portals: Uwolnij Nauke, EBIB and CEON database aggregator. Each website was analyzed individually. Data from OpenDOAR was used to present some statistical background for this type of projects in Poland. Results and conclusions: The author found 33 currently available open digital repositories in Poland. They provide access to approximately 270,000 resources of various types, mostly theses and dissertations, journal articles and teaching materials. Open digital repositories are developing very actively, given that they have a very short history. Creating and maintaining digital repositories by the universities brings many benefits such as leveraging reputation as a result of ncreased visibility of the scientific research conducted at the departments, promoting the academic staff, supporting the students by facilitating their access to teaching materials. Originality/Value: The results of the analysis of Polish digital repositories shows their current state of development and may encourage researchers to deposit their works there and use repository resources in their research process.

Purpose This study aimed to investigate early-life folate serum concentrations in children with food, inhalant or mixed type allergy. The influence of folate levels on the FoxP 3 expression in Treg (regulatory T) cells in the studied children, taking into account the MTHFR (5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase) genotypes was also analyzed. Material and methods The study was performed in 83 allergic children (study group) and 49 healthy children (control group), aged 2–72 months. Medical history of each child was obtained and laboratory tests (serum folic acid concentrations and MTHFR C677T polymorphism) were carried out. The percentage of Treg cells was evaluated in almost a half of the examined subjects (48.5%). Results Significantly higher serum folate levels in the group of children with food allergy than in those with inhalant allergy was confirmed ( P = 0.037). In the study group the TT homozygotes were characterized by significantly lower folate concentrations than CC homozygotes ( P = 0.045). A negative correlation was demonstrated between the FoxP 3 expression in CD4 + CD25 high FoxP 3 + peripheral blood lymphocytes and serum folic acid concentrations. The correlation was more pronounced in the group of allergic children and it was statistically significant ( r = −0.339, P Conclusions The results of the study indicate a possibility of some effects of folate status on Treg cells, thus suggesting their potential role in the development and course of allergy in children.

INTRODUCTION Assessment of leptin concentration in the blood of pregnant women (leptin concentration - Lc) and in their newborns, according to their nutritional status. MATERIAL AND METHODS Pregnant women (n = 42) were divided into normal body mass (NBM) and excessive body mass (EBM) groups. Neonates were divided into AGA (eutrophic) and LGA (macrosomic) groups. Leptin concentraction was studied in 4 subgroups: NBM/AGA, NBM/LGA, EBM/AGA, EBM/LGA. RESULTS Mothers: A significant correlation was found between maternal Lc and body mass index (BMI) (r = 0.75, p < 0.001). Maternal Lc was 3 times higher than neonatal Lc (p < 0.00001). The NBM mothers showed lower Lc compared to EBM mothers (p = 0.000018). Leptin concentration values in NBM/LGA and NBM/AGA mothers were similar (p = 0.6775). Newborns: Correlations were found between Lc and ponderal index (PI) (r = 0.67, p < 0.001), weight (r = 0.43, p = 0.004) and placental weight (r = 0.56, p < 0.001). Girls presented higher Lc than boys (p = 0.0338). In LGA groups, newborns born to EBM mothers presented higher Lc than those born to NBM mothers (p = 0.0013). In both AGA groups, Lc was similar (AGA/EBM vs. AGA/NBM p = 0.1619). The highest Lc and the largest placentas were found in the group of LGA newborns born to EBM mothers. CONCLUSIONS Leptin concentration positively correlates with BMI in pregnant women, with PI and female sex in newborns as well as with placental weight. The nutritional status of fetuses does not affect the Lc of their non-obese mothers. The LGA neonates born to EBM women demonstrate higher Lc than LGA neonates born to NBM mothers, whereas Lc of AGA neonates is similar regardless of the nutritional status of their mothers.

OBJECTIVE To determine the long-term impact of laparoscopic cystectomy for endometriomas and benign cysts on ovarian reserve and selection of the most effective method of assessment. METHODS The present study was carried out between November 2013 and December 2016. Participants were assigned to laparoscopic cystectomy for diagnosed unilateral benign ovarian cysts and divided into groups: the endometrioma group (EG) (n=35) and the other benign ovarian tumor group (OG) (n=35). Before and at 3 and 12 months after the procedure, transvaginal ultrasonography was performed to assess antral follicle count (AFC) and ovarian volume (OvVol); laboratory tests were ordered for anti-Műllerian hormone (AMH) serum concentration assays. Pregnancy rates were counted in a 12-month follow-up. Statistica12 software was used for analysis. RESULTS The present study included 70 women aged 18-40 years. AMH serum concentration decreased significantly 3 months after laparoscopic cystectomy (4.89 ± 3.66 ng/mL to 3.45 ± 3.37 ng/mL; P

CEL/TEZA: wprowadzenie indywidualnej przestrzeni informacyjnej (IPI) jako konstruktu metodologicznego w badaniach procesów informacyjnych. KONCEPCJA/METODY BADAŃ: przyjęto założenie, że każdy użytkownik informacji działa w obrębie swojej przestrzeni informacyjnej, która jest wynikiem oddziaływania trzech sfer: zespołu umiejętności i doświadczeń informacyjnych użytkownika, zespołu jego świadomości informacyjnej (czyli m in. postaw, uprzedzeń i przekonań związanych z działalnością informacyjną, ujawniających się w trakcie realizacji zadania informacyjnego) i rzeczywistej dostępności infrastruktury informacyjnej. WYNIKI I WNIOSKI: cyfryzacja humanistyki jest istotnym czynnikiem kształtującym indywidualną przestrzeń informacyjną. Wykorzystanie modelu IPI może ułatwić wyjaśnienie mechanizmów zmian zachodzących pod wpływem rozwoju technologii informatycznych w procesach informacyjnych. ZASTOSOWANIA PRAKTYCZNE: konstrukt IPI może być stosowany w badaniach zmian zachowań informacyjnych oraz czynników je kształtujących wśród różnych kategorii użytkowników.

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of HE4 alone and in combination with CA125 (ROMA) in selecting patients at high risk of adnexal malignancy. Material and methods: Serum CA125 and HE4 levels were determined and the ROMA value was calculated in 259 women qualified for surgery due to adnexal mass. The results were compared with histopathological findings. Results: Sensitivity and specificity in preoperative diagnosis of primary ovarian cancer were 93.2% and 71.5% for CA125 and 95.4% and 81.3% for HE4, respectively. ROMA algorithm achieved sensitivity of 95.4% and specificity of 79.8%. All methods reached sensitivity of 100% at specificity of 65.6% for CA125, 93.4% for HE4 and 82.0% for ROMA in premenopausal women, whereas in postmenopausal women sensitivity and specificity achieved levels of 92.1% and 81.7% for CA125, 94.7% and 60.6% for HE4 and 94.7% and 76.1% for ROMA, respectively. Serum levels of both CA125 and HE4 were significantly higher in women with primary ovarian cancer as compared to benign disease. Concentrations of CA125 in patients with endometriosis were significantly elevated as compared to women with other benign tumors. Such relation was not observed when HE4 levels were concerned. Conclusions: CA125, HE4 and ROMA are useful in preoperative diagnosis of ovarian malignancy. HE4 improves the diagnostic accuracy in cases of endometriosis, verifying false positive results of CA125.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate serum concentrations of the insulin-like growth factor-1 in women with ovarian cancer and healthy controls, and to compare free IGF-1 levels with selected clinical and pathological param­eters. Correlation analysis was used to measure the following: IGF-1 concentration and Ca125; IGF-1 level and the height of the OC patients. Material and methods: The study included 70 patients with OC and 50 healthy controls. Serum concentrations of free IGF-1 were measured in all subjects. Routine diagnostic tests (CBC and USG and Ca125) were performed. Results: Significantly higher serum concentrations of free IGF-1 were found in the study group as compared to controls. No statistically significant relationships between IGF-1 serum concentrations and tumor differentiation, histological type, and disease stage were detected. No statistically significant correlations between IGF-1 and Ca125 level or between IGF-1 and growth of OC patients were found. Conclusions: Serum IGF-1 participates in the etiopathogenesis of ovarian cancer in menstruating women, while local synthesis of this factor and other components of the autocrine loop of the IGF-1 system play a greater role in their post­menopausal peers.

Introduction The aim of the study was to compare serum concentration of soluble L- and P-selectins in women with ovarian cancer (OC) and healthy controls, and to investigate sL- and sP-selectin levels with regard to clinical and pathological parameters. Correlation analysis was used to measure the following: sL- and sP-selectin concentration and Ca125; sP-selectin and platelet concentrations; and sL-selectin and serum leukocyte levels in women with OC. Material and methods The study included 29 patients with OC and 23 healthy controls. Serum concentrations of sL- and sP-selectins were measured in all subjects. Routine diagnostic tests: CBC and USG (both groups) and Ca125 (study group) were performed. Results Significantly higher serum concentrations of sL- and sP-selectins were found in the study group as compared to controls. Lower levels of serum sL-selectin were observed in women with poorly-differentiated OC (G3) and advanced stages of the disease (FIGO III, IV), but the results were statistically insignificant. No statistically significant relationship was detected between sP-selectin serum concentration in women with OC and tumour differentiation, histological type, and stage of the disease. No significant correlation was found between sL- and sP-selectins and Ca125 levels. A weak correlation was found between serum concentration of sP-selectin in women with OC and platelet count. No statistically significant correlation was observed between sL-selectin concentration and serum leukocyte levels in women with OC. Conclusions The analysis of sL- and sP-selectin concentrations may be a useful tool in the diagnosis of OC. The levels of sL-selectin decrease with disease progression.

Primary cytoreduction, followed by chemotherapy, is a standard treatment of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). However, the effectiveness of this treatment depend on various elements e.g. type of operation. It is accepted that optimal surgery correlates with longer survival of patients. The other element, an efficiency of immune system after surgical intervention although important is less elucidated. The aim of this study was to establish the impact of optimal and sub-optimal operation on immunological status of EOC patients regarding also their overall survival (OS). On the day of primary cytoreduction and 7 days after, the selected serum immunological parameters were determined in 49 patients with confirmed EOC. We found that, the level of immunosuppressive (interleukin 10; transforming growth factor-β − TGF-β1) and pro-inflammatory (interleukin-6 and 8) cytokines was significantly higher in the group of patients with advanced stage of disease, compared to early stage. However, the number of circulating CD3 + , CD4 + or CD8 + cells, CD19 + and NK cells was similar in both group of EOC patients. The overall survival of patients who underwent optimal cytoreduction was significantly higher than that in whom only sub-optimal surgery was performed. Sub-optimal cytoreduction only partially weakened the serum level of TGF-β1 and IL-8 and what is more enhanced the number of circulating CD4 + CD25 +high cells in patients with advanced stage of disease. Sub-optimal surgery and high post-operative level of TGF-β1 increased the hazard ratio for patients. Besides, we noticed that the high pre-operative concentration of TGF-β1 could distinguish all EOC patients (independently of FIGO classification) for whom optimal or sub-optimal surgery would be applied. Sub-optimal debulking resulted in higher immunosuppression and lower OS of EOC patients.

The study was carried out in the Przybroda experimental orchard near Poznań, Poland, using the three apricot cultivars: Goldrich, Hargrand and Sirena. The trees were trained to three canopy vase forms. Every year, in spring, shortly after the blooming period, apricot tree shoots were shortened by one half, or by one third of their length. The control trees were not shortened. The influence of the shortening of the shoots on tree growth, morphology of fruit bearing zone, flower bud setting, and tree yielding was studied. Trees with shoots shortened by one half of their length developed a greater number of branched shoots than the control trees, but, at the same time, they developed less spurs. The best yielding results were obtained from the ‘Sirena’ trees, while the lowest yielding results were obtained from ‘Goldrich’. Trees with a vase canopy form, with 7-9 limbs and branches, and with shoots shortened by one third of their length, yielded better than the trees of the two other canopy forms

The role of interactions between tumor cells and autologous immunocompetent cells, the impact on the modulation of the activity of T CD4(+) and CD8(+) lymphocytes, as well as the influence on the regulation and determination of antitumor cellular immune response in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) is not completely clear. The aim of this study was to analyze early and late activation antigens expression on T cells subpopulations modified under the influence of the presence of cancer cells to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of the local cellular immune response in carcinoma of the larynx. Cytofluorymetric analysis of the early (CD69(+), CD71(+)) and late activation markers (CD25(+) (high), CD26(+), HLA/DR(+)) expression on T CD3(+)CD4(+) and CD3(+)CD8(+) cells subpopulations in mixed cellular cultures of freshly isolated tumor cells (MLTMC) and non-cancerous normal epithelial cells (MLNCC) with immunocompetent cells was performed in 55 cases of squamous cell laryngeal carcinoma. The whole peripheral blood concentrations of IL-10 and IFN-γ in 21 h and 72 h of experiments were also measured by ELISA. The relationships between the activation markers expression depending on the type of cells used in co-cultures, as well as the level of secreted cytokines, were investigated. Our work has revealed a statistically significant dependence of cytofluorymetric results on the presence of TMC or NCC in mixed cellular cultures. Increased expression of CD69(+), CD71(+) and CD25(+) (high), CD26(+), HLA/DR(+) antigens on T CD3(+)CD4(+) and CD3(+)CD8(+) cells was higher in MLTMC cultures, in comparison with MLNCC. We demonstrated negative significant relationships of IFN-γ and IL-10 secretion with regard to CD4(+)CD69(+), CD8(+)CD69(+), CD4(+)CD71(+), CD8(+)CD71(+) antigens expression in 21 h of experiments without mitogenic stimulation. Furthermore, this study revealed negative significant relationships of IFN-g secretion with regard to CD4(+)HLA/DR(+) and CD8(+)HLA/DR(+) as well as between IL-10 concentration and CD4(+)HLA/DR(+) in trials without PHA stimulation. Our findings have confirmed a key role for tumor cells in determining the function of T cells involved in the immunological processes and impact of neoplastic cells on modulating the activity of T CD4(+) and CD8(+) lymphocytes in laryngeal carcinoma.

One of the most important challenges in contemporary oncology is to find objective biomarkers of tumor aggressiveness, which help to identify more invasive phenotypes of the carcinoma. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between the early and the late activation markers expression on T CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells subpopulations and certain clinicopathological characteristics of the neoplastic infiltration in order to determine their role as biomarkers for tumor behavior in squamous cell laryngeal carcinoma. Analysis of the early (CD69(+), CD71(+)) and the late activation antigens (CD25(+) (high), CD26(+), HLA/DR(+)) expression on T CD4+ and CD8(+) lymphocytes by cytofluorymetry in 55 patients treated for squamous cell laryngeal carcinoma was performed. Clinicomorphological analysis on the basis of TNM criteria and tumor front grading, which included tumor-related features and adjacent stroma-related characteristics of the peripheral edge of infiltration was carried out. The relationships between the activation markers expression and parameters of tumor aggressiveness were investigated. Our work revealed statistically significant differences in the expression of the studied activation markers on T cells with regard to certain clinicomorphological features. The expressions of CD69(+) and CD71(+) antigens on T CD3(+)CD4(+) and CD3(+)CD8(+) cells as well as CD4(+)HLA/DR(+) markers were higher for pT3 and pT4 tumors, in comparison with pT2 carcinomas. Moreover, tumors with the smallest number of TFG points were characterized by significantly lower values of the average expression of CD3(+)CD69(+) and CD3(+)CD71(+) as well as CD4(+)HLA/DR(+) markers on T lymphocytes. In addition, more aggressive and deeply infiltrating laryngeal carcinomas were most often characterized by significantly higher values of the average expression of CD69(+) and CD71(+) antigens on CD8(+) as well as HLA/DR(+) markers on CD4(+). Our study confirmed the implication of the early and the late activation antigens expression on CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes in clinicomorphological parameters of the tumor, especially TFG total score and depth of invasion, and their importance as indicators of the invasive phenotype of laryngeal carcinoma.

Comprehensive structural analyses were performed for o-, m-, and p-nitrophenyl 2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-β- d -xylopyranosides. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction data were collected and revealed that meta isomer undergoes temperature-dependent polymorph transition (crystal structures of two polymorphs were obtained). This transition was verified by differential scanning calorimetry. The number of molecules in the independent part of the crystal unit cells of the compounds under investigation was in agreement with the number of resonances in solid-state 13C and 15N NMR spectra. The o- and p-nitrophenyl 2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-β- d -xylopyranosides exist as single polymorph at room temperature, as confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction measurements.

Summary Aim The aim of this study was to assess the expression of SOCS1-STAT molecules pathway in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and to evaluate their correlations with invasiveness of the tumor and the secretion of inflammatory and regulatory cytokines in laryngeal cancer. Material and Methods In this study analysis of TLR2, JAK1, STAT3, STAT1 and SOCS1 mRNA expression in isolated PBMCs by real-time PCR (RT-PCR) was performed. Concentration of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α in supernatants of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 55 patients with carcinoma of the larynx was carried out by ELISA. were investigated. Results In the group of tumors with high locally advanced status pT3 and pT4 the presence of significant correlations of STAT3 and SOCS1 mRNA expression was demonstrated. Moreover, laryngeal cancers with lower levels of JAK1 and STAT1 mRNA in PBMC showed a higher degree of invasiveness according to the TFG classification, as compared to tumors with higher expression of studied proteins. Conclusions Analysis of JAK1 and STAT1 mRNA expression may be an important parameter of the morphological assessment of tumor aggressiveness in locally advanced squamous cell carcinomas of the larynx.

Introduction: Food allergy (FA) in infants and small children is an important and rising problem. TLR4 is the main receptor recognizing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and belonging to the Tolllike receptor (TLR) family. Triggering this receptor leads to activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) and expression of genes included in immunological reactions. Material and methods: Fifty children (aged 1-36 months) were included in this study: 35 children with food allergy (17 of them with IgE-dependent allergy, 18 with IgE-independent allergy) and 15 healthy children without any allergy. In this work mRNA expression of TLR4 receptor on neutrophils and concentrations of selected Th1/Th2 cytokines were evaluated. Results: We observed lower mRNA TLR4 expression in children with food allergy especially IgE-independent food allergy. Furthermore, higher concentrations of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 in children with food allergy compared with children from the control group were found. Estimated mRNA expression of TLR4 on neutrophil surfaces was negatively correlated with serum concentration of IL-4 and positively correlated with IFN-γ serum levels in children with IgE-dependent FA. Conclusions: Results of this study suggest a role of innate immunity in the development of food allergy and evaluation of this immunity can be helpful in diagnosis of allergy in small children. Streszczenie Wstep: Alergia pokarmowa u niemowląt i malych dzieci stanowi istotny i narastający problem. Receptor TLR4, bedący glownym receptorem rozpoznającym lipopolisacharyd (LPS), nalezy do rodziny receptorow Toll-podobnych. Pobudzenie tego receptora powoduje aktywacje jądrowego czynnika transkrypcyjnego (NF-κB) i czynnikow IRF, co nastepnie prowadzi do ekspresji licznych genow wlączonych w odpowiedź immunologiczną. Material i metody: Badaniami objeto 50 dzieci (wiek badanych mieścil sie w granicach 1–36 mies.), w tym 35 z alergią pokarmową (17 z nich z alergią IgE-zalezną, 18 z alergią IgE-niezalezną) i 15 dzieci zdrowych bez objawow alergii. W przeprowadzonej pracy oceniono ekspresje mRNA TLR4 oraz stezenia wybranych cytokin Th1/Th2. Wyniki: Stwierdzono nizszą ekspresje mRNA TLR4 u dzieci z alergią pokarmową, bardziej zaznaczoną u badanych z grupy alergii IgE-niezaleznej. Wykazano ponadto wieksze stezenia IL-4, IL-5 i IL-10 u dzieci z alergią pokarmową w porownaniu z grupą odniesienia. Przeprowadzona ocena korelacji pomiedzy ekspresją mRNA receptora TLR4 na neutrofilach krwi obwodowej a oznaczonymi stezeniami cytokin (IL-4, IFN-γ) w surowicy dzieci z alergią IgE-zalezną wykazala ujemną korelacje z IL-4, a dodatnią z IFN-γ. Wnioski: Wyniki przeprowadzonych badan sugerują udzial odporności naturalnej w rozwoju alergii pokarmowej oraz wskazują, ze ocena tej odporności moze byc pomocna w diagnostyce alergii u niemowląt i malych dzieci.

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text, Smouldering inflammation, thrombocytosis, and platelet hyper-reactivity are linked to malignancy. The relationships between preoperative diagnostic blood morphology parameters and cancer have been the focus of much interest, because some of these parameters are correlated with advanced cancer stages and poor patient survival rates. This study aimed to perform an observational, retrospective analysis of the intradiversity of blood platelet parameters in patients with different International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stages and different histological types of epithelial ovarian carcinomas (EOC), and also an analysis of the overall survival rate. In all, 94 EOC patients were included in this analysis (23 mucinous, 33 serous, 20 undifferentiated, 14 endometrioid, and 4 clear cell carcinoma cases). Peripheral blood samples were collected and analyzed before drug or surgical treatment. The platelet-to-neutrophil ratio (PNR) was related to the histological type of EOC, particularly mucinous carcinoma. In patients with mucinous cancer, the PNR was significantly lower compared with patients with nonmucinous cancer, and this parameter distinguished between mucinous and nonmucinous groups of patients (area under receiver-operating characteristic [ROC] curve 0.721 ± .056; sensitivity 82.6%; specificity 61%; P