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As the global economy, society, and environment are undergoing profound changes and the realization of sustainable development has become the common aspiration of the international community, ecological civilization construction has become an increasingly important issue for China to formulate its long-term development strategies and promote modernization. This study analyzes the characterization of 655 established pilot zones of ecological civilization construction and 'clear waters and green mountains are as valuable as mountains of gold and silver' innovative practices from 2017 to 2022. The spatial distribution of ecological civilization areas in China follows a pattern where more regions are in the southeast than in the northwest (Hu Line). The focus of China's comprehensive ecological civilization construction has been towards the southwest in the first year and has subsequently shifted towards the northwest. The overall Gini coefficient decreased from 0.494 to 0.299, and regional ecological civilization disparities gradually narrowed. Currently, regional construction disparities between the eastern and western regions are a major obstacle to balanced development; therefore, promoting coordinated regional development is necessary. Various factors affecting the pattern of ecological civilization construction, including natural resources, economic development, social progress, policies, and culture, were identified. The availability of natural resources and economic development cause regional differences in construction levels. This research will help promote the coordinated development of Chinese ecological civilization, while the development experiences of different regions can also provide guidance for sustainable development in developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technology and knowledge play important roles in shaping regional economic resilience and are essential keys to fostering high-quality regional development. The paper utilizes domestic and foreign trade data, as well as economic and social development data, from 2001 to 2016 across 30 provinces in China. It aims to depict the characteristics of regional economic resilience and product space, conducting empirical analysis the impact of structure of knowledge-based product space on regional economic resilience. The objective is to explore how regions can promote structural transformation and economic development through knowledge networks. The study revealed that the relationship between knowledge contained within the product space is the key factor shaping economic resilience, particularly in terms of the existing knowledge nodes and the density between these nodes in the network. Owing to the impact of knowledge proximity, the process of promoting economic resilience through a relatively concentrated knowledge network is a path-dependent process. However, an excessive similarity between knowledge may lead to path locking. Therefore, our emphasis is on the structural relationships among knowledge within the region, providing a valuable an important supplement to the investigation of factors influencing economic resilience in networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study has two theoretical and empirical objectives. In the theoretical field, the evolutionary evaluation of innovation ecosystems (IEs) in order to reach a consensus in determining the actors, and the structural evaluation of them in line of providing a comprehensive structuring model are considered. From an empirical perspective, three objectives are defined: (1) mapping and pathology of Mashhad's gold and jewelry innovation ecosystem (MGJIE), (2) determining the effective policies of quadruple helix aiming to increase performance of MGJIE, (3) formulating a renewal plan of MGJIE. To meet the theoretical objectives, 95 papers were selected from Web of Science database. Selected articles were content analyzed to identify actors of IEs and also to propose them appropriate structure. To meet the first empirical objective, 15 interviews were conducted to identify the time span of various stages of the MGJIE's lifecycle as well as each cycle's drivers and barriers. To meet the second empirical objectives, 52 questionnaires were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Then, policies identified along with the opinions of experts were used as the basis for formulating a renewal plan. The findings in the theoretical field can be used by all researchers of IEs, and experimental findings can also be used as a model for the renewal of them in countries with moderate economic development such as Iran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polycentric systems are widespread globally and studied extensively, but cross-sectional studies are more prominent than longitudinal studies, and limited attention has been paid to how polycentric systems develop. We present an evolutionary framework to help identify the dynamic factors that shape polycentric system variations and that drive particular trajectories of polycentric formation. Building on prior work, we argue that polycentric institutions for resource management emerge out of spatially delimited conflicts over resource use and the externalities that they entail. Our perspective points to the characteristics and conditions of the resource itself as a starting point that crescively shapes landscape-level patterns of resource use. We illustrate this process through a case study of the evolution of a polycentric system in California’s San Gabriel River Watershed. The study found a relationship between pronounced hydrologic linkages and stronger institutional linkages, suggesting that the physical characteristics of common-pool resources are one driver of subsequent institutional linkages. We also found that the impacts from resource use leads to both conflict and cooperation between basin users that shapes institutional formation and subsequent institutional interactions. This points to user impacts as a second important driver of polycentric formation over time. A better understanding of the evolutionary process of polycentric formation can illuminate opportunities to develop more cooperative relationships that support sustainable groundwater management.

Evolutionary psychology had revolutionized the mate choice in past years and the framework of a cognitive orientation based on intelligence and social status had attracted a lot of attention. Therefore, this study follows the intersection between evolutionary principles, cognitive models, and theoretical insights that can link these researches on mate choice that is called emerging evolutionary epistemology in recent years. The research was a narrative review study and the literature was searched through Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Magiran, Science Direct and SID with the words "sexual attraction, spouse selection, attractiveness in evolutionary psychology, attractiveness in cognitive psychology", and the relevant citations were included in this study. Search engines have been used for the last 5 years (From 2016 onwards) and more than three hundred documents were reviewed and extracted according to the criteria. The results indicated that as much as in evolutionary psychology, physical attractiveness plays a role in choosing a spouse, personality, intelligence, decision making, cultural and social status of the spouse as cognitive factors also play important role in creating attractiveness. Accordingly, new models have been developed by combination of these two models at three levels (1) perceptual adaptation that records sexual signs with respect to sensory input, (2) judgmental adaptations that assess multiple signs in evaluation and (3) the search strategies that people pursue in trying to form a pair. Overall, more collaboration between personality psychologists, psychoanalysts, behavioral geneticists, and evolutionary psychology is needed to well understood the mate choice mechanisms.

Happiness, or life satisfaction, has become an important factor when considering what should be the objective of a society. Understanding the nature of happiness is thus important. The text offers a biological—specifically evolutionary—framework, which suggests that happiness can be described as the net impact of positive and negative feelings. It follows that a key issue is to explain what these feelings are about. The present situation and options for improving the score of happiness are discussed.

Building on Ellis et al.'s theorization for potent dimensions of environmental adversity, the present work sought to evaluate how environmental harshness and unpredictability might function directly and in interaction with child sensory processing sensitivity (SPS) to shape the development of child socioemotional functioning. Participants were 235 young children (Mage = 2.97 at the first measurement occasion) and their parents, who were followed for two consecutive annual measurement occasions. Child SPS was measured through behavioral observation across multiple tasks within the laboratory setting. Greater environmental unpredictability was significantly associated with the development of children's externalizing problems over a year only for children with high SPS. Follow-up analyses indicated that the unpredictability-x-SPS interaction was consistent with differential susceptibility, such that high SPS children showed greater increases in externalizing problems under high unpredictability, but also lower increases/greater decreases in externalizing problems under low unpredictability. Such association did not apply to children with low SPS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Commons (or common-pool resources) are inherently dynamic. Factors that appear to contribute to the evolution of a stable commons regime at one time and place may undergo change that results in the collapse of the commons at another. The factors involved can be very diverse. Economic, social, environmental and political conditions and various drivers may lead to commonisation, a process through which a resource is converted into a joint-use regime under commons institutions and collective action. Conversely, they may lead to decommonisation, a process through which a commons loses these essential characteristics. Evolution through commonisation may be manifested as adaptation or fine-tuning over time. They may instead result in the replacement of one kind of property rights regime by another, as in the enclosure movement in English history that resulted in the conversion of sheep grazing commons into privatized agricultural land. These processes of change can be viewed from an evolutionary perspective using the concepts of commonisation and decommonisation, and theorized as a two-way process over time, with implications for the sustainability of joint resources from local to global. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Definition: Happiness, or life satisfaction, has become an important factor when considering what should be the objective of a society. Understanding the nature of happiness is thus important. The text offers a biological—specifically evolutionary—framework, which suggests that happiness can be described as the net impact of positive and negative feelings. It follows that a key issue is to explain what these feelings are about. The present situation and options for improving the score of happiness are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The activation relationship refers to the emotional bond a child develops with a parent that helps ensure the regulation of risk-taking during child exploration of the surrounding environment. As a complement to Bowlby’s attachment theory, activation relationship theory provides a greater understanding of the impact of fathering on child development, focusing primarily on parental stimulation of risk-taking and control during child exploration. The overarching objective of this article is to better understand the association between children’s relationship quality with both parents, via the activation to father and the attachment to mother relationships, and child externalizing behaviors in a clinical sample. Fifty two-parent families (40 boys and 10 girls) were recruited at random from a population of children receiving treatment at the perinatal and early childhood psychiatry clinic. Results with 44 children (with complete cases) showed that overactivated preschoolers displayed more externalizing behaviors than did children with either an activated or an under-activated relationship with their father. Results also showed that children with a disorganized-controlling caregiving attachment to their mother marginally presented with higher levels of externalizing behavior.

This research used three experimental studies to examine the effect of scarcity information on choosing a hotel room online. The studies also investigated the moderating role of the buyer's childhood socioeconomic status (SES), using evolutionary perspectives and the life history theory. Our findings revealed that travelers showed a preference for a hotel room option if they were given information that the room was scarce. This preference was stronger for travelers who had low childhood SES and who were low in materialistic traits. The findings of this empirical research add academic value by adopting the roles of heretofore novel concepts, childhood SES and materialism, in understanding the effects of consumer information messaging. The findings also add to the understanding of how context in online websites substantially affects potential travelers' decision making. Therefore, this research will provide helpful guidance for making online websites more user-friendly and effective in their promotions to potential customers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The disruptive explosion of technology that has characterised these last decades has, erroneously, been considered in an early period as the main plan of interest for the studies of global phenomena, especially smart phenomena, while instead the exact opposite is true, because these phenomena represent projections of the new micro-urban phenomena that are seen in smart cities and in the corollaries related to smart urbanism. The most significant emblematic smart urban elements are able to highlight the transition towards new sociocultural paradigms at a global level, which constitute and represent the theoretical foundations of every current process of urban regeneration and renewal. Since the 1980s when the informatics revolution exploded, the magnitude of the revolutionary effects on, first, urban and second, global paradigms have been continuously determined by smart urbanism, as touched upon within the current analysis. It makes sense to reflect on the most relevant transition, in terms of urban planning implications, that has already characterised the course of history and which seems to be recurring in another form: the transition from a hunter-gatherer society to a farmer society by the use of advanced technologies. This transition is currently fully present, in which urban environments become smart cities and smart work becomes prey. Therefore, the citizens are moving away from hunters of traditional work and are increasingly becoming farmers of smart work. The current paper, based on theoretical reflections, reviews research in the field to highlight that there are conflicting views in smart city planning and analyses the concept of smart urbanism with historical comparisons, focusing on both positive and negative urban implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy security could be jointly maintained through the cooperation of different countries or regions. In this circumstance, there has been a large number of energy-related international investment studies. However, the existing academic literature lacks a systematic scientometric analysis of this research topic, so this paper will fill this gap. Using CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and HisCite, this paper analyzes 1014 articles published in the WoS SSCI Collection from January 1998 to March 2022 on the energy-related international investment. This paper comprehensively analyzes this field from four evolutionary dimensions. In the discipline and mainstream journals dimension, the largest change lies in the fact that more than three different disciplines flow into mathematics, while the journal “Environmental Science and Pollution Research” shows a dramatic growth in relevant publications after 2015. Keyword evolution shows a gradual deepening emphasis from attracting energy-related international investment to systematically analyzing the influencing mechanisms of the international investment-energy-environmental quality nexus. Citation clusters identifies two latest clusters, including institutional quality and renewable energy consumption. Citation paths summarize four major evolutionary paths. The overall evolution trend is based on the FDI-energy-environment nexus, and gradually considers the influence mechanism of different factors on this nexus.

Mixing and interference are respectively the nonlinear and the linear part of combining wave frequencies and it is proposed here that they, together with other processes of wave dynamics, should be considered a lot more in the study of information. From a perspective of physical information—and it is proposed here that basic information is physical—nonlinear mixing processes are important since they first allow the generation of novelty (new frequencies). Second, mixing as in modulation and heterodyning is interesting in that it gives a hint on how similarity and relatedness are represented in wave dynamics. Third, mixing and other processes enabled by nonlinear properties of wave carrying media in balance with the natural dispersive properties of waves can lead to the emergence of solitary waves and localized structures, both of which are genuine wave objects with particle-like properties and interesting behavior, interacting with the matter of their medium and possibly each other. The strongly technical language of the field is translated to arrive at a description as pictorial as the current state of trusted experimental observations allows, based on a thorough literature research.

Jealousy is defined as one of the most common automatic responses to endangering a relationship by a third party, and in evolutionary psychology it has the function of maximizing selfreproduction fitness, ensuring paternity security in men and maintaining partner, s resources in women. These include romantic jealousy, in men assuring certainty of paternity, and in women assuring the maintenance of partner, s resources. Thus, according to this logic, woman's sexual infidelity should be more threatening for men and man's emotional infidelity (emotional involvement with other women than a primary partner) should be more threatening for women. Many previous studies confirm the existence of sex differences in jealousy; men reporting higher level of sexual jealousy and women reporting higher level of emotional jealousy. On the contrary, studies of romantic jealousy in homosexual individuals show inconsistent results. Some studies suggest that the type of sexual and emotional jealousy does not depend on the sex of the individual who is jealous, but rather on the sex of the partner or the sex of the rival. Therefore, the aim of this review is to introduce romantic jealousy from an evolutionary perspective and to acquaint the reader with current knowledge of the study of cognitive, emotional and behavioral aspects of romantic jealousy in heterosexual and homosexual men and women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study investigates strategy formation in complex organizations by empirically tracking the evolution of strategic issues in hospitals. Given the utmost importance of successfully integrating strategic issues in the strategic agenda, this study focuses on how the structural and strategic contexts infuence strategic issues' evolution. A case study is conducted in a German hospital group. Five evolution paths of strategic issues are identified, and a model of their evolution is developed. Overall, this study heeds the call to more holistically depict how strategic issues evolve. By discussing the empirically elaborated constraints and supports in the evolution of strategic issues, a better understanding of strategy formation in complex organizations is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Virtual twins (VTs) are defined as same-age unrelated siblings raised together from early infancy. This special class of adoptive siblings replays the rearing situation of twins, absent genetic relatedness. The first such pair was identified and studied in 1990 at the University of Minnesota, leading to the creation of the Fullerton Virtual Twin Study (FVTS) at California State University, Fullerton (CSUF) the following year. The registry currently includes 169 VT pairs, mostly children, with new pairs identified on a regular basis. These sibling sets provide a direct estimate of environmental influences on developmental traits and, as such, offer informative comparisons with ordinary monozygotic and dizygotic twins, full siblings and adoptive brothers and sisters. The sample characteristics, assessment battery and findings to date are summarized in this 2019 update. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the spread of Toyota Production System (TPS) through Korea, by focusing on the experience of Hyundai Motor Company. Drawing upon data obtained from field research, this case study interprets the adoption of TPS from an evolutionary perspective, arguing that the emulation of TPS should not entail adopting TPS as Toyota developed it originally, but to develop one's own production model. Over the past 40 years, Hyundai has developed its own production model, Hyundai Production System (HPS), initially emulating TPS, followed by re-interpreting and modifying TPS to adapt to the company's unique circumstances. HPS is a mutated form of TPS. The Hyundai case reveals that the adoption of TPS involves a complex evolutionary process of organizational learning and interpretation. This case sheds light on the possibility of various paths toward lean production, and demonstrates that both external and internal factors combine to form a complicated causal chain, influencing the 'mutated' emulation of TPS and generating a certain pattern of path-dependence in the evolutionary trajectory of a particular production model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the outcomes and durations of strategic alliances among competing firms, using alliance outcomes as indicators of learning by partner firms. We show that alliance outcomes vary systematically across link and scale alliances. Link alliances are interfirm partnerships to which partners contribute different capabilities, while scale alliances are partnerships to which partners contribute similar capabilities. We find that partners are more likely to reorganize or take over link alliances than scale alliances. By contrast, scale alliances are more likely to continue without material changes. The two types of alliances are equally likely to shut down, at similar ages. These results support the view that link alliances lead to greater levels of learning and capability acquisition between the partners than do scale alliances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Modeling of organizational knowledge creation process is one of the key areas of research in knowledge management. The aim of this paper was to determine solutions for developing and improving evolutionary knowledge creation model based on the model validation results in real world. Materials and Methods: This study was an analytical and empirical research that was done by multi case study and simulation strategy. The committee was formed to collect information from various source of data including organizational documents and interview with senior managers about knowledge creation history for 5 years in Development and Planning Management department of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics and qualitative analysis. Also, the mathematical formulation was analyzed using simulation in Excel. Results: In most of analyzed knowledge creation cases, knowledge absorption from external source through changing managers or employing consultant following integration with exist knowledge was occurred. Also, simulation results show that, mathematical relations were not well defined and changing them makes results more acceptable. Conclusion: Knowledge grow in organization has occurred through three ways including planned knowledge creation based on managerial decisions, planned knowledge absorption based on managerial decisions, and random knowledge creation mechanism, and all of them have impact on essential knowledge contents.

Cross-border mergers and acquisitions (CBMAs) are an important mechanism of international investment and the configuration of global-local innovation networks. This study offers an evolutionary perspective to understand CBMAs sponsored by Chinese firms by focusing on the key actors and main changes at different stages: a primary stage with the target search process, an initial stage with light-touch integration, a fusing stage with emergence of new entities, and a mature stage with the reorganization of global-local innovation networks. The findings indicate that the innovation strategy of Chinese CBMAs corresponds with the structural integration and differentiation of innovation modes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]