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11. Report from the killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) anthropology component of the 15th International Histocompatibility Workshop: worldwide variation in the KIR loci and further evidence for the co-evolution of KIR and HLA

Author

Hollenbach, J. A., Meenagh, A., Sleator, C., Alaez, C., Bengoche, M., Canossi, A., Contreras, G., Creary, L., Evseeva, I., Gorodezky, C., Hardie, R.-A., Hemming Karlsen, T., Lie, B., Luo, M., Martinetti, M., Navarette, C., de Oliveira, D. C. M., Ozzella, G., Pasi, A., Pavlova, E., Pinto, S., Porto, L. C., Santos, P., Slavcev, A., Srinak, D., Tavoularis, S., Tonks, S., Trachtenberg, E., Vejbaesya, S., and Middleton, D.

Published
2010
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13. Characterizing the genetic history of admixture across inner Eurasia

Author

Jeong, C., Balanovsky, O., Lukianova, E., Kahbatkyzy, N., Flegontov, P., Zaporozhchenko, V., Immel, A., Wang, C., Ixan, O., Khussainova, E., Bekmanov, B., Zaibert, V., Lavryashina, M., Pocheshkhova, E., Yusupov, Y., Agdzhoyan, A., Sergey, K., Bukin, A., Nymadawa, P., Churnosov, M., Skhalyakho, R., Daragan, D., Bogunov, Y., Bogunova, A., Shtrunov, A., Dubova, N., Zhabagin, M., Yepiskoposyan, L., Churakov, V., Pislegin, N., Damba, L., Saroyants, L., Dibirova, K., Artamentova, L., Utevska, O., Idrisov, E., Kamenshchikova, E., Evseeva, I., Metspalu, M., Robbeets, M., Djansugurova, L., Balanovska, E., Schiffels, S., Haak, W., Reich, D., and Krause, J.

Abstract

The indigenous populations of inner Eurasia, a huge geographic region covering the central Eurasian steppe and the northern Eurasian taiga and tundra, harbor tremendous diversity in their genes, cultures and languages. In this study, we report novel genome-wide data for 763 individuals from Armenia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Mongolia, Russia, Tajikistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. We furthermore report genome-wide data of two Eneolithic individuals (~5,400 years before present) associated with the Botai culture in northern Kazakhstan. We find that inner Eurasian populations are structured into three distinct admixture clines stretching between various western and eastern Eurasian ancestries. This genetic separation is well mirrored by geography. The ancient Botai genomes suggest yet another layer of admixture in inner Eurasia that involves Mesolithic hunter-gatherers in Europe, the Upper Paleolithic southern Siberians and East Asians. Admixture modeling of ancient and modern populations suggests an overwriting of this ancient structure in the Altai-Sayan region by migrations of western steppe herders, but partial retaining of this ancient North Eurasian-related cline further to the North. Finally, the genetic structure of Caucasus populations highlights a role of the Caucasus Mountains as a barrier to gene flow and suggests a post-Neolithic gene flow into North Caucasus populations from the steppe.

Published
2018

16. BIOLOGICAL INDICES IN THE MONITORING SYSTEM OF URBANIZED SOILS

Author

Vodyanova, Mariia A., primary, Kriatov, I. A., additional, Donerian, L. G., additional, Evseeva, I. S., additional, Ushakov, D. I., additional, Sbitnev, A. V., additional, Kiryakova, N. A., additional, Antropova, N. S., additional, Pyrkin, V. O., additional, Tsapkova, N. N., additional, and Bashirov, E. V., additional

Published
2019
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23. Genomic analyses inform on migration events during the peopling of Eurasia

Author

Pagani, L, Lawson, DJ, Jagoda, E, Mörseburg, A, Eriksson, A, Mitt, M, Clemente, F, Hudjashov, G, Degiorgio, M, Saag, L, Wall, JD, Cardona, A, Mägi, R, Sayres, MAW, Kaewert, S, Inchley, C, Scheib, CL, Järve, M, Karmin, M, Jacobs, GS, Antao, T, Iliescu, FM, Kushniarevich, A, Ayub, Q, Tyler-Smith, C, Xue, Y, Yunusbayev, B, Tambets, K, Mallick, CB, Pocheshkhova, E, Andriadze, G, Muller, C, Westaway, MC, Lambert, DM, Zoraqi, G, Turdikulova, S, Dalimova, D, Sabitov, Z, Sultana, GNN, Lachance, J, Tishkoff, S, Momynaliev, K, Isakova, J, Damba, LD, Gubina, M, Nymadawa, P, Evseeva, I, Atramentova, L, Utevska, O, Ricaut, FX, Brucato, N, Sudoyo, H, Letellier, T, Cox, MP, Barashkov, NA, Mulahasanović, L, Primorac, D, Mormina, M, Eichstaedt, CA, Lichman, DV, Chaubey, G, Wee, JTS, Mihailov, E, Karunas, A, Litvinov, S, Khusainova, R, and Ekomasova, N

Abstract

© 2016 Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature. High-Coverage whole-genome sequence studies have so far focused on a limited number of geographically restricted populations, or been targeted at specific diseases, such as cancer. Nevertheless, the availability of high-resolution genomic data has led to the development of new methodologies for inferring population history and refuelled the debate on the mutation rate in humans. Here we present the Estonian Biocentre Human Genome Diversity Panel (EGDP), a dataset of 483 high-coverage human genomes from 148 populations worldwide, including 379 new genomes from 125 populations, which we group into diversity and selection sets. We analyse this dataset to refine estimates of continent-wide patterns of heterozygosity, long-and short-distance gene flow, archaic admixture, and changes in effective population size through time as well as for signals of positive or balancing selection. We find a genetic signature in present-day Papuans that suggests that at least 2% of their genome originates from an early and largely extinct expansion of anatomically modern humans (AMHs) out of Africa. Together with evidence from the western Asian fossil record, and admixture between AMHs and Neanderthals predating the main Eurasian expansion, our results contribute to the mounting evidence for the presence of AMHs out of Africa earlier than 75,000 years ago.

Published
2016
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24. A recent bottleneck of Y chromosome diversity coincides with a global change in culture

Author

Karmin M., Saag L., Vicente M., Wilson Sayres M., Järve M., Talas U., Rootsi S., Ilumäe A., Mägi R., Mitt M., Pagani L., Puurand T., Faltyskova Z., Clemente F., Cardona A., Metspalu E., Sahakyan H., Yunusbayev B., Hudjashov G., DeGiorgio M., Loogväli E., Eichstaedt C., Eelmets M., Chaubey G., Tambets K., Litvinov S., Mormina M., Xue Y., Ayub Q., Zoraqi G., Korneliussen T., Akhatova F., Lachance J., Tishkoff S., Momynaliev K., Ricaut F., Kusuma P., Razafindrazaka H., Pierron D., Cox M., Sultana G., Willerslev R., Muller C., Westaway M., Lambert D., Skaro V., Kovačević L., Turdikulova S., Dalimova D., Khusainova R., Trofimova N., Akhmetova V., Khidiyatova I., Lichman D., Isakova J., Pocheshkhova E., Sabitov Z., Barashkov N., Nymadawa P., Mihailov E., Seng J., Evseeva I., Migliano A., Abdullah S., Andriadze G., Primorac D., Atramentova L., Utevska O., Yepiskoposyan L., Marjanović D., Kushniarevich A., and Behar D.

Abstract

© 2015 Karmin et al. It is commonly thought that human genetic diversity in non-African populations was shaped primarily by an out-of-Africa dispersal 50-100 thousand yr ago (kya). Here, we present a study of 456 geographically diverse high-coverage Y chromosome sequences, including 299 newly reported samples. Applying ancient DNA calibration, we date the Y-chromosomal most recent common ancestor (MRCA) in Africa at 254 (95% CI 192-307) kya and detect a cluster of major non-African founder haplogroups in a narrow time interval at 47-52 kya, consistent with a rapid initial colonization model of Eurasia and Oceania after the out-of-Africa bottleneck. In contrast to demographic reconstructions based on mtDNA, we infer a second strong bottleneck in Y-chromosome lineages dating to the last 10 ky. We hypothesize that this bottleneck is caused by cultural changes affecting variance of reproductive success among males.

Published
2015

25. A recent bottleneck of Y chromosome diversity coincides with a global change in culture

Author

Karmin, M., Saag, L., Vicente, M., Wilson Sayres, M.A., Jarve, M., Talas, U.G., Rootsi, S., Ilumae, A.M., Magi, R., Mitt, M., Pagani, L., Puurand, T., Faltyskova, Z., Clemente, F., Cardona, A., Metspalu, E., Sahakyan, H., Yunusbayev, B., Hudjashov, G., DeGiorgio, M., Loogvali, E.L., Eichstaedt, C., Eelmets, M., Chaubey, G., Tambets, K., Litvinov, S., Mormina, M., Xue, Y., Ayub, Q., Zoraqi, G., Korneliussen, T.S., Akhatova, F., Lachance, J., Tishkoff, S., Momynaliev, K., Ricaut, F.X., Kusuma, P., Razafindrazaka, H., Pierron, D., Cox, M.P., Sultana, G.N., Willerslev, R., Muller, C., Westaway, M., Lambert, D., Skaro, V., Kovacevic, L., Turdikulova, S., Dalimova, D., Khusainova, R., Trofimova, N., Akhmetova, V., Khidiyatova, I., Lichman, D.V., Isakova, J., Pocheshkhova, E., Sabitov, Z., Barashkov, N.A., Nymadawa, P., Mihailov, E., Seng, J.W., Evseeva, I., Migliano, A.B., Abdullah, S., Andriadze, G., Primorac, D., Atramentova, L., Utevska, O., Yepiskoposyan, L., Marjanovic, D., Kushniarevich, A., Behar, D.M., Gilissen, C., Vissers, L., Veltman, J.A., Balanovska, E., Derenko, M., Malyarchuk, B., Metspalu, A., Fedorova, S., Eriksson, A., Manica, A., Mendez, F.L., Karafet, T.M., Veeramah, K.R., Bradman, N., Hammer, M.F., Osipova, L.P., Balanovsky, O., Khusnutdinova, E.K., Johnsen, K., Remm, M., Thomas, M.G., Tyler-Smith, C., Underhill, P.A., Willerslev, E., Nielsen, R., Metspalu, M., Villems, R., Kivisild, T., Karmin, M., Saag, L., Vicente, M., Wilson Sayres, M.A., Jarve, M., Talas, U.G., Rootsi, S., Ilumae, A.M., Magi, R., Mitt, M., Pagani, L., Puurand, T., Faltyskova, Z., Clemente, F., Cardona, A., Metspalu, E., Sahakyan, H., Yunusbayev, B., Hudjashov, G., DeGiorgio, M., Loogvali, E.L., Eichstaedt, C., Eelmets, M., Chaubey, G., Tambets, K., Litvinov, S., Mormina, M., Xue, Y., Ayub, Q., Zoraqi, G., Korneliussen, T.S., Akhatova, F., Lachance, J., Tishkoff, S., Momynaliev, K., Ricaut, F.X., Kusuma, P., Razafindrazaka, H., Pierron, D., Cox, M.P., Sultana, G.N., Willerslev, R., Muller, C., Westaway, M., Lambert, D., Skaro, V., Kovacevic, L., Turdikulova, S., Dalimova, D., Khusainova, R., Trofimova, N., Akhmetova, V., Khidiyatova, I., Lichman, D.V., Isakova, J., Pocheshkhova, E., Sabitov, Z., Barashkov, N.A., Nymadawa, P., Mihailov, E., Seng, J.W., Evseeva, I., Migliano, A.B., Abdullah, S., Andriadze, G., Primorac, D., Atramentova, L., Utevska, O., Yepiskoposyan, L., Marjanovic, D., Kushniarevich, A., Behar, D.M., Gilissen, C., Vissers, L., Veltman, J.A., Balanovska, E., Derenko, M., Malyarchuk, B., Metspalu, A., Fedorova, S., Eriksson, A., Manica, A., Mendez, F.L., Karafet, T.M., Veeramah, K.R., Bradman, N., Hammer, M.F., Osipova, L.P., Balanovsky, O., Khusnutdinova, E.K., Johnsen, K., Remm, M., Thomas, M.G., Tyler-Smith, C., Underhill, P.A., Willerslev, E., Nielsen, R., Metspalu, M., Villems, R., and Kivisild, T.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 153022.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access), It is commonly thought that human genetic diversity in non-African populations was shaped primarily by an out-of-Africa dispersal 50-100 thousand yr ago (kya). Here, we present a study of 456 geographically diverse high-coverage Y chromosome sequences, including 299 newly reported samples. Applying ancient DNA calibration, we date the Y-chromosomal most recent common ancestor (MRCA) in Africa at 254 (95% CI 192-307) kya and detect a cluster of major non-African founder haplogroups in a narrow time interval at 47-52 kya, consistent with a rapid initial colonization model of Eurasia and Oceania after the out-of-Africa bottleneck. In contrast to demographic reconstructions based on mtDNA, we infer a second strong bottleneck in Y-chromosome lineages dating to the last 10 ky. We hypothesize that this bottleneck is caused by cultural changes affecting variance of reproductive success among males.

Published
2015

26. STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF THE PORTFOLIO OF INNOVATION PROJECTS.

Author

Lapaev, D. N., Mityakova, O. I., Mityakov, S. N., Murashova, N. A., and Evseeva, I. A.

Subjects
STRATEGIC planning, PROJECT management, PORTFOLIO management (Investments), BUSINESS development, TECHNOLOGICAL innovations
Abstract

The article presents the conceptual framework for strategic management of the portfolio of innovative projects. We determined the definitions, aims, tasks, principles and stages of strategic portfolio management, the main directions of concept realization, methodical and instrumental base. This article proposes a mechanism for the formation of a resource-saving system, which contains an analysis of the factors influencing the effective use of resources, modification of the current resource-saving processes. We viewed the mechanism of choosing the directions of innovative development of the enterprise. It contains the analysis of indicators of financial and statistical reporting for several periods and the calculation of a general index of innovation activity. This mechanism helps to describe the financial readiness of enterprises to invest in scientific and technical innovations. The article presents the procedure of choice of an optimal portfolio of innovative projects, which includes a valuation of financial efficiency and ranking of projects, a selection of projects based on a matrix of strategic importance, an analysis of the possibility of financing, a distribution of financial resources, an evaluation of admissible multitude of projects and the selection of the optimal portfolio. This article proposes a model for managing the investment structure of the portfolio of innovative projects, which makes it possible to mobilize internal reserves and, if necessary, redistribute investment funds in the portfolio, using a generalizing index of the quality of the innovation project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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30. Analysis of FMR1 (CGG)(n) alleles and DXS548-FRAXAC1 haplotypes in three European circumpolar populations: traces of genetic relationship with Asia

Author

Evseeva I, Lisbeth Tranebjærg, Van Ghelue M, Nystad M, Lars Allan Larsen, and Jens Vuust

Subjects
congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities, Linkage disequilibrium, Asia, Population, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Biology, Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein, Gene Frequency, Trinucleotide Repeats, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Allele, education, Genetics (clinical), Alleles, education.field_of_study, Haplotype, RNA-Binding Proteins, DNA, medicine.disease, FMR1, nervous system diseases, Fragile X syndrome, Europe, Genetics, Population, Haplotypes, Fragile X Syndrome, Mutation (genetic algorithm), Microsatellite, Microsatellite Repeats
Abstract

Fragile X syndrome, the most common form of inherited mental retardation, is caused by expansion of a (CGG)(n) repeat located in the FMR1 gene. The molecular factors involved in the mutation process from stable (CGG)(n) alleles towards unstable alleles are largely unknown, although family transmission studies and population studies have suggested that loss of AGG interruptions in the (CGG)(n) repeat is essential. We have analysed the AGG interspersion pattern of the FMR1 (CGG)(n) repeat and the haplotype distribution of closely located microsatellite markers DXS548 and FRAXAC1, in three circumarctic populations: Norwegians, Nenets and Saami. The data confirm the conservation, reported in all human populations studied so far, of an AGG interruption for each 9-10 CGG and support the stabilising effect of AGG interruptions. The data also indicate the existence of chromosomes of Asian origin in the Saami and Nenets population, thereby confirming a genetic relationship between Northern Europe and Asia. DXS548-FRAXAC1 haplotype frequencies were compared between 24 Norwegian fragile X males and 119 normal males. Significant linkage disequilibrium were found between the fragile X mutation and haplotype 6-4 and between normal (CGG)(n) alleles and haplotype 7-3.

Published
2001

31. People of the British Isles: preliminary analysis of genotypes and surnames in a UK-control population

Author

Winney, B, Boumertit, A, Day, T, Davison, D, Echeta, C, Evseeva, I, Hutnik, K, Leslie, S, Nicodemus, K, Royrvik, EC, Tonks, S, Yang, X, Cheshire, J, Longley, P, Mateos, P, Groom, A, Relton, C, Bishop, DT, Black, K, Northwood, E, Parkinson, L, Frayling, TM, Steele, A, Sampson, JR, King, T, Dixon, R, Middleton, D, Jennings, B, Bowden, R, Donnelly, P, Bodmer, W, Winney, B, Boumertit, A, Day, T, Davison, D, Echeta, C, Evseeva, I, Hutnik, K, Leslie, S, Nicodemus, K, Royrvik, EC, Tonks, S, Yang, X, Cheshire, J, Longley, P, Mateos, P, Groom, A, Relton, C, Bishop, DT, Black, K, Northwood, E, Parkinson, L, Frayling, TM, Steele, A, Sampson, JR, King, T, Dixon, R, Middleton, D, Jennings, B, Bowden, R, Donnelly, P, and Bodmer, W

Abstract

There is a great deal of interest in a fine-scale population structure in the UK, both as a signature of historical immigration events and because of the effect population structure may have on disease association studies. Although population structure appears to have a minor impact on the current generation of genome-wide association studies, it is likely to have a significant part in the next generation of studies designed to search for rare variants. A powerful way of detecting such structure is to control and document carefully the provenance of the samples involved. In this study, we describe the collection of a cohort of rural UK samples (The People of the British Isles), aimed at providing a well-characterised UK-control population that can be used as a resource by the research community, as well as providing a fine-scale genetic information on the British population. So far, some 4000 samples have been collected, the majority of which fit the criteria of coming from a rural area and having all four grandparents from approximately the same area. Analysis of the first 3865 samples that have been geocoded indicates that 75% have a mean distance between grandparental places of birth of 37.3 km, and that about 70% of grandparental places of birth can be classed as rural. Preliminary genotyping of 1057 samples demonstrates the value of these samples for investigating a fine-scale population structure within the UK, and shows how this can be enhanced by the use of surnames.

Published
2012

33. The Eurasian heartland : a continental perspective on Y-chromosome diversity.

Author

Wells, R S, Yuldasheva, N, Ruzibakiev, R, Underhill, P A, Evseeva, I, Blue-Smith, J, Jin, L, Su, B, Pitchappan, R, Shanmugalakshmi, S, Balakrishnan, K, Read, M, Pearson, N M, Zerjal, T, Webster, M T, Zholoshvili, I, Jamarjashvili, E, Gambarov, S, Nikbin, B, Dostiev, A, Aknazarov, O, Zalloua, P, Tsoy, I, Kitaev, M, Mirrakhimov, M, Chariev, A, Bodmer, W F, Wells, R S, Yuldasheva, N, Ruzibakiev, R, Underhill, P A, Evseeva, I, Blue-Smith, J, Jin, L, Su, B, Pitchappan, R, Shanmugalakshmi, S, Balakrishnan, K, Read, M, Pearson, N M, Zerjal, T, Webster, M T, Zholoshvili, I, Jamarjashvili, E, Gambarov, S, Nikbin, B, Dostiev, A, Aknazarov, O, Zalloua, P, Tsoy, I, Kitaev, M, Mirrakhimov, M, Chariev, A, and Bodmer, W F

Abstract

The nonrecombining portion of the human Y chromosome has proven to be a valuable tool for the study of population history. The maintenance of extended haplotypes characteristic of particular geographic regions, despite extensive admixture, allows complex demographic events to be deconstructed. In this study we report the frequencies of 23 Y-chromosome biallelic polymorphism haplotypes in 1,935 men from 49 Eurasian populations, with a particular focus on Central Asia. These haplotypes reveal traces of historical migrations, and provide an insight into the earliest patterns of settlement of anatomically modern humans on the Eurasian continent. Central Asia is revealed to be an important reservoir of genetic diversity, and the source of at least three major waves of migration leading into Europe, the Americas, and India. The genetic results are interpreted in the context of Eurasian linguistic patterns.

Published
2001
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49. A recent bottleneck of Y chromosome diversity coincides with a global change in culture

Author

Karmin M., Saag L., Vicente M., Wilson Sayres M., Järve M., Talas U., Rootsi S., Ilumäe A., Mägi R., Mitt M., Pagani L., Puurand T., Faltyskova Z., Clemente F., Cardona A., Metspalu E., Sahakyan H., Yunusbayev B., Hudjashov G., DeGiorgio M., Loogväli E., Eichstaedt C., Eelmets M., Chaubey G., Tambets K., Litvinov S., Mormina M., Xue Y., Ayub Q., Zoraqi G., Korneliussen T., Akhatova F., Lachance J., Tishkoff S., Momynaliev K., Ricaut F., Kusuma P., Razafindrazaka H., Pierron D., Cox M., Sultana G., Willerslev R., Muller C., Westaway M., Lambert D., Skaro V., Kovačević L., Turdikulova S., Dalimova D., Khusainova R., Trofimova N., Akhmetova V., Khidiyatova I., Lichman D., Isakova J., Pocheshkhova E., Sabitov Z., Barashkov N., Nymadawa P., Mihailov E., Seng J., Evseeva I., Migliano A., Abdullah S., Andriadze G., Primorac D., Atramentova L., Utevska O., Yepiskoposyan L., Marjanović D., Kushniarevich A., Behar D., Karmin M., Saag L., Vicente M., Wilson Sayres M., Järve M., Talas U., Rootsi S., Ilumäe A., Mägi R., Mitt M., Pagani L., Puurand T., Faltyskova Z., Clemente F., Cardona A., Metspalu E., Sahakyan H., Yunusbayev B., Hudjashov G., DeGiorgio M., Loogväli E., Eichstaedt C., Eelmets M., Chaubey G., Tambets K., Litvinov S., Mormina M., Xue Y., Ayub Q., Zoraqi G., Korneliussen T., Akhatova F., Lachance J., Tishkoff S., Momynaliev K., Ricaut F., Kusuma P., Razafindrazaka H., Pierron D., Cox M., Sultana G., Willerslev R., Muller C., Westaway M., Lambert D., Skaro V., Kovačević L., Turdikulova S., Dalimova D., Khusainova R., Trofimova N., Akhmetova V., Khidiyatova I., Lichman D., Isakova J., Pocheshkhova E., Sabitov Z., Barashkov N., Nymadawa P., Mihailov E., Seng J., Evseeva I., Migliano A., Abdullah S., Andriadze G., Primorac D., Atramentova L., Utevska O., Yepiskoposyan L., Marjanović D., Kushniarevich A., and Behar D.

Abstract

© 2015 Karmin et al. It is commonly thought that human genetic diversity in non-African populations was shaped primarily by an out-of-Africa dispersal 50-100 thousand yr ago (kya). Here, we present a study of 456 geographically diverse high-coverage Y chromosome sequences, including 299 newly reported samples. Applying ancient DNA calibration, we date the Y-chromosomal most recent common ancestor (MRCA) in Africa at 254 (95% CI 192-307) kya and detect a cluster of major non-African founder haplogroups in a narrow time interval at 47-52 kya, consistent with a rapid initial colonization model of Eurasia and Oceania after the out-of-Africa bottleneck. In contrast to demographic reconstructions based on mtDNA, we infer a second strong bottleneck in Y-chromosome lineages dating to the last 10 ky. We hypothesize that this bottleneck is caused by cultural changes affecting variance of reproductive success among males.

50. A recent bottleneck of Y chromosome diversity coincides with a global change in culture

Author

Karmin M., Saag L., Vicente M., Wilson Sayres M., Järve M., Talas U., Rootsi S., Ilumäe A., Mägi R., Mitt M., Pagani L., Puurand T., Faltyskova Z., Clemente F., Cardona A., Metspalu E., Sahakyan H., Yunusbayev B., Hudjashov G., DeGiorgio M., Loogväli E., Eichstaedt C., Eelmets M., Chaubey G., Tambets K., Litvinov S., Mormina M., Xue Y., Ayub Q., Zoraqi G., Korneliussen T., Akhatova F., Lachance J., Tishkoff S., Momynaliev K., Ricaut F., Kusuma P., Razafindrazaka H., Pierron D., Cox M., Sultana G., Willerslev R., Muller C., Westaway M., Lambert D., Skaro V., Kovačević L., Turdikulova S., Dalimova D., Khusainova R., Trofimova N., Akhmetova V., Khidiyatova I., Lichman D., Isakova J., Pocheshkhova E., Sabitov Z., Barashkov N., Nymadawa P., Mihailov E., Seng J., Evseeva I., Migliano A., Abdullah S., Andriadze G., Primorac D., Atramentova L., Utevska O., Yepiskoposyan L., Marjanović D., Kushniarevich A., Behar D., Karmin M., Saag L., Vicente M., Wilson Sayres M., Järve M., Talas U., Rootsi S., Ilumäe A., Mägi R., Mitt M., Pagani L., Puurand T., Faltyskova Z., Clemente F., Cardona A., Metspalu E., Sahakyan H., Yunusbayev B., Hudjashov G., DeGiorgio M., Loogväli E., Eichstaedt C., Eelmets M., Chaubey G., Tambets K., Litvinov S., Mormina M., Xue Y., Ayub Q., Zoraqi G., Korneliussen T., Akhatova F., Lachance J., Tishkoff S., Momynaliev K., Ricaut F., Kusuma P., Razafindrazaka H., Pierron D., Cox M., Sultana G., Willerslev R., Muller C., Westaway M., Lambert D., Skaro V., Kovačević L., Turdikulova S., Dalimova D., Khusainova R., Trofimova N., Akhmetova V., Khidiyatova I., Lichman D., Isakova J., Pocheshkhova E., Sabitov Z., Barashkov N., Nymadawa P., Mihailov E., Seng J., Evseeva I., Migliano A., Abdullah S., Andriadze G., Primorac D., Atramentova L., Utevska O., Yepiskoposyan L., Marjanović D., Kushniarevich A., and Behar D.

Abstract

© 2015 Karmin et al. It is commonly thought that human genetic diversity in non-African populations was shaped primarily by an out-of-Africa dispersal 50-100 thousand yr ago (kya). Here, we present a study of 456 geographically diverse high-coverage Y chromosome sequences, including 299 newly reported samples. Applying ancient DNA calibration, we date the Y-chromosomal most recent common ancestor (MRCA) in Africa at 254 (95% CI 192-307) kya and detect a cluster of major non-African founder haplogroups in a narrow time interval at 47-52 kya, consistent with a rapid initial colonization model of Eurasia and Oceania after the out-of-Africa bottleneck. In contrast to demographic reconstructions based on mtDNA, we infer a second strong bottleneck in Y-chromosome lineages dating to the last 10 ky. We hypothesize that this bottleneck is caused by cultural changes affecting variance of reproductive success among males.

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