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Background The use of statins prior to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has reduced cardiac events in both short and long-term follow-up. This study assessed the impact of prior statin use on in-hospital PCI outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods Retrospective analysis of a multicenter registry of 6,288 consecutive patients undergoing PCI. Of these, 35% had ACS and were evaluated according to statin use (Group 1, n = 1,203) or no use (Group 2, n = 999). Results Group 1 showed higher prevalence of dyslipidemia, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), previous coronary artery bypass graft, chronic renal failure, multivessel involvement, bifurcation lesions, and use of drug-eluting stents. Group 2 showed more primary and rescue PCIs, Killip functional class III/IV, B2/C lesions, thrombi, total occlusions, pre-procedural TIMI 0/1 flow, presence of collateral circulation, and use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors and aspiration catheters. PCI success was higher in Group 1 (95.1% vs. 92.5%; p = 0.01), and the occurrence of major adverse cerebrovascular and cardiac events (MACCE) (3.7% vs. 5.7%) was more frequent in Group 2. Although the non-use of statins showed an association with MACCE in the univariate analysis, independent predictors of in-hospital MACCE were limited to AMI in Killip III/IV and prior coronary artery bypass graft. Conclusions ACS patients undergoing PCI who previously used statins had better in-hospital clinical outcomes; however, statin use was not an independent predictor of MACCE.

INTRODUÇÃO: Diabéticos, especialmente os tratados com insulina, apresentam aterosclerose coronária mais extensa e remodelamento vascular comprometido. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar os resultados hospitalares contemporâneos da intervenção coronária percutânea (ICP) em série consecutiva de diabéticos tratados com (DMI) ou sem (DMNI) insulina. MÉTODOS: Análise retrospectiva de um registro multicêntrico com 1.896 diabéticos, dos quais 397 (20,9%) eram do grupo DMI e 1.499, do grupo DMNI. Comparamos os eventos cardíacos e cerebrovasculares adversos maiores (ECCAM) entre os dois grupos. RESULTADOS: O grupo DMI mostrou maior proporção de mulheres e de portadores de insuficiência renal crônica, mas apresentou características de menor complexidade angiográfica, quando comparado ao grupo DMNI, com menor número de lesões tipo B2/C e presença de trombo, oclusões e lesões com fluxo TIMI 0/1 pré-ICP. Foi tratado 1,4 ± 0,7 vaso/paciente com 1,3 ± 0,7 stent/paciente em cada grupo, e o diâmetro e a extensão dos stents não diferiram entre os grupos. Os desfechos clínicos hospitalares não mostraram diferença quanto à ocorrência de ECCAM (3,8% vs. 2,8%; P = 0,40), acidente vascular cerebral (0 vs. 0,1%; P > 0,99), infarto do miocárdio (2,5% vs. 2,1%; P = 0,72), cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica de emergência (0 vs. 0,1%; P > 0,99) ou óbito (1,5% vs. 0,8%; P = 0,24). Foram preditores independentes de ECCAM, em diabéticos, sexo feminino, pacientes com doença multiarterial e fluxo TIMI 0/1 pré-ICP. CONCLUSÕES: Em nosso estudo, o DMI não foi preditor independente de ECCAM hospitalares. BACKGROUND: Diabetics, especially insulin-treated diabetics, have more extensive coronary atherosclerosis and impaired vascular remodeling. Our objective was to evaluate in-hospital results of contemporaneous percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in a consecutive series of diabetics treated with (ITD) or without (NITD) insulin. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of a multicenter registry with 1,896 diabetics, of which 397 (20.9%) were from the ITD group and 1,499 from the NITD group. Major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) were compared between groups. RESULTS: The ITD group showed a higher rate of women and of patients with chronic renal failure, but showed less complex angiographic characteristics when compared to the NITD group, with fewer B2/C lesions, thrombus-containing lesions, occlusions and TIMI 0/1 flow prior to PCI. We treated 1.4 ± 0.7 vessels/patient with 1.3 ± 0.7 stents/patient in each group and the diameter and length of stents were not different between groups. Clinical in-hospital outcomes showed no differences regarding the occurrence of MACCE (3.8% vs. 2.8%; P = 0.40), stroke (0 vs. 0.1%; P > 0.99), myocardial infarction (2.5% vs. 2.1%; P = 0.72), emergency cardiovascular bypass graft surgery (0 vs. 0.1%; P > 0.99) or death (1.5% vs. 0.8%; P = 0.24). Independent predictors of MACCE in diabetics were the female gender, patients with multivessel disease and TIMI 0/1 flow prior to PCI. CONCLUSIONS: In our study, ITD was not an independent predictor of in-hospital MACCE.

INTRODUÇÃO: Os principais sistemas de custeio da saúde no Brasil, o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e a saúde suplementar (SS), têm características peculiares e abrangem a quase totalidade dos pacientes encaminhados para intervenção coronária percutânea (ICP). Buscamos saber as diferenças populacionais e os resultados hospitalares da ICP entre os pacientes desses dois sistemas. MÉTODOS: No período de agosto de 2006 a novembro de 2010, 4.957 pacientes consecutivos foram submetidos a ICP, 2.802 (56,5%) pertencentes ao SUS e 2.155 à SS. RESULTADOS: Pacientes do SUS eram mais jovens, com menor grau de escolaridade, maior ocorrência de tabagismo, infarto do miocárdio (IM) prévio, lesões em um único vaso, disfunção ventricular esquerda, e utilização da técnica de stent direto. No grupo SS ocorreram mais diabetes, dislipidemia, revascularizações percutânea e cirúrgica prévias, acidente vascular cerebral prévio, insuficiência renal crônica, síndromes coronárias agudas, com e sem supradesnivelamento do segmento ST, lesões reestenóticas, lesões longas, ICPs primárias, e uso de inibidores da glicoproteína IIb/IIIa e de stents farmacológicos. Sucesso da ICP (96% vs. 96,1%; P = 0,87), IM (1,7% vs. 1,8%; P = 0,72), cirurgia de revascularização (0,1% vs. 0,2%; P = 0,85), acidente vascular cerebral (0,1% vs. 0,1%; P > 0,99) e óbito (1% vs. 1,2%; P = 0,48) hospitalares não diferiram entre os grupos. CONCLUSÕES: Os pacientes da SS apresentaram-se com maior complexidade clínica e angiográfica que os do SUS. No entanto, essas diferenças não alteraram o sucesso do procedimento e os eventos cardiovasculares e cerebrovasculares adversos maiores hospitalares. BACKGROUND: The main healthcare funding systems in Brazil, the public and the private healthcare systems (PuHS and PrHS, respectively), have peculiar characteristics and cover almost all patients referred for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Our objective was to identify population differences and PCI hospital outcomes in patients using both systems. METHODS: From August 2006 to November 2010, 4,957 consecutive patients were submitted to PCI, 2,802 (56.5%) were from the PuHS and 2,155 from the PrHS. RESULTS: Patients from the PuHS were younger, had less education, greater incidence of smoking, prior myocardial infarction (MI), single-vessel disease, left ventricular dysfunction, and received more direct stenting. In the PrHS group, there was more diabetes, dyslipidemia, prior coronary bypass graft surgery (CABG) and PCI, prior stroke, chronic renal failure, ST-segment elevation and non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndromes, restenotic lesions, long lesions, primary PCIs, use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors and drug-eluting stents. PCI success (96% vs. 96,1%; P = 0.87), MI (1.7% vs. 1.8%; P = 0.72), CABG (0.1% vs. 0.2%; P = 0.85), stroke (0.1% vs. 0.1%; P > 0.99) and death (1% vs. 1.2%; P = 0.48) were not different between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Patients from the PrHS had greater clinical and angiographic complexity than those from the PuHS. However, these differences did not affect the success of the procedure and the rate of in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events.

Background The benefits of using thrombus aspiration catheters during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), to obtain better coronary flow and myocardial perfusion and reducing late mortality are established in the literature. However, in the clinical practice it does not seem to be used for all patients. We tried to determine what clinical and angiographic variables have led to the indication of these devices in primary PCI at our institution. Methods From August 2006 to November 2010, 558 patients were consecutively submitted to primary PCI. Thrombus aspiration catheters were used in 79 patients (group 1), who were compared to 479 patients who did not use these devices (group 2). Results Group 1 showed a prevalence of males, smokers, large acute myocardial infarctions (AMI) and thrombotic lesions. The use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, direct stenting and larger diameter stents and the presence of transient coronary flow disturbances were also more frequent in group 1. Procedure success rate was high (93.7% vs. 92.3%; P = 0.4) and it was similar between groups. At hospital discharge, the incidence of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (6.3% vs. 6.5%; P = 0.6), death (5.1% vs. 3.8%; P = 0.58), stroke (1.3% vs. 0.4%; P = 0.09), reinfarction (0 vs. 2.3%; P = 0.17) was not different between groups. Conclusions Thrombus aspiration catheters have been used in 15% of primary PCIs, usually in AMIs with greater extension and thrombotic burden. Despite the more severe clinical-angiographic profile of these patients the success rate is high and similar to that of low-risk patients.

BackgroundThere are few available reports in the literature assessing in-hospital outcomes of diabetic patients currently undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This article aimed to assess the acute post-PCI outcomes of a large series of diabetic and non-diabetic patients treated consecutively.MethodsFrom August 2006 to February 2012, 6,011 patients were submitted to PCI and included in the registry of the Hospital Bandeirantes. The techniques and devices for the procedure were chosen by the surgeons. Clinical outcomes were registered at the time of hospital discharge.ResultsDiabetic patients were older and more frequently females, with a higher prevalence of comorbidities and risk factors for coronary artery disease, except for smoking. However, most of the characteristics related to lesion complexity did not differ between groups. In diabetics, the number of treated vessels (1.6±0.8 vs. 1.4±0.7; P < 0.01) was higher, and the use of smaller stents (2.9±0.5mm vs. 3±0.5mm; P < 0.01) was more frequent. A procedural success rate of 95.5% was achieved in both groups. In-hospital outcomes did not differ in the incidence of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (3.3% vs. 2.8%; P=0.79), death (1% vs. 1.1%; P=0.90), acute myocardial infarction (2% vs. 2.4%; P=0.35), stroke (0.1% in both groups), and emergency revascularisation (0.3% in both groups). Arterial hypertension was the variable that best explained the occurrence of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events [odds ratio (OR): 2.68, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.13–6.38; P=0.026).ConclusionsDiabetes mellitus adds more clinical complexity to PCI but has no significant impact on in-hospital outcomes.

Background Ad hoc percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has proven to be safe in certain subsets of patients and the number of procedures has grown steadily over the years. In face of the scarcity of literature publications, we performed a comparative analysis of in-hospital outcomes of ad hoc and elective PCIs. Methods From 2006 to 2010, 4,957 consecutive patients were submitted to PCI and were included in the Hospital Bandeirantes Registry. Patients undergoing primary or rescue PCI were excluded and of the remaining 4,048 patients, 1,510 (37.3%) were submitted to ad hoc PCI and 2,538 to elective PCI. Results The ad hoc PCI group was younger, had a lower prevalence of comorbidities and a greater number of patients were treated in the presence of acute coronary syndrome. They exhibited less complex coronary lesions, used larger diameter stents and had more transient flow impairments during PCI. Procedure success was similar between groups (97% vs. 96.8%; P = 0.70) as well as the occurrence of death (0.5% vs. 0.3%; P = 0.19), myocardial infarction (1.3% vs. 1.8%; P = 0.17), emergency coronary artery bypass graft surgery (0.4% vs. 0.2%; P = 0.36), stroke (0.1% vs. 0; P = 0.71) and major vascular complications (0.3% vs. 0.4%; P = 0.64). Conclusions Ad hoc PCI is performed in lower risk patients and the outcomes demonstrate it is a safe procedure for most of the selected patients.

INTRODUÇÃO: A intervenção coronária percutânea (ICP) primária é a mais eficaz técnica de reperfusão no infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM) e seu sucesso depende de múltiplos fatores. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o perfil e comparar os resultados hospitalares da ICP primária entre os pacientes do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e da saúde suplementar (SS). MÉTODOS: Entre 2006 e 2010, 493 pacientes foram submetidos a ICP primária, sendo 220 tratados pelo SUS e 273, pela SS. A técnica e a escolha do material ficaram a cargo dos operadores. RESULTADOS: O grupo SUS tinha maior número de pacientes Killip > I. Doença coronária multiarterial, fluxo coronário pré-procedimento TIMI 0/1 e presença de colaterais para o vaso tratado não diferiram entre os grupos. O grupo SS utilizou mais cateteres de aspiração de trombos (10% vs. 20,8%; P < 0,01) e inibidores da glicoproteína IIb/IIIa (24,1% vs. 36,6%; P < 0,01). Não houve diferença em relação ao tempo porta-balão (62,3 minutos vs. 64,2 minutos; P = 0,91). Para os pacientes encaminhados de outros hospitais, no entanto, o tempo de transferência foi maior no SUS (400,8 minutos vs. 262,4 minutos; P < 0,01). O sucesso da ICP e a ocorrência de eventos cardiovasculares e cerebrovasculares maiores (ECCAM) não diferiram entre os grupos (6,3% vs. 6,2%; P = 0,1). Idade, Killip III/IV e tempo de transferência foram as variáveis que melhor explicaram a ocorrência de ECCAM. CONCLUSÕES: As diferenças nos perfis clínico, angiográfico e do procedimento dos pacientes submetidos a ICP primária, atendidos pelo SUS e pela SS, não tiveram impacto nos ECCAM. O tempo de transferência, entretanto, elevado nos dois grupos e maior no grupo SUS, mostrou ser preditor independente de eventos adversos. BACKGROUND: Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the most effective reperfusion technique in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and its success rate depends on many factors. This study aimed to assess the profile and to compare in-hospital outcomes of primary PCI among patients from the Public Healthcare System (PuHS) versus those from the Private Healthcare System (PrHS). METHODS: From 2006 to 2010, 493 patients were submitted to primary PCI, of which 220 were treated by the PuHS and 273 by the PrHS. Procedure technique and materials were left to the operator's discretion. RESULTS: The PuHS group had a larger number of Killip > 1 patients. Multivessel coronary disease, pre-procedure coronary flow TIMI 0/1 and the presence of collaterals for the treated vessel did not differ between groups. The PrHS group used more thromboaspiration catheters (10% vs. 20.8%; P < 0.01) and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors (24.1% vs. 36.6%; P < 0.01). There was no difference for door-to-balloon times (62.3 minutes vs. 64.2 minutes; P = 0.91). For patients referred from other hospitals, however, transportation times were higher for PuHS patients (400.8 minutes vs. 262.4 minutes; P < 0.01). PCI success rates and the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) did not differ between groups (6.3% vs. 6.2%; P = 0.1). Age, Killip III/IV and transportation time were the variables that best explained the occurrence of MACCE. CONCLUSIONS: Differences in the clinical, angiographic and procedure profile of patients undergoing primary PCI treated by the PuHS and the PrHS did not have an impact on MACCE. Transportation times, however, high in both groups and higher in the PuHS group, proved to be an independent predictor of adverse events.

INTRODUÇÃO: Estudos prévios demonstram que há diferenças entre homens e mulheres em relação aos resultados clínicos pós-intervenção coronária percutânea (ICP). Buscamos avaliar as diferenças entre os gêneros na apresentação tanto clínica como angiográfica e nos resultados hospitalares de pacientes submetidos a ICP contemporânea. MÉTODOS: No período de 2002 a 2009, 6.067 pacientes consecutivos foram submetidos a ICP, dos quais 2.021 (33,3%) eram do sexo feminino. A técnica e a escolha do material durante o procedimento ficaram a cargo dos operadores. RESULTADOS: O sexo feminino mostrou ser mais idoso e com maior ocorrência de fatores de risco para aterosclerose, à exceção do tabagismo. Prevaleceu nas mulheres o quadro clínico de síndrome coronária aguda sem supradesnivelamento do segmento ST. As mulheres apresentaram maior prevalência de doença uniarterial e menor prevalência de lesões B2/C, trombos, lesões em bifurcações, e disfunção ventricular moderada a grave. Os pacientes foram tratados predominantemente com stents não-farmacológicos e não foram observadas diferenças quanto ao diâmetro e à extensão dos stents. Não foram observadas diferenças na incidência hospitalar de eventos cardíacos e cerebrovasculares adversos maiores (1,5% vs. 1,4%; P = 0,76), óbito (0,9% vs. 0,6%; P = 0,15), acidente vascular cerebral (0,05% vs. 0,05%; P > 0,99), infarto agudo do miocárdio (0,7% vs. 1,1%; P = 0,16) e cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica de emergência (0,1% vs. 0; P = 0,62). Diabetes, coronariopatia multiarterial, lesões tipo B2/C e oclusões totais foram as variáveis que melhor explicaram a ocorrência de eventos hospitalares. CONCLUSÕES: As mulheres, que representam um terço dos pacientes submetidos a ICP em nosso serviço, têm perfil clínico mais grave, mas menor complexidade anatômica que os homens. Neste estudo, o sexo feminino não foi preditor de eventos clínicos adversos hospitalares. BACKGROUND: Prior studies have shown there are differences in the clinical outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) between men and women. We tried to assess gender differences in clinical and angiographic presentation as well as in the in-hospital outcomes of patients undergoing contemporary PCI. METHODS: From 2002 to 2009, 6,067 consecutive patients were submitted to PCI, of these, 2,021 (33.3%) were women. The interventional strategy, including the type of stent implanted, was conducted at the operators discretion. RESULTS: The female gender was older and had a greater incidence of risk factors for atherosclerosis, except for smoking. Acute coronary syndrome without ST segment elevation was the most prevalent presentation in women. Women had a higher number of single vessel lesions and a lower prevalence of B2/C lesions, thrombi, bifurcation lesions and moderate to severe ventricular dysfunction. Patients were predominantly treated with bare metal stents and no differences were observed for the diameter and length of the stents. No differences were observed for the in-hospital incidence of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (1.5% vs. 1.4%; P = 0.76), death (0.9% vs. 0.6%; P = 0.15), stroke (0.05% vs. 0.05%; P > 0.99), acute myocardial infarction (0.7% vs. 1.1%; P = 0.16) and emergency myocardial revascularization surgery (0.1% vs. 0; P = 0.62). Diabetes, multivessel coronary artery disease, B2/C type lesions and total occlusions were the variables that best explained the occurrence of in-hospital events. CONCLUSIONS: Women correspond to one third of the patients undergoing PCI at our service and have a more severe clinical profile, but lower anatomic complexity than men. In our study, the female gender was not a predictor of in-hospital adverse clinical events.

Introdução: A doença cardiovascular tem apresentado ocorrência crescente na população jovem e dados da intervenção coronária percutânea (ICP) nesse grupo são escassos. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar retrospectivamente o perfil e os resultados clínicos hospitalares de pacientes jovens do nosso registro de ICP. Métodos: No período de 2006 a 2012, 6.288 pacientes foram submetidos consecutivamente à ICP, sendo 151 com idade < 40 anos (Grupo 1) e 6.137 ≥ 40 anos (Grupo 2). Modelos de regressão logística foram aplicados para identificar os preditores de eventos cardíacos e cerebrovasculares adversos maiores (ECCAM) na população estudada. Resultados: No Grupo 1, prevaleceram o tabagismo, o infarto agudo do miocárdio como apresentação clínica, lesões em um único vaso (sendo a artéria descendente anterior o vaso mais tratado), lesões com trombos e o fluxo TIMI 0/1. O sucesso clínico da ICP (96,0% vs. 95,5%; p = 0,89) e a ocorrência de ECCAM (3,3% vs. 3,3%; p = 0,82), de óbito (0,0% vs. 1,0%; p = 0,39), acidente vascular cerebral (0,0% vs. 0,1%; p > 0,99), infarto agudo do miocárdio (3,3% vs. 2,3%; p = 0,41) ou revascularização de emergência (0,6% vs. 0,03%; p = 0,56) foram semelhantes entre os grupos. Na análise multivariada, a idade e a presença das classes funcionais Killip III e IV foram as variáveis que melhor explicaram a ocorrência de ECCAM. Conclusões: Pacientes com idade < 40 anos representaram uma fração menor dos casos dessa casuística, e apresentaram perfil clínico e angiográfico distinto dos mais velhos, o que sugere a necessidade de instituir medidas de prevenção primária mais precoce nos que se enquadram no perfil observado. Background: Cardiovascular disease has shown increasing occurrence rates among young people and data of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in this group are scarce. Our objective was to perform a retrospective evaluation of the profile and in-hospital clinical outcomes of young patients in this PCI registry. Methods: From 2006 to 2012, 6,288 patients were consecutively submitted to PCI, of whom 151 were < 40 years of age (Group 1) and 6,127 were ≥ 40 years of age (Group 2). Logistic regression models were applied to identify the predictors of cardiac events and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) in the study population. Results: In Group 1, there was a prevalence of smoking, myocardial infection as a clinical presentation, single vessel disease (left anterior descending artery as the culprit vessel), thrombotic lesions, and TIMI flow 0/1. The clinical success of PCI (96.0 % vs. 95.5 %; p = 0.89), and the occurrence of MACCE (3.3% vs. 3.3%; p = 0.82), death (0.0% vs. 1.0%; p = 0.39, stroke (0.0% vs. 0.1%; p > 0.99), myocardial infarction (3.3% vs. 2.3%; p = 0.41) or emergency revascularization (0.6% vs. 0.03%; p = 0.56) were similar between groups. In the multivariate analysis, age and presence of functional class Killip III and IV were the variables that best explained the occurrence of MACCE. Conclusions: Patients with age < 40 years represented a small fraction of the cases in this series and had a clinical and angiographic profile different from the older patients, suggesting the need to establish primary prevention measures earlier in individuals with the observed profile.

INTRODUÇÃO: Dificuldades de acesso em tempo hábil a centros que oferecem intervenção coronária percutânea (ICP) primária fazem com que a trombólise química seja a modalidade de reperfusão predominante em pacientes com infarto com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST (IAMCSST) no Brasil. Nesse cenário, a ICP de resgate torna-se importante opção para pacientes com insucesso na reperfusão. Comparamos os desfechos hospitalares dessas duas modalidades de ICP no IAMCSST. MÉTODOS: Entre agosto de 2006 e outubro de 2012, pacientes consecutivos do Registro Angiocardio, com IAMCSST, foram submetidos a ICP primária ou de resgate. Foi comparada a incidência de eventos cardíacos e cerebrovasculares adversos maiores (ECCAM) hospitalares. RESULTADOS: Avaliamos 801 pacientes submetidos a ICP primária (n = 599) ou a ICP de resgate (n = 202). No grupo ICP de resgate foi observada menor frequência de trombos, oclusões totais, fluxo TIMI 0/1 pré-procedimento e presença de circulação colateral. O emprego de stents foi similar, assim como a taxa de sucesso do procedimento (91,7% vs. 90,6%; P = 0,75). A incidência de ECCAM (6,3% vs. 6,9%; P = 0,89), óbito (4% vs. 4%; P > 0,99), acidente vascular cerebral (0,3% vs. 0; P = 0,99) e reinfarto (2,7% vs. 3%; P > 0,99) não diferiu entre os grupos. Na análise multivariada, dislipidemia [odds ratio (OR) 2,190, intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC 95%) 1,14-4,16; P = 0,01], classe funcional Killip III ou IV (OR 7,494, IC 95% 3,90-14,31; P < 0,01) e lesões com calcificação moderada/acentuada (OR 2,852, IC 95% 1,39-5,62; P < 0,01) foram as variáveis que melhor explicaram os ECCAM hospitalares. CONCLUSÕES: Neste registro contemporâneo, a ICP de resgate obteve resultados hospitalares similares aos da ICP primária. BACKGROUND: Difficulties to reach centers that offer primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in a timely manner turn intravenous thrombolysis into the predominant reperfusion mode in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in Brazil. In this scenario, rescue PCI becomes an important therapeutic option for patients who fail reperfusion. We have compared hospital outcomes of these two PCI modalities in STEMI. METHODS: Between August 2006 to October 2012, consecutive patients with STEMI enrolled in the Angiocardio Registry were submitted to primary or rescue PCI. The incidence of in-hospital major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) was compared. RESULTS: We evaluated 801 patients undergoing primary (n = 599) or rescue PCI (n = 202). In the rescue PCI group a lower frequency of thrombi, total occlusions, pre-procedure TIMI 0/1 flow and angiographically detectable collaterals was observed. The use of stents was similar, as well as the procedure success rates (91.7% vs 90.6%; P = 0.75). The incidence of MACCE (6.3% vs 6.9%; P = 0.89), death (4% vs 4%; P > 0.99), stroke (0.3% vs 0; P = 0.99) and reinfarction (2.7% vs 3%; P > 0.99) was not different between groups. In the multivariate analysis, the presence of dyslipidemia [odds ratio (OR) 2.190, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.14-4.16; P = 0.01], Killip class III or IV (OR 7.494, 95% CI 3.90-14.31; P < 0.01) and lesions with moderate/severe calcification (OR 2.852, 95% CI 1.39-5.62; P < 0.01), were the variables that best explained in-hospital MACCE. CONCLUSIONS: In this contemporary registry, rescue and primary PCI had similar in-hospital results.

INTRODUCAO: Diabeticos, especialmente os tratados com insulina, apresentam aterosclerose coronaria mais extensa e remodelamento vascular comprometido. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar os resultados hospitalares contemporâneos da intervencao coronaria percutânea (ICP) em serie consecutiva de diabeticos tratados com (DMI) ou sem (DMNI) insulina. METODOS: Analise retrospectiva de um registro multicentrico com 1.896 diabeticos, dos quais 397 (20,9%) eram do grupo DMI e 1.499, do grupo DMNI. Comparamos os eventos cardiacos e cerebrovasculares adversos maiores (ECCAM) entre os dois grupos. RESULTADOS: O grupo DMI mostrou maior proporcao de mulheres e de portadores de insuficiencia renal cronica, mas apresentou caracteristicas de menor complexidade angiografica, quando comparado ao grupo DMNI, com menor numero de lesoes tipo B2/C e presenca de trombo, oclusoes e lesoes com fluxo TIMI 0/1 pre-ICP. Foi tratado 1,4 ± 0,7 vaso/paciente com 1,3 ± 0,7 stent/paciente em cada grupo, e o diâmetro e a extensao dos stents nao diferiram entre os grupos. Os desfechos clinicos hospitalares nao mostraram diferenca quanto a ocorrencia de ECCAM (3,8% vs. 2,8%; P = 0,40), acidente vascular cerebral (0 vs. 0,1%; P > 0,99), infarto do miocardio (2,5% vs. 2,1%; P = 0,72), cirurgia de revascularizacao miocardica de emergencia (0 vs. 0,1%; P > 0,99) ou obito (1,5% vs. 0,8%; P = 0,24). Foram preditores independentes de ECCAM, em diabeticos, sexo feminino, pacientes com doenca multiarterial e fluxo TIMI 0/1 pre-ICP. CONCLUSOES: Em nosso estudo, o DMI nao foi preditor independente de ECCAM hospitalares.

INTRODUÇÃO: A evolução tecnológica tem permitido ampliar a indicação da intervenção coronária percutânea (ICP) para cenários clínicos e angiográficos mais desafiadores. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar os resultados da ICP em dois diferentes períodos, nos últimos 6 anos. MÉTODOS: Registro multicêntrico no qual 6.288 pacientes consecutivos tratados por ICP foram divididos por períodos de tratamento: 2006 a 2008 (P1; n = 1.779) e 2009 a 2012 (P2; n = 4.509). Buscamos comparar as taxas de eventos cardíacos e cerebrovasculares adversos maiores (ECCAM) hospitalares e identificar seus preditores. RESULTADOS: Pacientes do Grupo P2 mostraram ser mais jovens, com maior prevalência de tabagismo e diabetes. Esses pacientes mostraram maior acometimento de múltiplos vasos, maior número de lesões trombóticas e lesões em bifurcações. A relação de vasos tratados/paciente foi maior no Grupo P2, assim como a relação stent/paciente e a utilização de stents farmacológicos. ECCAM foi mais frequente no Grupo P2 (2,5% vs. 3,5%; P = 0,04), às custas do infarto periprocedimento (1,7% vs. 2,6%; P = 0,05), não havendo diferenças quanto a óbito (1,0% vs. 1,0%; P = 0,87), acidente vascular cerebral (0,2% vs. 0,1%; P = 0,47) ou cirurgia de revascularização de emergência (0,1% vs. 0; P = 0,68). Idade (odds ratio - OR - de 1,02; intervalo de confiança de 95% - IC 95% - de 1,00-1,05; P = 0,04) e Killip III/IV (OR = 6,03, IC 95%; 3,39-10,90; P < 0,01) foram as variáveis que melhor explicaram a presença de ECCAM. CONCLUSÕES: Nessa grande coorte, mudanças substanciais ocorreram nas características de pacientes tratados por ICP nos últimos 6 anos. O cenário mais complexo associou-se a discreto aumento de infartos periprocedimento, mas não a outros eventos adversos clínicos hospitalares. BACKGROUND: Technological developments have enabled the expansion of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) indications for more challenging clinical and angiographic scenarios. Our objective was to evaluate the results of PCI in two different periods in the past 6 years. METHODS: This was a multicenter registry including 6,288 consecutive patients treated by PCI, who were divided according to different treatment periods: 2006 to 2008 (P1; n = 1,779) and 2009 to 2012 (P2; n = 4,509). We intended to compare the rates of in-hospital major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) and identify their predictors. RESULTS: P2 patients were younger and had a higher prevalence of smoking and diabetes. These patients had a greater rate of multivessel, thrombotic and bifurcation lesions. The number of diseased vessels per patient was higher in the P2 Group, as well as the number of stents per patient, and the use of drug-eluting stents. MACCE was more frequent in P2 patients (2.5% vs. 3.5%; P = 0.04), due to periprocedural myocardial infarction (1.7% vs. 2.6%; P = 0.05), and there were no differences in terms of death (1.0% vs. 1.0%; P = 0.87), stroke (0.2% vs. 0.1%; P = 0.47) or emergency coronary artery bypass grafting (0.1% vs. 0; P = 0.68). Age (odds ratio - OR - 1.02; 95% confidence interval - CI 95% - 1.00-1.05; P = 0.04) and Killip III/IV (OR = 6.0, 95% CI; 3.3-10.9; P < 0.01) were the variables that best explained the presence of MACCE. CONCLUSIONS: In this large cohort, substancial changes occurred in the characteristics of patients treated by PCI in the last 6 years. This more complex scenario was associated to a slight increase of periprocedural myocardial infarctions, but not to other in-hospital clinical adverse events.

INTRODUÇÃO: A realização de intervenções coronárias percutâneas (ICPs) ad hoc tem mostrado ser segura em certos subgrupos de pacientes e o número de procedimentos tem aumentado progressivamente ao longo dos anos. Diante da escassez de estudos na literatura, realizamos análise comparativa dos resultados hospitalares das ICPs ad hoc e eletiva. MÉTODOS: No período de 2006 a 2010, 4.957 pacientes consecutivos foram submetidos a ICP e incluídos no Registro do Hospital Bandeirantes. Foram excluídos os pacientes submetidos a ICP primária ou de resgate, restando 4.048 pacientes, 1.510 (37,3%) submetidos a ICP ad hoc e 2.538, a ICP eletiva. RESULTADOS: O grupo ICP ad hoc mostrou ser mais jovem, com menor prevalência de comorbidades e maior número de pacientes tratados na vigência da síndrome coronária aguda. Mostraram ter menor gravidade angiográfica, utilizaram stents de maior diâmetro e apresentaram mais distúrbios de fluxo transitórios durante a ICP. O sucesso do procedimento foi semelhante entre os grupos (97% vs. 96,8%; P = 0,70), assim como a ocorrência de óbito (0,5% vs. 0,3%; P = 0,19), infarto do miocárdio (1,3% vs. 1,8%; P = 0,17), revascularização miocárdica de emergência (0,4% vs. 0,2%; P = 0,36), acidente vascular cerebral (0,1% vs. 0; P = 0,71) e complicações vasculares maiores (0,3% vs. 0,4%; P = 0,64). CONCLUSÕES: A ICP ad hoc é realizada em pacientes de menor risco e seus resultados demonstram que é um procedimento seguro para a maioria dos pacientes selecionados. BACKGROUND: Ad hoc percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has proven to be safe in certain subsets of patients and the number of procedures has grown steadily over the years. In face of the scarcity of literature publications, we performed a comparative analysis of in-hospital outcomes of ad hoc and elective PCIs. METHODS: From 2006 to 2010, 4,957 consecutive patients were submitted to PCI and were included in the Hospital Bandeirantes Registry. Patients undergoing primary or rescue PCI were excluded and of the remaining 4,048 patients, 1,510 (37.3%) were submitted to ad hoc PCI and 2,538 to elective PCI. RESULTS: The ad hoc PCI group was younger, had a lower prevalence of comorbidities and a greater number of patients were treated in the presence of acute coronary syndrome. They exhibited less complex coronary lesions, used larger diameter stents and had more transient flow impairments during PCI. Procedure success was similar between groups (97% vs. 96.8%; P = 0.70) as well as the occurrence of death (0.5% vs. 0.3%; P = 0.19), myocardial infarction (1.3% vs. 1.8%; P = 0.17), emergency coronary artery bypass graft surgery (0.4% vs. 0.2%; P = 0.36), stroke (0.1% vs. 0; P = 0.71) and major vascular complications (0.3% vs. 0.4%; P = 0.64). CONCLUSIONS: Ad hoc PCI is performed in lower risk patients and the outcomes demonstrate it is a safe procedure for most of the selected patients.

INTRODUÇÃO: Poucas publicações estão disponíveis na literatura avaliando a evolução hospitalar de pacientes diabéticos submetidos a intervenção coronária percutânea (ICP) na era contemporânea. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar os resultados agudos pós-ICP de uma grande série de pacientes diabéticos e não-diabéticos, tratados consecutivamente. MÉTODOS: No período de agosto de 2006 a fevereiro de 2012, 6.011 pacientes foram submetidos a ICP e incluídos no Registro do Hospital Bandeirantes. A técnica e a escolha do material durante o procedimento ficaram a cargo dos operadores. Os desfechos clínicos foram registrados no momento da alta hospitalar. RESULTADOS: Os diabéticos mostraram ser mais idosos, mais frequentemente do sexo feminino, com maior prevalência de comorbidades e fatores de risco para doença arterial coronária, à exceção do tabagismo. A maioria das características de complexidade das lesões, no entanto, não diferiu entre os grupos. Nos diabéticos, o número de vasos tratados (1,6 ± 0,8 vs. 1,4 ± 0,7; P < 0,01) foi maior e o uso de stents de menor calibre (2,9 ± 0,5 mm vs. 3 ± 0,5 mm; P < 0,01) foi mais frequente. Taxa de sucesso do procedimento de 95,5% foi alcançada nos dois grupos. Os desfechos hospitalares não mostraram diferenças quanto à incidência de eventos cardíacos e cerebrovasculares adversos maiores (3,3% vs. 2,8%; P = 0,79), óbito (1% vs. 1,1%; P = 0,90), infarto agudo do miocárdio (2% vs. 2,4%; P = 0,35), acidente vascular cerebral (0,1% em ambos os grupos), e revascularização de emergência (0,3% em ambos os grupos). Hipertensão arterial foi a variável que melhor explicou a ocorrência de eventos cardíacos e cerebrovasculares adversos maiores [odds ratio (OR) 2,68, intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC 95%) 1,13-6,38; P = 0,026). CONCLUSÕES: O diabetes agrega maior complexidade clínica à ICP, sem modificar, entretanto, os desfechos clínicos hospitalares. BACKGROUND: There are few reports available in the literature assessing in-hospital outcomes of diabetic patients undergoing contemporary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Our objective was to assess the acute post-PCI outcomes of a large series of diabetic and non-diabetic patients treated consecutively. METHODS: From August 2006 to February 2012, 6,011 patients were submitted to PCI and were included in Hospital Bandeirantes Registry. The technique and devices for the procedure were chosen by the operators. Clinical outcomes were recorded at the time of hospital discharge. RESULTS: Diabetic patients were older and more often female, with a higher prevalence of comorbidities and risk factors for coronary artery disease, except for smoking. However, most of the characteristics related to lesion complexity did not differ between groups. In diabetics, the number of treated vessels (1.6 ± 0.8 vs. 1.4 ± 0.7; P < 0.01) was higher and the use of smaller stents (2.9 ± 0.5 mm vs. 3 ± 0.5 mm; P < 0,01) was more frequent. Procedural success rate of 95.5% was achieved in both groups. In-hospital outcomes did not differ regarding the incidence of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (3.3% vs. 2.8%; P = 0.79), death (1% vs. 1.1%; P = 0.90), acute myocardial infarction (2% vs. 2.4%; P = 0.35), stroke (0.1% in both groups), and emergency revascularization (0.3% in both groups). Hypertension was the variable that best explained the occurrence of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events [odds ratio (OR) 2.68, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.13-6.38; P = 0.026). CONCLUSIONS: Diabetes adds more clinical complexity to PCI, but has no significant impact on in-hospital outcomes.

INTRODUÇÃO: Os benefícios da utilização de cateteres de aspiração de trombos durante intervenção coronária percutânea (ICP) primária, com obtenção de melhor fluxo coronário e perfusão miocárdica e redução da mortalidade tardia, já estão estabelecidos na literatura. No entanto, seu uso na prática clínica parece não estar aplicado a todos os pacientes. Procuramos saber quais variáveis clínicas e angiográficas têm norteado a indicação desses dispositivos na ICP primária em nosso meio. MÉTODOS: No período de agosto de 2006 a novembro de 2010, 558 pacientes foram submetidos consecutivamente a ICP primária. Em 79 pacientes foram utilizados cateteres de aspiração de trombos (grupo 1), comparativamente a 479 pacientes nos quais esses dispositivos não foram aplicados (grupo 2). RESULTADOS: O grupo 1 apresentou predomínio de sexo masculino, tabagistas, infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM) de maior extensão e lesões trombóticas. O uso de inibidores da glicoproteína IIb/IIIa, da técnica de stent direto e de stents de maior diâmetro e a ocorrência de distúrbios de fluxo coronário transitórios também foram mais frequentes no grupo 1. A taxa de sucesso do procedimento foi alta (93,7% vs. 92,3%; P = 0,4) e similar entre os grupos. Na alta hospitalar, a incidência de eventos cardíacos e cerebrovasculares adversos maiores (6,3% vs. 6,5%; P = 0,6), óbito (5,1% vs. 3,8%; P = 0,58), acidente vascular cerebral (1,3% vs. 0,4%; P = 0,09) e reinfarto (0 vs. 2,3%; P = 0,17) não mostrou diferenças entre os grupos. CONCLUSÕES: Cateteres de aspiração de trombos têm sido utilizados em 15% das ICPs primárias, geralmente nos IAM de maior extensão e com maior carga trombótica. Apesar da maior gravidade clínico-angiográfica desses pacientes, o sucesso do procedimento é alto e semelhante ao dos demais pacientes de menor risco. BACKGROUND: The benefits of using thrombus aspiration catheters during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), to obtain better coronary flow and myocardial perfusion and reducing late mortality are established in the literature. However, in the clinical practice it does not seem to be used for all patients. We tried to determine what clinical and angiographic variables have led to the indication of these devices in primary PCI at our institution. METHODS: From August 2006 to November 2010, 558 patients were consecutively submitted to primary PCI. Thrombus aspiration catheters were used in 79 patients (group 1), who were compared to 479 patients who did not use these devices (group 2). RESULTS: Group 1 showed a prevalence of males, smokers, large acute myocardial infarctions (AMI) and thrombotic lesions. The use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, direct stenting and larger diameter stents and the presence of transient coronary flow disturbances were also more frequent in group 1. Procedure success rate was high (93.7% vs. 92.3%; P = 0.4) and it was similar between groups. At hospital discharge, the incidence of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (6.3% vs. 6.5%; P = 0.6), death (5.1% vs. 3.8%; P = 0.58), stroke (1.3% vs. 0.4%; P = 0.09), reinfarction (0 vs. 2.3%; P = 0.17) was not different between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Thrombus aspiration catheters have been used in 15% of primary PCIs, usually in AMIs with greater extension and thrombotic burden. Despite the more severe clinical-angiographic profile of these patients the success rate is high and similar to that of low-risk patients.

INTRODUÇÃO: Pacientes obesos podem apresentar melhor evolução pós-intervenção coronária percutânea (ICP) quando comparados àqueles com índice de massa corporal (IMC) normal, o chamado "paradoxo da obesidade". Este estudo teve por objetivo verificar se esse paradoxo ocorre em nosso meio. MÉTODOS: Incluímos neste estudo 4.957 pacientes submetidos consecutivamente a ICP. Os pacientes foram classificados em não-obesos (IMC < 30 kg/m²) e obesos (IMC > 30 kg/m²). Eventos cardíacos e cerebrovasculares adversos maiores (ECCAM) foram registrados na alta hospitalar. RESULTADOS: O grupo de obesos apresentou-se três anos mais jovem, com maior prevalência de fatores de risco para doença arterial coronária, à exceção do tabagismo. A apresentação clínica foi semelhante, prevalecendo os quadros clínicos estáveis. Predominaram os pacientes com acometimento uniarterial, as características de complexidade das lesões não diferiram entre os grupos, à exceção de lesões calcificadas, e a disfunção ventricular esquerda foi menos frequente no grupo de obesos. O diâmetro e a extensão dos stents utilizados foram semelhantes entre os grupos. A taxa de sucesso do procedimento foi alta e similar para obesos e não-obesos. Na alta hospitalar, a incidência de ECCAM (2,5% vs. 2,7%; P = 0,76), óbito hospitalar (1% vs. 1,1%; P = 0,88), acidente vascular cerebral (0,1% vs. 0,1%; P = 0,79), infarto agudo do miocárdio (1,6% vs. 1,8%; P = 0,74) e revascularização miocárdica de emergência (0 vs. 0,1%; P = 0,35) não mostrou diferenças entre os grupos. Idade, diabetes, hipertensão e lesões tipo B2/C foram as variáveis que melhor explicaram a presença de ECCAM. CONCLUSÕES: Em pacientes portadores de doença arterial coronária e submetidos a ICP, o IMC > 30 kg/m² não influenciou o risco de eventos clínicos hospitalares relacionados ao procedimento. BACKGROUND: Obese patients may have better outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) compared to those with normal body mass index (BMI), the so-called "obesity paradox". This study was aimed at evaluating whether this paradox is observed in our country. METHODS: This study included 4,957 consecutive patients submitted to PCI. Patients were classified as non-obese (BMI < 30 kg/m²) and obese (BMI > 30 kg/m²). Major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) were recorded at hospital discharge. RESULTS: The obese group was three years younger, with a higher prevalence of risk factors for coronary artery disease, except for smoking. Clinical presentation was similar, with a predominance of stable coronary patients. Single vessel disease was the most frequent finding and the complexity of the lesions was not different between groups, except for calcified lesions, and left ventricular dysfunction was less frequent in the obese group. Stent diameter and length were similar between groups. Procedure success rate was high and similar for obese and non-obese patients. At hospital discharge, the incidence of MACCE (2.5% vs. 2.7%; P = 0.76), in-hospital death (1% vs. 1.1%; P = 0.88), stroke (0.1% vs. 0.1%; P = 0.79), acute myocardial infarction (1.6% vs. 1.8%; P = 0.74) and emergency CABG (0 vs. 0.1%; P = 0.35) was not different between groups. Age, diabetes, hypertension and type B2/C lesions were the variables that best explained MACCE. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with coronary artery disease undergoing PCI, BMI > 30 kg/m² did not influence the risk of procedure-related in-hospital clinical events.

INTRODUÇÃO: Mulheres com infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM) evoluem com maior mortalidade que os homens. A intervenção coronária percutânea (ICP) primária tem papel fundamental na redução da mortalidade no IAM. Buscou-se saber se há diferenças nos resultados hospitalares da ICP primária entre mulheres e homens. MÉTODOS: Entre janeiro de 2002 e outubro de 2008, foram realizadas 428 ICPs primárias, das quais 125 (29,2%) em pacientes do sexo feminino. A técnica e a escolha do material durante o procedimento ficaram a cargo dos operadores. Todos os pacientes receberam terapia antiplaquetária dupla pré-procedimento. RESULTADOS: Pacientes do sexo feminino eram mais idosas (65,1 anos vs. 59,2 anos; P < 0,001), apresentando-se mais frequentemente em Killip III/IV (11,2% vs. 3,3%; P = 0,002). O diâmetro dos stents foi menor nas mulheres (3,1 ± 0,4 mm vs. 3,3 ± 0,5 mm; P < 0,001), mas não foram observadas diferenças quanto à extensão desses stents (19,1 ± 6,5 mm vs. 18,7 ± 6,2 mm; P = 0,55), tempo porta-balão (159,4 ± 110,1 minutos vs. 138,9 ± 138,3 minutos; P = 0,19), uso de inibidores da glicoproteína IIb/IIIa (32% vs. 31%; P = 0,58) ou cateteres de aspiração de trombos (10,4% vs. 9,9%; P = 0,65). O sucesso do procedimento foi similar (97,1% vs. 96,7%) e as mulheres tenderam a evoluir com maior chance de óbito (5,6% vs. 2%; P = 0,06) e acidente vascular cerebral (0,8% vs. 0,3%; P = 0,09). A ocorrência de complicações vasculares maiores (6,4% vs. 5,6%; P = 0,49) foi semelhante nos dois sexos. CONCLUSÕES: Neste estudo as mulheres representam um terço dos pacientes submetidos a ICP primária, têm perfil clínico-angiográfico mais complexo e tendência para evoluir com maior chance de eventos cardiovasculares adversos maiores. BACKGROUND: Women with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have higher mortality rates than men. Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) plays a major role in reducing AMI mortality rates. We tried to identify whether there are differences in in-hospital outcomes of primary PCI between women and men. METHODS: From January 2002 and October 2008, 428 primary PCIs were performed, 125 (29.2%) in female patients. The technique and device selection were at the operator's discretion. All of the patients received dual antiplatelet therapy before the procedure. RESULTS: Female patients were older (65.1 years vs. 59.2 years; P < 0.001), and more frequently presented Killip III/IV (11.2% vs. 3.3%; P = 0.002). Stent diameter was smaller in women (3.1 ± 0.4 mm vs. 3.3 ± 0.5 mm; P < 0.001), but there were no differences in stent length (19.1 ± 6.5 mm vs. 18.7 ± 6.2 mm; P = 0.55), door-to-balloon time (159.4 ± 110.1 minutes vs. 138.9 ± 138.3 minutes; P = 0.19), use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors (32% vs. 31%; P = 0.58) or thrombus aspiration catheters (10.4% vs. 9.9%; P = 0.65). Procedure success was similar (97.1% vs. 96.7%) and women had a higher likelihood of death (5.6% vs. 2%; P = 0.06) and stroke (0.8% vs. 0.3%; P = 0.09). Major vascular complications (6.4% vs. 5.6%; P = 0.49) were similar in both genders CONCLUSIONS: In this study women represent a third of the patients undergoing primary PCI, have a more complex clinical-angiographic profile and tend to evolve with a higher probability of major adverse cardiovascular events.

INTRODUÇÃO: O tabagismo é um importante fator de risco aterotrombótico, presente em um terço dos pacientes submetidos a intervenção coronária percutânea (ICP) em nosso serviço. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar o perfil clínico-angiográfico e os resultados do procedimento nessa população. MÉTODO: No período de janeiro de 2002 a outubro de 2009, 5.466 ICPs foram realizadas, sendo 1.745 em pacientes tabagistas e 3.721 em não-tabagistas. Todos os dados foram obtidos prospectivamente e os pacientes foram acompanhados durante a fase hospitalar. RESULTADOS: No grupo de tabagistas, houve predomínio de sexo masculino (75,2% vs. 62,1%; P < 0,001), pacientes mais jovens (56,4 anos vs. 64,5 anos; P < 0,001), infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM) com supradesnivelamento de ST (37,5% vs. 19,5%; P < 0,001), uniarteriais (56,5% vs. 47%; P < 0,001), lesões longas (14,7% vs. 12%; P < 0,001), bifurcações (5,6% vs. 3,9%; P = 0,002), lesões trombóticas (15,4% vs. 9%; P < 0,001) e oclusões totais (18,2% vs. 11,2%; P < 0,001) e maior uso de inibidores IIb/IIIa (2,5% vs. 1,6%; P = 0,04). O sucesso clínico do procedimento (96,5% vs. 96,1%; P = 0,5) bem como a necessidade de revascularização cirúrgica de emergência (0,06% vs. 0,05%; P = 0,22), IAM (0,74% vs. 1,02%; P = 0,32) ou óbito (0,63% vs. 0,73%; P = 0,69) foram semelhantes em ambos os grupos. Os tabagistas, no entanto, demonstraram tendência a evoluir com maior número de acidentes vasculares cerebrais na fase hospitalar (0,11% vs. 0,05%; P = 0,07). CONCLUSÃO: Pacientes tabagistas submetidos a angioplastia coronária são oito anos mais jovens que os não-tabagistas, apresentam-se mais frequentemente com IAM com supradesnivelamento de ST e demonstram maior complexidade angiográfica. A utilização dos modernos recursos tecnológicos iguala os resultados clínicos hospitalares, à exceção do acidente vascular cerebral, que tende a ocorrer em dobro nos tabagistas.

INTRODUÇÃO: O aumento da expectativa de vida da população e o risco de sangramento com o uso de trombolíticos têm permitido que pacientes cada vez mais idosos com infarto agudo do miocárdio sejam tratados pela intervenção coronária percutânea (ICP) primária. Analisamos os resultados hospitalares da ICP primária em pacientes com idade > 80 anos. MÉTODO: No período de janeiro de 2002 a outubro de 2008, foram realizadas 4.788 ICPs, sendo 428 ICPs primárias. Destas, 34 foram em pacientes com idade > 80 anos e 394 em pacientes < 80 anos. RESULTADOS: O sexo feminino (47,1% vs. 27,7%; P = 0,017), a classe funcional Killip IV (11,8% vs. 4,1%; P = 0,002) e o fluxo coronário TIMI 2/3 pré-ICP (60% vs. 44,4%; P = 0,032) foram mais frequentes nos idosos. Tabagismo (44,9% vs. 8%; P < 0,001) e uso de inibidores da glicoproteína IIb/IIIa (32,5% vs. 11,7%; P = 0,04) prevaleceram no grupo < 80 anos. Não ocorreram diferenças significativas quanto ao tempo portabalão (117,4 ± 125,7 minutos vs. 179,3 ± 169,8 minutos; P = 0,095), à taxa de utilização de stents (91,2% vs. 98,2%; P = 0,78), e ao uso de stents farmacológicos (0 vs. 2,8%; P = 0,067) ou de dispositivos de aspiração de trombos (11,7% vs. 12,2; P = 0,65). Não houve diferença quanto à taxa de sucesso angiográfico (97,1% vs. 96,5%; P > 0,99), porém o grupo > 80 anos apresentou mortalidade hospitalar mais elevada (11,8% vs. 2,3%; P = 0,014). Reinfarto, acidente vascular cerebral, complicações vasculares maiores e insuficiência renal aguda foram semelhantes entre os grupos. CONCLUSÃO: A ICP apresenta, em geral, altas taxas de sucesso angiográfico e baixo índice de complicações, reforçando seu papel como método preferencial de reperfusão na fase aguda do infarto do miocárdio. Os pacientes muitos idosos, com mais de 80 anos, apresentam maior mortalidade, possivelmente reflexo da maior comorbidade desse grupo. BACKGROUND: Improvements in life expectancy of the overall population and the risk of bleeding with thrombolytics have enabled very elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction to be treated by primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We analyzed the primary PCI in-hospital results in patients > 80 years of age. METHOD: From January 2002 to October 2008, 4,788 PCIs were performed, of which 428 were primary PCIs. Of these, 34 were performed in patients > 80 years of age and 394 in patients < 80 years of age. RESULTS: Females (47.1% vs. 27.7%; P = 0.017), Killip IV functional class (11.8% vs. 4.1%; P = 0.002) and pre-procedure TIMI 2/3 flow (60% vs. 44.4%; P = 0.032) were more frequent in elderly patients. Smoking (44.9% vs. 8%; P < 0.001) and use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors (32.5% vs. 11.7%; P = 0.04) were prevalent in the group < 80 years of age. There were no significant differences for door-to-balloon time (117.4 ± 125.7 minutes vs. 179.3 ± 169.8 minutes; P = 0.095), use of stents (91.2% vs. 98.2%; P = 0.78), or drug-eluting stents (0 vs. 2.8%; P = 0.067) and thrombus aspiration devices (11.7% vs. 12.2%; P = 0.65). Angiographic success rate was equal between the groups (97.1% vs. 96.5%; P > 0.99), but patients > 80 years old had a higher mortality rate (11.8% vs. 2.3%; P = 0.014). Reinfarction, stroke, major vascular complications and acute renal failure were similar between groups. CONCLUSION: PCI usually presents high angiographic success and low complication rates, reinforcing its role as a method of choice for reperfusion in the acute phase of myocardial infarction. Very elderly patients (> 80 years of age) have higher mortality rates, possibly due to the greater comorbidity in this group.

ResumoIntroduçãoO uso de estatinas previamente à intervenção coronária percutânea (ICP) tem reduzido eventos cardíacos na evolução de curto e longo prazos. Avaliamos o impacto do uso prévio de estatinas nos resultados hospitalares da ICP em pacientes com síndrome coronariana aguda (SCA).Métodos: Análise retrospectiva de registro multicêntrico com 6.288 pacientes submetidos consecutivamente à ICP. Destes, 35% tinham SCA e foram avaliados de acordo com a utilização (Grupo 1, n = 1.203) ou não (Grupo 2, n = 999) de estatinas.ResultadosO Grupo 1 mostrou maior prevalência de dislipidemia, infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM) prévio, procedimentos de revascularização prévios, insuficiência renal crônica, acometimento multiarterial, lesões em bifurcação uso de stents farmacológicos. O Grupo 2 mostrou maior número de ICPs primária e de resgate, classe funcional Killip III/IV, lesões tipo B2/C, trombos, oclusões totais, fluxo TIMI pré 0/1, presença de circulação colateral, uso de inibidores da glicoproteína IIb/IIIa e de cateteres de aspiração. O sucesso da ICP foi maior no Grupo 1 (95,1% vs. 92,5%; p = 0,01), e a ocorrência de eventos cardíacos e cerebrovasculares adversos maiores (ECCAM) (3,7% vs. 5,7%; p = 0,04) foi mais frequente no Grupo 2. Apesar da não utilização de estatina ter apresentado associação com ECCAM na análise univariada, foram preditores independentes de ECCAM hospitalares apenas o IAM em Killip III/IV e a cirurgia de revascularização prévia.ConclusõesPacientes com SCA submetidos à ICP e que estavam em uso prévio de estatinas apresentaram melhores resultados clínicos hospitalares, mas a utilização desses fármacos não foi preditora independente de ECCAM.AbstractBackgroundThe use of statins prior to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has reduced cardiac events in both short and long‐term follow‐up. This study assessed the impact of prior statin use on in‐hospital PCI outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).MethodsRetrospective analysis of a multicenter registry of 6,288 consecutive patients undergoing PCI. Of these, 35% had ACS and were evaluated according to statin use (Group 1, n = 1,203) or no use (Group 2, n = 999).ResultsGroup 1 showed higher prevalence of dyslipidemia, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), previous coronary artery bypass graft, chronic renal failure, multivessel involvement, bifurcation lesions, and use of drug‐eluting stents. Group 2 showed more primary and rescue PCIs, Killip functional class III/IV, B2/C lesions, thrombi, total occlusions, pre‐procedural TIMI 0/1 flow, presence of collateral circulation, and use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors and aspiration catheters. PCI success was higher in Group 1 (95.1% vs. 92.5%; p = 0.01), and the occurrence of major adverse cerebrovascular and cardiac events (MACCE) (3.7% vs. 5.7%) was more frequent in Group 2. Although the non‐use of statins showed an association with MACCE in the univariate analysis, independent predictors of in‐hospital MACCE were limited to AMI in Killip III/IV and prior coronary artery bypass graft.ConclusionsACS patients undergoing PCI who previously used statins had better in‐hospital clinical outcomes; however, statin use was not an independent predictor of MACCE.

BackgroundDifficulties to reach centers that offer primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in a timely manner turn intravenous thrombolysis into the predominant reperfusion mode in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in Brazil. In this scenario, rescue PCI becomes an important therapeutic option for patients who fail reperfusion. We have compared hospital outcomes of these two PCI modalities in STEMI.MethodsBetween August 2006 to October 2012, consecutive patients with STEMI enrolled in the Angiocardio Registry were submitted to primary or rescue PCI. The incidence of in-hospital major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) was compared.ResultsWe evaluated 801 patients undergoing primary (n=599) or rescue PCI (n=202). In the rescue PCI group a lower frequency of thrombi, total occlusions, pre-procedure TIMI 0/1 flow and angiographically detectable collaterals was observed. The use of stents was similar, as well as the procedure success rates (91.7% vs 90.6%; P=0.75). The incidence of MACCE (6.3% vs 6.9%; P=0.89), death (4% vs 4%; P>0.99), stroke (0.3% vs 0; P=0.99) and reinfarction (2.7% vs 3%; P>0.99) was not different between groups. In the multivariate analysis, the presence of dyslipidemia [odds ratio (OR) 2.190, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.14-4.16; P=0.01], Killip class III or IV (OR 7.494, 95% CI 3.90-14.31; P

Background The main healthcare funding systems in Brazil, the public and the private healthcare systems (PuHS and PrHS, respectively), have peculiar characteristics and cover almost all patients referred for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Our objective was to identify population differences and PCI hospital outcomes in patients using both systems. Methods From August 2006 to November 2010, 4,957 consecutive patients were submitted to PCI, 2,802 (56.5%) were from the PuHS and 2,155 from the PrHS. Results Patients from the PuHS were younger, had less education, greater incidence of smoking, prior myocardial infarction (MI), single-vessel disease, left ventricular dysfunction, and received more direct stenting. In the PrHS group, there was more diabetes, dyslipidemia, prior coronary bypass graft surgery (CABG) and PCI, prior stroke, chronic renal failure, ST-segment elevation and non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndromes, restenotic lesions, long lesions, primary PCIs, use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors and drug-eluting stents. PCI success (96% vs. 96,1%; P = 0.87), MI (1.7% vs. 1.8%; P = 0.72), CABG (0.1% vs. 0.2%; P = 0.85), stroke (0.1% vs. 0.1%; P > 0.99) and death (1% vs. 1.2%; P = 0.48) were not different between groups. Conclusions Patients from the PrHS had greater clinical and angiographic complexity than those from the PuHS. However, these differences did not affect the success of the procedure and the rate of in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events.

BackgroundTechnological developments have enabled the expansion of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) indications for more challenging clinical and angiographic scenarios. Our objective was to evaluate the results of PCI in two different periods in the past 6 years.MethodsThis was a multicenter registry including 6,288 consecutive patients treated by PCI, who were divided according to different treatment periods: 2006 to 2008 (P1; n=1,779) and 2009 to 2012 (P2; n=4,509). We intended to compare the rates of in-hospital major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) and identify their predictors.ResultsP2 patients were younger and had a higher prevalence of smoking and diabetes. These patients had a greater rate of multivessel, thrombotic and bifurcation lesions. The number of diseased vessels per patient was higher in the P2 Group, as well as the number of stents per patient, and the use of drug-eluting stents. MACCE was more frequent in P2 patients (2.5% vs. 3.5%; P=0.04), due to periprocedural myocardial infarction (1.7% vs. 2.6%; P=0.05), and there were no differences in terms of death (1.0% vs. 1.0%; P=0.87), stroke (0.2% vs. 0.1%; P=0.47) or emergency coronary artery bypass grafting (0.1% vs. 0; P=0.68). Age (odds ratio – OR – 1.02; 95% confidence interval – CI 95% – 1.00-1.05; P=0.04) and Killip III/IV (OR=6.0, 95% CI; 3.3-10.9; P