319 results on '"Evrard, O."'
Search Results
2. How to evaluate sediment fingerprinting source apportionments
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Batista, P. V. G., Laceby, J. P., and Evrard, O.
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- 2022
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3. Soil pollution in the European Union – An outlook
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Vieira, D.C.S., Yunta, F., Baragaño, D., Evrard, O., Reiff, T., Silva, V., de la Torre, A., Zhang, C., Panagos, P., Jones, A., and Wojda, P.
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- 2024
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4. Medium term high frequency observation of discharges and suspended sediment in a Mediterranean mountainous catchment
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Esteves, M., Legout, C., Navratil, O., and Evrard, O.
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- 2019
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5. OS SISTEMAS DE PRODUÇÃO PECUÁRIOS NA BACIA DO RIO IBIRAPUITÃ E SUAS RELAÇÕES COM ÁGUA E A ENERGIA NA PRODUÇÃO DE ALIMENTOS – NEXUS PAMPA
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SILVEIRA, V. C. P., primary, VIANA, João Garibaldi Almeida, additional, RIBEIRO, C. G., additional, RIBEIRO, C. M., additional, QUADROS, F. L. F., additional, TOURRAND, J., additional, MINELLA, J. P. G., additional, LONDERO, A. L., additional, SCHNEIDER, F. J. A., additional, SCHLESNER, A. A., additional, BERNARDI, F., additional, Carvalho, Cristiano S., additional, DAMBRÓZ, A. P. B., additional, RANGEL, T. S., additional, Barros, Cláudia Alessandra Peixoto de Barros, additional, TIECHER, TALES, additional, RAMON, R., additional, and EVRARD, O., additional
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- 2020
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6. MP_Database.v1.1 : première base de données permettant l’intercomparaison des contaminations en microplastiques dans les dépôts sédimentaires à différentes échelles spatiales et temporelles
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Dhivert, Elie, Andanson, J.M., Anquetil, Christelle, Askanian, Haroutioun, Ayrault, Sophie, Baltzer, Agnès, Barbier, Jean-Sébastien, Bordier, L., Bouzid, Nadia, Croiset, Camille, Delor-Jestin, Florence, Derenne, Sylvie, Desmet, Marc, Dris, Rachid, Evrard, O., Foucher, Anthony, Grosbois, Cécile, Lefèvre, Irène, Mourier, B., Pruvost, Jean, Tassin, Bruno, Verney, Vincent, Winiarski, T., Zalouk-Vergnoux, Aurore, Gasperi, Johnny, Gasperi, Johnny, Microplastiques dans les sédiments et les archives sédimentaires - - Sedi-PLAST2019 - ANR-19-CE34-0012 - AAPG2019 - VALID, GéoHydrosystèmes COntinentaux (GéHCO EA6293), Université de Tours (UT), Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national polytechnique Clermont Auvergne (INP Clermont Auvergne), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG - Nantes ), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (Nantes Univ - IGARUN), Nantes Université - pôle Humanités, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Humanités, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (Nantes Univ - IGARUN), Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Laboratoire Eau Environnement et Systèmes Urbains (LEESU), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Eau et Environnement (GERS-LEE ), Université Gustave Eiffel, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Des Substances et Organismes de la Mer - UR 2160 (ISOMER), Nantes Université - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques (Nantes Univ - UFR Pharmacie), Nantes Université - pôle Santé, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Santé, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, and ANR-19-CE34-0012,Sedi-PLAST,Microplastiques dans les sédiments et les archives sédimentaires(2019)
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[SDE] Environmental Sciences ,Sédiments ,Microplastiques ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences - Abstract
International audience
- Published
- 2023
7. Spatial and temporal variability of 7Be and 210Pb wet deposition during four successive monsoon storms in a catchment of northern Laos
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Gourdin, E., Evrard, O., Huon, S., Reyss, J.-L., Ribolzi, O., Bariac, T., Sengtaheuanghoung, O., and Ayrault, S.
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- 2014
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8. Modeling the migration of fallout radionuclides to quantify the contemporary transfer of fine particles in Luvisol profiles under different land uses and farming practices
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Jagercikova, M., Evrard, O., Balesdent, J., Lefèvre, I., and Cornu, S.
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- 2014
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9. Microplastiques dans les laisses de crue de la Seine
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Bouzid, Nadia, Bizeul, Rémi, Foucher, Anthony, Ayrault, Sophie, Evrard, O., Dris, Rachid, Tassin, Bruno, Gasperi, Johnny, Laboratoire Eau Environnement et Systèmes Urbains (LEESU), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Eau et Environnement (GERS-LEE ), Université Gustave Eiffel, and Bouzid, Nadia
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[SDE] Environmental Sciences ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences - Abstract
National audience; En rivière, le matériel particulaire est majoritairement transporté en période de crue. Des premiers travaux ont montré que c’était également le cas pour les microplastiques (MP). Ainsi sur le bassin de la Seine en 2018, la crue, qui n’a représenté que 15 % de la durée annuelle a contribué à 40 % du flux total de MP (Treilles et al. 2020). Nous combinons dans cette étude de 10 laisses de la crue de l’hiver 2021 sur la Seine au travers de la région parisienne, une approche sédimentologique permettant de caractériser l’origine du matériel particulaire et l’analyse des microplastiques (MP) qu’elles contiennent. Cette étude permet de mieux comprendre les dynamiques de transfert des MP dans les hydrosystèmes et particulièrement d'évaluer l’impact du milieu urbain grâce à une spatialisation fine des prélèvements à l’amont, au sein et à l’aval de Paris.Les MP ont été caractérisés par cartographie en spectroscopie µ-IRTF. Des concentrations élevées de MP ont été observées allant de 700 à 50 000 particules/kg. Les résultats préliminaires indiquent une augmentation des concentrations de l’amont à l’aval variant entre un facteur 5 à 80. En parallèle, des mesures sur l’activité des radionucléides (137Cs, 210Pb et 7Be) ont été réalisées pour déterminer les sources et la dynamique de ces sédiments transportés grâce à un modèle de mélange (Le Gall et al. 2018). Ces données permettront par la suite d’examiner la teneur et la diversité des MP au regard des sources sédimentaires.
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- 2022
10. Tracing sediment sources during floods using Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectrometry (DRIFTS): A case study in a highly erosive mountainous catchment (Southern French Alps)
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Poulenard, J., Legout, C., Némery, J., Bramorski, J., Navratil, O., Douchin, A., Fanget, B., Perrette, Y., Evrard, O., and Esteves, M.
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- 2012
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11. L'archive sédimentaire de l'étang Saint-Denis (Seine-et-Marne, France) : un révélateur des retombées atmosphériques en contaminants du dernier siècle ?
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Thiebault, Thomas, Foucher, Anthony, Grosbois, Cécile, Mouchel, Jean-Marie, Traoré, Sira, Alliot, Fabrice, Evrard, O., Ayrault, Sophie, Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GéoHydrosystèmes COntinentaux (GéHCO EA6293), Université de Tours (UT), and PIREN Seine phase 8
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[SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry ,[CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry ,[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment ,[SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society ,Panoply - Abstract
Within the framework of the Sedimentary Archives action within the PIREN-Seine program, a sediment core was sampled from the Saint-Denis pond located upstream of the Orgeval basin, in Seine-et-Marne. This coring site was selected because the watershed drained by this pond has a very limited extension (227 ha) and it is almost exclusively forested. The disconnection of this site from the Seine river corridor is intended to quantify atmospheric deposition of contaminants over the period archived in the pond, without the need to discriminate atmospheric inputs from other types of sources. The 54 cm long archive shows two facies, rather detrital in the lower part of the core, while in the upper part it is rather organic, demonstrating changes in the functioning of the sedimentary cascade, also evidenced by the characteristics of organic matter. The age model, based on 137Cs and 241Am activities shows a rather regular sedimentation rate since the end of the 19th century. The organic contaminants detected in this archive (PAHs, PCBs,organochlorine derivatives) are known for their relative volatility and persistence. However, since the 1970s, there has been a trend towards an increased contamination for all these compounds, explained by both the proximity of a potential source, the A4 freeway, and certain physical-chemical processes. Other analyses are in progress on other types of contaminants, and flux approaches will also be carried out in a subsequent step.; Dans le cadre de l'action Archives sédimentaires du programme PIREN-Seine, une carotte de sédiments a été prélevée dans l'étang Saint-Denis situé en amont du bassin de l'Orgeval, en Seine-et-Marne. Ce site de carottage a été sélectionné car le bassin versant drainé par cet étang est limité (227 ha) et quasi exclusivement forestier. La déconnexion de ce site avec le corridor fluvial de la Seine a pour objectif de quantifier les retombées atmosphériques en contaminants sur la période archivée dans l'étang, sans avoir à discriminer les apports atmosphériques liés à d'autres types de sources. L'archive, de 54 cm de long, présente deux faciès. Dans la partie basse de la carotte, celui-ci est plutôt détritique, tandis que dans la partie haute, il est plutôt organique, démontrant des modifications dans le fonctionnement de la cascade sédimentaire, également attestées par les caractéristiques de la matière organique. Le modèle d'âge, basé sur les activités en 137Cs et en 241Am, montre un taux de sédimentation plutôt régulier depuis la fin du XIXème siècle. Les contaminants organiques détectés dans ces sédiments (HAPs, PCBs, dérivés d’organochlorés) sont connus pour leur relative volatilité et leur rémanence. Toutefois, depuis les années 1970, on observe une tendance à l’augmentation des contaminationspour tous ces composés, qui peut être expliquée à la fois par la proximité d’une source potentielle (l’autoroute A4) et par certains processus physico-chimiques. D’autres analyses sont en cours sur d’autres types de contaminants, et des approches de calculs de flux seront également effectuées ultérieurement.
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- 2022
12. Stabilized Ferrates (VI): Synthesis Method and Applications
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Neveux, N., Aubertin, N., Gerardin, R., Evrard, O., Klute, Rudolf, editor, and Hahn, Hermann H., editor
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- 1994
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13. Remanence of lead pollution in an urban river system: a multi-scale temporal and spatial study in the Seine River basin, France
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Ayrault, S., Le Pape, P., Evrard, O., Priadi, C. R., Quantin, C., Bonté, P., and Roy-Barman, M.
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- 2014
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14. Applying geochemical and colour properties to quantify sediment sources in a Brazilian semiarid ephemeral river system
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Nascimento, R. C., Maia, A. J., Bezerra da Silva, Y .J. A., Amorim, F. F., Araujo do Nascimento, W. C., Tiecher, T., Evrard, O., Collins, A. L., Biondi, C. M., Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre] (UFRGS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Rothamsted Research North Wyke, Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI), and The contribution to this manuscript by ALC was funded by UKRI-BBSRC (UK Research and Innovation-Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council) grant award BBS/E/C/000I0330. This study was financed in part by the Coordenaçao ˜ de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001.
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Colour tracers ,[SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,Drylands ,Soil erosion ,Climate change ,[SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology ,Sediment transport ,[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology ,[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study ,[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment ,Sediment fingerprinting ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
International audience; The Brazilian semiarid is the most densely populated dry region in the world. Although climate change projections underline the need for the creation of integrated strategies to protect water resources in the semiarid, sediment source apportionment data remain scant for this environment. Accordingly, we evaluated sediment source contributions in one of the most relevant Brazilian semiarid catchments by combining geochemical and colour tracer properties. In doing so, we explored the applicability of colour tracers as a low-cost alternative to the use of time-consuming and costly properties, such as geochemical tracers. Two source classification schemes were used based on environmentally contrasting regions within the catchment (upper, middle and lower catchment parts) and land use (Caatinga biome-natural vegetation, unpaved roads, and channel banks). Suspended sediments (SS) and bed sediments (BS) were used as target sediment. A total of 660 individual source material samples were collected and composited. Geochemical and colour tracers were measured on the source and target sediment samples and used as potential fingerprints to discriminate and quantify the sediment source contributions. The geochemical tracers provided weak source discrimination based on land use. However, combining geochemical and colour tracers improved the final outputs. Using the MixSIAR model, the lower catchment contributed more sediment than the other regional sources. The Caatinga (SS = 49%; BS = 47%) contributed more sediment than channel banks (SS = 35%; BS = 39%). Overall, our results suggest that the recovery and conservation of the Caatinga vegetation and the stabilization of channel banks, especially in the lower catchment part, are critical for improving sediment supply control in the semiarid study basin. More studies are needed to evaluate the conservative behaviour of colour tracers in ephemeral rivers.
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- 2022
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15. Diffusion Bonding Between Inconel 600 and Alumina
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Tanghe, B., Evrard, O., Meynckens, J. P., Delannay, F., Grange, P., editor, and Delmon, B., editor
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- 1991
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16. High-Efficiency Backside Contact Solar Cells with a Self-Aligned Process and New Texturization Technique for Silicon
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Verlinden, P., Lafontaine, B., Evrard, O., Mazy, E., Crahay, A., Luque, A., editor, Sala, G., editor, Palz, W., editor, Dos Santos, G., editor, and Helm, P., editor
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- 1991
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17. Opinion: Using eDNA fingerprinting in high mountain environments to support soil restoration and hazard control
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Frankl, Amaury, Evrard, O., Verleyen, Elie, Cammeraat, Erik, Stokes, Alexia, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), World Association of Soil and Water Conservation (WASWAC), Italian Association of Agricultural Engineering (AIIA), Soil Erosion Division of CSWCS (China), and Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT)
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Vegetation ,[SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems ,Sediment source fingerprinting ,[SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,[SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy ,Landslides ,Soil Erosion - Abstract
International audience; Mitigating erosion, mass movements, and geohazards in high mountains is increasingly conceived within frameworks of ecological restoration, that is, recovering the form and function of ecosystems that have been damaged by degradation (Hubble et al. 2017). From a geomorphological point of view, ecological restoration involves both the prevention and control of slope and riverbank instabilities as well as the confinement of runoff and sediment regimes to the capacity river channels. In this regard, the practice of soil and water bioengineering is rapidly emerging as a short-term hazard control that can enable long-term ecological recovery (Rey et al. 2019). Vegetation, as a chief ecological engineer, is key to soil and water bioengineering applications. However, the application of soil and water bioengineering in high mountains is limited by severe ecological conditions, making plant establishment and ecological recovery times are slow in high mountains (Dupin et al. 2019).While applications of sediment source fingerprinting using for example geochemical or radionuclide soil signatures yield a rough distinction between sediment sources, they cannot reflect the multiple vegetation covers that are relevant source types and should be discriminated in high mountain environments to prioritize restoration works. Vegetation may be the most distinctive feature of high mountains, where the underlying lithology is heterogeneous and soils are mainly shallow and poorly developed. Because there are strong interrelations between land cover and geomorphological processes in high mountain environments (Geertsema and Pojar 2007; Giaccone et al. 2019; Lizaga et al. 2019), the use of land cover-based sediment tracers would be particularly meaningful. eDNA has the highest source discrimination potential in that regard, providing information up to the species level and reflecting changes in vegetation on over short timescales. Furthermore, eDNA signals in sediments will be strongest from areas experiencing higher erosion rates and which are highly connected with the hydrographic network. The use of eDNA sediment source fingerprinting would thus allow the investigation of complex and often poorly understood relationships between vegetation cover, restoration activities, and geomorphological response at the catchment scale.To improve the success rates of restoration activities, collaboration between scientists and stakeholders can accelerate technology transfer rates (Stokes et al. 2014; Giupponi et al. 2019; Rey et al. 2019). However, time and budget constraints often hamper in-situ monitoring of soil and water bioengineering applications, and very few monitoring programs exist (Giupponi et al. 2019). Knowledge of success rates is, however, essential for restoration (Frankl et al. 2021). To this end, sediment source fingerprinting has been shown to provide a valid framework for supporting soil restoration activities (Mukundan et al. 2012). Environmental DNA has already been used to successfully monitor restoration programs, but with a focus on fungal species (Yan et al., 2018). We opinionate that eDNA fingerprinting – as an emerging technique – could be particularly useful to support soil restoration and hazard control in high mountain environments.
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- 2021
18. Is Hematopoietic Clonality of Indetermined Potential a Risk Factor for Pulmonary Embolism?
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Jedraszak, G., primary, Soudet, S., additional, Evrard, O., additional, Marolleau, J.P., additional, Garcon, L., additional, and Pietri, M.A. Sevestre, additional
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- 2021
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19. How forensic science can lead the way in identifying culprit soil fingerprints in European mountains
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Frankl, Amaury, Evrard, O., Verleyen, Elle, Cammeraat, Erik, Stokes, Alexia, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Marie Curie Alumni Association, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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Europe ,Vegetation ,Landslide ,[SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems ,Erosion ,Earth and Environmental Sciences ,Environmental DNA ,[SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study ,[SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy - Abstract
International audience; Mountains in Europe are highly valued as they provide diverse living and recreational opportunities and unique landscapes, are key economic assets, and because they are treasures of unique flora and fauna. Their vulnerable environment is, however, threatened by the frequent occurrence of shallow landslides and water erosion which produce large amounts of sediment during floods. The urgency to mitigate natural hazards calls for an improved understanding of how physical and biological dimensions of soil restoration interact. We address this issue by investigating how environmental DNA (eDNA) or DNA of organisms isolated from environmental samples can be used to trace hotspots of soil erosion in the Bastan catchment in the Pyrenees (France). Based on the persistence eDNA from vascular plant litter in soils and sediments, and the possibilities offered by DNA metabarcoding to characterise whole plant communities to the species level, we argue that eDNA can be used as a high-resolution fingerprinting method for identifying and tracing sediment sources. As such, bridging the gaps between physical and biological connectivity features at the catchment scale will allow us to develop tangible soil restoration scenarios which incorporate hazard protection, landscape and biodiversity restoration.
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- 2021
20. Tracing total and dissolved material in a western Canadian basin using quality control samples to guide the selection of fingerprinting parameters for modelling
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Laceby, J.P., primary, Batista, P.V.G., additional, Taube, N., additional, Kruk, M.K., additional, Chung, C., additional, Evrard, O., additional, Orwin, J.F., additional, and Kerr, J.G., additional
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- 2021
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21. $Interactive\ comment\ on$ 'Understanding the role of water and tillage erosion from $^{239+240}$Pu tracer measurements using inverse modelling' by Florian Wilken et al
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Evrard, O., Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), EGU SOIL journal, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment - Abstract
https://www.soil-discuss.net/soil-2020-22/soil-2020-22-RC2-supplement.pdf; General comments This study quantifies soil redistribution due to both water and tillage erosion processes in a 4.2-ha catchment (corresponding to one single field) located in an intensively cultivated region of Northeastern Germany. To reach this goal, Pu-239+240 inventory measurements have been conducted (and interpolated) and an inverse modelling approach (based on the SPEROS-Pu conceptual model) has been undertaken. Overall, the study was well designed (through a nice nested sampling approach with five densified sub-grids). In total, soil cores were collected at 219 locations (including 10 detailed depth profiles sampled at different topographic locations C1
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- 2020
22. Development of a method to identify alpha-emitter-bearing- particles in soil samples collected in the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) area
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Diacre, Aurélie, Faure, Anne-Laure, Moureau, Agnès, Marie, Olivier, Griffiths, Nina, Evrard, O., Pointurier, Fabien, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire de Radiotoxicologie (LRT), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment - Abstract
International audience; The Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident that occurred in March 2011 released significant quantities of radionuclides in the environment. So far, most of the research focused on radio-cesium and rarely on actinides. Until now, most of the studies on uranium and plutonium released by FDNPP were conducted on bulk environmental samples (soil, sediment, biota, etc.) and rarely on individual particles The investigation of individual particles allows working on the FDNPP signature alone compared to studies of bulk material which may also incorporate the signature of global fallout. Accordingly, the objective of the current research is to identify and characterize actinide-bearing particles in soil samples collected in the vicinity of FDNPP to get a better understanding of their formation mechanisms and of their fate in the environment. In order to identify and locate actinide-bearing particles in soil samples, we developed and implemented a method based on alpha-autoradiography (Jaegler et al., 2019), which allows identifying and locating specifically alpha-emitters, including plutonium isotopes 239Pu, 240Pu and 241Pu using a CR39 SSNTD device (Solid State Nuclear Tracks Detector). Before alpha-autoradiography samples were dried, grinded with an agate mortar and sieved to several cutoffs: 1mm, 700µm, 400µm, 200µm, 100µm and 63µm. Cutoffs were chosen according to the sizes of actinide-bearing particles detected by Satou et al (2018). The absence of significant loss of uranium particles by the sieving process was demonstrated by the analysis of a test soil sample with a 137 Cs activity below 650 Bq/kg spiked with depleted uranium reference particles. After sieving, the test sample was deposited onto a carbon planchet for secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis in order to determine the particle recovery yield. Then, the detection of actinide-bearing particles by means of alpha autoradiography was performed on various soil samples collected in the vicinity of FDNPP. Longer exposure times logically improve the detection efficiency of alpha-emitters-bearing particles. However, the exposure time should not exceed two months to limit the impact of emissions from naturally-occurring alpha-emitters.
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- 2020
23. Soil degradation due to the conversion of native grassland into cropland in the Pampa biome -(Southern Brazil) and impact on suspended sediment supply to the rivers
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Ramon, Rafael, Evrard, O., Tiecher, Tales, Huon, Sylvain, Bernardi, Felipe, Batista, Antônio, Tiecher, Tadeu, Vaury, Véronique, Minella, Jean, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre] (UFRGS), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria = Federal University of Santa Maria [Santa Maria, RS, Brazil] (UFSM), Instituto Federal Farroupilha, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)
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[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
International audience
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- 2020
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24. Retention of Be-10, Cs-137 and Pb-210(xs) in soils : impact of physico-chemical characteristics
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de Tombeur, F., Cornu, S., Bourles, D. L., Duvivier, A., Pupier, J., Brossard, Michel, Evrard, O., and Equipe Aster
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Bearing phases ,Tracers ,Cosmogenic nuclides ,Fallout ,Transfers in soils ,Radionuclides - Abstract
The Be-10, Cs-137 and Pb-210(xs) radionuclide fallout has been used for the last several decades to quantify various soil and geomorphological processes on different time scales. However, a basic assumption of the studies relying on these radionuclides is that they have a strong affinity for soil particles and that their mobility in soil solution and losses through leaching can be neglected. Another area of the scientific literature deals with the radionuclide mobility in soils as solute. In that context, the objective of this work is to determine the pedological conditions under which this hypothesis of poor solute mobility of radionuclides is valid. To this end, meteoric Be-10, Cs-137 and Pb-210(xs) concentrations were measured in six soil profiles representative of 5 soil types contrasted in terms of physico-chemical properties: an Andosol and a Luvisol under pasture, a Ferralsol and a Leptosol under forest and a Podzol both under forest and cultivation. The main soil properties (soil pH, organic carbon (OC) content, particle size distribution and specific extractions) were measured. The < 2 mu m fraction was extracted to measure radionuclide activities and undertake mineralogical analysis. Results show that meteoric Be-10 is significantly leached from soils whose pH(w) is lower than 5, regardless of the < 2 mu m particle proportion and Fe oxides content. Significant Cs-137 losses through leaching can generally be neglected except in sandy soils whose pH(w) is lower than 4.5 (Podzol). No significant Pb-210(xs) losses were evidenced. For the three radionuclides considered, the major part of their budget is associated with the < 2 mu m fraction. However, concerning the Andosol, the proportion of radionuclide budget associated with the < 2 mu m fraction represents < 40%. With regards to the forested Podzol, two thirds of the Pb-210(xs) budget is associated with the litter. Well-crystallized Fe oxides, illite and interlayered clay minerals as well as allophane, imogolite and other Al-phases in the Andosol and kaolinite in highly weathered acidic soils (Ferralsol) were found to efficiently retain Be-10. Finally, litter degradation and the content of large particulate organic matter were shown to control Pb-210(xs) concentrations. As expected, our results highlight strong contrasts in the retention of the considered isotopes according to soil physico-chemical properties. Accordingly, their mobility and losses through solute transport should be considered when using them for quantifying solid transport and future mass transport models must be improved, in particular through the addition of a solute transfer term. Otherwise, soil redistribution might be strongly overestimated for Podzols, Ferralsols and also most probably for other acidic tropical soil types (Nitisols, Acrisols, Plinthisols).
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- 2020
25. Structures sociales et structures génétiques dans les populations humaines
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Chaix, R., Ly, G., Laurent, R., Lafosse, S., TOUPANCE, B., Monidarin, C., Evrard, O., Bourdier, F., Pavard, S., Éco-Anthropologie (EAE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Patrimoines locaux, Environnement et Globalisation (PALOC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU), UMR Développement et Sociétés, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Éco-Anthropologie (EA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), and UMR Développement et Sociétés (DEVSOC)
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Organisation sociale ,Residence ,Diversité génétique ,Résidence ,[SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE] ,[SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology ,[SHS.ANTHRO-SE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology ,Matrilineal puzzle ,Genetic diversity ,Social organisation ,Puzzle matrilinéaire ,[SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics ,Système de parenté ,Kinship systems - Abstract
International audience; n this note, we summarize the talk given at the SAP conference 2019 regarding the field of ethnogenetics, that studies the influence of kinship systems on the genetic diversity of human populations.We will present some of the main results of an ethnogenetic study led in twelve Southeast Asian populations exhibiting various kinship systems, with matrilineal, patrilineal and cognatic descent. This study contributes to highlight that processes of residence, descent and alliance shape the genetic diversity of human populations. This opens new perspectives, notably understanding better the present dynamics of kinship systems thanks to genetic data, and tracing back their evolution through time thanks to archeogenetic data. However, this work also shows that the signatures left by a given type of social organization are variable depending on the extent to which the rule is observed, inviting to be careful when inferring past social systems from archeogenetic data. The genetic impact of the « matrilineal puzzle » is also discussed.; Dans cette note, nous revenons sur les grandes lignes de la conférence donnée lors des journées de la SAP 2019 concernant le champ actuel de l'ethnogénétique, qui s'intéresse entre autres à l'influence des systèmes de parenté sur la diversité génétique des populations humaines. Nous présentons certains des résultats principaux d'une étude ethnogénétique menée en Asie du Sud-Est dans douze populations présentant des systèmes de parenté variés, à filiation patrilinéaire, matrilinéaire et cognatique. Les données ethno-démographiques et génétiques collectées montrent que les processus de résidence, de filiation et d'alliance façonnent la diversité génétique des populations humaines. Ce champ de recherche ouvre ainsi de nouvelles perspectives : mieux connaître, à partir des données génétiques, la dynamique des systèmes de parenté actuels, et retracer leur évolution à travers le temps grâce aux données archéogénétiques. Cependant, les données ethno-démographiques montrent également que le niveau d'observance des règles varie entre populations catégorisées dans un même système de parenté, ce qui module les signatures génétiques laissées par ce système de parenté et invite à une certaine prudence concernant l'inférence des structures sociales du passé à partir des données archéogéné-tiques. L'impact du « puzzle matrilinéaire » sur la diversité génétique autosomale est également discuté.
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- 2020
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26. Synthesizing alkali ferrates using a waste as a raw material
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Kanari, N., Ostrosi, E., Ninane, L., Neveux, N., and Evrard, O.
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- 2005
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27. MOS transient: A powerful analysis technique for in-process monitoring of nuclear detectors
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Evrard, O., Burger, P., Broz, F., Buul, L. van, Keters, M., and Verplancke, J.
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- 1999
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28. New Processes for Alkali Ferrate Synthesis
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Ninane, L., primary, Kanari, N., additional, Criado, C., additional, Jeannot, C., additional, Evrard, O., additional, and Neveux, N., additional
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- 2008
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29. Crystalline silicon thin films: A promising approach for photovoltaics?
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Slaoui, A., Monna, R., Poortmans, J., Vermeulen, T., Evrard, O., Said, K., and Nijs, J.
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- 1998
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30. Hydro-sedimentary dynamics of a drained agricultural catchment: a focus on tile drainage
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Thomas Grangeon, Manière, L., Anthony Foucher, Rosalie Vandromme, Olivier Cerdan, Evrard, O., Isabelle Pene-Galland, Vanhooydonck, P., Sebastien Salvador-Blanes, and Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)
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[SDE]Environmental Sciences - Abstract
International audience; Rural landscapes were extensively modified by human activities in Western Europe since the beginning of the 20 th century. Cultivated areas expanded in wetlands traditionally used as grassland. These expansions were associated with extensive anthropogenic modifications of the landscape, for instance through the implementation of artificial tile drainage networks, increasing water drainage from soils. These networks increase the water and sediment connectivity from plots to rivers, creating new transfer pathways beneath the soil surface. As traditional soil conservation measures, such as grass strips, were designed to limit transfers by surface runoff, tile drain make sediment particles bypass these measures. Moreover, these transfers mobilize small particles (in the order 10-5-10-6 m) with a high adsorption potential, making them possibly detrimental for the environment. It is therefore crucial to understand the water and sediment transfer dynamics occurring through tile drainage, and their importance at both the plot and catchment scales. Although tile drainage was studied at the plot scale, for instance to analyze nutrients transfers, the high frequency behavior of sediment transfer from tile drainage, and its potential impacts at the catchment scale, is still poorly understood. Our research quantified sediment fluxes with a high frequency (10 minutes time step) during three years at five nested stations including a tile drain outlet across a small (25 km 2) agricultural catchment (Loire River basin, France) representative of lowland cultivated environments. This catchment was largely modified by anthropogenic features: streams were redesigned and more than 67% of the fields are equipped with tile drainage networks. Flows from the drain were measured during 11.4% of the monitoring time. The nested tile drainage-catchment monitoring network allowed quantifying both the sediment fluxes from tile drain, an often overlooked process, and its proportion in the associated catchment sediment fluxes. Most of sediment fluxes (79 ± 9%) were measured during flood events (n = 44), mostly occurring in winter (75%) and spring (20%). Seasonality therefore controlled most of the variations of sediment fluxes in this context, meaning that the hydrosedimentary response of the catchment should be studied during long observations periods.
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- 2019
31. Combining colour and magnetic properties with geochemical tracers to improve discrimination of sediment sources in the Conceição River Catchment, Southern Brazil
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Ramon, Rafael, Tiecher, Tales, Evrard, O., Laceby, J. Patrick, Caner, Laurent, Minella, Jean P.G., Barros, Cláudia, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre] (UFRGS), Alberta Environment and Parks (AEP), Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria = Federal University of Santa Maria [Santa Maria, RS, Brazil] (UFSM), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Poitiers-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)
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[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,[SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology ,[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology ,[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study ,[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment - Abstract
International audience; An important step in the sediment source fingerprinting approach is the selection of the appropriate tracing parameters to maximise source discrimination. In order to reduce uncertainties and increase discrimination between sources it may be necessary to use multiple tracing parameters. Accordingly, this study investigates the discrimination and apportionment of sediment sources in a rural agricultural catchment obtained by combining colour, magnetic, and geochemical fingerprinting approaches. The Conceição River catchment (804 km 2) has predominantly deep and highly weathered Ferralsols with land-use consisting of croplands (73%), pastures (18%), forests (8%) and other uses (1%). A total of 189 samples were taken from the main sediment sources, including: Crop-lands (CR, n=78), pastures (P, n=24), unpaved roads (UR, n=38), gullies (G, n=15) and stream bank (SB, n=34). Sediment samples were taken from the surface bed (n=10) of the river and with time integrated samplers (n=4). Twenty-two geochemical tracers, 6 magnetic properties and 24 colour parameters were analyzed. Tracers were selected following a three step procedure, including: (i) a conservative range test (95% confident interval), (ii) a Kruskal-Wallis H test, and (iii) discriminant function analysis (DFA). The DFA was performed using four different sets of variables: (i) geochemical variables only (G); (ii) geochemical+magnetic+colour (GMC); (iii) geochemi-cal+colour (GC); (iv) geochemical+magnetic (GM). The selected tracers were introduced into a modified version of the classical Solver-based mixing model that in order to determine the relative contribution of different sources to in-stream sediment through simultaneously minimizing mixing model difference. The G and GC DFAs both resulted 69% of samples correct classified (SCC) as no colour parameters were selected by the DFA. The GMC and GM approaches improved the discrimination, both resulting in 76% of SCC. For the G and GC approaches, the average source contribution for the 12 sediment samples were P 47%, SB 29%, CR 19%, UR 5% and G 0%. For the GMC and GM approaches, the contribution of each source was P 41%, SB 37%, CR 14%, UR 8% and G 0%. These results are counterintuitive to field observations where cropland is anticipated to contribute more sediment than pastures. Future research should use artificial mixtures to validate these results. Both magnetic and colour parameters hold potential to improve discrimination between sources, particularly magnetic parameters in catchments with high weathered soils.
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- 2019
32. Long-term hydro-sedimentary monitoring and modelling for the conservationist planning of the soil and water in a small catchment in southern Brazil
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Minella, Jean, Barros, Cláudia, Merten, Gustavo, Ramon, Rafael, Schlesner, Alexandre, Tiecher, Tales, Evrard, O., Bernardi, Felipe, Menezes, Danrlei, Carvalho, Cristiano, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria = Federal University of Santa Maria [Santa Maria, RS, Brazil] (UFSM), Departamento de Solos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre] (UFRGS), University of Minnesota [Duluth], University of Minnesota System, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] ,[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences ,[SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology ,[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology ,[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study ,[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment - Abstract
International audience; The hydrological dynamics of a small rural river catchment in southern Brazil have been used to understand the impact of agricultural activity on soil and water resource degradation. The monitoring and modeling strategies employed to better understand the integrated phenomena focus on surface flow dynamics and the associated processes, such as erosion, sediment yield (SY), and chemical element transfer. In this context, monitoring and modeling techniques are combined in order to include the main hydrological processes involved in soil and water resource degradation. The project began in 2002 and over 500 rainfall-runoff-sediment events and suspended sediment concentration make up the hydrological database under different land use and soil management conditions. The 1.2 km2 catchment of the study is characterized by the presence of shallow soils, high slope, intense agricultural activity, and high SY (∼150 t.km-2.y-1). Techniques that enable the identification of the origin and redistribution of sediments (e.g fingerprinting approach and Cs137) and hydrograph analysis are being used to further understand the dynamics of SY in the catchment. The comprehension of the factors involved in the SY dynamics has allowed the improvement and application of different mathematical models (e.g., LISEM and WATERSHED) to simulate surface flow and SY. These models are used to represent the influence of soil and water conservation practices while considering the interaction between the different landscape components (crops, roads, drainage network, etc.). From this set of data and tools, the capacity of the agricultural production system, drainage network, wetlands and riparian forests in accelerating or retarding water flow, sediment, and chemical elements in the landscape are evaluated. All of these studies have been used to improve soil and water conservation practices at catchment scale, meeting the expectations of farmers in erosion control and water storage as well as of the society interested in maintaining the hydrological functions of soils in catchment scale.
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- 2019
33. The scale dependency of erosion and runoff for two agricultural catchments in the Western Paris Basin, France
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Olivier Cerdan, Valentin Landemaine, Benoît Laignel, Evrard, O., Sebastien Salvador-Blanes, Thomas Grangeon, Rosalie Vandromme, John-Patrick Laceby, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), GéoHydrosystèmes COntinentaux (GéHCO EA6293), Université de Tours (UT), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tours, and Cerdan, Olivier
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[SDU.STU.GM] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology ,[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology ,[SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology ,[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology ,[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study ,[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study - Abstract
International audience; A major challenge in geomorphology is reconciling the disparity between runoff coefficients and erosion ratesfrom the field to the catchment scale. In the European loess belt, a decrease of runoff coefficients and erosion ratesoccurs with increasing spatial scales. Indeed, it is important to understand the scale dependency of run-off anderosion to manage the off-site impacts of accelerated soil erosion. Accordingly, a continuous simulation of the scaledependency of runoff and erosion, from the field scale to the catchment scale (100 – 1000 km2) was conducted withtheWater and Sediment (WaterSed) model for two catchments (Andelle-756 km2, and Austreberthe-214 km2) over12 years (>1000 events). Scale effects were evident with a 100-fold decrease in runoff coefficients and sedimentdelivery ratios between the field scale and the catchment scale. In spite of a low variability of the annual rainfall(19%), the inter-annual variability of the runoff volume (37%) and erosion rates (92%) at catchment outlets werehigh. The inter-annual variability of runoff and erosion was closely linked to the number of extreme events peryear and their distribution through the year, in particular during periods with highly crusted soil surface states.For these high magnitude events, a complex distributed modelling approach was not necessary as the ability ofthe soil surface and of the landscape to retain overland flows are largely exceeded. The seasonality of soil surfacecharacteristics also affected the scale dependency of runoff and erosion, from the field scale to the catchment scale.However, this is only observed up to a certain spatial extent, i.e. where hillslope erosion processes are governedby hortonian overland flow. When saturation flows are generated, topography and soil depth become the dominantfactors. Understanding runoff and sediment response at different scales should focus on the location and amountof runoff and sediment production within the catchment and the capacity of the downstream flow path to retainor transfer overland flow and sediment. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the need to implement model thatrepresent both hortonian and saturation flows when simulating erosion events at the catchment scale.
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- 2019
34. Tracing the sources of suspended sediment and particle-bound trace metal elements in an urban catchment coupling elemental and isotopic geochemistry, and fallout radionuclides
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Froger, Claire, Ayrault, Sophie, Evrard, O., Monvoisin, Gaël, Bordier, Louise, Lefèvre, Irène, Quantin, Cecile, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géosciences Paris Sud (GEOPS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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sediment fingerprinting ,lead isotopes ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences ,legacy contamination ,recent sediment ,Road Deposited Sediment ,Panoply - Abstract
International audience; The excessive supply of contaminants from urban areas to rivers during the last centuries has led to deleterious impacts on aquatic ecosystems. The sources, the behavior and the dynamics of these contaminants must be better understood in order to reduce this excessive anthropogenic pollution. Accordingly, the current research investigated the particle-bound trace element (TE) contamination of the 900-km² Orge River (Seine basin, France) and the potential sources of these particles (agricultural or forest soils, channel banks, road deposited sediments), through the analysis of multiple fallout radionuclides, elemental geochemistry and lead isotopic composition on suspended particulate matter (SPM) collected during a hydrological year at four stations following an increasing urbanization gradient (300 to 5000 inhab.km-2). Fallout radionuclide measurements showed an increasing contribution of recently eroded particles from urban areas to the SPM in downstream direction. However, this contribution varied depending on hydrological conditions. A greater contribution of particles originating from urban areas was observed during low stage periods. On the contrary, the contribution of agricultural soils and channel banks that are less enriched in contaminants and fallout radionuclides was higher during seasonal floods, which explained the dilution of radionuclide contents in sediment transiting the river during those events. Trace element contamination of SPM in Cu, Zn, Pb and Sb increased from moderate to significant levels with urban pressure in downstream direction (with corresponding enrichment factors raising from 2 to 6). In addition, Pb isotopic ratios indicated that the main source of Pb corresponded to the "urban" signature found in road deposited sediments. The low variations in lead isotope ratios found in the SPM for contrasting hydrological conditions demonstrated the occurrence of a single source of Pb contamination. These results demonstrate the need to better manage urban runoff during both flood and low precipitation events to prevent the supply of diffuse particle-bound contamination to rivers draining urban areas.
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- 2018
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35. Determination of 236U/238U ratios in environmental samples using ICP-MS/MS
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Diez, Fernandez, S., Isnard, H., Pointurier, F., Jaegler, H., Bresson, C., Nonell, A., Chartier, F., Evrard, O., Hubert, A., CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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uranium ,[PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th] ,isotope ratios ,ICP-MS/MS ,[PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex] ,FDNPP - Abstract
International audience; On account of the virtual absence of 236U in nature and its abundance closely related to its provenance, the 236U/238U ratio has been commonly employed as a tracer to provide information in source identification for safeguard purposes, nuclear forensic studies and environmental monitoring. Due to their high performance capabilities, ICP-MS techniques are currently the most widely employed to perform radionuclide determination. However, in the case of 236U and due to its very low relative abundance, its determination is limited by the formation of 235U1H+ in the plasma and by the influence of the tail of the major isotope 238U (abundance sensitivity).In this work, we present an approach based on the ICP-MS/MS technology to determine 236U/238U ratios in environmental samples. The combination of two quadrupole-based mass filters, before (Q1) and after (Q2) the cell, in the MS/MS configuration provides abundance sensitivity values lower than 10-10, avoiding the influence of the 238U tail. In order to reduce the influence of the hydridebased interferences, different desolvation systems have been evaluated in relation to the sensitivity and the hydride rate obtained. In-cell ion-molecule reactions with O2 and CO2 have also been assessed to detect the uranium isotopes in mass-shift mode (Q1 U+ et61664; Q2 UO+). Best conditions provided a hydride rate value (235U16O1H+/235U16O+) in the order of 10-7. Finally, the methodology was validated with IRMM certified standards, and successfully applied to the determination of 236U/238U ratios in U samples from soils originating from the radioactive contamination plume caused by the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. Ratios down to 10-9 have been obtained with precisions lower than 20.
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- 2018
36. Comparing conventional and alternative sediment tracing methods to quantify the sources of sediment transiting rivers of South Pacific Islands
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Sellier, Virginie, Evrard, O., Navratil, O., Laceby, J. Patrick, Legout, Cédric, Lefèvre, Irène, Allenbach, Michel, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnement, Ville, Société (EVS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environmental Monitoring and Science Division of Alberta (EMSD), Alberta Government, Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), Institut de sciences exactes et appliquées (ISEA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Environnement Ville Société (EVS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])
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[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,[SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology ,[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology ,[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study ,[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment ,[SDU.STU.AG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Applied geology - Abstract
International audience; Soil erosion and subsequent sediment transfer in rivers may be intense in tropical regions exposed to heavy rainfall. In New Caledonia, a French island located in the southwest of the Pacific Ocean, these problems are exacerbated by nickel open-mining activities. After more than 150 years of exploitation, the excessive sediment input from mining areas has strongly modified the morphology of rivers (hyper-sedimentation) and impacted the island's ecosystems designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Despite the severity of these problems, the contribution of mining activities to sediment transiting rivers of this region has not yet been quantified, and this estimation is required to guide the implementation of efficient management measures to mitigate the fine sediment supply to New Caledonian rivers and lagoons. To this end, a pilot sediment tracing study has been conducted in one of the first sites exploited for nickel mining, the 400-km$^2$ Thio River catchment. Sediment deposited during the February 25, 2015 flood was collected according to a 'tributary tracing ap-proach' on the main stem of the Thio River and its main tributaries classified in two types (rivers draining mining sites vs. those devoid of mining activity and where sediment is supplied by landslides, cattle trampling and erosion following forest fires). As nickel mining has mainly developed on peridotite massifs enriched in Mn and Fe oxides, mining sources generate orange or red-coloured sediments, whereas the areas devoid of mining activities rather supply grey material to the rivers. Accordingly, the applicability of alternative sediment tracing method such as spectrocolorimetry in the visible (VIS) range of the spectrum was investigated. The results of this method were compared to those obtained with conventional methods based on fallout radionuclides. Thorium (Th) contents estimated based on the measurement of Th-228 by gamma spectrometry provided a better discrimination between both sources than Cs-137 and unsupported Pb-210. This is likely explained by the low levels of fallout radionuclides (mainly Cs-137) in this region of the world, and by the natural Th enrichment in the volcano-sedimentary formation rocks, devoid of mining activities. On the contrary, the peridotite massif rocks concentrating the nickel mining activities were depleted in Th. Accordingly, the application of a distribution modelling approach based on Th contents showed that tributaries draining mining sites were the main source of sediment supplied to the Thio River (mean 59 %), although the contributions of no-mining sources was far from negligible. Similar results were found with the spectrocolorimetry parameters. After validation, these two methods will be applied to a sediment core collected in the Thio river deltaic plain to characterize potential changes in sediment source contributions over time. Potential applications in other catchments draining mines in New Caledonia will also be explored.
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- 2018
37. Discriminating the contribution of global fallout and Chernobyl to anthropogenic fallout radionuclide inventories in soils of Europe
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Evrard, O., Meusburger, Katrin, van Oost, Kristof, Borrelli, Pasquale, Ketterer, Michael, Mabit, Lionel, Lefèvre, Irène, Alewell, Christine, Panagos, Panos, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Fédéral de Recherches sur la Forêt, la Neige et le Paysage (WSL), Institut Fédéral de Recherches [Suisse], Centre Georges Lemaître for Earth and Climate Research [Louvain] (TECLIM), Earth and Life Institute [Louvain-La-Neuve] (ELI), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL)-Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), University of Basel (Unibas), Metropolitan State University of Denver, Soil and Water Management & Crop Nutrition Laboratory (SWMCN Laboratory), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO)-International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] (IAEA), JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Université Paris-Saclay - Programme d'Alembert, FNRS (Belgium) - grant number J006517F, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
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[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,[SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology ,[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study ,[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment ,[CHIM.RADIO]Chemical Sciences/Radiochemistry - Abstract
International audience; Fieldwork was conducted every 6 months between 2011 and 2017 to monitor the dispersion of sediment contaminated with radionuclides in rivers draining the main Fukushima radioactive pollution plume (~500 km²). Fine sediment was systematically collected at the same locations (n=47) and analysed for gamma-emitting radionuclides (including 137Cs and 110mAg). A selection of samples was also analysed for carbon/nitrogen concentrations and isotopes. Organic matter analyses showed that paddy fields provided the main source of contaminated sediment to the rivers shortly after the accident. The spatial variations of the 110mAg:137Cs activity ratio in soils were used to demonstrate the very rapid export of sediment to the Pacific Ocean. However, this tool could only be used during the first campaigns, because of the quick decay of 110mAg. Overall, radiocesium concentrations measured in sediment deposits decreased by ~90% between 2011 and 2017. This may be explained by remediation works, by a massive export of material during typhoons and by the occurrence of landslides or channel bank erosion that supply material sheltered from the Fukushima fallout to the river network. Consequently, 6 years after the accident, most of the residual radioactive contamination is found in forests and in dam reservoirs. The analysis of sediment cores collected in a reservoir confirmed the significant storage of contaminated material in these lakes and that paddy fields provided their main source. Ongoing research focuses on the development of a soil erosion model and on the quantification of the impact of remediation works.
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- 2018
38. Tracing the sources and dynamics of contaminated sediment in coastal rivers draining the main Fukushima radioactive fallout plume using gamma-emitting radionuclides and carbon/nitrogen stable isotopes (2011-2017)
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Evrard, O., Laceby, J. Patrick, Onda, Yuichi, Hayashi, Seiji, Tsuji, Hideki, Huon, Sylvain, Lefèvre, Irène, Jaegler, Hugo, Landemaine, Valentin, Vandromme, Rosalie, Cerdan, Olivier, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Alberta Environment and Parks (AEP), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, National Institute for Environmental Science [Fukushima], Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011), ANR-11-JAPN-0001,TOFU,Traçage des conséquences environnementales du tsunami provoqué par le séisme de TOhoku et de l'accident de FUkushima(2011), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Evrard, Olivier, AMORAD1 - - AMORAD2011 - ANR-11-RSNR-0002 - RSNR - VALID, and Great Tohoku Earthquake - Traçage des conséquences environnementales du tsunami provoqué par le séisme de TOhoku et de l'accident de FUkushima - - TOFU2011 - ANR-11-JAPN-0001 - JAPON - VALID
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[SDE] Environmental Sciences ,[SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,[SDU.STU.GM] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology ,[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology ,[SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology ,[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology ,[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study ,[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study ,[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment ,[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment - Abstract
International audience; Fieldwork was conducted every 6 months between 2011 and 2017 to monitor the dispersion of sediment contaminated with radionuclides in rivers draining the main Fukushima radioactive pollution plume (~500 km²). Fine sediment was systematically collected at the same locations (n=47) and analysed for gamma-emitting radionuclides (including 137Cs and 110mAg). A selection of samples was also analysed for carbon/nitrogen concentrations and isotopes. Organic matter analyses showed that paddy fields provided the main source of contaminated sediment to the rivers shortly after the accident. The spatial variations of the 110mAg:137Cs activity ratio in soils were used to demonstrate the very rapid export of sediment to the Pacific Ocean. However, this tool could only be used during the first campaigns, because of the quick decay of 110mAg. Overall, radiocesium concentrations measured in sediment deposits decreased by ~90% between 2011 and 2017. This may be explained by remediation works, by a massive export of material during typhoons and by the occurrence of landslides or channel bank erosion that supply material sheltered from the Fukushima fallout to the river network. Consequently, 6 years after the accident, most of the residual radioactive contamination is found in forests and in dam reservoirs. The analysis of sediment cores collected in a reservoir confirmed the significant storage of contaminated material in these lakes and that paddy fields provided their main source. Ongoing research focuses on the development of a soil erosion model and on the quantification of the impact of remediation works.
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- 2018
39. Les effets de la crue de juin 2016 sur la qualité de l'eau du bassin de la Seine
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Nicolas Flipo, Jean-Marie Mouchel, Cédric Fisson, Shuaitao Wang, Marion Le Gall, Sophie Ayrault, Pierre Labadie, Johnny Gasperi, Sophie Guillon, Hélène Budzinski, Evrard, O., Thomas Romary, Emilie Chautru, Déborah Abhervé, Gaëlle Chevillotte, J-B, Narcy, Aline Cattan, Michel Meybeck, Centre de Géosciences (GEOSCIENCES), Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupement d’Intérêt Public Seine-Aval (GIP-Seine-Aval), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Eau Environnement et Systèmes Urbains (LEESU), AgroParisTech-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agence de l'Eau Seine-Normandie, Nicolas Flipo, Jean-Marie Mouchel, Cédric Fisson, Guillon, Sophie, Nicolas Flipo, Jean-Marie Mouchel, Cédric Fisson, MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-PSL Research University (PSL), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle Régional des Savoirs, Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), laboratoire Eau Environnement et Systèmes Urbains (LEESU), Patrimoines Locaux et Gouvernance (PALOC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
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[SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry ,[SDU.STU.GC] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry ,[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology ,[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
International audience
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- 2018
40. Gestion et valorisation des carottes sédimentaires à but scientifique en France : vers un système intégré
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cecile Pignol, Fabien Arnaud, Julien Ancelin, Laurent Augustin, Karim Bernardet, Isabelle Billy, Arnaud Caillo, Michel Calzas, Xavier Crosta, Maxime Debret, Franck Delalee, Anne-Lise Develle, Evrard, O., Bruno Galabertier, Elodie Godinho, Cécile Grosbois, Wilfried Heintz, Brice Mourier, Christine Plumejeaud, Eric Quinton, Mathias Rouan, Pierre Stéphan, Pierre Sabatier, Grafenstein U. Von, Vincent Bretagnolle, Denis-Didier Rousseau, Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Division technique INSU/SDU (DTI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), C2FN, CNRS DT-INSU, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupement de Recherche Eau, Sol, Environnement (GRESE), Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural (DYNAFOR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Impacts des Polluants sur les Écosystèmes, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMR 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecosystèmes aquatiques et changements globaux (UR EABX), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG - Brest), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Équipe 5 - Impacts des Polluants sur les Écosystèmes, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN)
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[SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering ,[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,[SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,[SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society - Abstract
International audience; Les carottes sédimentaires font l'objet d'un intérêt grandissant de la part des paléo-environnementalistes mais également d’écologues qui s'intéressent à la trajectoire des écosystèmes (Pansu et al., 2015; Perga et al., 2015). Les carottes marines ou continentales prélevées dans le cadre de consortiums internationaux (IODP, ICDP) donnent l’exemple depuis des décennies en terme de partage d’échantillons pour ce type d’étude ; plus récemment l’augmentation de ré-études massives de données publiées (Bolliet et al., 2016; Cartapan is et al., 2016) démontrent la valeur de ces échantillons et des données associées. De leur côté depuis quelques années, les législateurs et financeurs poussent à l’ouverture, au partage et à la traçabilité des données : on peut citer l’OCDE, l’UE, l’ERC... Comment notre communauté peut-elle s’inscrire au quotidien dans ces processus qui demandent de profonds changements culturels dans nos pratiques de recherche ? C’est pour tenter d’apporter une réponse à cette question que nous avons cherché à développer un système intégré de captation et de gestion des métadonnées des échantillons issus de forages scientifiques, qui puisse être implémenté au niveau national et connecté à des initiatives internationales, sur lequel pourront venir s’appuyer les futurs Plans de Gestion de Données. Par une approche bottom-up, pragmatique et au plus près des pratiques des équipes de recherche, nombreuses, dispersées, aux moyens inégaux, et en s’appuyant sur des initiatives existantes, nous tentons de répondre petit à petit à différents niveaux - de la mission de prélèvement jusqu'à leur stockage, en passant par la mise à disposition, le suivi et la valorisation des échantillons et des métadonnées qui leur sont associées. Des avancées rapides ont pu être obtenues par la rencontre entre une communauté de paléoécologues et des équipes techniques novatrices dans le domaine du partage et de l’interopérabilité mêlant des informaticiens, géomaticiens, curateurs d’échantillons et de données. Cette dynamique s’appuie sur 3 projets nationaux (Cyber-Carothèque nationale s/c Equipex CLIMCOR ANR-11-EQPX-0009 ; QR-Code LTSER- France ; ROZA LTSER-France) et s’inscrit dans le cadre du Centre de Carottage et de Forage National (C2FN), une cellule de la division technique de l’INSU. Nous présenterons dans cette intervention 4 outils qui seront à court terme interconnectés : i)CoreBOOK, une application mobile de terrain dédiée à la captation des métadonnées de forage ; ii) le portail de la cyber-carothèque national, un hub accueillant les données nouvellement acquises et les inventaires de carothèques ; iii) Collec-Science, outil générique de gestion de collections d’échantillons naturels adapté à nos besoins (s/c projet QrCODE); enfin iv) ROZA (Rétro-Observatoire des Zones Ateliers), un prototype de découvreur et visualiseur de données destiné à favoriser la réutilisation des échantillons et des données paléoenvironnementales en mettant à disposition les données essentielles à la capitalisation des connaissances d’études successives sur un même site. Les perspectives aujourd'hui sont grandes, le système modulaire qui commence à se dessiner doit permettre à chacun de trouver son compte, à son rythme, où opérationnel peut enfin rimer avec standardisation, traçabilité et interopérabilité tout en conservant une utilisabilité au plus proche des activités et besoins quotidiens des chercheurs et personnels d’accompagnement, afin d’opérer un virage en douceur vers des pratiques de la science dite « ouverte "
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- 2018
41. Quantitative approach sheds new light on the influence of social organization on uniparental diversity in continental South-East Asia
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Ly, Goki, LAURENT, Romain, Bourdier, Frédéric, Alard, Bérénice, Lafosse, Sophie, Toupance, Bruno, Monidarin, Chou, Diffloth, Gérard, Evrard, O., Pavard, S., Chaix, Raphaëlle, and COLELLA, Célina
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[SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences - Published
- 2018
42. A bipolar shaping amplifier for high capacitance silicon detectors
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Thys, S., primary, Evrard, O., additional, Put, S., additional, and Leroux, P., additional
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- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Radiation hard silicon detectors—developments by the RD48 (ROSE) collaboration
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Lindström, G, Ahmed, M, Albergo, S, Allport, P, Anderson, D, Andricek, L, Angarano, M.M, Augelli, V, Bacchetta, N, Bartalini, P, Bates, R, Biggeri, U, Bilei, G.M, Bisello, D, Boemi, D, Borchi, E, Botila, T, Brodbeck, T.J, Bruzzi, M, Budzynski, T, Burger, P, Campabadal, F, Casse, G, Catacchini, E, Chilingarov, A, Ciampolini, P, Cindro, V, Costa, M.J, Creanza, D, Clauws, P, Da Via, C, Davies, G, De Boer, W, Dell’Orso, R, De Palma, M, Dezillie, B, Eremin, V, Evrard, O, Fallica, G, Fanourakis, G, Feick, H, Focardi, E, Fonseca, L, Fretwurst, E, Fuster, J, Gabathuler, K, Glaser, M, Grabiec, P, Grigoriev, E, Hall, G, Hanlon, M, Hauler, F, Heising, S, Holmes-Siedle, A, Horisberger, R, Hughes, G, Huhtinen, M, Ilyashenko, I, Ivanov, A, Jones, B.K, Jungermann, L, Kaminsky, A, Kohout, Z, Kramberger, G, Kuhnke, M, Kwan, S, Lemeilleur, F, Leroy, C, Letheren, M, Li, Z, Ligonzo, T, Linhart, V, Litovchenko, P, Loukas, D, Lozano, M, Luczynski, Z, Lutz, G, MacEvoy, B, Manolopoulos, S, Markou, A, Martinez, C, Messineo, A, Mikuž, M, Moll, M, Nossarzewska, E, Ottaviani, G, Oshea, V, Parrini, G, Passeri, D, Petre, D, Pickford, A, Pintilie, I, Pintilie, L, Pospisil, S, Potenza, R, Raine, C, Rafi, J.M, Ratoff, P.N, Richter, R.H, Riedler, P, Roe, S, Roy, P, Ruzin, A, Ryazanov, A.I, Santocchia, A, Schiavulli, L, Sicho, P, Siotis, I, Sloan, T, Slysz, W, Smith, K, Solanky, M, Sopko, B, Stolze, K, Sundby Avset, B, Svensson, B, Tivarus, C, Tonelli, G, Tricomi, A, Tzamarias, S, Valvo, G, Vasilescu, A, Vayaki, A, Verbitskaya, E, Verdini, P, Vrba, V, Watts, S, Weber, E.R, Wegrzecki, M, Wegrzecka, I, Weilhammer, P, Wheadon, R, Wilburn, C, Wilhelm, I, Wunstorf, R, Wüstenfeld, J, Wyss, J, Zankel, K, Zabierowski, P, and Žontar, D
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- 2001
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44. Developments for radiation hard silicon detectors by defect engineering—results by the CERN RD48 (ROSE) Collaboration
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Lindström, G., Ahmed, M., Albergo, S., Allport, P., Anderson, D., Andricek, L., Angarano, M.M., Augelli, V., Bacchetta, N., Bartalini, P., Bates, R., Biggeri, U., Bilei, G.M., Bisello, D., Boemi, D., Borchi, E., Botila, T., Brodbeck, T.J., Bruzzi, M., Budzynski, T., Burger, P., Campabadal, F., Casse, G., Catacchini, E., Chilingarov, A., Ciampolini, P., Cindro, V., Costa, M.J., Creanza, D., Clauws, P., Da Via, C., Davies, G., De Boer, W., Dell’Orso, R., De Palma, M., Dezillie, B., Eremin, V., Evrard, O., Fallica, G., Fanourakis, G., Feick, H., Focardi, E., Fonseca, L., Fretwurst, E., Fuster, J., Gabathuler, K., Glaser, M., Grabiec, P., Grigoriev, E., Hall, G., Hanlon, M., Hauler, F., Heising, S., Holmes-Siedle, A., Horisberger, R., Hughes, G., Huhtinen, M., Ilyashenko, I., Ivanov, A., Jones, B.K., Jungermann, L., Kaminsky, A., Kohout, Z., Kramberger, G., Kuhnke, M., Kwan, S., Lemeilleur, F., Leroy, C., Letheren, M., Li, Z., Ligonzo, T., Linhart, V., Litovchenko, P., Loukas, D., Lozano, M., Luczynski, Z., Lutz, G., MacEvoy, B., Manolopoulos, S., Markou, A., Martinez, C., Messineo, A., Miku, M., Moll, M., Nossarzewska, E., Ottaviani, G., Oshea, V., Parrini, G., Passeri, D., Petre, D., Pickford, A., Pintilie, I., Pintilie, L., Pospisil, S., Potenza, R., Radicci, V., Raine, C., Rafi, J.M., Ratoff, P.N., Richter, R.H., Riedler, P., Roe, S., Roy, P., Ruzin, A., Ryazanov, A.I., Santocchia, A., Schiavulli, L., Sicho, P., Siotis, I., Sloan, T., Slysz, W., Smith, K., Solanky, M., Sopko, B., Stolze, K., Sundby Avset, B., Svensson, B., Tivarus, C., Tonelli, G., Tricomi, A., Tzamarias, S., Valvo, G., Vasilescu, A., Vayaki, A., Verbitskaya, E., Verdini, P., Vrba, V., Watts, S., Weber, E.R., Wegrzecki, M., Wegrzecka, I., Weilhammer, P., Wheadon, R., Wilburn, C., Wilhelm, I., Wunstorf, R., Wüstenfeld, J., Wyss, J., Zankel, K., Zabierowski, P., and Zontar, D.
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- 2001
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45. From soil to sediments in French river basins
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Rosalie Vandromme, Olivier Cerdan, Thomas Grangeon, Anthony Foucher, Louis Manière, Sébastien Salvador-Blanes, Evrard, O., Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), GéoHydrosystèmes COntinentaux (GéHCO EA6293), Université de Tours (UT), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Vandromme, Rosalie, and Université de Tours
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[INFO.INFO-MO] Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation ,[INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation - Abstract
International audience; In France, since the beginning of 20 th century, rural landscapes have been completely modified by human activities. These practices have resulted in profound sedimentary and morphological alterations (channel bed incision, deposition of fine sediment, bank erosion, etc.), detrimental to the achievement of good water status. Several research efforts have already investigated either global budgets at the river basin or continental scale or local detailed budget at the plot to the field scale. However, very few studies have tried to analyse the connectivity between fluxes and storages and to draw the links between temporal and spatial scales. In this broad context, the purpose of this study is to examine source-to-sink dynamic of the sediment cycle for the Loire River Basin. This project is broken down into two steps: the first step's aim is to understand poorly studied processes such as sediment production by agricultural drainage or bank erosion by catchment monitoring. The second step is to elaborate a distributed model of sediment connectivity from hillslopes to basin outlet. For the first step, two catchment sites are studied, using historical data or monitoring: the linear of two small streams (" La Ligoire ") and the Louroux lake catchment. Most of those two catchments are intensively cultivated and have been extensively submitted to subsurface drainage using drain tiles. The objectives of this part are threefold: quantify incision and deposition processes since the channelization of the streams, quantify in-channel deposition rates of fine sediments, and explain the spatial distribution of these deposits. For the second step, the modeling approach is based on the use of indicators to describe hillslope processes, potential downstream retention, attempting to link river basin characteristics to a prediction of sediment exports in rivers. It provides insight in the identification of the most influent sediment redistribution processes on the total sediment fluxes and on the differences between various basin typologies. The Ligoire study shows an important stream incision and the influence of water obstacles on sediment distribution. The Louroux monitoring permits to differentiate between the different sources of sediment and highlight the importance of surface erosion during flood events and of bank erosion during low flows. The increased export of the sediment is primarily due to the very high human-made connectivity of these landscapes that was originally created to evacuate the excess water during the humid seasons. The analysis of particulate sediment fluxes datasets at different spatial and temporal scales permits to identify some of the dominant processes, and also to distinguish natural from anthropogenic influences. Concerning upland physical soil surface erosion rates, we find that the average travel distance of eroded particles may be limited, implying a strong decrease in physical erosion rates when moving from the local scale to the river basin scale. The results also highlight the predominant role of surface connectivity to characterize the fraction of sediment exported out of river drainage areas by physical soil surface erosion.
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- 2017
46. From core referencing to data re-use: two French national initiatives to reinforce paleodata stewardship (National Cyber Core Repository and LTER France Retro-Observatory)
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Arnaud, Fabien, Pignol, Cécile, Stéphan, Pierre, Develle, A.L., Sabatier, P., Evrard, O., Mourier, Brice, Debret, Maxime, Grobois, Cécile, Millet, Laurent, Rius, Damien, Marguerie, Dominique, Rouan, Mathias, godinho, elodie, Galabertier, Bruno, Caillo, Arnaud, Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), C2FN, Division technique INSU/SDU (DTI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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[INFO.INFO-DB]Computer Science [cs]/Databases [cs.DB] ,[SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering ,[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,[INFO]Computer Science [cs] ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,[SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society - Abstract
Poster; International audience; Managing paleoscience data is highly challenging to the multiplicity of actors in play, types of sampling, analysis, post-analysis treatments, statistics etc. However, a well-structured curating of data would permit innovative developments based on data and/or sample re-use, such as meta-analysis or the development of new proxies on previously studied cores. In this paper, we will present two recent initiatives that allowed us tackling this objective at a French national level: the “National Cyber Core Repository” (NCCR) and the “LTER-France retro-observatory” (ROZA).NCCR was developed under the umbrella of the French National Center fo Coring and Drilling (C2FN) thanks to the national excellence equipment project CLIMCOR. It aims at gathering on a unique website the locations and metadata of any scientific coring/drilling performed by French teams or using French facilities, whatever the type of archive it is (lake/marine sediment; ice etc.). It uses international standard, notably IGSN (for samples), ORCID (for persons) and DOI (for campaigns). NCC follows the INSPIRE ISO 19115 standard in order to catalogue the data. For continental sediment, NCCR may be fed directly on the field through a specifically developed mobile application.Based on NCCR, further initiatives may be led. In particular, under the umbrella of LTER-France (Long Term Ecological Research), we developed ROZA in order to facilitate the re-use of data and samples. Here the idea is to capitalise the knowledge on a given lake from which several sediment cores can be taken through time. In that aim we selected at least one lake from each of the 13 areas composing the network LTER-France. To enter the database, a set of mandatory data must be provided under a pre-determined format. In that case, the insertion of ROZA within the network LTER will favor to use of paleodata by non-paleodata scientists, in particular ecologists.
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- 2017
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47. Contribution of bank erosion to the sediment budget of a drained agricultural lowland catchment
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Cerdan, Olivier, Foucher, Anthony, Vandromme, Rosalie, Salvador-Blanes, Sébastien, Gay, Aurore, Landemaine, Valentin, Evrard, O., Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), GéoHydrosystèmes COntinentaux (GéHCO EA6293), Université de Tours (UT), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Cerdan, Olivier, Université de Tours, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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" ,[SDU.STU.GM] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology ,sediment ,bank erosion ,[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology ,[SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology ,[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology ,[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study ,[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study ,[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment ,[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment - Abstract
International audience; Following the shift towards more intensive agriculture in cultivated lowlands in Europe, field sizes have increased and stream valley meanderings have been removed and realigned along new straight field borders. These modifications have led to profound alterations of the hydromorphology of the streams. To test the impact of these modifications, the long-term and current volumes of sediment originating from stream banks were calculated as they provided potential sources of sediment in a large pond located at the outlet of a small agricultural lowland basin under strong anthropogenic pressure. Bank erosion was measured using several methodologies, i) over a short period using a set of erosion pins along a small stream (1400 m long) to quantify the material exported during a single winter season (2012/2013); ii) over the last 69 years using an original approach involving the comparison of a compilation of three-dimensional historical stream redesign plans from 1944 vs. new measurements conducted in 2013 (DGPS and LiDAR data); iii) over several decades by using tracers (137Cs) that can differentiate between surface and subsoil erosion. At the catchment scale, total sediment exports were estimated from 1945 to 2013 combining seismic imagery and core dating in the lake. Sediment exports decreased with time, from 300 t. km–2.yr–between 1954 and 1980 to 95 t. km–2.yr–1 between 1980 and 2013. Today, erosion rates recorded at the outlet of the catchment vary between 90–102 t.km–2.yr–1. Therefore, the order of magnitude of the mean export rate is approximately 180 t. km–2.yr–1 for the last 70 years.The contribution of channel banks to this sediment export was the highest (~30%) between 1954 and 1980 when the ditches were constructed. For the entire period since the landscape modification, the contribution of bank erosion is lower but still reaches 20%. Bank erosion can therefore be considered as a significant contributor to the sediment budget of the lowland catchments that have been redesigned after the 2nd world war in Western Europe.
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- 2017
48. Baseline Caesium-137 and Plutonium-239+240 inventory assessment for Central Europe
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Meusburger, Katrin, Borrelli, Pasquale, Evrard, O., Ketterer, Michael, Mabit, Lionel, van Oost, Kristof, Alewell, Christine, Panagos, Panos, University of Basel (Unibas), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Metropolitan State University of Denver, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO), Centre Georges Lemaître for Earth and Climate Research [Louvain] (TECLIM), Earth and Life Institute [Louvain-La-Neuve] (ELI), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL)-Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study ,[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment - Abstract
International audience; Artificial fallout radionuclides (FRNs) such as Caesium-137 and Plutonium-239+240 released as products of the thermonuclear weapons testing that took place from the mid-1950s to the early 1980s and from nuclear power plant accidents (e.g. Chernobyl) are useful tools to quantify soil redistribution. In combination with geostatistics, FRNs may have the potential to bridge the gap between small scale process oriented studies and modelling that simplifies processes and effects over large spatial scales. An essential requirement for the application of FRNs as soil erosion tracers is the establishment of the baseline fallout at undisturbed sites before its comparison to those inventories found at sites undergoing erosion/accumulation. For this purpose, undisturbed topsoil (0-20cm) samples collected in 2009 within the framework of the Land Use/Cover Area frame Survey (LUCAS) have been measured by gamma-spectrometry and ICP-MS to determine 137Cs (n=145) and 239+240Pu (n=108) activities. To restrict the analysis to undisturbed reference sites a geospatial database query selecting only sites having a slope angle
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- 2017
49. Quantifying the transfer times of suspended sediment during floods with $^7$Be and $^{210}$Pb$_{xs}$ measurements in a drained lowland catchment of central France
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Evrard, O., Le Gall, Marion, Foucher, Anthony, Laceby, J. Patrick, Salvador-Blanes, Sébastien, Manière, Louis, Lefèvre, Irène, Cerdan, Olivier, Vandromme, Rosalie, Ayrault, Sophie, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), GéoHydrosystèmes COntinentaux (GéHCO EA6293), Université de Tours, Alberta Environment and Parks (AEP), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tours (UT), and Evrard, Olivier
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[SDE] Environmental Sciences ,[SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,[SDU.STU.GM] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology ,[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology ,[SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology ,[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology ,[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study ,[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study ,[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment ,[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment - Abstract
International audience; Intensification of agriculture after WWII increased soil erosion and sediment supply to rivers in Northwestern Europe. The Louroux Pond catchment (25 km 2), located in the Loire River basin (central France), is representative of these intensively cultivated environments and subject to severe soil erosion and river siltation. This catchment was equipped with an extensive network of tile drains that were installed after 1945 to produce crops in this former wetland. In order to decrease the deleterious impacts induced by accelerated soil erosion in this region, there is a need to better understand sediment dynamics during flood events. To this end, natural fallout radionuclides were analysed in both sediment sources and suspended matter transiting the river network to quantify the respective proportions of recently eroded vs. resuspended material. Accordingly, 7Be and 210Pbxs concentrations were measured in overland flow and suspended sediment collected in the pond tributaries during a succession of floods that occurred during winter in 2013-2014 and in 2016. The results show that the mean fraction of recently eroded material transiting these rivers increased from 40 ± 20% to 80 ± 20 in 2013-2014, and from 65 ± 20% to 80 ± 20% in 2016. These results demonstrate an initial flush of sediment previously accumulated in the river channel during the first winter floods. Then, the fraction of sediment recently eroded from the hillslopes significantly increased during subsequent events. This research illustrates the added value of combining continuous river monitoring and fallout radionuclide analyses to improve our knowledge of sediment dynamics and to protect soil and water resources in these environments.
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- 2017
50. La crise de l'eau
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Richter, Brian, Evrard, O., The Nature Conservancy, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences ,[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology - Abstract
International audience; La crise de l’eau affecte de nombreuses régions du monde. Cette réalité a un impact important sur les collectivités locales, les écosystèmes d’eau douce et, plus généralement, sur notre économie. Dans un style simple et direct, Brian Richter nous aide à comprendre que cette crise ne nous conduit pas forcément à la catastrophe. Il pose les bases de la gestion de l’eau et de son cycle et confronte les enjeux globaux et leur compréhension par des acteurs locaux. La crise de l’eau affecte de nombreuses régions du monde. Cette réalité a un impact important sur les collectivités locales, les écosystèmes d’eau douce et, plus généralement, sur notre économie.L’auteur, Brian Richter, nous aide à comprendre que cette crise ne nous conduit pas forcément à la catastrophe. Dans un style simple et direct, il pose les bases de la gestion de l’eau et de son cycle, et confronte les enjeux globaux et leur compréhension par des acteurs locaux. À travers des exemples concrets et de nombreuses anecdotes, l’auteur nous propose six outils pour limiter les pénuries ainsi que des suggestions détaillées pour que communautés locales, organisations publiques et compagnies privées puissent les éviter sur le long terme grâce à un plan pragmatique de gestion durable. D’un niveau scientifique très abordable, l’ouvrage fait figure de guide pratique discutant des grandes idées tout en restant focalisé sur un enjeu central : une meilleure gestion des ressources en eau.
- Published
- 2017
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