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1. The Robotic Multi-Object Focal Plane System of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI)

Author

Silber, Joseph Harry, Fagrelius, Parker, Fanning, Kevin, Schubnell, Michael, Aguilar, Jessica Nicole, Ahlen, Steven, Ameel, Jon, Ballester, Otger, Baltay, Charles, Bebek, Chris, Beard, Dominic Benton, Besuner, Robert, Cardiel-Sas, Laia, Casas, Ricard, Castander, Francisco Javier, Claybaugh, Todd, Dobson, Carl, Duan, Yutong, Dunlop, Patrick, Edelstein, Jerry, Emmet, William T., Elliott, Ann, Evatt, Matthew, Gershkovich, Irena, Guy, Julien, Harris, Stu, Heetderks, Henry, Heetderks, Ian, Honscheid, Klaus, Illa, Jose Maria, Jelinsky, Patrick, Jelinsky, Sharon R., Jimenez, Jorge, Karcher, Armin, Kent, Stephen, Kirkby, David, Kneib, Jean-Paul, Lambert, Andrew, Lampton, Mike, Leitner, Daniela, Levi, Michael, McCauley, Jeremy, Meisner, Aaron, Miller, Timothy N., Miquel, Ramon, Mundet, Juliá, Poppett, Claire, Rabinowitz, David, Reil, Kevin, Roman, David, Schlegel, David, Serrano, Santiago, Van Shourt, William, Sprayberry, David, Tarlé, Gregory, Tie, Suk Sien, Weaverdyck, Curtis, Zhang, Kai, Azzaro, Marco, Bailey, Stephen, Becerril, Santiago, Blackwell, Tami, Bouri, Mohamed, Brooks, David, Buckley-Geer, Elizabeth, Castro, Jose Peñate, Derwent, Mark, Dey, Arjun, Dhungana, Govinda, Doel, Peter, Eisenstein, Daniel J., Fahim, Nasib, Garcia-Bellido, Juan, Gaztañaga, Enrique, Gontcho, Satya Gontcho A, Gutierrez, Gaston, Hörler, Philipp, Kehoe, Robert, Kisner, Theodore, Kremin, Anthony, Kronig, Luzius, Landriau, Martin, Guillou, Laurent Le, Martini, Paul, Moustakas, John, Palanque-Delabrouille, Nathalie, Peng, Xiyan, Percival, Will, Prada, Francisco, Prieto, Carlos Allende, de Rivera, Guillermo Gonzalez, Sanchez, Eusebio, Sanchez, Justo, Sharples, Ray, Soares-Santos, Marcelle, Schlafly, Edward, Weaver, Benjamin Alan, Zhou, Zhimin, Zhu, Yaling, and Zou, Hu

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

A system of 5,020 robotic fiber positioners was installed in 2019 on the Mayall Telescope, at Kitt Peak National Observatory. The robots automatically re-target their optical fibers every 10 - 20 minutes, each to a precision of several microns, with a reconfiguration time less than 2 minutes. Over the next five years, they will enable the newly-constructed Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) to measure the spectra of 35 million galaxies and quasars. DESI will produce the largest 3D map of the universe to date and measure the expansion history of the cosmos. In addition to the 5,020 robotic positioners and optical fibers, DESI's Focal Plane System includes 6 guide cameras, 4 wavefront cameras, 123 fiducial point sources, and a metrology camera mounted at the primary mirror. The system also includes associated structural, thermal, and electrical systems. In all, it contains over 675,000 individual parts. We discuss the design, construction, quality control, and integration of all these components. We include a summary of the key requirements, the review and acceptance process, on-sky validations of requirements, and lessons learned for future multi-object, fiber-fed spectrographs., Comment: 51 pages, 41 figures

Published
2022
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2. The DESI Experiment Part I: Science,Targeting, and Survey Design

Author

DESI Collaboration, Aghamousa, Amir, Aguilar, Jessica, Ahlen, Steve, Alam, Shadab, Allen, Lori E., Prieto, Carlos Allende, Annis, James, Bailey, Stephen, Balland, Christophe, Ballester, Otger, Baltay, Charles, Beaufore, Lucas, Bebek, Chris, Beers, Timothy C., Bell, Eric F., Bernal, José Luis, Besuner, Robert, Beutler, Florian, Blake, Chris, Bleuler, Hannes, Blomqvist, Michael, Blum, Robert, Bolton, Adam S., Briceno, Cesar, Brooks, David, Brownstein, Joel R., Buckley-Geer, Elizabeth, Burden, Angela, Burtin, Etienne, Busca, Nicolas G., Cahn, Robert N., Cai, Yan-Chuan, Cardiel-Sas, Laia, Carlberg, Raymond G., Carton, Pierre-Henri, Casas, Ricard, Castander, Francisco J., Cervantes-Cota, Jorge L., Claybaugh, Todd M., Close, Madeline, Coker, Carl T., Cole, Shaun, Comparat, Johan, Cooper, Andrew P., Cousinou, M. -C., Crocce, Martin, Cuby, Jean-Gabriel, Cunningham, Daniel P., Davis, Tamara M., Dawson, Kyle S., de la Macorra, Axel, De Vicente, Juan, Delubac, Timothée, Derwent, Mark, Dey, Arjun, Dhungana, Govinda, Ding, Zhejie, Doel, Peter, Duan, Yutong T., Ealet, Anne, Edelstein, Jerry, Eftekharzadeh, Sarah, Eisenstein, Daniel J., Elliott, Ann, Escoffier, Stéphanie, Evatt, Matthew, Fagrelius, Parker, Fan, Xiaohui, Fanning, Kevin, Farahi, Arya, Farihi, Jay, Favole, Ginevra, Feng, Yu, Fernandez, Enrique, Findlay, Joseph R., Finkbeiner, Douglas P., Fitzpatrick, Michael J., Flaugher, Brenna, Flender, Samuel, Font-Ribera, Andreu, Forero-Romero, Jaime E., Fosalba, Pablo, Frenk, Carlos S., Fumagalli, Michele, Gaensicke, Boris T., Gallo, Giuseppe, Garcia-Bellido, Juan, Gaztanaga, Enrique, Fusillo, Nicola Pietro Gentile, Gerard, Terry, Gershkovich, Irena, Giannantonio, Tommaso, Gillet, Denis, Gonzalez-de-Rivera, Guillermo, Gonzalez-Perez, Violeta, Gott, Shelby, Graur, Or, Gutierrez, Gaston, Guy, Julien, Habib, Salman, Heetderks, Henry, Heetderks, Ian, Heitmann, Katrin, Hellwing, Wojciech A., Herrera, David A., Ho, Shirley, Holland, Stephen, Honscheid, Klaus, Huff, Eric, Hutchinson, Timothy A., Huterer, Dragan, Hwang, Ho Seong, Laguna, Joseph Maria Illa, Ishikawa, Yuzo, Jacobs, Dianna, Jeffrey, Niall, Jelinsky, Patrick, Jennings, Elise, Jiang, Linhua, Jimenez, Jorge, Johnson, Jennifer, Joyce, Richard, Jullo, Eric, Juneau, Stéphanie, Kama, Sami, Karcher, Armin, Karkar, Sonia, Kehoe, Robert, Kennamer, Noble, Kent, Stephen, Kilbinger, Martin, Kim, Alex G., Kirkby, David, Kisner, Theodore, Kitanidis, Ellie, Kneib, Jean-Paul, Koposov, Sergey, Kovacs, Eve, Koyama, Kazuya, Kremin, Anthony, Kron, Richard, Kronig, Luzius, Kueter-Young, Andrea, Lacey, Cedric G., Lafever, Robin, Lahav, Ofer, Lambert, Andrew, Lampton, Michael, Landriau, Martin, Lang, Dustin, Lauer, Tod R., Goff, Jean-Marc Le, Guillou, Laurent Le, Van Suu, Auguste Le, Lee, Jae Hyeon, Lee, Su-Jeong, Leitner, Daniela, Lesser, Michael, Levi, Michael E., L'Huillier, Benjamin, Li, Baojiu, Liang, Ming, Lin, Huan, Linder, Eric, Loebman, Sarah R., Lukić, Zarija, Ma, Jun, MacCrann, Niall, Magneville, Christophe, Makarem, Laleh, Manera, Marc, Manser, Christopher J., Marshall, Robert, Martini, Paul, Massey, Richard, Matheson, Thomas, McCauley, Jeremy, McDonald, Patrick, McGreer, Ian D., Meisner, Aaron, Metcalfe, Nigel, Miller, Timothy N., Miquel, Ramon, Moustakas, John, Myers, Adam, Naik, Milind, Newman, Jeffrey A., Nichol, Robert C., Nicola, Andrina, da Costa, Luiz Nicolati, Nie, Jundan, Niz, Gustavo, Norberg, Peder, Nord, Brian, Norman, Dara, Nugent, Peter, O'Brien, Thomas, Oh, Minji, Olsen, Knut A. G., Padilla, Cristobal, Padmanabhan, Hamsa, Padmanabhan, Nikhil, Palanque-Delabrouille, Nathalie, Palmese, Antonella, Pappalardo, Daniel, Pâris, Isabelle, Park, Changbom, Patej, Anna, Peacock, John A., Peiris, Hiranya V., Peng, Xiyan, Percival, Will J., Perruchot, Sandrine, Pieri, Matthew M., Pogge, Richard, Pollack, Jennifer E., Poppett, Claire, Prada, Francisco, Prakash, Abhishek, Probst, Ronald G., Rabinowitz, David, Raichoor, Anand, Ree, Chang Hee, Refregier, Alexandre, Regal, Xavier, Reid, Beth, Reil, Kevin, Rezaie, Mehdi, Rockosi, Constance M., Roe, Natalie, Ronayette, Samuel, Roodman, Aaron, Ross, Ashley J., Ross, Nicholas P., Rossi, Graziano, Rozo, Eduardo, Ruhlmann-Kleider, Vanina, Rykoff, Eli S., Sabiu, Cristiano, Samushia, Lado, Sanchez, Eusebio, Sanchez, Javier, Schlegel, David J., Schneider, Michael, Schubnell, Michael, Secroun, Aurélia, Seljak, Uros, Seo, Hee-Jong, Serrano, Santiago, Shafieloo, Arman, Shan, Huanyuan, Sharples, Ray, Sholl, Michael J., Shourt, William V., Silber, Joseph H., Silva, David R., Sirk, Martin M., Slosar, Anze, Smith, Alex, Smoot, George F., Som, Debopam, Song, Yong-Seon, Sprayberry, David, Staten, Ryan, Stefanik, Andy, Tarle, Gregory, Tie, Suk Sien, Tinker, Jeremy L., Tojeiro, Rita, Valdes, Francisco, Valenzuela, Octavio, Valluri, Monica, Vargas-Magana, Mariana, Verde, Licia, Walker, Alistair R., Wang, Jiali, Wang, Yuting, Weaver, Benjamin A., Weaverdyck, Curtis, Wechsler, Risa H., Weinberg, David H., White, Martin, Yang, Qian, Yeche, Christophe, Zhang, Tianmeng, Zhao, Gong-Bo, Zheng, Yi, Zhou, Xu, Zhou, Zhimin, Zhu, Yaling, Zou, Hu, and Zu, Ying

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

DESI (Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument) is a Stage IV ground-based dark energy experiment that will study baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) and the growth of structure through redshift-space distortions with a wide-area galaxy and quasar redshift survey. To trace the underlying dark matter distribution, spectroscopic targets will be selected in four classes from imaging data. We will measure luminous red galaxies up to $z=1.0$. To probe the Universe out to even higher redshift, DESI will target bright [O II] emission line galaxies up to $z=1.7$. Quasars will be targeted both as direct tracers of the underlying dark matter distribution and, at higher redshifts ($ 2.1 < z < 3.5$), for the Ly-$\alpha$ forest absorption features in their spectra, which will be used to trace the distribution of neutral hydrogen. When moonlight prevents efficient observations of the faint targets of the baseline survey, DESI will conduct a magnitude-limited Bright Galaxy Survey comprising approximately 10 million galaxies with a median $z\approx 0.2$. In total, more than 30 million galaxy and quasar redshifts will be obtained to measure the BAO feature and determine the matter power spectrum, including redshift space distortions.

Published
2016

3. The DESI Experiment Part II: Instrument Design

Author

DESI Collaboration, Aghamousa, Amir, Aguilar, Jessica, Ahlen, Steve, Alam, Shadab, Allen, Lori E., Prieto, Carlos Allende, Annis, James, Bailey, Stephen, Balland, Christophe, Ballester, Otger, Baltay, Charles, Beaufore, Lucas, Bebek, Chris, Beers, Timothy C., Bell, Eric F., Bernal, José Luis, Besuner, Robert, Beutler, Florian, Blake, Chris, Bleuler, Hannes, Blomqvist, Michael, Blum, Robert, Bolton, Adam S., Briceno, Cesar, Brooks, David, Brownstein, Joel R., Buckley-Geer, Elizabeth, Burden, Angela, Burtin, Etienne, Busca, Nicolas G., Cahn, Robert N., Cai, Yan-Chuan, Cardiel-Sas, Laia, Carlberg, Raymond G., Carton, Pierre-Henri, Casas, Ricard, Castander, Francisco J., Cervantes-Cota, Jorge L., Claybaugh, Todd M., Close, Madeline, Coker, Carl T., Cole, Shaun, Comparat, Johan, Cooper, Andrew P., Cousinou, M. -C., Crocce, Martin, Cuby, Jean-Gabriel, Cunningham, Daniel P., Davis, Tamara M., Dawson, Kyle S., de la Macorra, Axel, De Vicente, Juan, Delubac, Timothée, Derwent, Mark, Dey, Arjun, Dhungana, Govinda, Ding, Zhejie, Doel, Peter, Duan, Yutong T., Ealet, Anne, Edelstein, Jerry, Eftekharzadeh, Sarah, Eisenstein, Daniel J., Elliott, Ann, Escoffier, Stéphanie, Evatt, Matthew, Fagrelius, Parker, Fan, Xiaohui, Fanning, Kevin, Farahi, Arya, Farihi, Jay, Favole, Ginevra, Feng, Yu, Fernandez, Enrique, Findlay, Joseph R., Finkbeiner, Douglas P., Fitzpatrick, Michael J., Flaugher, Brenna, Flender, Samuel, Font-Ribera, Andreu, Forero-Romero, Jaime E., Fosalba, Pablo, Frenk, Carlos S., Fumagalli, Michele, Gaensicke, Boris T., Gallo, Giuseppe, Garcia-Bellido, Juan, Gaztanaga, Enrique, Fusillo, Nicola Pietro Gentile, Gerard, Terry, Gershkovich, Irena, Giannantonio, Tommaso, Gillet, Denis, Gonzalez-de-Rivera, Guillermo, Gonzalez-Perez, Violeta, Gott, Shelby, Graur, Or, Gutierrez, Gaston, Guy, Julien, Habib, Salman, Heetderks, Henry, Heetderks, Ian, Heitmann, Katrin, Hellwing, Wojciech A., Herrera, David A., Ho, Shirley, Holland, Stephen, Honscheid, Klaus, Huff, Eric, Hutchinson, Timothy A., Huterer, Dragan, Hwang, Ho Seong, Laguna, Joseph Maria Illa, Ishikawa, Yuzo, Jacobs, Dianna, Jeffrey, Niall, Jelinsky, Patrick, Jennings, Elise, Jiang, Linhua, Jimenez, Jorge, Johnson, Jennifer, Joyce, Richard, Jullo, Eric, Juneau, Stéphanie, Kama, Sami, Karcher, Armin, Karkar, Sonia, Kehoe, Robert, Kennamer, Noble, Kent, Stephen, Kilbinger, Martin, Kim, Alex G., Kirkby, David, Kisner, Theodore, Kitanidis, Ellie, Kneib, Jean-Paul, Koposov, Sergey, Kovacs, Eve, Koyama, Kazuya, Kremin, Anthony, Kron, Richard, Kronig, Luzius, Kueter-Young, Andrea, Lacey, Cedric G., Lafever, Robin, Lahav, Ofer, Lambert, Andrew, Lampton, Michael, Landriau, Martin, Lang, Dustin, Lauer, Tod R., Goff, Jean-Marc Le, Guillou, Laurent Le, Van Suu, Auguste Le, Lee, Jae Hyeon, Lee, Su-Jeong, Leitner, Daniela, Lesser, Michael, Levi, Michael E., L'Huillier, Benjamin, Li, Baojiu, Liang, Ming, Lin, Huan, Linder, Eric, Loebman, Sarah R., Lukić, Zarija, Ma, Jun, MacCrann, Niall, Magneville, Christophe, Makarem, Laleh, Manera, Marc, Manser, Christopher J., Marshall, Robert, Martini, Paul, Massey, Richard, Matheson, Thomas, McCauley, Jeremy, McDonald, Patrick, McGreer, Ian D., Meisner, Aaron, Metcalfe, Nigel, Miller, Timothy N., Miquel, Ramon, Moustakas, John, Myers, Adam, Naik, Milind, Newman, Jeffrey A., Nichol, Robert C., Nicola, Andrina, da Costa, Luiz Nicolati, Nie, Jundan, Niz, Gustavo, Norberg, Peder, Nord, Brian, Norman, Dara, Nugent, Peter, O'Brien, Thomas, Oh, Minji, Olsen, Knut A. G., Padilla, Cristobal, Padmanabhan, Hamsa, Padmanabhan, Nikhil, Palanque-Delabrouille, Nathalie, Palmese, Antonella, Pappalardo, Daniel, Pâris, Isabelle, Park, Changbom, Patej, Anna, Peacock, John A., Peiris, Hiranya V., Peng, Xiyan, Percival, Will J., Perruchot, Sandrine, Pieri, Matthew M., Pogge, Richard, Pollack, Jennifer E., Poppett, Claire, Prada, Francisco, Prakash, Abhishek, Probst, Ronald G., Rabinowitz, David, Raichoor, Anand, Ree, Chang Hee, Refregier, Alexandre, Regal, Xavier, Reid, Beth, Reil, Kevin, Rezaie, Mehdi, Rockosi, Constance M., Roe, Natalie, Ronayette, Samuel, Roodman, Aaron, Ross, Ashley J., Ross, Nicholas P., Rossi, Graziano, Rozo, Eduardo, Ruhlmann-Kleider, Vanina, Rykoff, Eli S., Sabiu, Cristiano, Samushia, Lado, Sanchez, Eusebio, Sanchez, Javier, Schlegel, David J., Schneider, Michael, Schubnell, Michael, Secroun, Aurélia, Seljak, Uros, Seo, Hee-Jong, Serrano, Santiago, Shafieloo, Arman, Shan, Huanyuan, Sharples, Ray, Sholl, Michael J., Shourt, William V., Silber, Joseph H., Silva, David R., Sirk, Martin M., Slosar, Anze, Smith, Alex, Smoot, George F., Som, Debopam, Song, Yong-Seon, Sprayberry, David, Staten, Ryan, Stefanik, Andy, Tarle, Gregory, Tie, Suk Sien, Tinker, Jeremy L., Tojeiro, Rita, Valdes, Francisco, Valenzuela, Octavio, Valluri, Monica, Vargas-Magana, Mariana, Verde, Licia, Walker, Alistair R., Wang, Jiali, Wang, Yuting, Weaver, Benjamin A., Weaverdyck, Curtis, Wechsler, Risa H., Weinberg, David H., White, Martin, Yang, Qian, Yeche, Christophe, Zhang, Tianmeng, Zhao, Gong-Bo, Zheng, Yi, Zhou, Xu, Zhou, Zhimin, Zhu, Yaling, Zou, Hu, and Zu, Ying

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

DESI (Dark Energy Spectropic Instrument) is a Stage IV ground-based dark energy experiment that will study baryon acoustic oscillations and the growth of structure through redshift-space distortions with a wide-area galaxy and quasar redshift survey. The DESI instrument is a robotically-actuated, fiber-fed spectrograph capable of taking up to 5,000 simultaneous spectra over a wavelength range from 360 nm to 980 nm. The fibers feed ten three-arm spectrographs with resolution $R= \lambda/\Delta\lambda$ between 2000 and 5500, depending on wavelength. The DESI instrument will be used to conduct a five-year survey designed to cover 14,000 deg$^2$. This powerful instrument will be installed at prime focus on the 4-m Mayall telescope in Kitt Peak, Arizona, along with a new optical corrector, which will provide a three-degree diameter field of view. The DESI collaboration will also deliver a spectroscopic pipeline and data management system to reduce and archive all data for eventual public use.

Published
2016

4. The DESI Experiment Part I: Science,Targeting, and Survey Design

Author

Collaboration, DESI, Aghamousa, Amir, Aguilar, Jessica, Ahlen, Steve, Alam, Shadab, Allen, Lori E, Prieto, Carlos Allende, Annis, James, Bailey, Stephen, Balland, Christophe, Ballester, Otger, Baltay, Charles, Beaufore, Lucas, Bebek, Chris, Beers, Timothy C, Bell, Eric F, Bernal, José Luis, Besuner, Robert, Beutler, Florian, Blake, Chris, Bleuler, Hannes, Blomqvist, Michael, Blum, Robert, Bolton, Adam S, Briceno, Cesar, Brooks, David, Brownstein, Joel R, Buckley-Geer, Elizabeth, Burden, Angela, Burtin, Etienne, Busca, Nicolas G, Cahn, Robert N, Cai, Yan-Chuan, Cardiel-Sas, Laia, Carlberg, Raymond G, Carton, Pierre-Henri, Casas, Ricard, Castander, Francisco J, Cervantes-Cota, Jorge L, Claybaugh, Todd M, Close, Madeline, Coker, Carl T, Cole, Shaun, Comparat, Johan, Cooper, Andrew P, Cousinou, M-C, Crocce, Martin, Cuby, Jean-Gabriel, Cunningham, Daniel P, Davis, Tamara M, Dawson, Kyle S, Macorra, Axel de la, Vicente, Juan De, Delubac, Timothée, Derwent, Mark, Dey, Arjun, Dhungana, Govinda, Ding, Zhejie, Doel, Peter, Duan, Yutong T, Ealet, Anne, Edelstein, Jerry, Eftekharzadeh, Sarah, Eisenstein, Daniel J, Elliott, Ann, Escoffier, Stéphanie, Evatt, Matthew, Fagrelius, Parker, Fan, Xiaohui, Fanning, Kevin, Farahi, Arya, Farihi, Jay, Favole, Ginevra, Feng, Yu, Fernandez, Enrique, Findlay, Joseph R, Finkbeiner, Douglas P, Fitzpatrick, Michael J, Flaugher, Brenna, Flender, Samuel, Font-Ribera, Andreu, Forero-Romero, Jaime E, Fosalba, Pablo, Frenk, Carlos S, Fumagalli, Michele, Gaensicke, Boris T, Gallo, Giuseppe, Garcia-Bellido, Juan, Gaztanaga, Enrique, Fusillo, Nicola Pietro Gentile, Gerard, Terry, Gershkovich, Irena, Giannantonio, Tommaso, Gillet, Denis, Gonzalez-de-Rivera, Guillermo, Gonzalez-Perez, Violeta, Gott, Shelby, Graur, Or, Gutierrez, Gaston, and Guy, Julien

Subjects
astro-ph.IM, astro-ph.CO
Abstract

DESI (Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument) is a Stage IV ground-based darkenergy experiment that will study baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) and thegrowth of structure through redshift-space distortions with a wide-area galaxyand quasar redshift survey. To trace the underlying dark matter distribution,spectroscopic targets will be selected in four classes from imaging data. Wewill measure luminous red galaxies up to $z=1.0$. To probe the Universe out toeven higher redshift, DESI will target bright [O II] emission line galaxies upto $z=1.7$. Quasars will be targeted both as direct tracers of the underlyingdark matter distribution and, at higher redshifts ($ 2.1 < z < 3.5$), for theLy-$\alpha$ forest absorption features in their spectra, which will be used totrace the distribution of neutral hydrogen. When moonlight prevents efficientobservations of the faint targets of the baseline survey, DESI will conduct amagnitude-limited Bright Galaxy Survey comprising approximately 10 milliongalaxies with a median $z\approx 0.2$. In total, more than 30 million galaxyand quasar redshifts will be obtained to measure the BAO feature and determinethe matter power spectrum, including redshift space distortions.

Published
2016

5. The DESI Experiment Part II: Instrument Design

Author

Collaboration, DESI, Aghamousa, Amir, Aguilar, Jessica, Ahlen, Steve, Alam, Shadab, Allen, Lori E, Prieto, Carlos Allende, Annis, James, Bailey, Stephen, Balland, Christophe, Ballester, Otger, Baltay, Charles, Beaufore, Lucas, Bebek, Chris, Beers, Timothy C, Bell, Eric F, Bernal, José Luis, Besuner, Robert, Beutler, Florian, Blake, Chris, Bleuler, Hannes, Blomqvist, Michael, Blum, Robert, Bolton, Adam S, Briceno, Cesar, Brooks, David, Brownstein, Joel R, Buckley-Geer, Elizabeth, Burden, Angela, Burtin, Etienne, Busca, Nicolas G, Cahn, Robert N, Cai, Yan-Chuan, Cardiel-Sas, Laia, Carlberg, Raymond G, Carton, Pierre-Henri, Casas, Ricard, Castander, Francisco J, Cervantes-Cota, Jorge L, Claybaugh, Todd M, Close, Madeline, Coker, Carl T, Cole, Shaun, Comparat, Johan, Cooper, Andrew P, Cousinou, M-C, Crocce, Martin, Cuby, Jean-Gabriel, Cunningham, Daniel P, Davis, Tamara M, Dawson, Kyle S, Macorra, Axel de la, Vicente, Juan De, Delubac, Timothée, Derwent, Mark, Dey, Arjun, Dhungana, Govinda, Ding, Zhejie, Doel, Peter, Duan, Yutong T, Ealet, Anne, Edelstein, Jerry, Eftekharzadeh, Sarah, Eisenstein, Daniel J, Elliott, Ann, Escoffier, Stéphanie, Evatt, Matthew, Fagrelius, Parker, Fan, Xiaohui, Fanning, Kevin, Farahi, Arya, Farihi, Jay, Favole, Ginevra, Feng, Yu, Fernandez, Enrique, Findlay, Joseph R, Finkbeiner, Douglas P, Fitzpatrick, Michael J, Flaugher, Brenna, Flender, Samuel, Font-Ribera, Andreu, Forero-Romero, Jaime E, Fosalba, Pablo, Frenk, Carlos S, Fumagalli, Michele, Gaensicke, Boris T, Gallo, Giuseppe, Garcia-Bellido, Juan, Gaztanaga, Enrique, Fusillo, Nicola Pietro Gentile, Gerard, Terry, Gershkovich, Irena, Giannantonio, Tommaso, Gillet, Denis, Gonzalez-de-Rivera, Guillermo, Gonzalez-Perez, Violeta, Gott, Shelby, Graur, Or, Gutierrez, Gaston, and Guy, Julien

Subjects
astro-ph.IM, astro-ph.CO
Abstract

DESI (Dark Energy Spectropic Instrument) is a Stage IV ground-based darkenergy experiment that will study baryon acoustic oscillations and the growthof structure through redshift-space distortions with a wide-area galaxy andquasar redshift survey. The DESI instrument is a robotically-actuated,fiber-fed spectrograph capable of taking up to 5,000 simultaneous spectra overa wavelength range from 360 nm to 980 nm. The fibers feed ten three-armspectrographs with resolution $R= \lambda/\Delta\lambda$ between 2000 and 5500,depending on wavelength. The DESI instrument will be used to conduct afive-year survey designed to cover 14,000 deg$^2$. This powerful instrumentwill be installed at prime focus on the 4-m Mayall telescope in Kitt Peak,Arizona, along with a new optical corrector, which will provide a three-degreediameter field of view. The DESI collaboration will also deliver aspectroscopic pipeline and data management system to reduce and archive alldata for eventual public use.

Published
2016

7. The Robotic Multiobject Focal Plane System of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI)

Author

Silber, Joseph Harry, primary, Fagrelius, Parker, additional, Fanning, Kevin, additional, Schubnell, Michael, additional, Aguilar, Jessica Nicole, additional, Ahlen, Steven, additional, Ameel, Jon, additional, Ballester, Otger, additional, Baltay, Charles, additional, Bebek, Chris, additional, Beard, Dominic Benton, additional, Besuner, Robert, additional, Cardiel-Sas, Laia, additional, Casas, Ricard, additional, Castander, Francisco Javier, additional, Claybaugh, Todd, additional, Dobson, Carl, additional, Duan, Yutong, additional, Dunlop, Patrick, additional, Edelstein, Jerry, additional, Emmet, William T., additional, Elliott, Ann, additional, Evatt, Matthew, additional, Gershkovich, Irena, additional, Guy, Julien, additional, Harris, Stu, additional, Heetderks, Henry, additional, Heetderks, Ian, additional, Honscheid, Klaus, additional, Illa, Jose Maria, additional, Jelinsky, Patrick, additional, Jelinsky, Sharon R., additional, Jimenez, Jorge, additional, Karcher, Armin, additional, Kent, Stephen, additional, Kirkby, David, additional, Kneib, Jean-Paul, additional, Lambert, Andrew, additional, Lampton, Mike, additional, Leitner, Daniela, additional, Levi, Michael, additional, McCauley, Jeremy, additional, Meisner, Aaron, additional, Miller, Timothy N., additional, Miquel, Ramon, additional, Mundet, Juliá, additional, Poppett, Claire, additional, Rabinowitz, David, additional, Reil, Kevin, additional, Roman, David, additional, Schlegel, David, additional, Serrano, Santiago, additional, Van Shourt, William, additional, Sprayberry, David, additional, Tarlé, Gregory, additional, Tie, Suk Sien, additional, Weaverdyck, Curtis, additional, Zhang, Kai, additional, Azzaro, Marco, additional, Bailey, Stephen, additional, Becerril, Santiago, additional, Blackwell, Tami, additional, Bouri, Mohamed, additional, Brooks, David, additional, Buckley-Geer, Elizabeth, additional, Castro, Jose Peñate, additional, Derwent, Mark, additional, Dey, Arjun, additional, Dhungana, Govinda, additional, Doel, Peter, additional, Eisenstein, Daniel J., additional, Fahim, Nasib, additional, Garcia-Bellido, Juan, additional, Gaztañaga, Enrique, additional, A Gontcho, Satya Gontcho, additional, Gutierrez, Gaston, additional, Hörler, Philipp, additional, Kehoe, Robert, additional, Kisner, Theodore, additional, Kremin, Anthony, additional, Kronig, Luzius, additional, Landriau, Martin, additional, Le Guillou, Laurent, additional, Martini, Paul, additional, Moustakas, John, additional, Palanque-Delabrouille, Nathalie, additional, Peng, Xiyan, additional, Percival, Will, additional, Prada, Francisco, additional, Prieto, Carlos Allende, additional, de Rivera, Guillermo Gonzalez, additional, Sanchez, Eusebio, additional, Sanchez, Justo, additional, Sharples, Ray, additional, Soares-Santos, Marcelle, additional, Schlafly, Edward, additional, Weaver, Benjamin Alan, additional, Zhou, Zhimin, additional, Zhu, Yaling, additional, and Zou, Hu, additional

Published
2022
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8. Precision alignment and integration of DESI's focal plane using a laser tracker

Author

Shourt, William V., primary, Besuner, Roert, additional, Silber, Joseph, additional, Dunlop, Patrick, additional, Evatt, Matthew, additional, Brooks, David, additional, Doel, Peter, additional, Yutong, Duan, additional, Fanning, Kevin, additional, Gaztañaga, Enrique, additional, Martini, Paul, additional, Prada, Francisco, additional, Schubnell, Michael, additional, and Tarle, Gregory, additional

Published
2020
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9. Precision alignment and integration of DESI's focal plane using a laser tracker

Author

Department of Energy (US), National Science Foundation (US), Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK), Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Heising Simons Foundation, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (México), Shourt, William, Besuner, Robert, Silber, Joseph, Dunlop, Patrick, Evatt, Matthew, Brooks, David, Doel, Peter, Duan, Yutong, Fanning, Kevin, Gaztañaga, Enrique, Martini, Paul, Prada, Francisco, Schubnell, Michael, Tarlé, Gregory, Department of Energy (US), National Science Foundation (US), Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK), Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Heising Simons Foundation, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (México), Shourt, William, Besuner, Robert, Silber, Joseph, Dunlop, Patrick, Evatt, Matthew, Brooks, David, Doel, Peter, Duan, Yutong, Fanning, Kevin, Gaztañaga, Enrique, Martini, Paul, Prada, Francisco, Schubnell, Michael, and Tarlé, Gregory

Abstract

The recently commissioned Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) will measure the expansion history of the Universe using the Baryon Acoustic Oscillation technique. The spectra of 35 million galaxies and quasars over 14000 sq deg will be measured during the life of the experiment. A new prime focus corrector for the KPNO Mayall telescope delivers light to 5000 fiber optic positioners. The fibers in turn feed ten broad-band spectrographs. We describe the use of a Faro Laser Tracker with custom hardware and software tools for alignment during integration of DESI's focal plane. The focal plane is approximately one meter in diameter and consists primarily of ten radially symmetrical focal plane segments ("petals") which were individually installed into the telescope. The nominal clearance between petals is 600 microns, and an alignment accuracy of 100 microns and 0.01 degrees was targeted. Alignment of the petals to their targeted locations on the telescope was accomplished by adjusting a purpose-built alignment structure with 14 degrees of freedom using feedback from the laser tracker, which measured the locations of retroreflectors attached to both the petal and the telescope and whose positions relative to key features were precisely known. These measurements were used to infer the locations of aligning features in both structures, which were in turn used to calculate the adjustments necessary to bring the system into alignment. Once alignment was achieved to within acceptable tolerances, each petal was installed while monitoring building movement due to wind and thermal variations. © COPYRIGHT SPIE.

Published
2020

10. The DESI Experiment Part I: Science,Targeting, and Survey Design

Author

Aghamousa, Amir, Aguilar, Jessica, Ahlen, Steve, Alam, Shadab, Allen, Lori E., Prieto, Carlos Allende, Annis, James, Bailey, Stephen, Balland, Christophe, Ballester, Otger, Baltay, Charles, Beaufore, Lucas, Bebek, Chris, Beers, Timothy C., Bell, Eric F., Bernal, José Luis, Besuner, Robert, Beutler, Florian, Blake, Chris, Bleuler, Hannes, Blomqvist, Michael, Blum, Robert, Bolton, Adam S., Briceno, Cesar, Brooks, David, Brownstein, Joel R., Buckley-Geer, Elizabeth, Burden, Angela, Burtin, Etienne, Busca, Nicolás G., Cahn, Robert N., Cai, Yan-Chuan, Cardiel-Sas, Laia, Carlberg, Raymond G., Carton, Pierre-Henri, Casas, Ricard, Castander, Francisco J., Cervantes-Cota, Jorge L., Claybaugh, Todd M., Close, Madeline, Coker, Carl T., Cole, Shaun, Comparat, Johan, Cooper, Andrew P., Cousinou, M. -C., Crocce, Martin, Cuby, Jean-Gabriel, Cunningham, Daniel P., Davis, Tamara M., Dawson, Kyle S., de La Macorra, Axel, de Vicente, Juan, Delubac, Timothée, Derwent, Mark, Dey, Arjun, Dhungana, Govinda, Ding, Zhejie, Doel, Peter, Duan, Yutong T., Ealet, Anne, Edelstein, Jerry, Eftekharzadeh, Sarah, Eisenstein, Daniel J., Elliott, Ann, Escoffier, Stephanie, Evatt, Matthew, Fagrelius, Parker, Fan, Xiaohui, Fanning, Kevin, Farahi, Arya, Farihi, Jay, Favole, Ginevra, Feng, Yu, Fernandez, Enrique, Findlay, Joseph R., Finkbeiner, Douglas P., Fitzpatrick, Michael J., Flaugher, Brenna, Flender, Samuel, Font-Ribera, Andreu, Forero-Romero, Jaime E., Fosalba, Pablo, Frenk, Carlos S., Fumagalli, Michele, Gaensicke, Boris T., Gallo, Giuseppe, Garcia-Bellido, Juan, Gaztanaga, Enrique, Fusillo, Nicola Pietro Gentile, Gerard, Terry, Gershkovich, Irena, Giannantonio, Tommaso, Gillet, Denis, Gonzalez-De-Rivera, Guillermo, Gonzalez-Perez, Violeta, Gott, Shelby, Graur, Or, Gutierrez, Gaston, Guy, Julien, Habib, Salman, Heetderks, Henry, Heetderks, Ian, Heitmann, Katrin, Hellwing, Wojciech A., Herrera, David A., Ho, Shirley, Holland, Stephen, Honscheid, Klaus, Huff, Eric, Hutchinson, Timothy A., Huterer, Dragan, Hwang, Ho Seong, Laguna, Joseph Maria Illa, Ishikawa, Yuzo, Jacobs, Dianna, Jeffrey, Niall, Jelinsky, Patrick, Jennings, Elise, Jiang, Linhua, Jimenez, Jorge, Johnson, Jennifer, Joyce, Richard, Jullo, Eric, Juneau, Stéphanie, Kama, Sami, Karcher, Armin, Karkar, Sonia, Kehoe, Robert, Kennamer, Noble, Kent, Stephen, Kilbinger, Martin, Kim, Alex G., Kirkby, David, Kisner, Theodore, Kitanidis, Ellie, Kneib, Jean-Paul, Koposov, Sergey, Kovacs, Eve, Koyama, Kazuya, Kremin, Anthony, Kron, Richard, Kronig, Luzius, Kueter-Young, Andrea, Lacey, Cedric G., Lafever, Robin, Lahav, Ofer, Lambert, Andrew, Lampton, Michael, Landriau, Martin, Lang, Dustin, Lauer, Tod R., Goff, Jean-Marc Le, Guillou, Laurent Le, van Suu, Auguste Le, Lee, Jae Hyeon, Lee, Su-Jeong, Leitner, Daniela, Lesser, Michael, Levi, Michael E., L'Huillier, Benjamin, Li, Baojiu, Liang, Ming, Lin, Huan, Linder, Eric, Loebman, Sarah R., Lukić, Zarija, Ma, Jun, Maccrann, Niall, Magneville, Christophe, Makarem, Laleh, Manera, Marc, Manser, Christopher J., Marshall, Robert, Martini, Paul, Massey, Richard, Matheson, Thomas, Mccauley, Jeremy, Mcdonald, Patrick, Mcgreer, Ian D., Meisner, Aaron, Metcalfe, Nigel, Miller, Timothy N., Miquel, Ramon, Moustakas, John, Myers, Adam, Naik, Milind, Newman, Jeffrey A., Nichol, Robert C., Nicola, Andrina, da Costa, Luiz Nicolati, Nie, Jundan, Niz, Gustavo, Norberg, Peder, Nord, Brian, Norman, Dara, Nugent, Peter, O'Brien, Thomas, Oh, Minji, Olsen, Knut A. G., Padilla, Cristobal, Padmanabhan, Hamsa, Padmanabhan, Nikhil, Palanque-Delabrouille, Nathalie, Palmese, Antonella, Pappalardo, Daniel, Paris, Isabelle, Park, Changbom, Patej, Anna, Peacock, John A., Peiris, Hiranya V., Peng, Xiyan, Percival, Will J., Perruchot, Sandrine, Pieri, Matthew M., Pogge, Richard, Pollack, Jennifer E., Poppett, Claire, Prada, Francisco, Prakash, Abhishek, Probst, Ronald G., Rabinowitz, David, Raichoor, Anand, Ree, Chang Hee, Refregier, Alexandre, Régal, Xavier, Reid, Beth, Reil, Kevin, Rezaie, Mehdi, Rockosi, Constance M., Roe, Natalie, Ronayette, Samuel, Roodman, Aaron, Ross, Ashley J., Ross, Nicholas P., Rossi, Graziano, Rozo, Eduardo, Ruhlmann-Kleider, Vanina, Rykoff, Eli S., Sabiu, Cristiano, Samushia, Lado, Sanchez, Eusebio, Sanchez, Javier, Schlegel, David J., Schneider, Michael, Schubnell, Michael, Secroun, Aurélia, Seljak, Uros, Seo, Hee-Jong, Serrano, Santiago, Shafieloo, Arman, Shan, Huanyuan, Sharples, Ray, Sholl, Michael J., Shourt, William V., Silber, Joseph H., Silva, David R., Sirk, Martin M., Slosar, Anze, Smith, Alex, Smoot, George F., Som, Debopam, Song, Yong-Seon, Sprayberry, David, Staten, Ryan, Stefanik, Andy, Tarlè, Gregory, Tie, Suk Sien, Tinker, Jeremy L., Tojeiro, Rita, Valdes, Francisco, Valenzuela, Octavio, Valluri, Monica, Vargas-Magaña, Mariana, Verde, Licia, Walker, Alistair R., Wang, Jiali, Wang, Yuting, Weaver, Benjamin A., Weaverdyck, Curtis, Wechsler, Risa H., Weinberg, David H., White, Martin, Yang, Qian, Yeche, Christophe, Zhang, Tianmeng, Zhao, Gong-Bo, Zheng, Yi, Zhou, Xu, Zhou, Zhimin, Zhu, Yaling, Zou, Hu, Zu, Ying, Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI), Okayama University, University of California [Berkeley], University of California, National Optical Astronomy Observatory (NOAO), Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC), Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut de Física d’Altes Energies [Barcelone] (IFAE), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Yale University [New Haven], Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), The University of Notre Dame [Sydney], Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, Institut de Ciencies del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Space Sciences Laboratory [Berkeley] (SSL), University of California-University of California, University of Portsmouth, University of British Columbia (UBC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, APC - Cosmologie, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institute for Astronomy [Edinburgh] (IfA), University of Edinburgh, Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics [University of Toronto], University of Toronto, Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai [Barcelona] (ICE-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Carreterra Mexico-Toluca, Department of Physics [Durham University], Durham University, Department of Astronomy, The Ohio State University, Departamento de FisicaTeorica e IFT-UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM), Institute for Computational Cosmology (ICC), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Department of Applied Physics, Departamento de Fisica Aplicada [Granada], Universidad de Granada (UGR)-Universidad de Granada (UGR), University College of London [London] (UCL), University of Wyoming (UW), Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA), Harvard University [Cambridge]-Smithsonian Institution, Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Department of Information Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Institute for Astronomy [Honolulu], University of Hawai‘i [Mānoa] (UHM), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Departamento de Fisica Teorica, Institute of Cosmology & Gravitation [Portsmouth], Carnegie Mellon University [Pittsburgh] (CMU), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Korea Institute for Advanced Study (KIAS), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Irvine], University of California [Irvine] (UCI), Department of Physics, University of California, University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), Institute of Astronomy [Cambridge], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Institute of Cosmology & Gravitation, Dennis Sciama Building, University of Portsmouth, Observatoire de Haute-Provence (OHP), Institut Pythéas (OSU PYTHEAS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Center for Cosmology & AstroParticle Physics, California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Pittsburgh], University of Pittsburgh (PITT), Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE)-Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE), Institute for Astronomy [Zürich], Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), School of Physics and Astronomy [Nottingham], University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Department of Physics [Durham], University of New Hampshire (UNH), University of Waterloo [Waterloo], Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Department of Astronomy and Space Science [Sejong University], Sejong University, Department of Physics [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ASIPP), Department of Physics [Ann Arbor], University of St Andrews [Scotland], University of Science and Technology of China [Hefei] (USTC), Department of Computer Science and Engineering [Minneapolis], University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), National University of Defense Technology [China], DESI Collaboration, University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Universidad de Granada = University of Granada (UGR)-Universidad de Granada = University of Granada (UGR), Harvard University-Smithsonian Institution, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), University of California [Irvine] (UC Irvine), University of Oxford, and Escoffier, Stephanie

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR.IM] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

DESI (Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument) is a Stage IV ground-based dark energy experiment that will study baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) and the growth of structure through redshift-space distortions with a wide-area galaxy and quasar redshift survey. To trace the underlying dark matter distribution, spectroscopic targets will be selected in four classes from imaging data. We will measure luminous red galaxies up to $z=1.0$. To probe the Universe out to even higher redshift, DESI will target bright [O II] emission line galaxies up to $z=1.7$. Quasars will be targeted both as direct tracers of the underlying dark matter distribution and, at higher redshifts ($ 2.1 < z < 3.5$), for the Ly-$\alpha$ forest absorption features in their spectra, which will be used to trace the distribution of neutral hydrogen. When moonlight prevents efficient observations of the faint targets of the baseline survey, DESI will conduct a magnitude-limited Bright Galaxy Survey comprising approximately 10 million galaxies with a median $z\approx 0.2$. In total, more than 30 million galaxy and quasar redshifts will be obtained to measure the BAO feature and determine the matter power spectrum, including redshift space distortions.

Published
2016

12. Modernization of the Mayall Telescope control system: design, implementation, and performance

Author

Sprayberry, David, additional, Dunlop, Patrick, additional, Evatt, Matthew, additional, Reddell, Larry, additional, Gott, Shelby, additional, George, James R., additional, Donaldson, John, additional, Stupak, Robert J., additional, Marshall, Robert, additional, Abareshi, Behzad, additional, Stover, Deanna, additional, Warner, Michael, additional, Cantarutti, Rolando E., additional, and Probst, Ronald G., additional

Published
2016
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15. The DESI Experiment Part I: Science,Targeting, and Survey Design

Author

Desi, Collaboration, Aghamousa, Amir, Aguilar, Jessica, Ahlen, Steve, Alam, Shadab, Allen, Lori E., Allende Prieto, Carlos, Annis, James, Bailey, Stephen, Balland, Christophe, Ballester, Otger, Baltay, Charles, Beaufore, Lucas, Bebek, Chris, Beers, Timothy C., Bell, Eric F., Bernal, José Luis, Besuner, Robert, Beutler, Florian, Blake, Chris, Bleuler, Hannes, Blomqvist, Michael, Blum, Robert, Bolton, Adam S., Briceno, Cesar, Brooks, David, Brownstein, Joel R., Buckley-Geer, Elizabeth, Burden, Angela, Burtin, Etienne, Busca, Nicolas G., Cahn, Robert N., Cai, Yan-Chuan, Cardiel-Sas, Laia, Carlberg, Raymond G., Carton, Pierre-Henri, Casas, Ricard, Castander, Francisco J., Cervantes-Cota, Jorge L., Claybaugh, Todd M., Close, Madeline, Coker, Carl T., Cole, Shaun, Comparat, Johan, Cooper, Andrew P., Cousinou, M. -C, Crocce, Martin, Cuby, Jean-Gabriel, Cunningham, Daniel P., Davis, Tamara M., Dawson, Kyle S., La Macorra, Axel, Vicente, Juan, Delubac, Timothée, Derwent, Mark, Dey, Arjun, Dhungana, Govinda, Ding, Zhejie, Doel, Peter, Duan, Yutong T., Ealet, Anne, Edelstein, Jerry, Eftekharzadeh, Sarah, Eisenstein, Daniel J., Elliott, Ann, Escoffier, Stéphanie, Evatt, Matthew, Fagrelius, Parker, Fan, Xiaohui, Fanning, Kevin, Farahi, Arya, Farihi, Jay, Favole, Ginevra, Feng, Yu, Fernandez, Enrique, Findlay, Joseph R., Finkbeiner, Douglas P., Fitzpatrick, Michael J., Flaugher, Brenna, Flender, Samuel, Font-Ribera, Andreu, Forero-Romero, Jaime E., Fosalba, Pablo, Frenk, Carlos S., Fumagalli, Michele, Gaensicke, Boris T., Gallo, Giuseppe, Garcia-Bellido, Juan, Gaztanaga, Enrique, Pietro Gentile Fusillo, Nicola, Gerard, Terry, Gershkovich, Irena, Giannantonio, Tommaso, Gillet, Denis, Gonzalez-De-Rivera, Guillermo, Gonzalez-Perez, Violeta, Gott, Shelby, Graur, Or, Gutierrez, Gaston, Guy, Julien, Habib, Salman, Heetderks, Henry, Heetderks, Ian, Heitmann, Katrin, Hellwing, Wojciech A., Herrera, David A., Ho, Shirley, Holland, Stephen, Honscheid, Klaus, Huff, Eric, Hutchinson, Timothy A., Huterer, Dragan, Hwang, Ho Seong, Illa Laguna, Joseph Maria, Ishikawa, Yuzo, Jacobs, Dianna, Jeffrey, Niall, Jelinsky, Patrick, Jennings, Elise, Jiang, Linhua, Jimenez, Jorge, Johnson, Jennifer, Joyce, Richard, Jullo, Eric, Juneau, Stéphanie, Kama, Sami, Karcher, Armin, Karkar, Sonia, Kehoe, Robert, Kennamer, Noble, Kent, Stephen, Kilbinger, Martin, Kim, Alex G., Kirkby, David, Kisner, Theodore, Kitanidis, Ellie, Kneib, Jean-Paul, Koposov, Sergey, Kovacs, Eve, Koyama, Kazuya, Kremin, Anthony, Kron, Richard, Kronig, Luzius, Kueter-Young, Andrea, Lacey, Cedric G., Lafever, Robin, Lahav, Ofer, Lambert, Andrew, Lampton, Michael, Landriau, Martin, Lang, Dustin, Lauer, Tod R., Le Goff, Jean-Marc, Le Guillou, Laurent, Le Suu, Auguste, Lee, Jae Hyeon, Lee, Su-Jeong, Leitner, Daniela, Lesser, Michael, Levi, Michael E., L Huillier, Benjamin, Li, Baojiu, Liang, Ming, Lin, Huan, Linder, Eric, Loebman, Sarah R., Lukić, Zarija, Ma, Jun, Maccrann, Niall, Magneville, Christophe, Makarem, Laleh, Manera, Marc, Manser, Christopher J., Marshall, Robert, Martini, Paul, Massey, Richard, Matheson, Thomas, Mccauley, Jeremy, Mcdonald, Patrick, Mcgreer, Ian D., Meisner, Aaron, Metcalfe, Nigel, Miller, Timothy N., Miquel, Ramon, Moustakas, John, Myers, Adam, Naik, Milind, Newman, Jeffrey A., Nichol, Robert C., Nicola, Andrina, Nicolati Da Costa, Luiz, Nie, Jundan, Niz, Gustavo, Norberg, Peder, Nord, Brian, Norman, Dara, Nugent, Peter, O Brien, Thomas, Oh, Minji, Olsen, Knut A. G., Padilla, Cristobal, Padmanabhan, Hamsa, Padmanabhan, Nikhil, Palanque-Delabrouille, Nathalie, Palmese, Antonella, Pappalardo, Daniel, Pâris, Isabelle, Park, Changbom, Patej, Anna, Peacock, John A., Peiris, Hiranya V., Peng, Xiyan, Percival, Will J., Perruchot, Sandrine, Pieri, Matthew M., Pogge, Richard, Pollack, Jennifer E., Poppett, Claire, Prada, Francisco, Prakash, Abhishek, Probst, Ronald G., Rabinowitz, David, Raichoor, Anand, Ree, Chang Hee, Refregier, Alexandre, Regal, Xavier, Reid, Beth, Reil, Kevin, Rezaie, Mehdi, Rockosi, Constance M., Roe, Natalie, Ronayette, Samuel, Roodman, Aaron, Ross, Ashley J., Ross, Nicholas P., Rossi, Graziano, Rozo, Eduardo, Ruhlmann-Kleider, Vanina, Rykoff, Eli S., Sabiu, Cristiano, Samushia, Lado, Sanchez, Eusebio, Sanchez, Javier, Schlegel, David J., Schneider, Michael, Schubnell, Michael, Secroun, Aurélia, Seljak, Uros, Seo, Hee-Jong, Serrano, Santiago, Shafieloo, Arman, Shan, Huanyuan, Sharples, Ray, Sholl, Michael J., Shourt, William V., Silber, Joseph H., Silva, David R., Sirk, Martin M., Slosar, Anze, Smith, Alex, Smoot, George F., Som, Debopam, Song, Yong-Seon, Sprayberry, David, Staten, Ryan, Stefanik, Andy, Tarle, Gregory, Sien Tie, Suk, Tinker, Jeremy L., Tojeiro, Rita, Valdes, Francisco, Valenzuela, Octavio, Valluri, Monica, Vargas-Magana, Mariana, Verde, Licia, Walker, Alistair R., Wang, Jiali, Wang, Yuting, Weaver, Benjamin A., Weaverdyck, Curtis, Wechsler, Risa H., Weinberg, David H., White, Martin, Yang, Qian, Yeche, Christophe, Zhang, Tianmeng, Zhao, Gong-Bo, Zheng, Yi, Zhou, Xu, Zhou, Zhimin, Zhu, Yaling, Zou, Hu, and Ying Zu

Subjects
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), astro-ph.CO, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, astro-ph.IM
Abstract

DESI (Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument) is a Stage IV ground-based dark energy experiment that will study baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) and the growth of structure through redshift-space distortions with a wide-area galaxy and quasar redshift survey. To trace the underlying dark matter distribution, spectroscopic targets will be selected in four classes from imaging data. We will measure luminous red galaxies up to $z=1.0$. To probe the Universe out to even higher redshift, DESI will target bright [O II] emission line galaxies up to $z=1.7$. Quasars will be targeted both as direct tracers of the underlying dark matter distribution and, at higher redshifts ($ 2.1 < z < 3.5$), for the Ly-$��$ forest absorption features in their spectra, which will be used to trace the distribution of neutral hydrogen. When moonlight prevents efficient observations of the faint targets of the baseline survey, DESI will conduct a magnitude-limited Bright Galaxy Survey comprising approximately 10 million galaxies with a median $z\approx 0.2$. In total, more than 30 million galaxy and quasar redshifts will be obtained to measure the BAO feature and determine the matter power spectrum, including redshift space distortions.

16. The DESI Experiment Part II: Instrument Design

Author

Desi, Collaboration, Aghamousa, Amir, Aguilar, Jessica, Ahlen, Steve, Alam, Shadab, Allen, Lori E., Allende Prieto, Carlos, Annis, James, Bailey, Stephen, Balland, Christophe, Ballester, Otger, Baltay, Charles, Beaufore, Lucas, Bebek, Chris, Beers, Timothy C., Bell, Eric F., Bernal, José Luis, Besuner, Robert, Beutler, Florian, Blake, Chris, Bleuler, Hannes, Blomqvist, Michael, Blum, Robert, Bolton, Adam S., Briceno, Cesar, Brooks, David, Brownstein, Joel R., Buckley-Geer, Elizabeth, Burden, Angela, Burtin, Etienne, Busca, Nicolas G., Cahn, Robert N., Cai, Yan-Chuan, Cardiel-Sas, Laia, Carlberg, Raymond G., Carton, Pierre-Henri, Casas, Ricard, Castander, Francisco J., Cervantes-Cota, Jorge L., Claybaugh, Todd M., Close, Madeline, Coker, Carl T., Cole, Shaun, Comparat, Johan, Cooper, Andrew P., Cousinou, M. -C, Crocce, Martin, Cuby, Jean-Gabriel, Cunningham, Daniel P., Davis, Tamara M., Dawson, Kyle S., La Macorra, Axel, Vicente, Juan, Delubac, Timothée, Derwent, Mark, Dey, Arjun, Dhungana, Govinda, Ding, Zhejie, Doel, Peter, Duan, Yutong T., Ealet, Anne, Edelstein, Jerry, Eftekharzadeh, Sarah, Eisenstein, Daniel J., Elliott, Ann, Escoffier, Stéphanie, Evatt, Matthew, Fagrelius, Parker, Fan, Xiaohui, Fanning, Kevin, Farahi, Arya, Farihi, Jay, Favole, Ginevra, Feng, Yu, Fernandez, Enrique, Findlay, Joseph R., Finkbeiner, Douglas P., Fitzpatrick, Michael J., Flaugher, Brenna, Flender, Samuel, Font-Ribera, Andreu, Forero-Romero, Jaime E., Fosalba, Pablo, Frenk, Carlos S., Fumagalli, Michele, Gaensicke, Boris T., Gallo, Giuseppe, Garcia-Bellido, Juan, Gaztanaga, Enrique, Pietro Gentile Fusillo, Nicola, Gerard, Terry, Gershkovich, Irena, Giannantonio, Tommaso, Gillet, Denis, Gonzalez-De-Rivera, Guillermo, Gonzalez-Perez, Violeta, Gott, Shelby, Graur, Or, Gutierrez, Gaston, Guy, Julien, Habib, Salman, Heetderks, Henry, Heetderks, Ian, Heitmann, Katrin, Hellwing, Wojciech A., Herrera, David A., Ho, Shirley, Holland, Stephen, Honscheid, Klaus, Huff, Eric, Hutchinson, Timothy A., Huterer, Dragan, Hwang, Ho Seong, Illa Laguna, Joseph Maria, Ishikawa, Yuzo, Jacobs, Dianna, Jeffrey, Niall, Jelinsky, Patrick, Jennings, Elise, Jiang, Linhua, Jimenez, Jorge, Johnson, Jennifer, Joyce, Richard, Jullo, Eric, Juneau, Stéphanie, Kama, Sami, Karcher, Armin, Karkar, Sonia, Kehoe, Robert, Kennamer, Noble, Kent, Stephen, Kilbinger, Martin, Kim, Alex G., Kirkby, David, Kisner, Theodore, Kitanidis, Ellie, Kneib, Jean-Paul, Koposov, Sergey, Kovacs, Eve, Koyama, Kazuya, Kremin, Anthony, Kron, Richard, Kronig, Luzius, Kueter-Young, Andrea, Lacey, Cedric G., Lafever, Robin, Lahav, Ofer, Lambert, Andrew, Lampton, Michael, Landriau, Martin, Lang, Dustin, Lauer, Tod R., Le Goff, Jean-Marc, Le Guillou, Laurent, Le Suu, Auguste, Lee, Jae Hyeon, Lee, Su-Jeong, Leitner, Daniela, Lesser, Michael, Levi, Michael E., L Huillier, Benjamin, Li, Baojiu, Liang, Ming, Lin, Huan, Linder, Eric, Loebman, Sarah R., Lukić, Zarija, Ma, Jun, Maccrann, Niall, Magneville, Christophe, Makarem, Laleh, Manera, Marc, Manser, Christopher J., Marshall, Robert, Martini, Paul, Massey, Richard, Matheson, Thomas, Mccauley, Jeremy, Mcdonald, Patrick, Mcgreer, Ian D., Meisner, Aaron, Metcalfe, Nigel, Miller, Timothy N., Miquel, Ramon, Moustakas, John, Myers, Adam, Naik, Milind, Newman, Jeffrey A., Nichol, Robert C., Nicola, Andrina, Nicolati Da Costa, Luiz, Nie, Jundan, Niz, Gustavo, Peder Norberg, Nord, Brian, Norman, Dara, Nugent, Peter, O Brien, Thomas, Oh, Minji, Olsen, Knut A. G., Padilla, Cristobal, Padmanabhan, Hamsa, Padmanabhan, Nikhil, Palanque-Delabrouille, Nathalie, Palmese, Antonella, Pappalardo, Daniel, Pâris, Isabelle, Park, Changbom, Patej, Anna, Peacock, John A., Peiris, Hiranya V., Peng, Xiyan, Percival, Will J., Perruchot, Sandrine, Pieri, Matthew M., Pogge, Richard, Pollack, Jennifer E., Poppett, Claire, Prada, Francisco, Prakash, Abhishek, Probst, Ronald G., Rabinowitz, David, Raichoor, Anand, Ree, Chang Hee, Refregier, Alexandre, Regal, Xavier, Reid, Beth, Reil, Kevin, Rezaie, Mehdi, Rockosi, Constance M., Roe, Natalie, Ronayette, Samuel, Roodman, Aaron, Ross, Ashley J., Ross, Nicholas P., Rossi, Graziano, Rozo, Eduardo, Ruhlmann-Kleider, Vanina, Rykoff, Eli S., Sabiu, Cristiano, Samushia, Lado, Sanchez, Eusebio, Sanchez, Javier, Schlegel, David J., Schneider, Michael, Schubnell, Michael, Secroun, Aurélia, Seljak, Uros, Seo, Hee-Jong, Serrano, Santiago, Shafieloo, Arman, Shan, Huanyuan, Sharples, Ray, Sholl, Michael J., Shourt, William V., Silber, Joseph H., Silva, David R., Sirk, Martin M., Slosar, Anze, Smith, Alex, Smoot, George F., Som, Debopam, Song, Yong-Seon, Sprayberry, David, Staten, Ryan, Stefanik, Andy, Tarle, Gregory, Sien Tie, Suk, Tinker, Jeremy L., Tojeiro, Rita, Valdes, Francisco, Valenzuela, Octavio, Valluri, Monica, Vargas-Magana, Mariana, Verde, Licia, Walker, Alistair R., Wang, Jiali, Wang, Yuting, Weaver, Benjamin A., Weaverdyck, Curtis, Wechsler, Risa H., Weinberg, David H., White, Martin, Yang, Qian, Yeche, Christophe, Zhang, Tianmeng, Zhao, Gong-Bo, Zheng, Yi, Zhou, Xu, Zhou, Zhimin, Zhu, Yaling, Zou, Hu, Zu, Ying, Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC), Boston University [Boston] (BU), Carnegie Mellon University [Pittsburgh] (CMU), University of Edinburgh, National Optical Astronomy Observatory (NOAO), Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC), Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Física d’Altes Energies [Barcelone] (IFAE), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Yale University [New Haven], Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), The University of Notre Dame [Sydney], Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, Institut de Ciencies del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Space Sciences Laboratory [Berkeley] (SSL), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), University of Portsmouth, Centre for Astrophysics & Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology (Hawthorn campus), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The University of Utah, Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, University College of London [London] (UCL), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, APC - Cosmologie, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institute for Astronomy [Edinburgh] (IfA), Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics [University of Toronto], University of Toronto, Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai [Barcelona] (ICE-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Carreterra Mexico-Toluca, Department of Physics [Durham University], Durham University, Department of Astronomy, The Ohio State University, Institute for Computational Cosmology (ICC), Instituto de Fisica Teorica C-XVI (IFT-UAM/CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Department of Applied Physics, Departamento de Fisica Aplicada [Granada], Universidad de Granada = University of Granada (UGR)-Universidad de Granada = University of Granada (UGR), University of Wyoming (UW), Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA), Harvard University-Smithsonian Institution, Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Department of Physics, University of California, University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), Institute for Astronomy [Honolulu], University of Hawai‘i [Mānoa] (UHM), Department of Physics [Durham], University of New Hampshire (UNH), Departamento de Fisica Teorica, Korea Institute for Advanced Study (KIAS), Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Irvine], University of California [Irvine] (UC Irvine), Institute of Astronomy [Cambridge], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Institute of Cosmology & Gravitation, Dennis Sciama Building, University of Portsmouth, Observatoire de Haute-Provence (OHP), Institut Pythéas (OSU PYTHEAS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Center for Cosmology & AstroParticle Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy [Pittsburgh], University of Pittsburgh (PITT), Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE)-Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE), Institute for Astronomy [Zürich], Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), School of Physics and Astronomy [Nottingham], University of Nottingham, UK (UON), School of Physics, University of Waterloo [Waterloo], Department of Astronomy and Space Science [Sejong University], Sejong University, Brookhaven National Laboratory [Upton, NY] (BNL), UT-Battelle, LLC-Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY)-U.S. Department of Energy [Washington] (DOE), Department of Physics [Ann Arbor], University of St Andrews [Scotland], University of Science and Technology of China [Hefei] (USTC), Department of Computer Science and Engineering [Minneapolis], University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Shandong University, National University of Defense Technology [China], Avidea Technologies, Inc, DESI Collaboration, Okayama University, University of California [Berkeley], University of California, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), University of California-University of California, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Universidad de Granada (UGR)-Universidad de Granada (UGR), Harvard University [Cambridge]-Smithsonian Institution, Centre d'Immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), University of California [Irvine] (UCI), U.S. Department of Energy [Washington] (DOE)-UT-Battelle, LLC-Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY), and Escoffier, Stephanie

Subjects
[SDU.ASTR.IM] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), astro-ph.CO, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), astro-ph.IM, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM]
Abstract

DESI (Dark Energy Spectropic Instrument) is a Stage IV ground-based dark energy experiment that will study baryon acoustic oscillations and the growth of structure through redshift-space distortions with a wide-area galaxy and quasar redshift survey. The DESI instrument is a robotically-actuated, fiber-fed spectrograph capable of taking up to 5,000 simultaneous spectra over a wavelength range from 360 nm to 980 nm. The fibers feed ten three-arm spectrographs with resolution $R= \lambda/\Delta\lambda$ between 2000 and 5500, depending on wavelength. The DESI instrument will be used to conduct a five-year survey designed to cover 14,000 deg$^2$. This powerful instrument will be installed at prime focus on the 4-m Mayall telescope in Kitt Peak, Arizona, along with a new optical corrector, which will provide a three-degree diameter field of view. The DESI collaboration will also deliver a spectroscopic pipeline and data management system to reduce and archive all data for eventual public use.

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