Search

Copyright of Continue Education Research is the property of Harbin Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Forest fires pose a significant threat to forest ecosystems, with severe impacts on both the environment and human society. Understanding the post-fire recovery processes of forests is crucial for developing strategies for species diversity conservation and ecological restoration and preventing further damage. The present study proposes applying the EAswin-Mask2former model based on semantic segmentation in deep learning using visible light band data to better monitor the evolution of burn areas in forests after fires. This model is an improvement of the classical semantic segmentation model Mask2former and can better adapt to the complex environment of burned forest areas. This model employs Swin-Transformer as the backbone for feature extraction, which is particularly advantageous for processing high-resolution images. It also includes the Contextual Transformer (CoT) Block to better capture contextual information capture and incorporates the Efficient Multi-Scale Attention (EMA) Block into the Efficiently Adaptive (EA) Block to enhance the model's ability to learn key features and long-range dependencies. The experimental results demonstrate that the EAswin-Mask2former model can achieve a mean Intersection-over-Union (mIoU) of 76.35% in segmenting complex forest burn areas across different seasons, representing improvements of 3.26 and 0.58 percentage points, respectively, over the Mask2former models using ResNet and Swin-Transformer backbones, respectively. Moreover, this method surpasses the performance of the DeepLabV3+ and Segformer models by 4.04 and 1.75 percentage points, respectively. Ultimately, the proposed model offers excellent segmentation performance for both forest and burn areas and can effectively track the evolution of burned forests when combined with unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to accelerate the construction of an industrial system that promotes the coordinated development of the real economy, technological innovation, modern finance, and human resources. This is the fundamental principle for solidly building a modern industrial system. The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China stressed that "building a modern industrial system, as an important strategic deployment for the new era and new journey, is of great significance for promoting high-quality development and realizing Chinese path to modernization". Both theory and practice proved that establishing an industrial system that coordinates the development of the real economy, technological innovation, modern finance, and human resources is an inherent requirement for China to deeply implement the innovation-driven development strategy in the increasingly fierce international competition. It has become the most important way to build a modern industrial system and respond to the current situation of industry and technology being "choked". According to Kilduff s theory of textile economic development stages, China's textile industry is currently in a continuous process of upgrading from large-scale production to high value-added industries, facing problems such as "having chains, not being smooth" and "having factors, not being coordinated", which restricts the improvement of the competitiveness and efficiency of the textile industry system. Based on this, the article examines the development trend of the textile modernization industry system from the perspective of four-dimensional collaboration and explores its evolutionary characteristics, which is the foundation and key to accelerating the construction of the textile modernization industry system. To explore the achievements and evolutionary characteristics of China's textile modernization industry system construction from 1998 to 2021 from the perspective of four-dimensional coordinated development, the article constructs a four-dimensional collaborative indicator evaluation system for the modernization of the textile industry system. Based on statistical data of the textile industry from 1998 to 2021, the sequential arrangement polygon area method is used to evaluate the development level of China's textile modernization industry system. The evolutionary characteristics of the system are analyzed using the collaborative Haken model. Previous research has been limited to a general analysis of the collaborative situation of systems, and there is a lack of exploration of the main controlling factors affecting system evolution. To explore the collaborative evolution relationship of systems, it is necessary to grasp the order parameters that play a dominant role in system evolution. This article is officially based on this research gap and uses the Haken model to identify order parameters, providing theoretical support for enhancing the collaborative orderliness and mutual promotion among the four subsystems of textile real economy, textile technology innovation, modern textile finance, and textile human resources. Research found that, since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the development level of the modern textile industry system has significantly improved; the order parameter driving the evolution of the modern textile industry system has changed from the development level index of the textile real economy before the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China to the development level indexes of textile technology innovation and textile human resources after the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and the transformation of the order parameter indicates that the construction of a modern textile industry system is increasingly constrained by innovation and talent; the synergistic effect of the textile modernization industry system in the eight major economic zones is on an upward trajectory, and there is a clear spatial polarization phenomenon between and within the economic zones. This article conducts a comprehensive evaluation of the development level of the modern textile industry system from the four dimensions of real economy, technological innovation, modern finance, and human resources from a systematic perspective. The Haken model is used to analyze its co-evolutionary characteristics. Subsequent research can improve the Haken model to explore in depth the directions of the four-dimensional subsystems of the textile real economy, textile technology innovation, modern textile finance and textile human resources, as well as their coordinated evolution. This will enable more precise policy recommendations to serve the construction of a modern textile industry system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the center of gravity and coupling analysis model, we calculate the spatial pattern and evolution characteristics of global economic, population and grain centers of gravity from 1960 to 2020, and analyze their coupling relationships and influencing factors. The results show that: (1) The centers of gravity of all three groups are obviously biased toward the northern hemisphere, which is closely related to the global distribution of land and sea, and the northern hemisphere has a larger land area and superior natural conditions than the southern hemisphere. The economic center of gravity is located in the northwest of the geometric center (0°, 0°), and the grain and population centers of gravity are located in the northeast of the geometric center; (2) The economic center of gravity moves eastward rapidly and with a large magnitude; the population center of gravity mainly moves from northwest to south, from northwest to southeast before 1990, and from northeast to the southwest after 1990, with a smaller movement; the grain center of gravity has a large jump and is the most unstable, and the regularity is not obvious;(3) The economic and grain centers of gravity are highly coupled; the grain and population centers of gravity are coupled, but not significantly; the economic and population centers of gravity are lowly coupled but in a gradually increasing state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Science and technology parks are increasingly becoming the key carriers of interna‐ tional innovation cooperation. Revealing the evolution characteristics of the international inno‐ vation cooperation network of Zhongguancun has important reference value for Zhongguancun to formulate international innovation cooperation policies. Based on PCT patent cooperation da‐ ta, using social network analysis and spatial analysis methods, this paper discussed the evolution characteristics of the international innovation cooperation network of Zhongguancun on the basis of clarifying its development process. The research findings are as follows: ①The international innovation cooperation network of Zhongguancun has experienced an evolutionary process from low-level to high-level development from initial establishment to rapid development and then to transformation and upgrading. ②International innovation cooperation shows a spatial pattern of expansion before contraction. The United States has always been the main target of coopera‐ tion. Each sub-park in Zhongguancun has formed a core area with Chaoyang Park as the main area and Haidian Park and Shijingshan Park as the auxiliary areas. The spatial agglomeration structure mode of Chaoyang Park American cooperation has gradually emerged. ③The number of international cooperation subjects is increasing in a fluctuating trend. The core position of lo‐ cal enterprises in the network is gradually strengthening. The core subjects of the network have changed from multinational giants to local leading enterprises and multinational companies for common development. ④Image communication, wireless communication network and electron‐ ic digital data processing are the hot areas of international cooperation in Zhongguancun. Among them, cooperation with the United States in the field of image communication has in‐ creased, and cooperation with the United Kingdom in the field of electronic digital data process‐ ing has increased; cooperation with Japan mainly focuses on the field of wireless communication networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asphalt pavement surface texture is the main factor affecting pavement function. Reconstruction of the asphalt pavement surface texture is needed to accurately reveal its evolutionary characteristics for pavement performance and quality evaluation. To reconstruct an optimised 3D model of the asphalt pavement surface texture and to study its evolutionary properties, digital image processing technique and accelerated pavement testing system were used. First, the asphalt pavement surface texture 3D model optimised by three camera parameters and their thresholds. Next, the accelerated pavement testing system simulated traffic loadings on dense-gradation asphalt mixtures to investigate the pavement surface texture evolution properties. Finally, predictive models are developed for the asphalt pavement surface texture evolution. Results show that the optimised pavement texture 3D model resembles actual pavement structure. The surface texture evolutionary characteristics of asphalt pavement can be divided into three periods and six stages. The evolution model can accurately characterise the evolution of the surface texture of asphalt pavement. Abbreviations: MLS11: Accelerated pavement testing system; HP: Mean pixel difference; Df: Fractal Dimension; MTD: Mean Texture Depth; BPN: British Pendulum Number [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial park (IP) development has passed through many stages, and the development evolution pathways of IPs have different characteristics according to different perspectives. Understanding the evolutionary characteristics of IPs will assist us in understanding their essential developmental trajectories. Achieving carbon neutrality in IPs is important for combating climate change. In order to reveal the evolutionary characteristics of IPs from a carbon neutrality perspective, this study examines the Kalundborg eco-industrial park by dividing its development into three stages. We also quantitatively analyze this evolution based on enterprise connectance and enterprise repetitive connectance. We then analyze the evolutionary characteristics at the national level by using China and South Korea as examples. The results showed that the development trajectories of IPs had spontaneous and conscious characteristics. Compared with the spontaneous stage, enterprise connectance and enterprise repetitive connectance were obviously higher during the conscious stage. This article contributes to our understanding of the nature of IP development from a carbon neutrality perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyze the evolutionary characteristics and development levels of regional ice and snow tourist destinations by integrating the Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) within an Internet of Things (IoT) framework. Data from multiple sources are gathered through web scraping technology from various online platforms and are then subjected to cleaning, standardization, and normalization. A feature recognition model for ice and snow tourism is constructed based on a BPNN combined with a Spatial-Temporal Graph Convolutional Network (ST-GCN) algorithm. Experimental results demonstrate that this model excels in convergence speed and prediction accuracy, achieving a final convergence value of 0.059 and a prediction accuracy of 95.74 %, which is at least 4 % higher than that of the baseline BPNN algorithm. Additionally, the model yields Recall and F1 scores of 91.57 % and 89.31 %, respectively. After 98 iterations, the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) is 6.26, significantly outperforming other model algorithms. These results indicate that the proposed model offers substantial advantages in enhancing the management and service quality of ice and snow tourist destinations, thereby providing valuable technical support and guidance for future intelligent tourism management.

Sustainable agricultural development is a fundamental requirement and a crucial goal of modern agriculture. It is also a significant means of enabling farmers to increase their incomes. This paper analyses the evolutionary characteristics, regional differences and spatial convergence of the level of sustainable agricultural development using kernel density estimation, Dagum's Gini coefficient and the spatial convergence model based on panel data from 30 provinces in China from 2012 to 2021.The results show that: (1) At the level of development, the level of sustainable agricultural development at the national level and in the three major regions has shown an upward trend with fluctuations, with the average level of development in the eastern and central parts of the country higher than the national average, and in the western part of the country lower than the national average; however, the growth rate in the western part of the country is the highest among the three major regions. (2) In terms of evolutionary characteristics, the level of sustainable agricultural development in the country and the three major regions is characterised by spatial agglomeration, with varying degrees of polarisation. (3) In terms of regional differences, the Gini coefficients for the country as a whole, within the three major regions and between regions, generally show a downward trend, with interregional differences remaining the main source of overall differences. (4) In terms of spatial convergence, there is σ-convergence and β-convergence in the level of sustainable agricultural development across the country and the three major regions, and there is a positive spatial spillover effect. The conditional β convergence results show that the eastern region has the fastest rate of convergence. The above findings provide a scientific basis for the formulation of policies related to sustainable agricultural development in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accelerating the transformation of the rural energy structure is an indispensable part of energy transformation in developing countries. In this novel study, the transformation effect of China's rural energy structure from 2001 to 2020 was evaluated. Further, this paper also identified the decoupling state between the rural energy structure transition and carbon emissions, and decomposed the spatial–temporal effects of rural carbon decoupling through efficiency measures. According to the survey, the dual substitution index of the rural energy structure in China increased from 0.466 to 1.828, and showed a decreasing trend in spatial distribution from the east to the central and western regions. Economic development and climate characteristics have become important influencing factors for the dual substitution of the rural energy structure. The decoupling relationship between the dual substitution of the rural energy structure and carbon emissions was mainly characterized in the strong decoupling, expansion negative decoupling, and strong negative decoupling states. Regional imbalances have deepened as the efficiency of rural energy carbon decoupling has gradually increased. The annual average efficiency of rural energy carbon decoupling in a dynamic perspective has increased by 10.579%, and the dual substitution of the energy structure has a significant driving effect on rural carbon reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 1978, China's rapid urbanization and industrialization have significantly increased carbon emissions. This study employs spatial autocorrelation, kernel density estimation, and spatiotemporal geographically weighted regression (GTWR) methods to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of carbon emissions across 336 Chinese cities from 1978 to 2020. It also explores the dominant influencing factors for different cities at various stages of development. The findings reveal that carbon emissions in Chinese cities exhibit a stepwise growth pattern: “slow growth (1978–1995) - low-level stability (1996–2000) - rapid growth (2001–2012) - high-level stability (2013–2020).'' The gap between cities has widened rapidly, and spatially, the distribution follows a “core-periphery” pattern. The increase in carbon emissions in core cities has transformed the urban hierarchy from a “generally low-carbon” structure to a “pyramid” structure. Compared to 1995, the influence of population size on carbon emissions decreased in 2020 (0.54–0.38), while the impact of infrastructure development and technological advances increased (0.02–0.25, 0.09 to 0.19). Due to the varying stages of urban development across regions, the influencing factors of carbon emissions exhibit spatial heterogeneity. Specifically, population size has a stronger positive impact on carbon emissions in the Southeast, technological advances in East and North China, and industrial structure in the Yangtze River Basin region. Infrastructure construction and investment levels show a dampening effect on carbon emissions in the Yangtze River Basin. Finally, the study proposes policy recommendations focusing on implementing regional “gradient” carbon reduction and promoting regional collaborative carbon reduction driven by core cities.

Soil properties are crucial in forest ecological management and rare vegetation protection. In this study, Fanjing Mountain, a typical subtropical forest, was used to investigate and analyze the differences in soil properties and climate change characteristics of Fanjing Mountain in 1982 and 2014. Then redundancy analysis was used to analyze the influence of climate factors on soil properties. The results showed that: 1) Compared to 1982, the soil properties of Fanjian Mountain changed significantly in 2014. The soil texture evolved from a silty loam in 1982 to a silty clay loam in 2014. There was a significant increase in soil clay particles. In addition, the soil showed acidification, weakened cation exchange capacity, and relatively stable soil total nitrogen but significant loss of soil organic matter and total phosphorus nutrients. 2) In the past 32 years, the environmental climate of Fanjing Mountain has shown the characteristics of increasing annual average temperature and annual rainfall, frequent extreme temperature, widening the annual temperature range and decreasing annual relative humidity. 3) Soil type and maximum annual temperature have a highly significant effect on the evolution of soil properties, while annual rainfall and slope orientation significantly affect the evolution. Conclusion: The evolution of soil properties in subtropical forests is dominated by their type differences and climate warming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of New Architecture is the property of New Architecture Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Henan University of Science & Technology, Natural Science is the property of Editorial Office of Journal of Henan University of Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

From August to September 2020, the Xieliupo landslide in the Bailong River basin in Longnan continued to deform, seriously threatening the life and property safety of residents at the foot of the slope. Xieliupo landslide was taken as the research object. Based on the high-resolution UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) imagery, the orthophoto images and digital surface models before and after the sliding of the Xieliupo landslide were extracted, of which the correlation was analyzed by COSI-Corr software. The offset information of the characteristic points on the landslide surface was calculated, and the vertical variation was obtained through the DSM (digital surface model) difference method. Finally, the movement and material change of the Xieliupo landslide were understood and analyzed, and the formation and evolution process and failure mechanism of the colluvial landslide in the middle and high mountains and valleys were discussed. The research results show that the deformation area of Xieliupo landslide is mainly the left middle and lower part of the slip source area and the right secondary landslide. The maximum vertical sliding displacement is 5. 89 m, the average horizontal displacement is 6. 24 m, and nearly 42% of the slip source area has been deformed. From June to September 2020, the sliding volume of torrential slope landslide is 33 871 m 3, the accumulation volume is 10 215 m 3, the rainfall erosion volume is 23 656 m 3, and the failure mode is a creeping-tension type thrust load-caused landslide. UAV high-precision data can not only clearly and intuitively identify the signs of landslide deformation and damage, but also calculate the surface vertical displacement, horizontal displacement, volume change and the profile before and after sliding, which provides an important basis for rescue and disaster relief, scientific decision-making, and has broad application prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The aims of this study are to reveal the century-scale drought evolution characteristics in typical areas of the Loess Plateau, couple with landform types to clarify the spatiotemporal variation of meteorological drought, and provide scientific and technological support for the comprehensive management of the Beiluo River Basin. [Methods] The annual standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index(SPEI) was calculated by using average temperature and precipitation data with a resolution of 1 km in the Beiluo River Basin from 1915 to 2020, and the spatiotemporal variations of meteorological drought in various landform types were examined by using the Theil-Sen Median trend analysis, Mann-Kendall test, wavelet analysis, and inverse distance weighted interpolation(IDW). [Results](1) The Beiluo River Basin′s spatial distribution of temperature and precipitation was quite diverse, showing a general decreasing trend from southeast to northwest along with a top-to-bottom gradient distribution of temperature along the channel. The temperature was relatively high in the downstream area(terrace plain area) while there was comparatively little precipitation in the upstream area(the hilly-gully area).(2) Throughout the study period, the SPEI-12 of this basin changed dramatically, suggesting that drought occurrences appeared in cycles. Overall drought occurrences displayed the decreasing tendency in terms of quantity, with a decline rate of-0.04/decade. Among them, the trend turned in 1942, 1990, and 2010, with 1990 marking the biggest turning point. Drought cycle variations could be loosely separated into two periods: the period prior to 1960, when the primary cycles were the 10 years and 17 years, and the period following 1960, when the dominant cycles were the 3 years, 7 years, and 30 years. The 10-year and 30-year cycles predominated the basin drought fluctuations across the whole time span.(3) The reduction in SPEI-12 was increasing from the northeast to the southwest, indicating that the Beiluo River Basin was often experiencing weak drought. This decline was global, but not statistically significant.(4) In the time domain, the frequency of drought events varied substantially. The 2000 s could be seen the highest frequency of all types of drought events, with the upstream(hilly-gully area) and the downstream(terrace plain area) both reaching 70% and the midstream(rocky-mountain area and table-gully area) at about 60%. The 1990 s could be seen the highest frequency of severe and extreme drought.(5) Different types of droughts distributed differently. While the frequency of moderate droughts slowly rose from the south to the north, the frequency of mild droughts gradually reduced from the south to the north. In general, moderate droughts were more likely to occur in the upper parts of the Beiluo River Basin(the hills-gully area), whereas mild droughts were more likely to occur in the downstream sections(the terrace plain area). The probability of experiencing an acute drought was just 1.69 to 2.10% in the majority of the basin′s high-incidence zones, which dispersed throughout the basin. [Conclusion] Drought trends caused by global warming have an objective impact on the Loess Plateau region. The high-frequency types of meteorological droughts in different geomorphic types of the Beiluo River Basin are slightly different. In the future, drought resistance and disaster reduction capabilities in the middle and lower reaches should be improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rockburst (equal to strainburst in this paper), a typical catastrophic geohazard, poses a major threat to the safety of employees and infrastructure in deep rock engineering. Fortunately, accidents can be reduced or eliminated by predicting rockburst accurately, and the sound signals generated during rockburst are useful information for the prediction. In this paper, a two-step method for predicting rockburst using sound signals was proposed, which mainly includes two steps. Step 1: the wavelet scattering network is first used to extract the features of sound signals corresponding to the macrocracking phenomena (e.g. particles ejecting, slabbing, and fragments ejecting) during rockburst, and then these phenomena are classified by the integrated usage of the k-nearest neighbour (KNN) classification algorithm and voting. Finally, according to the nature of these phenomena, which occur sequentially before rockburst, the rockburst development stages can be recognized by the classification results. Step 2: the possibility of rockburst occurrence is determined by identifying the rockburst precursors in the evolutionary characteristics of the sound signals, such as which the Mel-frequency cepstral coefficient rate and energy rate both decrease sharply and the amplitude difference activity exhibits a distinct change from a significant decrease stage to a low-level stage for a duration and then to a dramatic increase stage. Furthermore, case studies show that the two-step method accurately recognizes the rockburst development stages and determines the possibility of rockburst occurrence in a multilevel and progressive way. Therefore, it is feasible to predict rockburst under deep rock engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of emerging technologies to construct an interactive academic field of Li Zehou’s aesthetic theory aims to promote the study of Li Zehou’s aesthetic thought and the development of contemporary Chinese aesthetics. Based on the content and characteristics of Li Zehou’s aesthetics theory, the article describes the innovative application of emerging technology in academic communication, constructs the academic field of Li Zehou’s aesthetics theory on the basis of Bourdieu’s field theory, and designs the framework of the interactive academic field by combining with emerging technology. Relying on Li Zehou’s interactive academic field for the construction of a multi-layer innovation network model and providing relevant quantitative methods for interactive academic field network metrics. The dataset is constructed with the relevant literature of Li Zehou’s aesthetics theory from 2005 to 2022 as the search target, and the network density, central potential, clustering coefficients, and path lengths of the interactive field are analyzed, and the evolution characteristics of the multilayer field network are explored. The cross-border innovation multilayer network density of the interactive field of Li Zehou’s aesthetic thought fluctuates around 0.092, approaching the mean value of central potential up to 65.76%, and the average clustering coefficient fluctuates in the range of [0.25,0.35]. The cooperative sub-network and the technology sub-network have smaller path lengths with larger clustering coefficients, indicating small-worldness. The interactive academic field combining emerging technologies can promote the widespread dissemination of Li Zehou’s aesthetic ideas.

With the rapid advancement of global technology, high-tech industries have become key drivers for the economic growth of many nations and regions. This study delves into the spatiotemporal dynamics and determinants influencing China's high-tech sector from 2007 to 2021. The key findings include the following: (1) Nationally, the high-tech sector has been a cornerstone for China's GDP growth over the preceding 15 years. The expansion rate of the high-tech domain consistently outpaces the broader economy. In particular, since 2015, the percentage of high-tech industries' GDP has surged to approximately 42%. (2) At the provincial level, the spatial representation of the high-tech sector's GDP predominantly leans towards the east and the south, revealing pronounced spatial autocorrelation. Nevertheless, the demarcations between east and west and between north and south are progressively diminishing. (3) Regarding influential determinants, R&D internal expenditure, operating revenue, and industry agglomeration have been instrumental in spearheading innovation and bolstering growth within the high-tech realm. These insights are invaluable for comprehending the evolutional nuances of China's high-tech industry and devising pertinent policy measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spatial-temporal pattern of auto manufacturing has attracted scholars' great interests. The Pearl River Delta (PRD) is an important part of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, which is one of the world's four major bay areas. However, there is little study on the spatial-temporal pattern of auto manufacturing and its dynamics in the this area. Based on the economic census employment data of the nine cities in 2013 and 2018, the density, Theil Index and Global Moran's Index are employed to discuss the characteristics of auto manufacturing distribution in PRD during 2013-2018. It founds that: The density of the PRD and the east bank of the Pearl River is high. The density of Shenzhen, Guangzhou and Foshan is higher, and the density of two core cities (Guangzhou and Shenzhen) suburbs and the seven city centers with auto enterprises is higher. Distribution of auto manufacturing had become more uncorrelated. The degree of concentration is moderate and decreasing. Global production network theory of extra-firms--auto lead firms and governments bargaining strategy determines the distribution of assemblers in Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Foshan city of the around Pearl River area and the east bank. As a result, the density of districts (majority of them in the suburbs) in these two regions and three major cities with assemblers is higher. Extra-firms--auto parts and district governments bargaining strategy, inter-firms--auto lead firms and suppliers partnership strategy, and intra-firms--auto lead firms coordination strategy decided the initial distribution of the auto parts in those districts around or within two hours' driver from their upstream suppliers mainly assemblers. However, with the governments of industrial parks without assemblers providing more preferential land, tax and other policies to parts enterprises in the bargaining process, auto parts dispersed more, the density of these districts with industrial parks usually in the city centre of seven cities except Guangzhou and Shenzhen became higher, the spatial distribution increased uncorrelated, the degree of concentration was medium and showed a downward trend. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arid Zone Research / Ganhanqu Yanjiu is the property of Arid Zone Research Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Ecology & Rural Environment is the property of Journal of Ecology & Rural Environment Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Based on the data of land use, urbanization rate and green cover in Chengdu from 2005 to 2020, landscape pattern index and regression analysis were used to explore the evolution of landscape pattern and its influencing factors in Chengdu in the past 15 years. The results showed that arable land, forest and artificial construction land were the main landscape types, and the area of the three landscape types changed significantly. Arable land landscape was the most dominant landscape, but its area decreased and the degree of fragmentation increased. The area of forest landscape increased year by year, and the degree of fragmentation decreased. The area of artificial construction land increased significantly, the degree of fragmentation increased, and the landscape dominance gradually increased. The overall trend of urban landscape fragmentation was that the connection degree of dominant landscape types gradually decreased, the degree of agglomeration decreased and the complexity increased, and the proportion of each type of landscape tended to be balanced. Urbanization rate was significantly correlated with landscape spread and diversity index. With the increase of urbanization level, the agglomeration degree of various landscapes in Chengdu decreased. Policy factors played an important role in the evolution of landscape patterns. Influenced by the “Park City” policy, the green coverage rate and the area of forest, shrub and grassland increased significantly in 2018. Land use policy was the main factor affecting the change of artificial construction and cultivated land area. The future land use planning should pay attention to the protection of cultivated land. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable agricultural development is a fundamental requirement and a crucial goal of modern agriculture. It is also a significant means of enabling farmers to increase their incomes. This paper analyses the evolutionary characteristics, regional differences and spatial convergence of the level of sustainable agricultural development using kernel density estimation, Dagum’s Gini coefficient and the spatial convergence model based on panel data from 30 provinces in China from 2012 to 2021.The results show that: (1) At the level of development, the level of sustainable agricultural development at the national level and in the three major regions has shown an upward trend with fluctuations, with the average level of development in the eastern and central parts of the country higher than the national average, and in the western part of the country lower than the national average; however, the growth rate in the western part of the country is the highest among the three major regions. (2) In terms of evolutionary characteristics, the level of sustainable agricultural development in the country and the three major regions is characterised by spatial agglomeration, with varying degrees of polarisation. (3) In terms of regional differences, the Gini coefficients for the country as a whole, within the three major regions and between regions, generally show a downward trend, with interregional differences remaining the main source of overall differences. (4) In terms of spatial convergence, there is σ-convergence and β-convergence in the level of sustainable agricultural development across the country and the three major regions, and there is a positive spatial spillover effect. The conditional β convergence results show that the eastern region has the fastest rate of convergence. The above findings provide a scientific basis for the formulation of policies related to sustainable agricultural development in China.

The Tibetan Plateau (TP) summer monsoon (TPSM) is a unique monsoon system generated by the uplifted thermal forcing over the large-scale terrain. Considering both the dynamic and thermodynamic features of TPSM, we identified two distinct quasi-biweekly modes based on multivariate empirical orthogonal function analysis. The first mode shows a south–north-aligned pattern, related to interaction between the tropics and mid‐latitudes. In contrast, the second mode is generated by a southeastward‐propagating wave train crossing over Eurasia to form a west–east dipole distribution over the TP. The diagnostic results of a vorticity budget analysis and Rossby wave dynamics suggest that the first mode originates from the Mediterranean and propagates eastward along the westerly jet. As the upper-level vorticity anomaly approaches the northern TP, the vorticity advection induced by zonal background winds shows a leading phase to the southern sector of the TP, inducing southward movement. Once the southward-moving upper‐level vorticity arrives over the Indian peninsula, it is coupled with tropical convection disturbances in the low level, whereupon they together propagate northwestward. The wave train associated with the second mode originates from the North Atlantic. Its southeastward propagation is also related to the advection of vorticity perturbations caused by background westerly mean flows. Before reaching the western TP, the vorticity anomalies of the wave train are well-organized and quasi‐barotropic in structure. The blocking effect of the TP topography seems to disturb the wave structure. The movements of lower‐level vorticity and diabatic heating slow down and form a baroclinic structure over the TP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Engineering Mechanics / Gongcheng Lixue is the property of Engineering Mechanics Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Tin ore is one of the dominant minerals in China. It was listed in the strategic mineral catalogue in National Mineral Resources Planning (2016–2020). Based on the perspective of complex network, this paper selects international tin ore trade data from 2007 to 2018 of the United Nations commodity trade database as sample, constructs a directional weighted international tin ore trade complex network, and quantitatively analyzes the characteristics and time evolution of international tin ore trade from aspects of overall structural characteristics of trade network, power-law distribution characteristics, core country identification and propagation path of supply risk, etc.. The results show that: (1) From 2007 to 2018, the global tin ore trade activity has been greatly affected twice, which are the shrinkage of tin ore trade caused by the global financial crisis in 2008 and the impact of Indonesia's tin export tightening policy between 2012 and 2016; (2) As a transit country, Singapore's import concentration rate is very high while its export shows diversified characteristics; (3) By constructing a spanning tree, the supply risk propagation and path diffusion as well as characteristics of Indonesia which is the largest tin ore export country are captured under current trade pattern; (4) By analyzing intermediary nature, developed countries in Europe and the United States play crucial roles in controlling the stability of global tin ore trade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Watershed water cycles undergo profound changes under changing environments. Analyses of runoff evolution characteristics are fundamental to our understanding of the evolution of water cycles under changing environments. In this study, linear regression, moving average, Mann–Kendall, Pettitt, accumulative anomaly, STARS, wavelet analysis, and CEEMDAN methods were used to analyze the trends, mutations, and periodic and intrinsic dynamic patterns of runoff evolution using long-term historical data. The intra-annual distribution of runoff in the Dawen River Basin was uneven, with an overall decreasing trend and mutations in 1975–1976. The main periods of runoff were 1.9 and 2.2 years, and the strongest oscillations in the study period occurred in 1978–1983. The runoff decomposition high-frequency term (intra-annual fluctuation term) had a stronger fluctuation frequency, with a period of 0.51–0.55 years, while the low-frequency term (interannual fluctuation term) had a period of 1.55–2.26 years. The trend term for the runoff decomposition tended to decrease throughout the monitoring period and gradually stabilized at the end of the monitoring period, while the period gradually decreased from upstream to downstream. In summary, we used multiple methods to analyze the evolutionary characteristics of runoff, which are of great relevance to the adaptive management of water resources under changing environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agricultural carbon mitigation is one of the most important components of China's carbon mitigation goals. This paper calculates China's agricultural carbon emissions (ACEs) from 2000 to 2020, studies the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of China's ACEs, and aims to provide references for the development of China's ACEs reduction policies. The results show that the total ACEs in China presented an inverted "W" trend, with a slight increase of 2.81% in total. China's ACEs mainly came from livestock and poultry breeding and agricultural material inputs. Although the carbon emissions from rice cultivation and soil accounted for a relatively low proportion, they showed an uptrend of fluctuation during the study period. From a geographical point of view, ACEs in the regions of central China and western China were relatively high compared to those in eastern China. Carbon emissions decreased for crop farming and livestock and poultry breeding in most eastern provinces. Crop farming carbon emissions grew, while the emissions from livestock and poultry breeding declined in most of the central provinces. Carbon emissions increased for crop farming and livestock and poultry breeding in most western provinces. Therefore, the existing low-carbon agricultural policies should be optimized, crop farming technologies should be improved, and specific policies should be applied in the corresponding regions to support China's ACEs reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid urbanization has had an important impact on the pattern and function of rural land use. To better understand the key drivers of the landscape pattern evolution in southern Henan in China from 1980 to 2020, we used techniques of GIS(Geographic Information System) technology and the geodetector model in the research area of landscape pattern evolution characteristics. The research results show that the land use transformation in the rural areas of southern Henan has been characterized by the conversion of production land to living land and ecological land, with the highest conversion rate and continuous growth of construction land, a decreasing trend of cropland, and continuous and stable growth of land for forest and water body in the past 40 years. Land use conversion in the rural areas of southern Henan is mainly concentrated in the northern, central, and southern areas, and the spatial conversion has shifted from mountainous areas to the plains. The center of gravity of forest, cropland, and water body has most obviously shifted, and human interference and ecological environment destruction are the main influencing factors. The overall landscape pattern in the rural areas of southern Henan has increased in fragmentation and landscape heterogeneity, evenness has decreased, irregular patches have increased, and landscape connectivity has decreased. The combined effect of the six dimensions of elevation, slope, night lighting, average annual precipitation, average annual temperature, and population density in the rural areas of southern Henan has led to the transformation of land use and changes in landscape pattern. Physical geographic factors are the main drivers of rural landscape pattern changes in southern Henan, while population density changes and urbanization are secondary drivers. The results of the study have important guiding significance for the further optimization of rural landscape patterns and the sustainable development of rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

GATA transcription factor genes participate in plant growth, development, morphogenesis, and stress response. In this study, we carried out a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of wheat GATA transcription factor genes to reveal their molecular evolutionary characteristics and involvement in salt and drought tolerance. In total, 79 TaGATA genes containing a conserved GATA domain were identified in the wheat genome, which were classified into four subfamilies. Collinear analysis indicated that fragment duplication plays an important role in the amplification of the wheat GATA gene family. Functional disproportionation analysis between subfamilies found that both type I and type II functional divergence simultaneously occurs in wheat GATA genes, which might result in functional differentiation of the TaGATA gene family. Transcriptional expression analysis showed that TaGATA genes generally have a high expression level in leaves and in response to drought and salt stresses. Overexpression of TaGATA62 and TaGATA73 genes significantly enhanced the drought and salt tolerance of yeast and Arabidopsis. Protein–protein docking indicated that TaGATAs can enhance drought and salt tolerance by interacting between the DNA-binding motif of GATA transcription factors and photomorphogenesis-related protein TaCOP9-5A. Our results provided a base for further understanding the molecular evolution and functional characterization of the plant GATA gene family in response to abiotic stresses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an important witness to the rural industry in the agricultural era, traditional handicraft villages have attracted renewed attention in the contemporary context of intangible cultural heritage protection. The dual characteristics of their traditional cultural heritage and modern economic benefits make these villages an important carrier of the dynamic inheritance and development of the heritages under the background of rural revitalization. This paper takes a stonemason village of Xizhuang in Xinjiang County, Shanxi Province, as an example, and reveals the evolutionary characteristics of traditional handicraft villages in the process of transition from agricultural to industrial society from the "social-spatial" perspective. In the agricultural era, the kinship, production organization, and religious beliefs of traditional handicraft villages were closely linked under the blood relationship in a clan-based structure, forming a "social-spatial" trinity composed of "residence, production, and spirit." In the industrial era, the development of handicraft economy results in the transformation of the "social-spatial" form of the settlement, the social structure shrank from clan control to nuclear family domination, the production space began to be stripped away from villages, the living space changed from gathered clan living to separated-family homes, and the spiritual place was transformed into public space. However, due to the inter-generational transmission of handicrafts based on blood relationship, the consanguinity community has always been the main carrier for the continuity of skills, and has become the stable foundation for maintaining the "social-spatial" form of the village. Therefore, the adaptive transition of traditional handicraft villages in the context of socio-economic transformation continues the interconnection among society, economy, and space, and presents a unique vitality and comparative stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geese play an important role in agricultural economics, with China producing the vast majority of goose meat consumed worldwide annually. The variations in the avian viruses and co‐infections result in substantial economic losses to the goose industry in China. To understand the evolutionary characteristics and co‐infections of viruses, a broad epidemiological investigation of epizootic viruses of goose was carried out in nine provinces of China during 2018–2021. Here, the results indicated that, among the 1970 clinical samples, 50.81% (1001/1970) were positive for goose astrovirus (GAstV), 18.22% (359/1970) for avian orthoreovirus, 12.74% (251/1970) for goose parvovirus, 11.02% (217/1970) for H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus, 4.01% (79/1970) for Newcastle disease virus, and 2.08% (41/1970) for fowl adenovirus. Among the six viruses, co‐infections comprised a large proportion (66.37%) in the field, of which the dual infection was more common. Additionally, phylogenetic analysis of GAstVs indicated that Chinese GAstVs had formed two distinct groups, that is, GAstV‐1 and GAstV‐2. GAstV‐2 sub‐genotype II‐c had arisen as the dominant genotype in the whole country. Notably, all the H9N2‐AIV isolated strains harboured the mammalian adaptation markers I155T, H183N, and Q226L (H3 numbering) in the HA gene, which promotes preferential binding to human‐like α2‐6‐linked sialic acid receptors. And beyond that, we determined that the goose‐origin Muscovy Duck Reovirus isolates, showing 51.7%–96% similarities to that of other waterfowl‐origin orthoreovirus isolates in sequence homology analysis of the representative part of σC, are a new variant of waterfowl‐origin orthoreovirus. These data provide valuable information about the prevalence of infectious diseases in geese on mainland China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin rising to China's national strategy, the Yellow River Delta is facing a historic development opportunity, and the surface water problems in this region are becoming more and more severe. Owing to the dual effects of the swing of the Yellow River's channel and human activities, the surface water in the Yellow River Delta is in an evolving state. Consequently, it is important to pay attention to the ecosystem response caused by surface water evolution for the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Delta. Drawing on ecological, economic, and network analysis, in this study, the ecological service and landscape effects of the surface water evolution in the Yellow River Delta from 1986 to 2019 are explored using remote sensing and socioeconomic data. The results are as follows: (1) The surface water in the Yellow River Delta has evolved significantly in the last 35 years. Artificial water accounted for the dominant proportion of the total water, and the composition of water tended to be remarkably heterogeneous. (2) The ecological services of the surface water in the delta increased significantly during the study period. The ecological services of the surface water improved to varying degrees except for sedimentary land reclamation. Tourism, materials production, and water supply became the leading service functions of the surface water in the Yellow River Delta. The proportion of cultural functions rose rapidly, and the share of regulatory functions shrank significantly. (3) The evolution of the surface water had an evident impact on the landscape pattern of the Yellow River Delta, which was manifested as physical cutting and spatial attraction. This demonstrates the comprehensive effect of protective constraints, spatial attraction, and spatial exclusion on the landscape pattern of regional land types. The results of this study have a certain guiding significance for the development and management of the water resources in the Yellow River Delta and also provide information for ecological protection in this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analyzing the main control factors of ozone pollution changes is crucial to the formulation of pollution control policies, and how to control the major ozone pollution sources in combination with the characteristics of the city accurately is a hot topic in academic circles. To grasp the ozone pollution characteristics of typical steel industrial cities, this study took Anyang City as an example. On the basis of meteorological observation data and ozone monitoring data, the main control factors and regional pollution source characteristics of ozone pollution in typical steel industrial cities was investigated by using the improved Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise and the Comprehensive Air Quality Model with Extensions model. Results show that the relative humidity, temperature, and solar radiation have important effects on the interannual variation of summer ozone in Anyang. Among all pollution sources, the industrial sources are the main source of ozone pollution in Anyang in summer with a contribution rate of 43.2%, followed by traffic sources (25.1%). The regional characteristics of ozone pollution in Anyang in summer are evident, and the contribution of regional transmission is 63.2%, mainly affected by the urban agglomeration in central and southern Henan Province and the urban agglomeration in Shandong and Hebei Province. Conclusions reveale the ozone evolution law and influencing factors of Anyang and provide a reference for the formulation of pollution control strategies in typical steel industrial cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Erosion rates decreased significantly, minimizing in 2018. • Severe and very high types of erosion treatment were highly effective. • Severe erosion with large slopes should be the next focus of treatment. • Topography and climate are the most influential factors in soil erosion. • A generalizable methodology for soil erosion research and watershed management. Decreasing soil erosion is essential for maintaining agricultural productivity, conserving water resources, sustaining ecosystem health, mitigating climate change, and ensuring sustainable regional development. We investigated the Loess Plateau, where soil erosion is typical and severe, to characterize the evolution of soil erosion and its driving mechanisms. Specifically, we calculated the effects of rainfall erosivity, soil erodibility, slope length and gradient, vegetation cover and management, and soil and water conservation measures, and then calculated the soil erosion modulus from 1990 to 2020 using the RUSLE model. Next, we applied the landscape pattern index to analyze soil erosion and explored its evolutionary characteristics of soil erosion. We also analyzed the importance differences in the influencing factors on the Loess Plateau using a random forest model and explored the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of the influencing factors at the county scale utilizing geographically and temporally weighted regression models. The results showed that (1) from 1990 to 2020, soil erosion in the study area, generally, initially increased and then decreased, and the soil erosion modulus decreased to its minimum in 2018, (27.37 t·hm−2·a-1). The severe erosion type was effectively managed, and the occupied area was reduced by 33,742 km2. (2) The distributions of two types of soil erosion, slight and severe, were more aggregated, and the complexity of the patches of very high and severe erosion was significantly reduced. (3) Climate, slope, and human activities are important factors affecting soil erosion, among which the slope has the greatest influence on the region. (4) Severe erosion areas with a more significant slope and drier climate should be the focus of future erosion control. Our study can provide a reference for soil erosion management on the Loess Plateau as well as globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MicroRNA166 (miR166) is a highly conserved plant miRNA that plays a crucial role in plant growth and the resistance to various abiotic stresses. However, the miR166s in tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) have not been comprehensively identified and analyzed. This study identified 30 mature miR166s and twelve pre-miR166s in tea plants. An evolutionary analysis revealed that csn-miR166s originating from the 3′ arm of their precursors were more conserved than the csn-miR166s derived from the 5′ arm of their precursors. The twelve pre-miR166s in tea were divided into two groups, with csn-MIR166 Scaffold364-2 separated from the other precursors. The Mfold-based predictions indicated that the twelve csn-MIR166s formed typical and stable structures comprising a stem-loop hairpin, with minimum free energy ranging from −110.90 to −71.80 kcal/mol. An analysis of the CsMIR166 promoters detected diverse cis-acting elements, including those related to light responses, biosynthesis and metabolism, abiotic stress defenses, and hormone responses. There was no one-to-one relationship between the csn-miR166s and their targets, but most csn-miR166s targeted HD-Zip III genes. Physiological characterization of tea plants under drought stress showed that leaf water content proportionally decreased with the aggravation of drought stress. In contrast, tea leaves' malondialdehyde (MDA) content proportionally increased. Moreover, the cleavage site of the ATHB-15-like transcript was identified according to a modified 5′ RNA ligase-mediated rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The RT-qPCR data indicated that the transcription of nine csn-miR166s was negatively correlated with their target gene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Central China Normal University is the property of Huazhong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis is the property of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As urbanization increases, the city continues to interfere with an already-fragile oasis eco-environment in arid areas. This paper proposes a synthesised evaluation index system regarding the urbanization level from the perspectives of demographic, economic, spatial, and social urbanization. The eco-environment was characterised in terms of its level, endowment, pressure and response. Moreover, a coupling coordination degree model was established with respect to the coordination degree of urbanization and the eco-environment based on panel data of three county-level cities and 14 counties in the Kashgar metropolitan area from 1999 to 2016. The findings show the following: (i) Economic urbanization and the eco-environmental response contributed the most to the urbanization and eco-environmental systems of the Kashgar metropolitan area. (ii) The coordination effects of the urbanization and eco-environmental system in most counties and cities of the Kashgar metropolitan area were classified as the balanced development II 2 subcategory of intermediate uncoordinated development. This overall spatial pattern shows that county-level cities had significantly higher levels of urbanization and eco-environments than did counties. (iii) The double exponential curve between urbanization and the eco-environment was an inverted U-shaped curve. Urbanization had a stress effect on the eco-environment, whereas the eco-environment had a binding effect on urbanization. This study provides a reference for researching the evolutionary relationship between urbanization and the eco-environment in arid areas and provides decisional support for the more harmonious development of humans and nature in the Kashgar metropolitan area.

Since 1978, China's rapid urbanization and industrialization have significantly increased carbon emissions. This study employs spatial autocorrelation, kernel density estimation, and spatiotemporal geographically weighted regression (GTWR) methods to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of carbon emissions across 336 Chinese cities from 1978 to 2020. It also explores the dominant influencing factors for different cities at various stages of development. The findings reveal that carbon emissions in Chinese cities exhibit a stepwise growth pattern: "slow growth (1978-1995) - low-level stability (1996-2000) - rapid growth (2001-2012) - high-level stability (2013-2020)." The gap between cities has widened rapidly, and spatially, the distribution follows a "core-periphery" pattern. The increase in carbon emissions in core cities has transformed the urban hierarchy from a "generally low-carbon" structure to a "pyramid" structure. Compared to 1995, the influence of population size on carbon emissions decreased in 2020 (0.54-0.38), while the impact of infrastructure development and technological advances increased (0.02-0.25, 0.09 to 0.19). Due to the varying stages of urban development across regions, the influencing factors of carbon emissions exhibit spatial heterogeneity. Specifically, population size has a stronger positive impact on carbon emissions in the Southeast, technological advances in East and North China, and industrial structure in the Yangtze River Basin region. Infrastructure construction and investment levels show a dampening effect on carbon emissions in the Yangtze River Basin. Finally, the study proposes policy recommendations focusing on implementing regional "gradient" carbon reduction and promoting regional collaborative carbon reduction driven by core cities., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

Exploring the evolutionary characteristics of higher education studies across the world can provide an auxiliary reference for related research. This study used the metrological literature visualization software CiteSpace to map the co-cited network of eight higher education journals in the Social Science Citation Index, and used the Google Fusion Tables tool to establish the distribution of high-concentration regions in the higher education research worldwide. The purpose was to detect the latter's evolving central themes and central regions. The thematic evaluations showed the phased characteristics of the transition from a macro, to a meso, to a micro study perspective. The regional assessments demonstrated a divergent diffusion trend from an institutional perspective to a national perspective with a diversified center pattern. The United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, China, and South Africa have become centers in higher education research. The amount of literature published, the frequency of citations, the annual indicator, and the overall influence of a country are important factors influencing the formation of higher education research centers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT: Based on the apple acreage and output data of 23 provinces in China, the LMDI decomposition method and the barycenter analysis model were used to systematically analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of apple production in China from 1978 to 2016. The results showed that the apple acreage and output continued to increase, and the apple production layout has moved to south-westward; Shaanxi, Shandong, Henan, Shanxi, Gansu, Hebei, Liaoning, and Xinjiang were the main contributors to the apple output increase in China; yield contributed more to apple output increase, the increase of yield was a significant contributing factor to the apple output growth in 17 provinces, whereas the expansion of apple acreage was a significant contributing factor in the other 6 provinces; the barycenter of apple acreage and output respectively moved to the southwest by 506.63 kilometers and 574.12 kilometers, and the barycenter of apple production gradually shifted to the Loess Plateau. To stabilize the effective supply of apple and maintain industrial security, the policymakers should attach importance to the fundamental role of technological progress in the development of the apple industry, and bring into play the technological progress, economic, social, and environmental effects of apple industry agglomeration by optimizing the apple production layout and strengthening policy guidance and regulatory measures.

Copyright of Engineering Mechanics / Gongcheng Lixue is the property of Engineering Mechanics Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Evolution characteristics of a squall line process occurred in Guangxi Province on 4 March 2018 were analyzed with NCEP-FNL data, Doppler radar data, wind profiler data and the intensive surface AWS data. The results showed that the squall line occurred when the thunderstorm cells entered Guangxi Province and organized into a linear convection in appropriate environmental condition. Consolidation of thunderstorm cells caused by strong southwest air current in the middle and lower troposphere, and forced lift of thunderstorm outflow boundary, were the direct causes of the squall line. Guangxi Province was in a strong low-altitude vertical wind shear environment before and during the occurrence of the squall line, there was a relatively high-low-high distribution in northern Guangxi from west to east, and wind shear vector was nearly perpendicular to the squall line. Variation of the ratio of propagation velocity of cold pool to vertical wind shear could well correspond to the evolution characteristics of squall line. The dissipation of the squall line could be better explained if we correct the ratio by incorporating the wind shear caused by the jet at rear of the squall line into the low-level wind shear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Southern Agriculture is the property of Journal of Southern Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)