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Background: The antimicrobial activities of medicinal plants have long been exploited by scientific community against the diseases causing microorganisms. Routine use of antibiotic agents developed microbes as drug resistant organisms making it as a critical issue in case of treatments. So the detection of new natural compounds with antimicrobial activity is considered to be important. Although hundreds of plant species have been said to have antimicrobial properties, the vast majority have not been adequately evaluated. The present research works focus to develop new therapeutic agents or drug from selected medicinal plant of Evolvulus alsinoides against HIV Secondary pathogenic organisms, based on the review of literature, problems associated with treatment of pathogenic organisms and drug resistant patterns of the pathogenic organisms. Results: The isolated bacterial cultures from secondary infection of HIV patient's samples were identified as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa based on their Morphology, Staining, Motility and Biochemical test. The isolated fungal cultures were identified as, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium sp, Mucor sp, and Candida albicans, based on their growth and LCB staining. Evolvulus alsinoides has shown to have several compounds that play a great function in its antimicrobial activity. Conclusion: There is a need to develop alternative agents for the control of pathogenic bacterial and fungal diseases in HIV infected persons. There is a good reason to support that the secondary metabolites of plants have evolved to protect them from attack by microbial pathogens. Hence, products from plants have great potential as sources of novel bioactive compounds for controlling pathogenic microorganisms. The treatment of various infectious diseases by the support of traditional usage of herbal medicine indicates the therapeutic potential of Evolvulus alsinoides by its antimicrobial activity. Further clinical studies are required to validate the efficacy of this medicinal plant against various pathogens and various resistant strains of bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundNowadays, diabetes mellitus has become common worldwide due to changes in lifestyle, sedentary life, alterations in food habits, and other genetic and environmental factors. It is necessary to create awareness about the growing pandemic. AimTo evaluate the antidiabetic potential of Evolvulus alsinoides. MethodsIn vitro α-amylase inhibition and α-glucosidase inhibition activity. Molecular docking analysis. ResultsThe plant is rich in naturally occurring phytocompound. The results of the study showed that E. alsinoides has the potential to inhibit the activity of alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase. Moreover, this result was validated using in silico molecular docking studies that showed a good binding affinity of one of the major phytocompound, caffeic acid, with molecules in the insulin signaling cascade. ConclusionE. alsinoides has a potent antidiabetic activity and can be further employed in animal and human studies.

Background: Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CA-UTIs) pose a significant danger especially when they are caused by multi-drug resistant strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae. As elsewhere in the world, Saudi Arabia also shows a higher prevalence of Klebsiella pneumoniae which complicates the treatment and management of the CA-UTIs. To tackle this, it is urgent to develop novel antibacterial compounds from natural sources and, phytochemicals have always been potential candidates. Evolvulus alsinoides is a traditional medicinal plant found in Saudi Arabia possesses proven activities against CA-UTI causing bacteria including Klebsiella pneumoniae. Aim: The present study was aimed to investigate the antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anti-biofilm activities of Evolvulus alsinoides plant extract against multidrug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Materials and Methods: The study was designed to coat the methanolic extract of Evolvulus alsinoides on catheters and evaluate its efficacy on Guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus). Inflammatory marker concentrations, SOD (reactive oxygen species), and the MPO (neutrophil recruitment) were also evaluated to understand the effect of this plant extract on tissue damage. Results: Evolvulus alsinoides displayed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, tannins and fixed oils. Klebsiella pneumoniae was resistant to four of the five antibiotics tested. The extract showed anti-Klebsiella pneumoniae activity and the MIC was 4.61 mg/mL. Showing its anti-biofilm activity, 31.23 µg/mL of the extract reduced the catheter biofilm to 16.23%±2.4. At 5 µg/mg, the extract displayed anti-inflammatory markers as MPO degranulation 49.36%±1.4, MDA 0.142±0.001 nmol/mg protein and SOD 58.97±1.6 units/mL. Conclusion: In the light of these findings, it could be assessed that the Evolvulus alsinoides extract possesses antibacterial, anti-biofilm and anti-inflammatory activities, and the extract should further be studied to develop it for its clinical usage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nowadays, diabetes mellitus has become common worldwide due to changes in lifestyle, sedentary life, alterations in food habits, and other genetic and environmental factors. It is necessary to create awareness about the growing pandemic. Aim: To evaluate the antidiabetic potential of Evolvulus alsinoides. Methods: In vitro a-amylase inhibition and a-glucosidase inhibition activity. Molecular docking analysis. Results: The plant is rich in naturally occurring phytocompound. The results of the study showed that E. alsinoides has the potential to inhibit the activity of alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase. Moreover, this result was validated using in silico molecular docking studies that showed a good binding affinity of one of the major phytocompound, caffeic acid, with molecules in the insulin signaling cascade. Conclusion: E. alsinoides has a potent antidiabetic activity and can be further employed in animal and human studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In dentistry, diabetic wounds can lead to necrosis. Alginate-chitosan scaffolds with silver nanoparticles can aid healing due to their anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties. Aim: To produce biocompatible silver nanoparticles loaded alginate chitosan scaffolds for dental applications and to characterize their properties and determine their biocompatibility.Materials and methods: Biosynthesis of AgNPs was carried out using a plant extract of Evolvulus alsinoides loaded into the alginate-chitosan scaffold. AgNPs were characterized using UV spectrophotometer and FT-IR. The morphology of AgNPs loaded alginate-chitosan scaffold was examined using SEM. Annexin V PI apoptotic was used for checking its biocompatibility. Results and discussion: The UV-Vis spectrum gave a strong peak of 417 nm, confirming AgNPs formation. Similarly, FT-IR has strong absorption bands at 3217, 1598, 1406, 1027, 945, and 817 cm−1, with wavelengths ranging from 4000-500 cm-1. SEM analysis revealed the dispersion of AgNPs in the porous alginate-chitosan scaffold. Our results suggest that biosynthesized silver nanoparticles loaded with alginate-chitosan scaffold possess greater biocompatibility towards PBMCs, as evaluated by Annexin V - PI assay. Conclusions: Silver nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by the biological method using leaf extract of Evolvulus alsinoides, and reported as biocompatible using flow cytometry. However, a more detailed study should be done before using it as therapeutics for diabetic wound healing in dentistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) occupy a major part in biomedicine due to their unique physicochemical and biological properties including anti-microbial and anti-cancer activity. Evolvulus alsinoides (EA), commonly known as "Dwarf morning glory", is a flowering plant with unique medicinal properties. This plant is reported for its therapeutic significance in chronic bronchitis, asthma and even possesses higher pharmacological properties. In this study, we have reported the synthesis and biological properties of quercetin functionalized biogenic silver nanoparticles (Qur-EA-AgNPs). AgNPs were synthesized using EA Leaf extract and functionalized with Quercetin. Qur-EA-AgNPs were characterized using various techniques and their biocompatibility was investigated. The UV-Visible spectrum of EA-AgNPs revealed a maximum absorbance at 428 nm and quercetin functionalization results in a shift towards 390 nm. The intense peak in the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra revealed the quercetin functionalization on EA-AgNPs. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) results confirmed the spherical morphology of quercetin-functionalized AgNPs with a size range around 20 nm which was further confirmed by High resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM). Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrum evidenced the presence of Ag, C and O. Hemocompatibility of Qur-EA-AgNPs was confirmed from hemolytic assay showing < 5% hemolysis. Moreover, Annexin V PI assay on Qur-EA-AgNPs treated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) showed 78.58 % viability significantly which is comparable with the control cells and its biocompatible nature was proved. In the current study, quercetin-functionalized biogenic silver nanoparticles using E. alsinoides leaf extract have been fabricated and characterized using various techniques. TEM micrograph of functionalized nanoparticles revealed spherical-shaped particles. EDX analysis showed a major elemental composition of silver, carbon and oxygen. The particles are biocompatible towards PBMCs and the erythrocytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) among pathogenic bacterial communities poses a serious threat to human and animal medical systems. Thus, the objectives of this research were to compare the phytochemical profiles of the various solvent leaves extracts of Evolvulus alsinoides and Mucuna pruriens. Additionally, evaluate their antibacterial activity against pre-identified MDR bacterial strains such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1, P. aeruginosa 2, P. aeruginosa 3, P. aeruginosa 4, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Interestingly, both plant species' methanol extracts contain a significant amount of pharmacologically valuable phytochemicals (commonly contains alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannin), followed by ethanol and benzene extracts. The combined crude methanol extract of these two plants demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against test MDR bacterial strains and was partially comparable to the standard. The methanol leaves extracts of E. alsinoides and M. pruriens contained 11 and 6 major bioactive components, respectively, according to the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis. The methanol extracts of these plants contained important bioactive components such as propanoic acid, butanoic acid, and palmitic acid. Most of them have been identified as having the potential to be used in biomedical applications. The bioactive components present in the methanol extract of these plants may be sufficient to perform further purification and in-vivo studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evolvulus alsinoides (L.) is an annually growing medicinal plant used in many popular systems as a source of traditional medicine. However, fresh plant material for medicinal uses and research purposes is critically unavailable year-round due to its short life cycle. A micropropagation method for E. alsinoides was developed, and its genetic diversity was described. Surface sterilized nodal explants were inoculated onto Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different plant growth regulators; the best response of multiple shoot induction was observed on MS media augmented with 5 μM kinetin (Kn) and 0.1 μM Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), which gave a maximum number of 10.27 ± 0.0118 shoots. Further, the addition of 30 μM of adenine sulfate to the MS media enhanced shoot multiplication (18). The cloned shoots were accomplished to in vitro rooting on MS medium with 0.1 μM Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 10 μM phloroglucinol, resulting in 16 healthy roots. The rooted plantlets were acclimatized in the shade house. The genetic stability of micropropagated plants was confirmed through molecular marker analysis. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the tissues of clones revealed the contents of secondary metabolites. High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) revealed that squalene levels were highest in plants cultured in MS medium supplemented with adenine sulfate (378.89 ng/ 15 μl). The methods developed and defined are highly reproducible and can be used for commercial production of E. alsinoides valued for human health. [Display omitted] • A rapid and enhanced micro propagation protocol was developed to meet the global market demands of Evolvulus alsinoides. • Genetic fidelity of micro propagated plantlets was confirmed by molecular markers based PCR Analysis. • Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis revealed the presence of essential secondary metabolites with pharmaceutical relevance. • Squalene quantification in in vitro raised plants was estimated by High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evolvulus alsinoides Linn. (family Convolvulaceae) is used in folkloric medicine as adaptogenic, antihypertensive, antiphlogistic, antipyretic, antiseptic, aphrodisiac, and in the management of neurodegenerative disorders. The effect of the aqueous extract was investigated on some blood parameters and spleen histology in rats. Fifty young adult male Wistar rats were divided into five groups of ten rats each. Group I served as the control group; groups II and III and IV were administered with 150 mg/kg 250 mg/kg and 350 mg/kg respectively. Groups V animals were administered with 350 mg/kg each but allowed a post recovery period of 14 days to observe for reversibility or delayed effect. The plant extract was administered by gavage for 28 days. Blood parameters were evaluated manually. The extract contained carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids. Sections from the spleen of rats administered with 350 mg/kg revealed prominent germinal centers with expanded lymphoid cells. Significant increases in red blood cell (p<0.001) and white blood cell (p<0.001) counts were observed. These suggest that the plant has haematinic and immunostimulatory effects. These are important properties that can be of benefit medicinally. However, further research on the safety levels of oral consumption of Evolvulus alsinoides Linn. is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some of the largest expanses of ultramafic soils occur in South Asia, but knowledge of the plant diversity and biogeochemistry of these systems in Sri Lanka is very limited. This study aimed to assess the plant diversity and bedrock and foliar chemistry of all known Sri Lankan ultramafic outcrops. The field survey yielded a total of 132 plant taxa from 44 families. The enigmatic nickel hyperaccumulator Rinorea bengalensis (Violaceae), first reported in Sri Lanka over four decades ago, was rediscovered at a newly surveyed ultramafic site, however, it did not hyperaccumulate nickel. No new metal hyperaccumulator plants were identified, suggesting that R. bengalensis is a facultative nickel hyperaccumulator. This study is the first to highlight the floristic diversity of all known Sri Lankan ultramafic outcrops while revealing the facultative nature of nickel and copper hyperaccumulation among some of Sri Lanka's ultramafic plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study investigates the neuropharmacologic properties of Scopoletin, a bioactive compound in Evolvulus alsinoides (EA) extract, for managing cognitive impairment using in-vitro , in-silico , and zebrafish embryo toxicity assays., Methods: The study estimates Scopoletin concentration in EA extract using HPTLC, assesses antioxidant properties using 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) assays, and uses bioinformatic tools for scopoletin targets. Zebrafish embryo toxicity (ZET) is used to assess its toxicological profile., Results: 0.0076% w/w Scopoletin in the samples was quantified using HPTLC, further studies on the DPPH (0.5 mM) and FRAP gave EC 50 at 440.0 μg/ml and 84.29 μg/ml respectively. Twelve common targets associated with cognitive impairment (CI) were identified, along with possible pathways and molecular interactions. Our results indicate significant binding affinities of Scopoletin with ERAP1, SCN3A, and COMT. Molecular dynamics simulations further confirm the stability of these interactions. ZET assessment demonstrated mortality after 450 µg/ml concentration of EA extract., Conclusion: The study verifies the presence of Scopoletin in EA, along with their targets playing a crucial role in neurogenesis and neuroplasticity. The ZET demonstrated concentration-dependent effects, emphasizing the importance of dosage considerations in developing new formulations or therapeutics. This comprehensive study contributes valuable insight into the therapeutic potential of Scopoletin from EA for cognitive impairment, paving the way for further research., Competing Interests: None., (AJTR Copyright © 2024.)

Evolvulus alsinoides, belonging to the family Convolvulaceae, is an important medicinal plant widely used as a nootropic in the Indian traditional medicine system. In the genus Evolvulus, no research on the chloroplast genome has been published. Hence, the present study focuses on annotation, characterization, identification of mutational hotspots, and phylogenetic analysis in the complete chloroplast genome (cp) of E. alsinoides. Genome comparison and evolutionary dynamics were performed with the species of Solanales. The cp genome has 114 genes (80 protein-coding genes, 30 transfer RNA, and 4 ribosomal RNA genes) that were unique with total genome size of 157,015 bp. The cp genome possesses 69 RNA editing sites and 44 simple sequence repeats (SSRs). Predicted SSRs were randomly selected and validated experimentally. Six divergent hotspots such as trnQ-UUG, trnF-GAA, psaI, clpP, ndhF, and ycf1 were discovered from the cp genome. These microsatellites and divergent hot spot sequences of the Taxa 'Evolvulus' could be employed as molecular markers for species identification and genetic divergence investigations. The LSC area was found to be more conserved than the SSC and IR region in genome comparison. The IR contraction and expansion studies show that nine genes rpl2, rpl23, ycf1, ycf2, ycf1, ndhF, ndhA, matK, and psbK were present in the IR-LSC and IR-SSC boundaries of the cp genome. Fifty-four protein-coding genes in the cp genome were under negative selection pressure, indicating that they were well conserved and were undergoing purifying selection. The phylogenetic analysis reveals that E. alsinoides is closely related to the genus Cressa with some divergence from the genus Ipomoea. This is the first time the chloroplast genome of the genus Evolvulus has been published. The findings of the present study and chloroplast genome data could be a valuable resource for future studies in population genetics, genetic diversity, and evolutionary relationship of the family Convolvulaceae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Shankhpushpi has been widely used in traditional Indian systems of medicine as a brain and memory boosting tonic. There are a variety of botanicals reported to be used as sources of Shankhpushpi in various parts of India. For instance, Canscora decussata Schult, Clitorea ternatea Linn., Convolvulus pluricaulis Choisy. and Evolvulus alsinoides Linn. are most commonly used as sources of Shankhpushpi by practitioners of Ayurveda in different parts of the country.

The main objective of this investigation was to perform physicochemical and phytochemical standardization and to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of different extracts of the whole plant of Evolvulus alsinoides. Quality control standardization of the whole plant was carried out following the World Health Organization guidelines. Further, 6 different extracts of Evolvulus alsinoides were prepared with n-hexane, petroleum ether, chloroform, acetone, ethanol and water. High performance thin layer chromatography analysis was performed to quantify the content of luteolin in these extracts. In vitro anthelmintic activity was screened on Indian adult earthworm due to its similarities to intestinal roundworms of humans. Doses of 100 mg/ml of each dried extract were mixed with PBS and earthworms were placed in them. Paralysis and/or death of earthworms were taken as a criterion for anthelmintic activity. Most of the physicochemical parameters were found to be within the prescribed limits of World Health Organization guidelines, while, the plant material did not show the presence of any aflatoxins. Ethanol extract of Evolvulus alsinoides showed potent anthelmintic activity and the maximum amount of luteolin was also found to be present in the ethanol extract compared to other extracts. Thus, the potent anthelmintic activity of ethanol extract of Evolvulus alsinoides could possibly be attributed to the presence of luteolin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research examined the environmentally compatible and cost-effective formation of green medicated palladium nanoparticles (EA-PdNPs) utilizing aqueous extracts of Evolvulus alsinoides (EA) and their antibacterial and photocatalytic behaviour. EA aqueous extracts of leaves intervened as a reduction and capping agent. Meanwhile, the physicochemical characteristics and bioactivities of green-treated EA-PdNPs under an alkaline environment remain uncertain. Furthermore, the as-prepared EA-PdNPs seemed to have a face-centered cubic crystal phase with 12 nm particle size, were monodispersed, and demonstrated high stability. The visible region spectra of EA-PdNPs is represented by its optically active area at 426 nm from UV–visible spectroscopy. The chemical state and near surface composition of the EA-PdNPs fabricated from Evolvulus alsinoides leaf extract were clarified using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Both Gram-positive (+ve) Staphylococcus aureus had zone 20.5 ± 0.5 mm and Gram-negative (-ve) Escherichia coli inhibit zone 22.15 ± 0.2 mm were sensitive to the antibacterial effects of the EA-PdNPs at a concentration of 100 µg/mL. Green-treated EA-PdNPs, on the other hand, were employed as photocatalysts investigators, ultimately resulting in 98% degradation of Rhodamine B dye in 120 min. The outstanding catalytic implementation of all synthesized EA-PdNPs on the photodegradation of the researched pollutants was revealed by UV–visible findings, which examined the decrease in absorption coefficient spectral value within an extremely short time. Furthermore, micro crustacean Daphnia magna and zebrafish (Danio rerio) was successfully used to assess the non-toxicity of EA-PdNPs. The key implications of this findings are that EA-PdNPs toxicity depends on concentration. Our outcomes showed that the EA-PdNPs did not demonstrate considerable toxicity to Daphnia magna at high concentrations (100 µg/L) similarly EA-PdNPs did not showed any significant toxicity on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo development at 72 h of post fertilization exposure. Green-treated Pd-NPs produced by Evolvulus alsinoides can be used as probable applicants for biological and clean ecological applications due to their sustainable synthesizing, environmentally friendly, and biocompatibility. [Display omitted] • Green medicated palladium nanoparticles (EA-PdNPs). • Antibacterial activity against both gram -ve and gram +ve. • Photocatalysts degradation resulting in 98% degradation of RhB dye in 120 min. • Daphnia magna and Danio rerio embryo was successfully used to assess the non-toxicity of EA-PdNPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evolvulus alsinoides is a medicinal plant in the Convolvulaceae family. Traditionally, it is used for different ailments in India and in several other countries. It has a variety of pharmacological qualities, including those that aid wound healing, hepato-protection, cardio-protection, anti-diabetic action, asthma, and epilepsy, memory and learning, and neuroprotection. The whole plant is utilized in Ayurvedic medicine to treat neurological disorders, including amnesia, and it is called the brain tonic by them. Therefore, the use of GC-MS in phytochemical research and chemotaxonomic investigations of medicinal plants containing physiologically active components is critical. Hence, the various secondary metabolites from the methanolic extract of E. alsinoides were analyzed using GC-MS technique. The methanolic extract of E. alsinoides yielded ten compounds. All ten compounds showed the highest number of hits. Those with the highest concentration were chosen to identify the qualitative compound. All compounds are non-toxic. Molecules with specific properties are capable of modulating a variety of proteins, including some enzymes. Thus, these molecules are potential hit-to-lead molecules in preclinical studies., Competing Interests: Nil., (© 2023 Biomedical Informatics.)

Background: Evolvulus alsinoidesis a well-known herbal drug possessing various promising medicinal properties described by prominent ancient scholars and also numerous preclinical and clinical researches has been performed, thus at testing it’s ample of pharmacological actions. So, thorough review of classical as well as contemporary literature has been executed on Evolvulus alsinoides to validate the pharmacological actions mentioned. . Methods: For classical review, a comprehensive search of Unani literature is done and for latest research work on evolvulus, articles published in English language using PubMed, MEDLINE, and the Google scholar with search term including Sahnkpushpi, sankhaoli, Evolvulus alsinoides since 1991 to 2019 is done. Results: The search includes contemporary literature, ethnomedicinal sources and 35 research articles from 1992 to 2019 which further ascertains various pharmacological actions being mentioned in Unani literature including anti-inflammatory, anti-diarrheal, anti-helminthic, anti-consultant and nootropic property of herb. Conclusion: The pharmacological action and therapeutic application of Shankhaholi/Shankpushpi which is mentioned in classical Unani literature are in accordance with latest research. Despite of having several researches on Evolvulus alsinoides there are still numerous indications mentioned in classical literature which are yet to be explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • Cell cultures of E. alsinoides were established in MS medium containing 10 μM/l BA. • Cell cultures showed optimum degradation of dyes at 40 mg/l concentration. • It can rapidly degrade azo dyes individually or in mixture into non-toxic products. • Enhanced enzyme activities in cell cultures influenced its dye degradation capacity. • Biotransformation and produced dye metabolites were analysed by FTIR and GC–MS. Abstract The potential of cell cultures of Evolvulus alsinoides Linn. was determined for decolorization and detoxification of widely used reactive dyes such as R. Navy blue M2R, R. Red M8B, R. Green HE4B, R. Yellow M4R, R. Golden yellow, R. Magenta MB, R. Orange M2R, R. Red M5B and R. Yellow M4G. Incorporation of 40 mg/l of dyes in the medium was optimum for dye decolorization. Complete decolorization of dyes under study was observed within 3 days of incubation and the cell cultures could be reused almost over ten consecutive cycles to remove all nine dyes. The promotion of activity of antioxidative and oxidoreductive enzymes such as guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), laccase (LAC), lignin peroxidase (LP) and tyrosinase (TYR) indicates stress imposed by dyes and suggest their involvement in dye degradation. The biotransformation of dye molecules and the metabolites produced in the process were identified and confirmed by FTIR and GC–MS analysis. Phytotoxicity studies revealed that the produced metabolites were non-toxic in nature. Thus, the cell cultures of E. alsinoides showed the capacity of detoxification of reactive azo dyes and can be used as a model system to study the mechanism of degradationa and detoxification of hazardous chemicals including textile dyes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors have found that Evolvulus alsinoides and E. nummularius grow and flower throughout the year, if the soil is wet. The pollen in both species is totally fertile and viable for 9–10 hours. This study has found that both species are facultatively xenogamous and refutes an earlier report that E. nummularius is facultatively autogamous. Furthermore, the flowers of these species resort to spontaneous autogamy during their closing time, which benefits maximization of the fruit set, but increase in the seed set rate is constrained by free styles and stigmas, which do not facilitate distinct contact with the anthers. According to earlier reports, E. alsinoides seemingly does not produce nectar, while E. nummularius definitely does not produce it. However, in this study it has been found that both species produce nectar and are pollinated by bees and butterflies, contrary to an earlier report that E. alsinoides is pollinated only by honey bees and snails. An additional finding is that both species display ballistochory, anemochory and hydrochory for seed dispersal; seeds have dormancy, as they germinate only during the rainy season. The woody rootstock also sprouts back to life to produce new foliage and reproduce sexually. These species have been found to be excellent sand binders as they usually form large patchy populations on sandy soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • NiO nanoparticles are biosynthesized using Evolvulus alsinoides leaf extract. • HRTEM, XRD, FTIR, and Raman spectra were used to analyze biosynthesized NiO nanoparticles. • Rhodamine-B (RhB) dye was employed in the biosynthesis of photodegradable NiO nanoparticles. • NiO nanoparticles was employed in excellent anticancer activity against the ACHN cell line. In this study, nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO) were biosynthesized using Evolvulus alsinoides leaves extract and their size, phase study, and morphology were studied using various techniques. Furthermore, we evaluated the photocatalytic effects of NiO nanoparticles on the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB), and its amazing potential as photocatalysis under UV light was observed throughout the research. This is a completely green approach that does not use any toxic or hazardous solvents. The biosynthesized NiO nanoparticles were characterized using HRTEM, XRD, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, and Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis). The degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) dye was used to test the catalytic activity of the synthesized nanoparticles. The first-order reaction kinetics was followed by photocatalytic efficiency against the RhB dye, which had a maximum degradation efficiency of 85 %. Therefore, the biosynthesized NiO nanoparticles obtained using Evolvulus alsinoides leaves extract has potential application in the photocatalytic application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Several medicinal properties have been reported for plants in the genus Evolvulus, such as a brain tonic and antifungal from Evolvulus alsinoides, and a sedative and an anthelmintic from Evolvulus nummularius. Therefore, the correct identification of the source plants is critically important. The aim of this research was to investigate the micromorphology of two Evolvulus taxa used for herbal medicines compared with one worldwide ornamental species by using peeling, paraffin embedding, acetolysis, and SEM methods in order to support species identification. Results: Our findings indicate that all taxa share several common features, such as a single layer of epidermis on both sides of leaf surfaces, sinuous anticlinal epidermal cell walls, anomocytic, paracytic or laterocytic stomata, and capitate glandular trichomes. Y-shaped hairs were found in two species but not in E. nummularius. Similarly, isobilateral mesophyll occurs in both E. alsinoides and Evolvulus glomeratus, but a dorsiventral mesophyll is present in E. nummularius. Stems consist of a single layer of epidermis, one to four chlorenchyma layers, one to seven layers of cortical cells and a bicollateral bundle with pith in the center. The seed coat epidermal cell shapes were irregular or polygonal with raised and undulated anticlinal boundaries, and folded or flattened to concave periclinal walls. Pollens of all taxa are monads, spheroidally shaped with 28-47 µm diameter, and 15-pantocolpate apertures type with microechinate ornamentation. Conclusions: An identification key to species is constructed based on leaf anatomy and seed coat characters. This data can be used in other subjects such as pharmaceutical botany, organic chemistry, taxonomy and horticulture, in terms of species identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evolvulus alsinoides L. is used for preparation of 'Shankhapushpi', an important popular ayurvedic drug that contributes considerably to the improvement of memory power. The improvement is attributed to the presence of furanocoumarin scopoletin, a metabolite with a wide range of biological activities. This report describes, for the first time, an in vitro culture system for propagation and enhanced production of scopoletin. Different concentrations of auxins and cytokinins individually and in combination were used in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium to induce shoot regeneration in cotyledonary nodal explants and callus formation in leaf explants. The best response was achieved in MS medium fortified with 5.0 μM 6-benzyladenine (BA) in which 96 % of cultures produced 7.6 ± 0.6 shoots per explant. Regenerated shoots were rooted on MS medium with 5.0 μM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Plantlets were successfully acclimatized and established in soil. MS medium fortified with 10 μM BA + 5.0 μM IAA showed maximum growth and accumulation of scopoletin in cell cultures. Cell cultures could be maintained over 24 months. The influences of auxins, cytokinins, organic acids, amino acids, and fungal-derived elicitors on production of scopoletin were studied. Presence of either l-arginine, sodium pyruvate, or yeast extract highly promoted scopoletin production as compared with control and achieved 75.02-, 72.13-, and 57.98-fold higher accumulation, respectively. The results presented herein have laid solid foundation for large-scale production of scopoletin and further investigation of its purification and utilization as a novel pharmaceutical drug. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the effect of Evolvulus alsinoides (E. alsinoides) on glycoprotein levels in liver, kidney and pancreas of control and diabetes induced rats. Methods: Wistar albino rats were used for the present study. The diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin at 45 mg/kg body weight. After the induction of diabetes the rats were treated with glibenclamiede and E. alsinoides for 45 d. At the end of the experimental period the glycoprotein levels were estimated by using standard protocols. Results: Significantly higher levels of glycoproteins were observed in the tissues of diabetic rats when compared with the control rats. After treated with ethanolic extract of E. alsinoides and standard drug resulted in the reduction of glycoproteins when compared with the diabetic control rats. Conclusions: The present study proved that that ethanolic extract of E. alsinoides owned a beneficial effect on glycoprotein components. Hence, it can be used in the prevention of glycoprotein medicated complications in diabetes mellitus.

Objective: To identify the free radical scavenging activity of ethanolic extract of Evolvulus alsinoides. Methods: The free radical scavenging activity was evaluated by in vitro methods like reducing power assay, total antioxidant activity, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) reduction, superoxide radical scavenging activity, 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, and nitric oxide radical scavenging assay, which were studied by using ascorbic acid as standard. Results: The extract showed significant activities in all antioxidant assays compared with the reference antioxidant ascorbic acid. The total antioxidant activity as well as the reducing power was also found to increase in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: Evolvulus alsinoides may act as a chemopreventive agent, providing antioxidant properties and offering effective protection from free radicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated nutrients removal from domestic wastewater by five plants in wetland roof systems (WR). The study plants includeArachis duranensis(1),Evolvulus alsinoides(2),Cosmos Bipinnuatus(3),Cyperus alternifoliusLinn (4), andPhilodendron hastatum(5). The WRs were acclimatized at hydraulic loading rates (HLR) of 220 m3/ha d and operated at HLR of 300 m3/ha d. The plants (1), (2), (4), and (5) had the ability to grow under the rooftop conditions with domestic wastewater as a nutrient source while the plant (3) was not suitable and dead after 20 d of operation. Generally,A. duranensis(1) andC. alternifoliusLinn (4) were the most suitable plants treating domestic wastewater under the conditions of WR. The average phosphorus removal efficiencies of (1) and (4) were approximately 75 and 89%, respectively, while the average nitrogen removal efficiencies were 69 and 92%. The phosphorus accumulation in plants (1) and (4) during operation was 20.4 and 29.4%, respectively, while the nitrogen accumulation was 21.5 and 93%. It is concluded thatC. alternifoliusLinn (4) has best nutrient removal among the study plants under the conditions of shallow bed WR treating domestic wastewater (24 ± 4 and 2.0 ± 0.4 kg TP/ha d). [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Medicinal plants are at great interest to the researcher in the field of biotechnology, as most of the drug industries depend in medicinal plants for the production of pharmaceutical compounds. Plants are the traditional sources for many chemicals used as pharmaceutical biochemicals, fragrances, food colours and flavours in different countries especially in India. Most herbal medicines and their derivative products were often prepared from crude plant extracts, which comprise a complex mixture of different phytochemical constituents (plant secondary metabolites). The chemical features of these constituents differ considerably among different species. GC-MS method used for the analysis of the obtained extracts can be an interesting tool for testing the amount of some active principles in herbs used in cosmetic, drugs, pharmaceutical or food industry. The aim of this study was to carry out for identification of bioactive compounds from the whole plant ethanolic extract of Evolvulus alsinoides by Gas chromatography and Mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). GCMS analysis of ethanolic extract was done by standard protocol using the equipment Thermo GC-Trace Ultra Version: 5.0, Thermo MS DSQ II. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of various compounds like piperine, octodeconoic acids, hexadecanoic acid and squalene in the ethanolic extract of Evolvulus alsinoides. Hence, the Evolvulus alsinoides may have chemopreventive, anticancer, anti-microbial activity, antioxidant and antidiabetic activity due to the presence of secondary metabolites in the ethanolic extract. Due to the presence of esters which can be used as a flavoring agent in food industries. These findings support the traditional use of Evolvulus alsinoides in various disorders. Further studies are needed to isolate active principle of the extract as well as to elucidate their exact mechanism of action in various disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim AMany oxidative stress-related diseases occur as a result of the accumulation of free radicals in the body. Free radicals are generated by various endogenous systems, exposure to different physiochemical conditions, or pathological states. A balance between free radicals and antioxidants is necessary for appropriate physiological function. A lot of studies are going on worldwide directed towards finding natural antioxidants of plant origin. FTIR spectroscopy is used to develop a rapid and effective analytical method for studying the main constituents in medicinal plants. The chemical constituents in the plants were identified and monitored for their medicinal properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activities and FTIR spectroscopic analysis of the ethanolic extract of Evolvulus alsinoides . Method Free radical scavenging activity of ethanolic extract of the whole plant of E. alsinoides was evaluated by in vitro methods, including total antioxidant assay (FRAP method) and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity using ascorbic acid as a standard. The degree of lipid peroxidation was examined by estimating the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) using standard methods and the functional groups were analyzed using FTIR spectroscopy. The IR spectrum in the mid-infrared region 4 000–400 cm −1 was used for discriminatio and to identify various functional groups present in E. alsinoides . Results The findings indicated the presence of amino acids, amides, amines, carboxylic acids, carbonyl compounds, organic hydrocarbons, and halogens in the ethanolic extract of E. alsinoides , and the antioxidant activities were significantly increased, when compared with the standard antioxidant ascorbic acid, in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion The findings indicated promising antioxidant activity of the crude extract of E. alsinoides , and needs further exploration for their potential effective use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common endocrine metabolic disorders. Dual endocrine deficits of impaired insulin action (insulin resistance) and inadequate insulin secretion create an environment of chronic hyperglycemia and general metabolic disarray. Oxidative stress plays an important role in diabetic pathogenesis. Oxidative stress induced by streptozotocin (STZ) has been shown to damage pancreatic beta cell and produce hyperglycemia in rats. The present study was made to evaluate the antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of the Evolvulus alsinoides in STZ induced rats. The antioxidant activities were done by using standard protocols. For histopathological analysis, the pancreatic tissues of all experimental groups were fixed with 10 % formalin for 24 h then the samples were stained with hematoxylin-eosin for the microscopic observation. Our results showed the significant decrease in lipid peroxidation and increases in the antioxidant (both enzymatic and nonenzymatic) levels after treatment with standard as well as the E. alsinoides. There is no significant difference between control and plant alone group rats. The histopathology reports also revealed non-toxic effect and protective effect of E. alsinoides in the kidney of STZ induced diabetic rats. Our result indicated that the E. alsinoides extract effectively increased the antioxidant level thereby it prevents oxidative stress during diabetes mellitus and also it showed the protective effect on kidney of STZ induced rats. Hence it can be used to maintain the antioxidant level during diabetes mellitus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]