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To estimate the effect of neighborhood-level modification on the efficacy of the MyPEEPS Mobile intervention on the reduction of condomless anal sex acts among same-sex attracted adolescent men. A series of generalized linear mixed model was used to examine if the effect of the MyPEEPS Mobile intervention on condomless anal sex acts was moderated by neighborhood-level factors using data from the 2019 American Community Survey US Census Bureau. The magnitudes of intervention were significantly smaller at both 6- and 9-month follow-up among adolescents living in neighborhood with high proportions of Hispanic or Latino residents (IRR6M = 1.02, 95 % CI: 1.01, 1.02; IRR9M = 1.03, 95 % CI: 1.01, 1.05) and high proportions of families with income below the poverty level (IRR6M = 1.07, 95 % CI: 1.01, 1.12; IRR9M = 1.05, 95 % CI: 1.01, 1.10), which indicated that living in communities with a higher concentration of residents living under poverty or of Hispanic/and Latino ethnicity significantly modified the effective of program intervention on condomless sex among adolescent MSM. Understanding how neighborhood characteristics modify the effect of HIV prevention interventions may be useful in better targeting delivery and tailoring content of interventions based on neighborhood level characteristics such as the ones identified in this study.

Introduction: The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME), a U.S. nonprofit organization setting educational standards for safe and high-quality medical care, recently expanded its requirements for resident well-being, emphasizing self-care. However, little research exists on this topic. This study aimed to assess the types and frequency of mindful self-care behaviors, defined as intentional practices that promote awareness of internal needs and external demands. It also examined the relationship between self-care, well-being, burnout, distress, and depression, and whether self-care can protect residents from depression linked to burnout and distress. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with medical residents at a Northeastern U.S. medical school over three months. Residents in their first four years of surgical and non-surgical specialties received an email with a survey link and informed consent. Mindful self-care was assessed using the Mindful Self-Care Scale (MSCS), distress with the Physician Well-Being Index (PWBI), depression with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and wellness with the Brief Resident Wellness Profile (BRWP). Data were analyzed using SPSS, with moderation analyses performed to explore self-care’s role in mitigating depression linked to distress. Results: A total of 104 residents participated (15.95% response rate). Self-care positively correlated with resident well-being (r = .62, p < .0001) and negatively correlated with resident distress (r = -.50, p < .0001) and resident depression (r = -.56, p < .0001). Burned-out residents had significantly less self-care than those not burned out (F (1,97) = 15.69, p < .0001). Moderation analyses evidenced that mindful self-care is protective for residents against developing depression related to burnout and distress. Discussion: This research shows that resident self-care is strongly linked to well-being and is associated with lower distress, depression, and burnout. It highlights that self-care can protect against poor health outcomes during residency and emphasizes that self-care can involve changing one’s approach rather than requiring additional resources like time or money.

Background: Feeding difficulties and subsequent malnutrition are common in children with cerebral palsy (CP).Objectives: A study was undertaken to determine the current practices and challenges of South African registered dietitians (SA RD) regarding the nutritional management of children with CP, to compare these practices with international guidelines and to compare the practices of private- and public-sector dietitians.Design: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study with an analytical component.Subjects and outcome measures: The SA RDs completed an online questionnaire, which was developed according to the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) guidelines. Participant answers were scored to assess their management of children with CP.Results: Of the 87 SA RDs who participated, 78 had work experience in CP (40 public and 38 private sector). Over two-thirds (n = 62/87, 71.2%) received training on the management of CP at university, albeit inadequate (n = 42/62, 67.7%). Common challenges that affect RDs’ management are poor caregiver compliance (n = 72; 92.2%) and poor networking between healthcare professionals (HCPs) (n = 60; 77.0%). The SA RD (n = 78) management of children with CP was significantly different from the ESPGHAN guidelines (p

Dans les zones urbanisées, les rivières et les écosystèmes riverains sont souvent les seuls corridors écologiques disponibles pour le déplacement de la faune. Cependant, les berges y sont souvent stabilisées par des ouvrages de génie civil, ce qui peut entraîner une dégradation de l'habitat et une perte de connectivité de ces habitats à l'échelle du paysage. Les ouvrages de génie végétal sont une alternative aux enrochements, car ils maintiennent la qualité des écosystèmes naturels en utilisant des espèces végétales indigènes au lieu de rochers, mais leur impact positif potentiel sur les mouvements d’animaux associés aux écosystèmes riverains reste mal connu. Avec le projet GéniTrame, nous avons conçu une méthode permettant aux gestionnaires de rivières d’évaluer le gain de connectivité possible grâce au génie végétal. Nous avons appliqué la méthode des graphes paysagers et le concept de quantité d'habitat atteignable afin d'évaluer la connectivité de l'habitat de quatre espèces de vertébrés cibles présentant une large gamme de capacités de dispersion et testé différents scénarios contrastés de gestion d'ouvrages le long des berges. Nous avons montré que la restauration de petites portions de berges bien choisies au moyen d’ouvrages de génie végétal pouvait conduire à des gains significatifs de connectivité pour certaines espèces (castor, crapaud commun) mais à aucun gain pour d’autres (chevalier guignette, couleuvre à collier). La méthode employée pourra aider les gestionnaires de rivières soucieux d'intégrer la dimension de la connectivité paysagère dans les travaux de restauration de berges.

Connue comme une méthode de revégétalisation ancestrale, le bouturage s'impose encore aujourd’hui comme la technique la plus simple et économique pour le contrôle de l’érosion en rivière. Cet article vise à synthétiser les potentialités de l'utilisation du bouturage en tant que technique d’aménagement et de protection des berges, en présentant les espèces végétales à privilégier ainsi que les recommandations et spécifications techniques à appliquer pour assurer leur succès.

To estimate the effect of neighborhood-level modification on the efficacy of the MyPEEPS Mobile intervention on the reduction of condomless anal sex acts among same-sex attracted adolescent men.A series of generalized linear mixed model was used to examine if the effect of the MyPEEPS Mobile intervention on condomless anal sex acts was moderated by neighborhood-level factors using data from the 2019 American Community Survey US Census Bureau. “The magnitudes of intervention were significantly smaller at both 6- and 9-month follow-up among adolescents living in neighborhood with high proportions of Hispanic or Latino residents (IRR6M = 1.02, 95 % CI: 1.01, 1.02; IRR9M = 1.03, 95 % CI: 1.01, 1.05) and high proportions of families with income below the poverty level (IRR6M = 1.07, 95 % CI: 1.01, 1.12; IRR9M = 1.05, 95 % CI: 1.01, 1.10), which indicated that living in communities with a higher concentration of residents living under poverty or of Hispanic/and Latino ethnicity significantly modified the effective of program intervention on condomless sex among adolescent MSM. Understanding how neighborhood characteristics modify the effect of HIV prevention interventions may be useful in better targeting delivery and tailoring content of interventions based on neighborhood level characteristics such as the ones identified in this study.

Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) is an important regulator of extracellular matrix turnover that has been traditionally regarded as a potential tumor suppressor owing to its inhibitory effects of matrix metalloproteinases. Intriguingly, this interpretation has been challenged by the consistent observation that increased expression of TIMP-1 is associated with poor prognosis in virtually all cancer types including lung cancer, supporting a tumor-promoting function. However, how TIMP-1 is dysregulated within the tumor microenvironment and how it drives tumor progression in lung cancer is poorly understood. We analyzed the expression of TIMP-1 and its cell surface receptor CD63 in two major lung cancer subtypes: lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and defined the tumor-promoting effects of their interaction. We found that TIMP-1 is aberrantly overexpressed in tumor-associated fibroblasts (TAFs) in ADC compared to SCC. Mechanistically, TIMP-1 overexpression was mediated by the selective hyperactivity of the pro-fibrotic TGF-β1/SMAD3 pathway in ADC-TAFs. Likewise, CD63 was upregulated in ADC compared to SCC cells. Genetic analyses revealed that TIMP-1 secreted by TGF-β1-activated ADC-TAFs is both necessary and sufficient to enhance growth and invasion of ADC cancer cells in culture, and that tumor cell expression of CD63 was required for these effects. Consistently, in vivo analyses revealed that ADC cells co-injected with fibroblasts with reduced SMAD3 or TIMP-1 expression into immunocompromised mice attenuated tumor aggressiveness compared to tumors bearing parental fibroblasts. We also found that high TIMP1 and CD63 mRNA levels combined define a stronger prognostic biomarker than TIMP1 alone. Our results identify an excessive stromal TIMP-1 within the tumor microenvironment selectively in lung ADC, and implicate it in a novel tumor-promoting TAF-carcinoma crosstalk, thereby pointing to TIMP-1/CD63 interaction as a novel therapeutic target in lung cancer.

Professional literature presents evidence that foster care agencies, foster parents, and educators are unprepared to meet the distinctive educational needs of foster youth. Although there is a general lack of evidence on specific interventions developed for foster youth, some studies have addressed the impact of tutoring. This paper studies the impact of a pilot program that paired 15 teacher candidates with 15 foster youth for virtual reading tutoring as part of a college course. Data were collected from youth, parents, and teacher candidates through surveys and focus groups. The results of this study suggested that the tutoring relationship produced several academic and emotional benefits for both foster youth and tutors. Participants all saw evidence of increases in the tutees' skill level and content knowledge, and tutors overwhelmingly reported feelings of fulfillment. The establishment of a strong, supportive relationship between tutor and tutee was also seen as a primary factor in success. Finally, the study presented evidence that diverse instructional resources and methods are important for youth engagement and that tutors need in-depth, thorough training on how to locate and properly use these types of resources. Suggestions for future research are proposed.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are significant drivers of many diseases, including cancer, and are established targets for drug development. Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are endogenous MMP inhibitors and are being pursued for the development of anti-MMP therapeutics. TIMPs possess many attractive properties for drug candidates, such as complete MMP inhibition, low toxicity, low immunogenicity, and high tissue permeability. However, a major challenge with TIMPs is their rapid clearance from the bloodstream due to their small size. This study explores a method for extending the plasma half-life of the N-terminal domain of TIMP2 (N-TIMP2) by appending it with a long, intrinsically unfolded tail containing Pro, Ala, and Thr (PATylation). We designed and produced two PATylated N-TIMP2 constructs with tail lengths of 100 and 200 amino acids (N-TIMP2-PAT100 and N-TIMP2-PAT200). Both constructs demonstrated higher apparent molecular weights and retained high inhibitory activity against MMP-9. N-TIMP2-PAT200 significantly increased plasma half-life in mice compared to the non-PATylated variant, enhancing its therapeutic potential. PATylation offers distinct advantages for half-life extension, such as fully genetic encoding, monodispersion, and biodegradability. It can be easily applied to N-TIMP2 variants engineered for high affinity and selectivity toward individual MMPs, creating promising candidates for drug development against MMP-related diseases.

Background: Researchers have established that the preterm neonate is born with an immature gastrointestinal tract. The preterm neonate is thus susceptible to various complications often seen in the neonatal intensive care unit, e.g., feeding intolerances, necrotizing enterocolitis, and hospital-acquired bloodstream infections. These complications can be life-threatening, and if survived, can have an unfavorable effect on the neonate’s growth and development. Aim: The aims of this narrative review article were to provide an in-depth understanding of the various factors contributing to the development of the preterm neonatal microbiome. Further, we reviewed gastrointestinal microbiome dysbiosis and its potential role in the development of feeding intolerances, necrotizing enterocolitis, and hospital-acquired bloodstream infections. Lastly, we described the potential role of probiotics in this vulnerable population. Methods: A PubMed database search was conducted identifying articles that describe the development and function of the neonatal microbiome, the role of gastrointestinal dysbiosis, and the development of neonatal complications as well as the role of probiotics in gastrointestinal dysbiosis. Results: Various maternal, neonatal, and environmental factors play a role in the development of gastrointestinal dysbiosis in the preterm neonate. This can lead to feeding intolerances, necrotizing enterocolitis, and hospital-acquired bloodstream infections. Discussion: The pathogenesis of the development of short-term complications in the preterm neonate can be linked to the immaturity of the host immune system as well as alterations seen in the intestinal microbiome. There is a growing body of evidence that probiotics can play a role in preventing dysbiosis and thus complications observed in the preterm neonate. However, the optimal combination of probiotic strains and dosage still needs to be identified.

COVID-19 is a devastating respiratory and inflammatory illness caused by a new coronavirus that is rapidly spreading throughout the human population. Over the past 12 months, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for COVID-19, has already infected over 160 million (>20% located in United States) and killed more than 3.3 million people around the world (>20% deaths in USA). As we face one of the most challenging times in our recent history, there is an urgent need to identify drug candidates that can attack SARS-CoV-2 on multiple fronts. We have therefore initiated a computational dynamics drug pipeline using molecular modeling, structure simulation, docking and machine learning models to predict the inhibitory activity of several million compounds against two essential SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins and their host protein interactors-S/Ace2, Tmprss2, Cathepsins L and K, and Mpro-to prevent binding, membrane fusion and replication of the virus, respectively. All together, we generated an ensemble of structural conformations that increase high-quality docking outcomes to screen over >6 million compounds including all FDA-approved drugs, drugs under clinical trial (>3000) and an additional >30 million selected chemotypes from fragment libraries. Our results yielded an initial set of 350 high-value compounds from both new and FDA-approved compounds that can now be tested experimentally in appropriate biological model systems. We anticipate that our results will initiate screening campaigns and accelerate the discovery of COVID-19 treatments.

Représentant près d'un quart des ouvrages de génie végétal pour le contrôle de l'érosion en rivière en France, les fascines de ligneux sont une méthode privilégiée pour la stabilisation. Ces techniques ont une origine ancestrale et sont mises en œuvre de manière variée de nos jours, en fonction des objectifs spécifiques et des contextes. Que ce soit pour la diversification des habitats, le drainage, ou encore la protection des talus et des berges, le fascinage offre une grande flexibilité d'application.

This article shares development of a mentor teacher training program to support teacher candidates in their student teaching internship. The mentor teacher training program includes three parts: (a) online training on internship processes and procedures, co-teaching, and a department developed Framework for Extended Oral and Written Feedback, (b) face-to-face orientation session to clarify co-teaching and feedback framework, and (c) co-observation of intern candidates by faculty supervisor and mentor teacher. The goal of the mentor teacher training program is to orient mentor teachers to the internship and to train them in providing high quality, actionable feedback that leads the teacher candidate to improved practice.

Objectives The Bronchiolitis Endotracheal Surfactant Study (BESS) is a randomised controlled trial to determine the efficacy of endo-tracheal surfactant therapy for critically ill infants with bronchiolitis. To explore acceptability of BESS, including approach to consent within a limited time frame, we explored parent and staff experiences of trial involvement in the first two bronchiolitis seasons to inform subsequent trial conduct.Design A mixed-method embedded study involving a site staff survey, questionnaires and interviews with parents approached about BESS.Setting Fourteen UK paediatric intensive care units.Participants Of the 179 parents of children approached to take part in BESS, 75 parents (of 69 children) took part in the embedded study. Of these, 55/69 (78%) completed a questionnaire, and 15/69 (21%) were interviewed. Thirty-eight staff completed a questionnaire.Results Parents and staff found the trial acceptable. All constructs of the Adapted Theoretical Framework of Acceptability were met. Parents viewed surfactant as being low risk and hoped their child’s participation would help others in the future. Although parents supported research without prior consent in studies of time critical interventions, they believed there was sufficient time to consider this trial. Parents recommended that prospective informed consent should continue to be sought for BESS. Many felt that the time between the consent process and intervention being administered took too long and should be ‘streamlined’ to avoid delays in administration of trial interventions. Staff described how the training and trial processes worked well, yet patients were missed due to lack of staff to deliver the intervention, particularly at weekends.Conclusion Parents and staff supported BESS trial and highlighted aspects of the protocol, which should be refined, including a streamlined informed consent process. Findings will be useful to inform proportionate approaches to consent in future paediatric trials where there is a short timeframe for consent discussions.Trial registration number ISRCTN11746266.

BackgroundArthropods comprise the largest and most diverse phylum on Earth and play vital roles in nearly every ecosystem. Their diversity stems in part from variations on a conserved body plan, resulting from and recorded in adaptive changes in the genome. Dissection of the genomic record of sequence change enables broad questions regarding genome evolution to be addressed, even across hyper-diverse taxa within arthropods.ResultsUsing 76 whole genome sequences representing 21 orders spanning more than 500 million years of arthropod evolution, we document changes in gene and protein domain content and provide temporal and phylogenetic context for interpreting these innovations. We identify many novel gene families that arose early in the evolution of arthropods and during the diversification of insects into modern orders. We reveal unexpected variation in patterns of DNA methylation across arthropods and examples of gene family and protein domain evolution coincident with the appearance of notable phenotypic and physiological adaptations such as flight, metamorphosis, sociality, and chemoperception.ConclusionsThese analyses demonstrate how large-scale comparative genomics can provide broad new insights into the genotype to phenotype map and generate testable hypotheses about the evolution of animal diversity.

Aim:Hospital acquired bloodstream infection (HA-BSI) is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in preterm, very low birthweight infants, especially in low-to-middle- income countries.Materials and Methods:We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial to investigate the effect of a multi-strain probiotic formulation (LabinicTM) on the incidence and severity of HA-BSI in preterm neonates.Results:Two hundred neonates (100 per arm) were included in this trial. Fifteen neonates developed HA-BSI events (2 in the probiotic arm and 13 in the placebo arm). The median day of life at HA-BSI onset for the probiotic group was 10.5±3.5, and for the placebo group, it was 11.2±6.4. The incidence of HA-BSI in neonates receiving the probiotic was significantly lower compared to those receiving the placebo [0.93 versus 5.99 HA-BSI events/1,000 neonate-days; incidence rate ratio (IRR) of 0.156 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.017 to 0.691], p=0.0046]. Calculating the incidence rate of the combined outcome (sepsis/death) was also lower in the probiotic group versus the placebo group [2.34 versus 6.45 events/1,000 neonate days; IRR 0.33 (95% CI: 0.11 to 0.97), p=0.043].Conclusion:The use of a multi-strain probiotic significantly reduced HA-BSI incidence in this cohort of preterm neonates.

Abstract Objectives Microtia and aural atresia are congenital ear anomalies with a wide‐ranging spectrum of phenotypes and varied functional and psychosocial consequences for patients. This study seeks to analyze the management of microtia‐atresia patients at our center over a 20‐year period and to propose recommendations for advancing microtia‐atresia care at a national level. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of data from patients presenting to the Massachusetts Eye and Ear (Boston, MA) for initial otolaryngology consultation for congenital microtia and/or aural atresia between 1999 and 2018. Results Over the 20‐year study period, 229 patients presented to our microtia‐atresia center at a median age of 7 years. The severity of microtia was most commonly classified as grade III (n = 87, 38%), 61% (n = 140) of patients had complete atresia, the median Jahrsdoerfer grading scale score was 6 (range 0–10), and 81 patients (35%) underwent surgery for microtia repair. For hearing rehabilitation, 30 patients (64%) underwent bone conduction device implantation and 17 patients (36%) underwent atresiaplasty. The implementation of an interdisciplinary, longitudinal care model resulted in an increase in patient (r = 0.819, p

The study of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) and the engineering of protein-based inhibitors often employ two distinct strategies. One approach leverages the power of combinatorial libraries, displaying large ensembles of mutant proteins, for example, on the yeast cell surface, to select binders. Another approach harnesses computational modeling, sifting through an astronomically large number of protein sequences and attempting to predict the impact of mutations on PPI binding energy. Individually, each approach has inherent limitations, but when combined, they generate superior outcomes across diverse protein engineering endeavors. This synergistic integration of approaches aids in identifying novel binders and inhibitors, fine-tuning specificity and affinity for known binding partners, and detailed mapping of binding epitopes. It can also provide insight into the specificity profiles of varied PPIs. Here, we outline strategies for directing the evolution of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), which act as natural inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). We highlight examples wherein design of combinatorial TIMP libraries using structural and computational insights and screening these libraries of variants using yeast surface display (YSD), has successfully optimized for MMP binding and selectivity, and conferred insight into the PPIs involved.

Le génie végétal est une technique qui se base sur l’utilisation de végétaux vivants et de leurs propriétés mécaniques ou biologiques pour assurer certaines fonctionnalités. En ville, il peut être utilisé comme une alternative au génie civil pour la stabilisation des berges, la protection contre les inondations et le contrôle de l'érosion. Bien que fournissant de nombreux bénéfices écologiques et sociaux, son utilisation reste encore marginale dans l’aménagement des berges, de surcroît en zone urbaine. Dans cet article, nous questionnons les freins et les leviers pour une utilisation plus large du génie végétal en ville, en nous focalisant sur les perceptions qu’en ont les praticiens (recueillies à travers des entretiens semi-directifs), et les usagers (recueillies à travers une enquête par photo-questionnaire), en relation avec les services écosystémiques rendus par le génie végétal. Nos résultats montrent que selon les praticiens, plus qu’un changement technique, le recours au génie végétal nécessite un changement de paradigme de gestion, à travers une redéfinition de la performance, une meilleure acceptation et partage du risque et un changement de posture professionnelle. Les usagers, quant à eux, accueillent plutôt positivement ces techniques, notamment du fait de leur valeur esthétique, mais expriment tout de même certaines réticences liées à la valeur récréative des berges et au sentiment de vulnérabilité en cas de crue. Le premier type de réticence peut être en partie levé en ménageant, au moment de l’installation des ouvrages, des accès physiques et visuels au cours d’eau ainsi qu’en instaurant un entretien régulier de la végétation. Le second suppose de poursuivre les travaux sur les risques liés à la déstabilisation de ces ouvrages, tant sur le plan physique que sur le plan de son acceptation sociale.

Au Québec, l’intérêt pour le génie végétal (i.e. l’utilisation de végétaux vivants pour lutter contre l’érosion) sur les berges de cours d’eau est croissant, malgré les contraintes particulières comme la glace, une forte présence du batillage ou les argiles sensibles. Cet article vise à identifier les freins et les leviers pour une plus grande utilisation du génie végétal au Québec, en se basant sur un atelier qui a réuni en octobre 2022 une trentaine d’intervenants du domaine. Quatre types de freins ont été identifiés : ceux liés 1) à la gouvernance institutionnelle et à la réglementation (par exemple, la complexité de certains règlements et leurs changements constants) ; 2) à la perception et à l’acceptabilité des ouvrages (ainsi, leur mise en place remet en cause certains usages et le droit de propriété) ; 3) à la gestion d’un projet et à sa temporalité (par exemple, la conciliation des calendriers liés à la faune piscicole et à la période de croissance des boutures) ; et enfin, 4) au manque de connaissances et de formation (comme l’illustre par exemple le cloisonnement entre les connaissances en écologie et en génie). Si des leviers ont été identifiés pour chacun de ces freins, des leviers plus globaux ont également été ciblés, comme le développement d’une communauté de praticiens fédérant un collectif motivé, ou encore l’écriture d’un guide technique et réglementaire qui pourrait servir de référence de base pour la diffusion de ces techniques.

BackgroundPeople living with HIV have long life expectancy and are experiencing more comorbid conditions, being at an increased risk for developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes, further exacerbated due to the HIV or inflammatory process. One effective intervention shown to decrease mortality and improve health outcomes related to CVD and diabetes in people living with HIV is increased regular physical activity. However, people living with HIV often fall short of the daily recommended physical activity levels. While studies show that mobile health (mHealth) can potentially help improve people’s daily activity levels and reduce mortality rates due to comorbid conditions, these studies do not specifically focus on people living with HIV. As such, it is essential to understand how mHealth interventions, such as wearables, can improve the physical activity of people living with HIV. ObjectiveThis study aimed to understand participants’ experiences wearing a fitness tracker and an app to improve their physical activity. MethodsIn total, 6 focus groups were conducted with participants who completed the control arm of a 6-month randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03205982). The control arm received daily walk step reminders to walk at least 5000 steps per day and focused on the overall wellness of the individual. The analysis of the qualitative focus groups used inductive content analysis using the theory of planned behavior as a framework to guide and organize the analysis. ResultsIn total, 41 people living with HIV participated in the focus groups. The majority (n=26, 63%) of participants reported their race as Black or African American, and 32% (n=13) of them identified their ethnicity as Hispanic or Latino. In total, 9 major themes were identified and organized following the theory of planned behavior constructs. Overall, 2 major themes (positive attitude toward tracking steps and tracking steps is motivating) related to attitudes toward the behavior, 2 major themes (social support or motivation from the fitness tracker and app and encouragement from family and friends) related to participant’s subjective norms, 1 theme (you can adjust your daily habits with time) related to perceived behavioral control, 2 themes (reach their step goal and have a healthier lifestyle) related to participant’s intention, and 2 themes (continuing to walk actively and regularly wearing the fitness tracker) related to participant’s changed behavior. Participants highlighted how the mHealth interface with the avatar and daily step tracking motivated them to both begin and continue to engage in physical activity by adjusting their daily routines. ConclusionsFindings from this study illustrate how features of mHealth apps may motivate people living with HIV to start and continue sustained engagement in physical activities. This sustained increase in physical activity is crucial for reducing the risk of comorbid conditions such as diabetes or CVD. Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT03205982; https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03205982

This article documents the results of a meta-analysis of available correlational validity evidence for the Social Skills Improvement System Performance Screening Guide (SSIS-PSG), which is a brief teacher-completed rating scale designed to be used as part of universal screening procedures. Article inclusion criteria included (a) published in English in a peer-reviewed journal, (b) administration of the PSG, and (c) provided validity evidence representative of the relationship between PSG scores and scores on related variables. Ten studies yielding 147 correlation coefficients met criteria for inclusion. Data were extracted following established procedures in validity generalization and meta-analytic research. Extracted coefficients were of the expected direction and magnitude with theoretically aligned constructs, thereby providing evidence of convergent validity (e.g., PSG Math and Reading items were most strongly correlated with academic performance and academic behavior variables, with effect sizes ranging from 0.708 to 0.740; PSG Prosocial Behavior and Motivation to Learn items were most strongly correlated with broadband externalizing/internalizing problems, with effect sizes ranging from -0.706 to -0.717), although Prosocial Behavior and Motivation to Learn were not as effective at discriminating among divergent constructs. These results generally support the utility of the PSG in correlating with academic and social/behavioral outcomes in the schools.