264 results on '"Evan L. Flatow"'
Search Results
2. Does humeral fixation technique affect long-term outcomes of total shoulder arthroplasty?
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Troy Li, Kenneth H. Levy, Akiro H. Duey, Akshar V. Patel, Christopher A. White, Carl M. Cirino, Alexis Williams, Kathryn Whitelaw, Dave Shukla, Bradford O. Parsons, Evan L. Flatow, and Paul J. Cagle
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replacement arthroplasty ,shoulder ,press-fit ,cemented ,long-term outcomes ,Orthopedic surgery ,RD701-811 - Abstract
Background For anatomic total arthroscopic repair, cementless humeral fixation has recently gained popularity. However, few studies have compared clinical, radiographic, and patient-reported outcomes between cemented and press-fit humeral fixation, and none have performed follow-up for longer than 5 years. In this study, we compared long-term postoperative outcomes in patients receiving a cemented versus press-fit humeral stem anatomic arthroscopic repair. Methods This study retrospectively analyzed 169 shoulders that required primary anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (aTSA). Shoulders were stratified by humeral stem fixation technique: cementation or press-fit. Data were collected pre- and postoperatively. Primary outcome measures included range of motion, patient reported outcomes, and radiographic measures. Results One hundred thirty-eight cemented humeral stems and 31 press-fit stems were included. Significant improvements in range of motion were seen in all aTSA patients with no significant differences between final cemented and press-fit stems (forward elevation: P=0.12, external rotation: P=0.60, and internal rotation: P=0.77). Patient reported outcome metrics also exhibited sustained improvement through final follow-up. However, at final follow-up, the press-fit stem cohort had significantly better overall scores when compared to the cemented cohort (visual analog score: P=0.04, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeon Score: P
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- 2023
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3. Evaluating the effects of age on the long-term functional outcomes following anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty
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Troy Li, Akiro H. Duey, Christopher A. White, Amit Pujari, Akshar V. Patel, Bashar Zaidat, Christine S. Williams, Alexis Williams, Carl M. Cirino, Dave Shukla, Bradford O. Parsons, Evan L. Flatow, and Paul J. Cagle
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patient reported outcome measures ,aging ,arthroplasty ,shoulder replacement ,Orthopedic surgery ,RD701-811 - Abstract
Background In the past decade, the number of anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (aTSA) procedures has steadily increased. Patients over 65 years of age comprise the vast majority of recipients, and outcomes have been well documented; however, patients are opting for definitive surgical treatment at younger ages.We aim to report on the effects of age on the long-term clinical outcomes following aTSA. Methods Among the patients who underwent TSA, 119 shoulders were retrospectively analyzed. Preoperative and postoperative clinical outcome data were collected. Linear regression analysis (univariate and multivariate) was conducted to evaluate the associations of clinical outcomes with age. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression analyses were performed to evaluate implant survival. Results At final follow-up, patients of all ages undergoing aTSA experienced significant and sustained improvements in all primary outcome measures compared with preoperative values. Based on multivariate analysis, age at the time of surgery was a significant predictor of postoperative outcomes. Excellent implant survival was observed over the course of this study, and Cox regression survival analysis indicated age and sex to not be associated with an increased risk of implant failure. Conclusions When controlling for sex and follow-up duration, older age was associated with significantly better patient-reported outcome measures. Despite this difference, we noted no significant effects on range of motion or implant survival. Level of evidenceIV.
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- 2023
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4. Outcomes for reverse total shoulder arthroplasty patients at an average of 11.6 Years follow-up: A case series
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Christopher A. White, Troy Li, Akshar V. Patel, Bradford O. Parsons, Evan L. Flatow, and Paul J. Cagle
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Shoulder ,Reverse ,Arthroplasty ,Long-term ,Range of motion ,Patient reported outcomes ,Orthopedic surgery ,RD701-811 - Abstract
Background: Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) is a relatively new procedure, only gaining approval in the United States in 2003. For these reasons, we sought to expand upon the breadth of current literature reporting on the long-term outcomes following this increasingly common orthopedic procedure. Case details: An institutional database was utilized to identify patients who underwent rTSA with a minimum postoperative follow-up of ten years. The five patients with the longest follow-up and complete clinical measures were ultimately included. Demographics, patient reported outcomes (Visual Analog Score (VAS), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeon (ASES), Simple Shoulder Test (SST)), range of motion (Forward Elevation, Internal Rotation, External Rotation), and various radiographic measures were subsequently analyzed. The mean follow-up time was 11.6 ± 1.7 years. Patients saw improvements in VAS (pre-op.: 4.8 vs post-op: 3.2), ASES (pre-op.: 38.0 vs post-op: 58.0), SST (pre-op.: 2.6 vs post-op: 5.4), and Forward Elevation (pre-op.: 124° vs post-op: 142°) scores. However, internal and external rotation decreased by two vertebral levels and 14°, respectively. Only one shoulder failed during this follow-up time requiring revision surgery at 5.8 years. The overall survival was 100.0% and 80.0% at five- and ten-years follow-up, respectively, with a predicted implant survival time of 12.8 ± 1.6 years. Conclusion: Despite its relative novelty, rTSA is proving to be a sustainable procedure for patients with regards to pain, shoulder functionality, and implant survival, however, range of motion may not be completely restored. Overall, rTSA acts as a viable option for patients requiring shoulder replacement.
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- 2023
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5. Shoulder hemiarthroplasty for proximal humerus fracture outcomes after more than two decades: A case series
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Andrew A. Palosaari, Christopher A. White, Amit Pujari, Evan L. Flatow, and Paul J. Cagle
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Shoulder hemiarthroplasty ,Fracture ,Shoulder ,Arthroplasty ,Long-term ,Patient-reported outcomes ,Orthopedic surgery ,RD701-811 - Abstract
Background: Proximal humerus fractures can be fixed with shoulder hemiarthroplasty when joint preserving strategies are not feasible. Current literature has explored the outcomes of this intervention with short- and mid-term follow-up showing favorable results. However, since humerus fractures can occur in young individuals, it is important that we understand the long-term outlook of this treatment option. Case details: Five patients who had fractures of the proximal humerus underwent shoulder hemiarthroplasty here. At a average follow-up of 24.5 years, all patients were found to have acceptable patient-reported outcomes sustained range of motion, and no patient required a revision procedure. Patients achieved an average of 50°, T12, and 125° for external rotation, internal rotation, and forward elevation, respectively. American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons, Simple Shoulder Test, Visual Analog Scale scores were 74/100, 8/12, and 2/10 on average, respectively. None of the five patients were found to have infection or wound complications. Radiographs showed that no patient had identifiable humeral lucency or glenohumeral joint inferior or anterior subluxation. Conclusion: Shoulder hemiarthroplasty is a viable surgical intervention for comminuted proximal humeral fractures. Over the long-term (i.e., >20 years), patients can expect sustained improvements in shoulder range of motion and acceptable function.
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- 2023
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6. Anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty outcomes and implant survivability at greater than 22 years postoperative follow-up: A case series
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Christopher A. White, Akiro Duey, Bradford O. Parsons, Evan L. Flatow, and Paul J. Cagle
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Shoulder arthroplasty ,Anatomic ,Long-term ,Range of motion ,Patient reported outcomes ,Implant survival ,Orthopedic surgery ,RD701-811 - Abstract
Background: The modern anatomic shoulder implant has been available for five decades. Multiple short-to mid-term studies have reported favorable outcomes and predicted implant survival rates two decades post operatively. Yet, few studies have characterized the long-term (i.e., >20 years) clinical outcome expectations following shoulder replacement. Case details: In this case series, five patients underwent anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty for severe glenohumeral osteoarthritis with an average follow-up time of 25.4 years. The average postoperative Visual Analog Score, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeon, and Simple Shoulder Test scores were 2.4/10.0, 61.7/100.0, and 7.0/12.0 respectively. Each patient saw improved range of motion outcomes that were at or below reported minimal clinically important differences. Glenoid loosening was present in two patients and humeral lucency was absent in all patients with available radiographic images (n = 4). One shoulder required revision to reverse shoulder arthroplasty due to painful glenoid loosening 20.0 years after their primary anatomic replacement. Implant survival was 80% at 20-years and the mean implant survival time was predicted to be 28.0 ± 1.8 years. Conclusion: Anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty is a viable option for end stage osteoarthritis at long-term follow-up. However, patient expectations need to be curtailed as clinical outcomes will become lower as the implant ages and, subsequently, revision surgery will grow increasingly probable.
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- 2023
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7. Does body mass index influence long-term outcomes after anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty?
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Christopher A. White, Akshar V. Patel, Carl M. Cirino, Kevin C. Wang, Benjamin D. Gross, Bradford O. Parsons, Evan L. Flatow, and Paul J. Cagle
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Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Surgery ,General Medicine - Abstract
As of 2018, upwards of 42% of the United States adult population was considered obese based on Body Mass Index (BMI) scales. With the annual number of total joint replacements increasing, this study aimed to evaluate the impact BMI has on anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (aTSA) outcomes.This was a retrospective analysis of 128 shoulders requiring primary aTSA. Patients were stratified into three cohorts based on their BMI at surgery: under/normal weight (BMI ≤25.0), overweight (BMI25,0 ≤30.0), and obese (BMI30.0). BMI was separately analyzed as a continuous variable. Clinical endpoints were range of motion scores, including forward elevation, external rotation, and internal rotation and patient reported outcomes, including Visual Analog Scale scores, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores, and the Simple Shoulder Test. Survivorship curves were calculated using Kaplan-Meier analysis.44, 50, and 34 patient shoulders were in the under/normal weight (U/NW), overweight, and obese cohorts respectively. The mean follow-up time was 11.4 years. The U/NW cohort had more females (73%) compared to the overweight (34%; p=0.0030) and obese (35%; p=0.0015) groups; no differences were seen in revision rates. BMI was negatively correlated with age at surgery (r = -0.19, p=0.014); it was not correlated with any of the six postoperative clinical endpoints. All three cohorts saw significant improvements in forward elevation, external rotation, internal rotation, VAS, ASES, and SST when compared preoperatively to postoperatively (p0.001). There were no significant differences between the three cohorts with respect to postoperative range of motion. Postoperative ASES scores were higher for the overweight cohort (82.6 ± 18.6) compared to both the U/NW (63.0 ± 25.1) and obese cohorts (70.5 ± 26.8) (p0.001). The overweight cohort also had higher SST (p=0.0012) postoperative scores compared to the U/NW and obese cohorts; VAS scores were comparable between groups (p=0.12). The non-obese (BMI30) group (n=94) showed 5-year, 10-year, and 15-year implant survival of 98.9%, 94.9%, and 83.9%, respectively compared to 97.1%, 93.7%, and 87.0% in the obese (BMI≥30) group (n=34). The log rank test revealed no significant difference in survival curves (p=0.82).To our knowledge, this is the longest follow-up study analyzing clinical endpoints stratified by BMI for aTSA. We saw that patients with a higher BMI required shoulder replacement at a significantly younger age. However, we also report that regardless of BMI all patients saw significant improvements in patient reported outcomes and range of motion scores postoperatively.
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- 2023
8. The impact of tobacco use on clinical outcomes and long-term survivorship after anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty
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Christopher A. White, Akshar V. Patel, Kevin C. Wang, Carl M. Cirino, Bradford O. Parsons, Evan L. Flatow, and Paul J. Cagle
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Orthopedics and Sports Medicine - Published
- 2023
9. A comparison of pegged and keeled glenoid clinical outcomes at long-term follow-up after total shoulder arthroplasty
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Akiro H. Duey, Troy Li, Christopher A. White, Akshar V. Patel, Carl M. Cirino, Bradford O. Parsons, Evan L. Flatow, and Paul J. Cagle
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Orthopedics and Sports Medicine - Published
- 2023
10. Arthroscopic glenoid removal for aseptic loosening in total shoulder arthroplasty
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Paul J. Cagle, Robert L. Brochin, Bradford O. Parsons, Ryley K. Zastrow, Evan L. Flatow, and Akshar V. Patel
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musculoskeletal diseases ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Visual analogue scale ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Radiography ,Elbow ,musculoskeletal system ,Arthroplasty ,Surgery ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Orthopedic surgery ,medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Acromion ,business ,Range of motion ,Greater Tuberosity - Abstract
Background Glenoid loosening is the most common long-term complication of total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) and frequently necessitates revision. Though arthroscopic glenoid removal is an accepted treatment option for glenoid loosening, there is a paucity of outcomes literature available. The purpose of this study was to report the long-term clinical and radiographic outcomes of arthroscopic glenoid removal for failed or loosened glenoid component in TSA. We hypothesized that arthroscopic glenoid removal would produce acceptable clinical and patient-reported outcomes while limiting the need for further revisions. Methods This was a retrospective analysis of 11 consecutive patients undergoing 12 arthroscopic glenoid removals for symptomatic glenoid loosening by a single orthopedic surgeon between March 2005 and March 2018. Indication for arthroscopic glenoid removal included symptomatic glenoid loosening with radiographic evidence of a 1-2 mm radiolucent line around the glenoid. Shoulder range of motion, functionality (American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons, Simple Shoulder Test), and pain (visual analog scale [VAS]) were evaluated. Radiographs were assessed for glenohumeral subluxation, humeral superior migration, and glenohumeral offset following glenoid removal. Results The mean follow-up period since arthroscopic glenoid removal was 55 months (range, 20-172 months). Glenoid component removal significantly reduced forward elevation, with a mean decrease from 147 ± 13° preoperatively to 127 ± 29° postoperatively (P= .031). However, there was no significant change in external rotation (44 ± 9° vs. 43 ± 19°; P= .941) or internal rotation (L4 vs. L4; P= .768). Importantly, glenoid removal significantly decreased VAS pain scores from 7 ± 3 preoperatively to 5 ± 3 postoperatively (P= .037). Additionally, improvement in ASES approached statistical significance, increasing from 33 ± 25 preoperatively to 53 ± 28 postoperatively (P= .055). With regard to radiographic outcomes, there was no evidence of glenohumeral subluxation and humeral superior migration developed in 1 patient. However, there was significant medialization of the greater tuberosity relative to the acromion, with a mean lateral offset of 6 ± 7 mm preoperatively and −2 ± 4 mm postoperatively (P= .002). Two patients required conversion to reverse TSA for persistent pain. There were no complications. Discussion These findings suggest that arthroscopic glenoid removal for symptomatic glenoid loosening is a viable option to improve pain while limiting the need for additional reoperations and decreasing the risks associated with revision arthroplasty. However, continual follow-up to monitor medialization is recommended. Level of Evidence Level IV; Case Series; Treatment Study
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- 2021
11. Mid-term outcomes after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty with latissimus dorsi transfer
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Ryley K. Zastrow, Michael R. Hausman, Akshar V. Patel, Evan L. Flatow, Bradford O. Parsons, Robert L. Brochin, Douglas J Matijakovich, and Paul J. Cagle
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Shoulder ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Rehabilitation ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,medicine.disease ,Arthroplasty ,Surgery ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Tendon transfer ,Arthropathy ,medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Rotator cuff ,Range of motion ,business - Abstract
Background Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty is a common treatment for patients with rotator cuff arthropathy who have failed a prior rotator cuff repair. Latissimus dorsi transfer can be performed simultaneously to reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for patients with preoperative external rotation deficiency. Current literature is limited with several studies providing functional and pain improvements at short-term follow-up; however, there is a deficit in data regarding mid-term outcomes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes following reverse total shoulder arthroplasty with latissimus dorsi transfer with mid-term follow-up. We hypothesized significant improvement in external rotation and shoulder functionality for patients with preoperative external rotation lag. Methods We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent reverse total shoulder arthroplasty with latissimus dorsi transfer. Preoperative and postoperative changes in range of motion were assessed. American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeon Score and the Simple Shoulder Test were used to evaluate changes in shoulder function while pain scores were assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Radiographs were reviewed for rotator cuff arthropathy, fatty infiltration, scapular notching, baseplate loosening, and osteolysis. We reported frequency and mean ± standard deviation for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Means were compared using the paired Student's t-test and proportions using the Chi-square test. Results Fifteen patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean age of the cohort was 71.7 ± 8.4 years (range 51.2–87.8 years) with a mean follow-up of 6.3 ± 4.1 years (range 1.0–14.5 years). Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty with latissimus dorsi transfer improved external rotation (−7 ± 21.3° to 38 ± 15.8°; p value = 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference regarding forward flexion (116.3 ± 45.4° to 133.7 ± 14.7°; p value = 0.17) and internal rotation (T12 to L2; p value = 0.57). The procedure led to an increase in American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeon Score scores (37 ± 19 to 62 ± 22; p = 0.005) and Simple Shoulder Test scores (2 ± 2 to 6 ± 3; p value = 0.001) with a significant reduction in Visual Analog Scale scores (5 ± 3 to 2 ± 3; p value = 0.022). The procedure corrected external rotation lag in 10 patients. Radiographically, rotator cuff arthropathy was found to be grade 3 in two patients, grade 4 A in four patients, grade 4B in eight patients, and grade 5 in one patient. On postoperative imaging, scapular notching was found in six patients (40%). Twelve patients had cortical humeral erosion at the site of the latissimus dorsi transfer. Only one patient experienced a shoulder-related complication which was aseptic baseplate loosening and required a revision reverse total shoulder arthroplasty with allograft. Conclusions In this study, patients undergoing reverse total shoulder arthroplasty with latissimus dorsi transfer experienced improvements in range of motion, functional scores, and pain at mid-term follow-up. The shoulder-related complication rate was low. Level of evidence: IV; Case series.
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- 2021
12. Survivorship of total shoulder arthroplasty vs. hemiarthroplasty for the treatment of avascular necrosis at greater than 10-year follow-up
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Kevin C. Wang, David E. Kantrowitz, Akshar V. Patel, Bradford O. Parsons, Evan L. Flatow, and Paul J. Cagle
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Shoulder Joint ,Osteonecrosis ,Pain ,General Medicine ,Survivorship ,Treatment Outcome ,Arthroplasty, Replacement, Shoulder ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Surgery ,Hemiarthroplasty ,Range of Motion, Articular ,Follow-Up Studies ,Retrospective Studies - Abstract
Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the humeral head is a debilitating pathology that can be managed with an array of treatments depending on disease staging. Humeral head arthroplasty for AVN has demonstrated good short-term improvements in pain and range of motion, but the published long-term outcomes data are limited. The objective of this study was to report long-term survivorship and outcomes for patients undergoing hemiarthroplasty (HA) or total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) for the treatment of AVN of the humeral head.The practice of one fellowship-trained shoulder surgeon was queried for the surgical treatment of AVN of the humeral head via appropriate International Classification of Diseases, Ninth and Tenth Revision, codes. Sixteen shoulders that met inclusion criteria were identified. Demographics included the radiographic stage, age, sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, and body mass index. The primary endpoint was survivorship of the implant. Secondary endpoints were range of motion in forward elevation, internal and external rotation, visual analog scale for pain, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Standardized Shoulder Assessment Form score, and the Simple Shoulder Test score.Of the 16 shoulders included in the study, 10 underwent HA and 6 underwent TSA. The TSA cohort was significantly older (mean 60.5 vs. 44.2, P = .005), with a higher mean ASA score (mean 3.0 vs. 2.13, P = .02) than the HA group. The 10-year survivorship rates were 88.9% for HA and 80% for TSA with no significant difference between groups. Survivorship data were available for a mean 13.0 ± 5.6 years' follow-up in the HA group and 13.8 ± 4.8 years in the TSA group. When compared to one another, the results between HA and TSA only differed in internal rotation, which was statistically significantly improved in the TSA group compared with HA (2.3 ± 2.6 compared with -3.0 ± 5.0, P = .03).The survivorship of both TSA and HA for the treatment of AVN was at least 80% at 10 years. Secondary endpoints, such as range of motion, pain, and shoulder function, improved significantly postoperatively in each cohort and were similar between the 2 groups, except for internal rotation, which had improved significantly more in the TSA group than in HA. Both TSA and HA are viable options for the treatment of AVN, each with durable long-term survival.
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- 2021
13. Regarding 'Platelet-Rich Plasma in Patients With Partial-Thickness Rotator Cuff Tears or Tendinopathy Leads to Significantly Improved Short-Term Pain Relief and Function Compared With Corticosteroid Injection: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial'
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Evan L. Flatow
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medicine.drug_class ,business.industry ,Platelet-Rich Plasma ,Pain ,medicine.disease ,law.invention ,Rotator Cuff Injuries ,Double blind ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Randomized controlled trial ,Double-Blind Method ,law ,Adrenal Cortex Hormones ,Anesthesia ,Platelet-rich plasma ,Tendinopathy ,medicine ,Tears ,Corticosteroid ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,In patient ,Rotator cuff ,business - Published
- 2021
14. Promoting effective tendon healing and remodeling
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Nelly Andarawis-Puri and Evan L. Flatow
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0301 basic medicine ,business.industry ,Regeneration (biology) ,0206 medical engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Degeneration (medical) ,Tendon rupture ,medicine.disease ,Bioinformatics ,020601 biomedical engineering ,Tendon ,Extracellular matrix ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Fatigue loading ,medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Tendinopathy ,business ,Tendon healing - Abstract
Daily activities subject our tendons to accumulation of sub-rupture fatigue injury which can lead to tendon rupture. Consequently, tendinopathies account for over 30% of musculoskeletal consultations. We adopted a multidisciplinary approach to determine the role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the pathogenesis of tendinopathy and impaired healing of ruptured tendons. We have been investigating three main areas: (i) the pathogenesis of tendon degeneration; (ii) approaches to promoting remodeling of sub-rupture fatigue injuries; and the (iii) role of the ECM in promoting scarless tendon healing. In this Kappa Delta Young Investigator award paper, we describe the key discoveries made in each of our three research areas of focus. Briefly, we discovered that sub-rupture fatigue damage can accumulate from just one bout of fatigue loading. Furthermore, any attempt to repair the fatigue damage diminishes as the severity of induced damage increases. We have utilized exercise to develop animal models of exercise-led degeneration and exercise-led repair of sub-rupture fatigue damage injuries, wherein underlying mechanisms can be uncovered, thereby overcoming a major hurdle to development of therapeutics. Since damage accumulation ultimately leads to rupture that is characterized by formation of a mechanically inferior scar, we have used the MRL/MpJ mouse to evaluate the role of the systemic environment and the local tendon environment in driving regeneration to identify new therapeutic pathways to promote scarless healing. Our data suggests that the therapeutic potential of the MRL/MpJ provisional ECM should be further explored as it may harness biological and structural mechanisms to promote scarless healing. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:3115-3124, 2018.
- Published
- 2018
15. BMP-12 treatment of adult mesenchymal stem cells in vitro augments tendon-like tissue formation and defect repair in vivo.
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Jonathan Y Lee, Zuping Zhou, Peter J Taub, Melissa Ramcharan, Yonghui Li, Takintope Akinbiyi, Edward R Maharam, Daniel J Leong, Damien M Laudier, Takuya Ruike, Phillip J Torina, Mone Zaidi, Robert J Majeska, Mitchell B Schaffler, Evan L Flatow, and Hui B Sun
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
We characterized the differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) into tenocyte-like cells in response to bone morphogenetic protein-12 (BMP-12). BM-MSCs were prepared from Sprague-Dawley rats and cultured as monolayers. Recombinant BMP-12 treatment (10 ng/ml) of BM-MSCs for 12 hours in vitro markedly increased expression of the tenocyte lineage markers scleraxis (Scx) and tenomodulin (Tnmd) over 14 days. Treatment with BMP-12 for a further 12-hour period had no additional effect. Colony formation assays revealed that ~80% of treated cells and their progeny were Scx- and Tnmd-positive. BM-MSCs seeded in collagen scaffolds and similarly treated with a single dose of BMP-12 also expressed high levels of Scx and Tnmd, as well as type I collagen and tenascin-c. Furthermore, when the treated BM-MSC-seeded scaffolds were implanted into surgically created tendon defects in vivo, robust formation of tendon-like tissue was observed after 21 days as evidenced by increased cell number, elongation and alignment along the tensile axis, greater matrix deposition and the elevated expression of tendon markers. These results indicate that brief stimulation with BMP-12 in vitro is sufficient to induce BM-MSC differentiation into tenocytes, and that this phenotype is sustained in vivo. This strategy of pretreating BM-MSCs with BMP-12 prior to in vivo transplantation may be useful in MSC-based tendon reconstruction or tissue engineering.
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- 2011
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16. Optimal glenoid fixation requires cement!
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Evan L. Flatow and Victor Olujimi
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Cement ,030222 orthopedics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Glenoid component fixation ,Dentistry ,Cementless fixation ,030229 sport sciences ,Surgery ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Glenoid fixation ,Early results ,Medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,business - Abstract
The choice of cemented versus uncemented glenoid component fixation has generated controversy, but the evidence favors cement. Studies have shown survivorship of cemented all-polyethylene glenoid components of 95% at 10 years and still over 90% at 15 years. Virtually all glenoid with stiff metal backing, especially those that snap-fit to assemble, have had poor results even at early follow-up. Recent designs with either all-polyethylene cementless fixation or using a less-stiff, integrated tantalum backing have promising early results.
- Published
- 2017
17. Lesser tuberosity osteotomy
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Lindsay Hussey-Andersen, Ilan Small, and Evan L. Flatow
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030222 orthopedics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Tenotomy ,030229 sport sciences ,Total shoulder replacement ,Osteotomy ,Surgery ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Direct repair ,medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Lesser Tuberosity ,business - Abstract
After total shoulder replacement, there is a risk of poor function of the subscapularis, which may subsequently affect clinical outcomes. A number of direct repair techniques have been described in order to restore good subscapularis function after surgery. Repair using a lesser tuberosity osteotomy instead of a tenotomy has been shown to be effective.
- Published
- 2018
18. Everything pectoralis major: from repair to transfer
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Laith M. Jazrawi, Michael J. Alaia, Evan L. Flatow, Eric J. Strauss, Kamali Thompson, and Young W. Kwon
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medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Tendon Transfer ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Pectoralis Muscles ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Tendon transfer ,medicine ,Deformity ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Rupture ,030222 orthopedics ,business.industry ,Pectoralis major muscle ,Retrospective cohort study ,030229 sport sciences ,Surgery ,Tendon ,Review article ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Cuff ,medicine.symptom ,Range of motion ,business - Abstract
Background: Pectoralis major ruptures are increasing in incidence primarily due to an increase in awareness, activity level among young males between 20 and 40 years of age, and use of anabolic steroids. Although the majority of pectoralis major ruptures are acute injuries, many chronic ruptures are unrecognized and it is imperative to understand the proper evaluation of these injuries, as well as the appropriate treatment for acute and chronic ruptures.Purpose: Pectoralis major ruptures can lead to deformity and physical disability if left untreated. This review paper discusses both acute and chronic ruptures as well as indications for nonoperative treatment and operative treatment to give the reader the best understanding of this diagnosis and proper management.Methods: A systematic review of the literature was performed using a search of electronic databases. Search terms such as pectoralis major rupture, pectoralis major repair, pectoralis major tendon transfer, and pectoralis major nonoperative treatment were used. Case reports, systematic reviews, prospective and retrospective studies were included to provide a comprehensive review. The only exclusion criteria consisted of studies not published in English. This review article includes the anatomy and biomechanics of the pectoralis major muscle, proper evaluation of the patient, operative and nonoperative treatment of acute and chronic pectoralis major ruptures, and outcomes of the recommended treatment.Conclusion: Nonoperative treatment is indicated for patients with medical comorbidities, older age, incomplete tears, or irreparable damage. Patients treated non-operatively have been shown to lose strength, but regain full range of motion. Patients with surgery before 6 weeks reported better outcomes than patients with surgery between 6 and 8 weeks. The chronicity of the rupture (>8 weeks) increases the likelihood of reconstruction, involving the use of autografts or allografts. Patients treated with delayed repair had significantly better strength, satisfaction, and outcomes than patients with nonoperative treatment. The pectoralis tendon can also be transferred in patients with rotators cuff tears, atrophy, or significant functional limitation. Tendon transfers have been shown to have unpredictable outcomes, but overall satisfactory results.
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- 2019
19. Multiscale mechanisms of tendon fatigue damage progression and severity are strain and cycle dependent
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Patrick M. Muljadi, Stephen J. Ros, Evan L. Flatow, and Nelly Andarawis-Puri
- Subjects
0206 medical engineering ,Biomedical Engineering ,Biophysics ,Strain (injury) ,Fatigue damage ,02 engineering and technology ,Cell morphology ,Article ,law.invention ,High strain ,Tendons ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,law ,medicine ,Extracellular ,Animals ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Fatigue ,Rupture ,Chemistry ,Rehabilitation ,medicine.disease ,020601 biomedical engineering ,Tendon ,Extracellular Matrix ,Rats ,Disease Models, Animal ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Tendinopathy ,Disease Progression ,Collagen ,Stress, Mechanical ,Electron microscope ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Tendinopathies are common chronic injuries that occur when damage accumulation caused by sub-rupture fatigue loading outpaces repair. Studies have linked fatigue loading with various mechanical, structural, and biological changes associated with pathology. However, the multiscale progression of damage accumulation with respect to area, severity and the distinct contributions of strain level and number of cycles has not been fully elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate multiscale mechanisms underlying fatigue damage accumulation and their effect on the cellular environment. Using an in situ model in rat tail tendon (RTT), fatigue loading was applied at various strains and cycle numbers to induce fatigue damage. Pre- and post- fatigue diagnostic mechanical testing, second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging, and transmission electron microscope (TEM) imaging were used to investigate extracellular and cellular damage modes at multiple scales. Fatigue loading at strains at or below 1.0% resulted in no significant changes in SHG damage area or severity and no changes in collagen fibril or cell morphology compared with controls. Fatigue loading at strains above 1.5% resulted in greater mechanical changes correlated with increased damage area measured by SHG and collagenous damage observed by TEM. Increased cycles at high strain further altered mechanical properties, increased structural damage severity (but not area), and altered TEM collagen rupture patterns. Cell morphology was similarly progressively affected with increased strain and cycle number. These damage mechanisms that may trigger degenerative changes characteristic of tendinopathy could be targeted as a part of prevention or therapy.
- Published
- 2019
20. Contributors
- Author
-
Adham A. Abdelfattah, Julie E. Adams, Christopher S. Ahmad, Raj M. Amin, James R. Andrews, John M. Apostolakos, Robert A. Arciero, April D. Armstrong, Robert M. Baltera, Mark E. Baratz, Jonathan Barlow, Louis U. Bigliani, Julie Bishop, Pascal Boileau, Aydin Budeyri, Wayne Z. Burkhead, Paul J. Cagle, James H. Calandruccio, Jake Calcei, R. Bruce Canham, Jue Cao, Neal C. Chen, Kaitlyn Christmas, Tyson Cobb, Mark S. Cohen, Edward V. Craig, Lynn A. Crosby, Alexander B. Dagum, Allen Deutsch, Christopher C. Dodson, Edward Donley, Jason D. Doppelt, Christopher J. Dy, George S.M. Dyer, Benton A. Emblom, Vahid Entezari, Brandon J. Erickson, John M. Erickson, Evan L. Flatow, Christina Freibott, Matthew J. Furey, Leesa M. Galatz, Andrew Green, Jeffrey A. Greenberg, Alicia K. Harrison, Robert U. Hartzler, Taku Hatta, Joseph P. Iannotti, Oduche R. Igboechi, John V. Ingari, Eiji Itoi, Kristopher J. Jones, Jesse B. Jupiter, Nami Kazemi, W. Ben Kibler, Graham J.W. King, Toshio Kitamura, Steven M. Koehler, Zinon T. Kokkalis, Marc S. Kowalsky, Sumant G. Krishnan, John E. Kuhn, Donald H. Lee, William N. Levine, Eddie Y. Lo, Lauren M. MacCormick, Leonard C. Macrina, Chad J. Marion, Jed I. Maslow, Augustus D. Mazzocca, Jesse Alan McCarron, George M. McCluskey, Patrick J. McMahon, Steven W. Meisterling, Mark A. Mighell, Anthony Miniaci, Anand M. Murthi, Surena Namdari, Thomas Naslund, Andrew S. Neviaser, Robert J. Neviaser, Michael J. O’Brien, Stephen J. O’Brien, Jason Old, Victor A. Olujimi, A. Lee Osterman, Georgios N. Panagopoulos, Rick F. Papandrea, Loukia K. Papatheodorou, Ryan A. Paul, William Thomas Payne, Christine C. Piper, Matthew L. Ramsey, Lee M. Reichel, Herbert Resch, Eric T. Ricchetti, David Ring, Chris Roche, Anthony A. Romeo, Melvin Paul Rosenwasser, David S. Ruch, Vikram M. Sampath, Javier E. Sanchez, Michael G. Saper, Felix H. Savoie, Andrew Schannen, Bradley S. Schoch, Robert J. Schoderbek, Aaron Sciascia, William H. Seitz, Jon K. Sekiya, Anup A. Shah, Evan J. Smith, Mia Smucny, David H. Sonnabend, Dean G. Sotereanos, John W. Sperling, Murphy M. Steiner, Scott P. Steinmann, Laura Stoll, Robert J. Strauch, Mark Tauber, Samuel A. Taylor, Richard J. Tosti, Katie B. Vadasdi, Danica D. Vance, Peter S. Vezeridis, Russell F. Warren, Jeffry T. Watson, Neil J. White, Gerald R. Williams, Megan R. Wolf, Scott W. Wolfe, Nobuyuki Yamamoto, Allan A. Young, Bertram Zarins, and Helen Zitkovsky
- Published
- 2019
21. Open Unconstrained Revision Shoulder Arthroplasty
- Author
-
Nami Kazemi, Victor Olujimi, Paul J. Cagle, and Evan L. Flatow
- Subjects
Orthodontics ,Radiographic imaging ,Computer science ,medicine.medical_treatment ,fungi ,medicine ,food and beverages ,Implant ,Prosthesis ,Arthroplasty - Abstract
Revision shoulder arthroplasty using an unconstrained prosthesis can be a difficult procedure without the appropriate preoperative evaluation and planning. A thorough history including investigation into prior surgeries and, if obtainable, radiographic imaging can help elucidate the possible reasons for prosthetic failure. This information can help guide the choice of revision implant and, if needed, obtain the appropriate extraction devices and tools. In this chapter, the authors outline their current algorithm for approaching these often complex cases.
- Published
- 2019
22. Avoiding instability: Getting the glenohumeral version right
- Author
-
Evan L. Flatow and Benjamin Léger-St-Jean
- Subjects
030222 orthopedics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Reverse shoulder ,030229 sport sciences ,medicine.disease ,Arthroplasty ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Shoulder arthritis ,medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Surgery ,business ,Shoulder replacement - Abstract
Many factors play a role in getting a successful outcome after shoulder arthroplasty such as soft-tissue tensioning, component version, and subscapularis healing. This article focuses primarily on component version in both anatomic and reverse shoulder replacement and how it relates to stability, function, and outcome.
- Published
- 2017
23. Top five rules to avoid neurovascular injury during total shoulder arthroplasty
- Author
-
Evan L. Flatow and Victor Olujimi
- Subjects
030222 orthopedics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Surgical approach ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Neurovascular injury ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Physical examination ,030229 sport sciences ,Neurovascular bundle ,Arthroplasty ,Surgery ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Axillary nerve ,Monitoring methods ,business ,Brachial plexus - Abstract
Prevention of neurovascular injuries during approaches for shoulder arthroplasty involves general knowledge of the anatomical course of adjacent neurovascular structures and their proximity to various landmarks. This allows the surgeon to navigate about the shoulder while protecting or circumventing structures known to be at risk during a particular surgical approach. Adjunctive devices and monitoring methods can be helpful in difficult and even routine cases to minimize the incidence of nerve injuries. Most important is a thorough initial physical examination with documentation of neurovascular status, review of prior operative notes, and pursuing additional studies as deemed necessary.
- Published
- 2017
24. A potential new role for myofibroblasts in remodeling of sub-rupture fatigue tendon injuries by exercise
- Author
-
N. Remi Gendron, Matthew J. Anderson, Nelly Andarawis-Puri, Rebecca Bell, and Evan L. Flatow
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Integrins ,Integrin ,Population ,lcsh:Medicine ,Context (language use) ,Apoptosis ,Smad2 Protein ,Fibrillins ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Collagen VI ,Patellar Ligament ,Tendon Injuries ,Internal medicine ,Physical Conditioning, Animal ,Medicine ,Animals ,Smad3 Protein ,lcsh:Science ,education ,Myofibroblasts ,Fatigue ,Rupture ,030222 orthopedics ,education.field_of_study ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,030229 sport sciences ,Tendon ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,biology.protein ,lcsh:Q ,Female ,Collagen ,Stress, Mechanical ,business ,Fibrillin ,Myofibroblast - Abstract
Tendons are ineffective at repairing sub-rupture fatigue injuries. Accordingly, we evaluated whether an exercise protocol that we have previously found to decrease structural damage kinks in fatigue damaged tendons, leads to improvement in mechanical properties. We hypothesized that exercise that promotes repair of fatigue damage will decrease apoptosis and increase the population of myofibroblasts. Rat patellar tendons underwent in vivo fatigue loading for 500 or 7200 cycles. Animals resumed cage activity for 2-weeks, then either remained cage active or began treadmill running until sacrifice at 4- or 10-weeks post-fatigue loading. Exercise following fatigue damage increased the stiffness back towards naïve levels, decreased apoptosis and increased the population of myofibroblasts. Next, proteins associated with inhibition of apoptosis (Collagen VI) or activation of myofibroblast (pSmad 2/3, fibrillin, integrin subunits αV and α5) were evaluated. Data suggests that collagen VI may not be integral to inhibition of apoptosis in this context. Exercise increased pSmad 2/3 and fibrillin in the insertion region for the 7200-cycles group. In addition, exercise decreased integrin αV and increased integrin α5 in fatigue damaged tendons. Data suggests that a decrease in apoptosis and an increase in population of myofibroblasts may be integral to remodeling of fatigue damaged tendons.
- Published
- 2017
25. Tendon basic science: Development, repair, regeneration, and healing
- Author
-
Louis J. Soslowsky, Nelly Andarawis-Puri, and Evan L. Flatow
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Research areas ,Basic science ,Regeneration (biology) ,Injury and repair ,Tendon rupture ,medicine.disease ,Tendon ,Surgery ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Engineering ethics ,Tendinopathy ,Tendon healing - Abstract
Tendinopathy and tendon rupture are common and disabling musculoskeletal conditions. Despite the prevalence of these injuries, a limited number of investigators are conducting fundamental, basic science studies focused on understanding processes governing tendinopathies and tendon healing. Development of effective therapeutics is hindered by the lack of fundamental guiding data on the biology of tendon development, signal transduction, mechanotransduction, and basic mechanisms underlying tendon pathogenesis and healing. To propel much needed progress, the New Frontiers in Tendon Research Conference, co-sponsored by NIAMS/NIH, the Orthopaedic Research Society, and the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, was held to promote exchange of ideas between tendon researchers and basic science experts from outside the tendon field. Discussed research areas that are underdeveloped and represent major hurdles to the progress of the field will be presented in this review. To address some of these outstanding questions, conference discussions and breakout sessions focused on six topic areas (Cell Biology and Mechanics, Functional Extracellular Matrix, Development, Mechano-biology, Scarless Healing, and Mechanisms of Injury and Repair), which are reviewed in this special issue and briefly presented in this review. Review articles in this special issue summarize the progress in the field and identify essential new research directions.
- Published
- 2015
26. Delayed exercise promotes remodeling in sub-rupture fatigue damaged tendons
- Author
-
Evan L. Flatow, M.R. Boniello, Rebecca Bell, Nelly Andarawis-Puri, and N.R. Gendron
- Subjects
Matrix damage ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Decorin ,Fatigue damage ,medicine.disease ,Tendon ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Internal medicine ,Fatigue loading ,Cardiology ,Musculoskeletal injury ,Physical therapy ,Medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Tendinopathy ,business ,Procollagen i - Abstract
Tendinopathy is a common musculoskeletal injury whose treatment is limited by ineffective therapeutic interventions. Previously we have shown that tendons ineffectively repair early sub-rupture fatigue damage. In contrast, physiological exercise has been shown to promote remodeling of healthy tendons but its utility as a therapeutic to promote repair of fatigue damaged tendons remains unknown. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the utility of exercise initiated 1 and 14 days after onset of fatigue damage to promote structural repair in fatigue damaged tendons. We hypothesized that exercise initiated 14 days after fatigue loading would promote remodeling as indicated by a decrease in area of collagen matrix damage, increased procollagen I and decorin, while decreasing proteins indicative of tendinopathy. Rats engaged in 6-week exercise for 30 min/day or 60 min/day starting 1 or 14 days after fatigue loading. Initiating exercise 1-day after onset of fatigue injury led to exacerbation of matrix damage, particularly at the tendon insertion. Initiating exercise 14 days after onset of fatigue injury led to remodeling of damaged regions in the midsubstance and collagen synthesis at the insertion. Physiological exercise applied after the initial biological response to injury has dampened can potentially promote remodeling of damaged tendons.
- Published
- 2015
27. Subscapularis Repair After Shoulder Arthroplasty
- Author
-
Evan L. Flatow, Dave R. Shukla, Paul J. Cagle, and Bradford O. Parsons
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,medicine ,Surgery ,business ,Arthroplasty - Published
- 2015
28. Scaffolds for Tendon and Ligament Repair and Regeneration
- Author
-
Evan L. Flatow, Seena S. Ratcliffe, Anthony Ratcliffe, Paul J. Cagle, Nathaniel A. Dyment, Christopher S. Proctor, and David L. Butler
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Scaffold ,Ligaments ,Tissue Scaffolds ,business.industry ,Regeneration (biology) ,Biomedical Engineering ,musculoskeletal system ,Article ,Surgery ,Tendon ,Tendons ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Tissue scaffolds ,Ligament repair ,Orthopedic surgery ,medicine ,Ligament ,Animals ,Humans ,Regeneration ,Rotator cuff ,business - Abstract
Enhanced tendon and ligament repair would have a major impact on orthopaedic surgery outcomes, resulting in reduced repair failures and repeat surgeries, more rapid return to function, and reduced health care costs. Scaffolds have been used for mechanical and biologic reinforcement of repair and regeneration with mixed results. This review summarizes efforts made using biologic and synthetic scaffolds using rotator cuff and ACL as examples of clinical applications, discusses recent advances that have shown promising clinical outcomes, and provides insight into future therapy.
- Published
- 2015
29. Pegged or keeled glenoid component use: Which is it?
- Author
-
Bradford O. Parsons, Evan L. Flatow, and Leslie Fink Barnes
- Subjects
musculoskeletal diseases ,Orthodontics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Materials science ,technology, industry, and agriculture ,Bone removal ,medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Surgery ,macromolecular substances ,musculoskeletal system ,Glenoid component - Abstract
With variation in glenoid design focused mainly on the backside interface of the component with the glenoid bone, keeled and pegged glenoid components have become the basis for most implants. Keeled implants offer a single, deep anchor for the component, while pegged implants offer stability with less bone removal. There is a trend in multiple studies for decreased radiolucent lines, decreased loosening, and decreased revision rates with pegged components. In-line pegs confer several advantages over out-of-line pegs. Advancements in cementing techniques and glenoid preparation have improved longevity for all types of glenoid implants.
- Published
- 2014
30. Clinical tests for subscapularis integrity: A 'hole' in one?
- Author
-
Evan L. Flatow, Leslie Fink Barnes, and Bradford O. Parsons
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Clinical tests ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Internal rotation ,Physical examination ,Surgery ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,medicine ,Tears ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Physical exam ,Rotator cuff ,Radiology ,Range of motion ,business - Abstract
Thorough physical examination is especially important in the diagnosis of subscapularis tears; given that many tears are missed on MRI evaluation. The belly-press test may be the best test in cases where internal rotation is limited, while the belly-off sign is very sensitive for partial subscapularis tears as long as the external rotators are intact. The internal rotation lag sign, followed by the lift-off test, is the most sensitive test for predicting complete deficiency of the subscapularis when range of motion is not limited.
- Published
- 2014
31. Glenoid Bone Grafting With Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
- Author
-
Evan L. Flatow, Dave R. Shukla, and Paul J. Cagle
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,medicine ,Surgery ,Bone grafting ,business ,Arthroplasty - Published
- 2014
32. Editorial Commentary: Slow and Steady or Quick and Slick: What Really Wins the Race Between Operative Time and Shoulder Surgery Complications?
- Author
-
Evan L. Flatow
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Shoulder arthroscopy ,Shoulder ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Shoulder surgery ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,General surgery ,Arthroscopy ,Operative Time ,030230 surgery ,Length of Stay ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Postoperative Complications ,medicine ,Operating time ,Operative time ,Humans ,Surgical Wound Infection ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,business ,Hospital stay ,Procedure time - Abstract
Studies have shown in many disciplines that longer operative times are correlated with increased complications. Recent research has shown that increased shoulder arthroscopy procedure time is associated with adverse short-term outcomes, especially infections and overnight hospital stay. This may be because longer operating time is a proxy for surgical difficulty or complexity, but it may be that operative time is itself a causative factor. Further study is warranted to see if reducing operative times may not only reduce costs but also improve quality, improving value in both the numerator and denominator.
- Published
- 2017
33. Anatomic landmarks for arthroscopic suprapectoral biceps tenodesis: a cadaveric study
- Author
-
Evan L. Flatow, Paul J. Cagle, Andrew S. Neviaser, Diana C. Patterson, and Bradford O. Parsons
- Subjects
Male ,Shoulder ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Tenotomy ,Tenodesis ,Biceps ,Musculocutaneous nerve ,Tendons ,03 medical and health sciences ,Arthroscopy ,0302 clinical medicine ,Muscle tension ,Bicipital groove ,medicine ,Cadaver ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Transverse humeral ligament ,Muscle, Skeletal ,Aged ,030222 orthopedics ,business.industry ,Shoulder Joint ,030229 sport sciences ,General Medicine ,Anatomy ,Humerus ,Middle Aged ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Musculocutaneous Nerve ,Arm ,Axillary Artery ,Surgery ,Shoulder joint ,Female ,Axillary nerve ,Anatomic Landmarks ,business - Abstract
Background Biceps tenodesis reduces the incidence of Popeye deformity occurring with tenotomy, but pain may occur with tenodesis superior to or within the bicipital groove. Arthroscopic suprapectoral tenodesis is an attractive alternative. The purpose of this study was to establish landmarks for arthroscopic suprapectoral tenodesis and determine the appropriate fixation point to optimize muscle tension. Methods Twelve fresh cadaveric shoulders were dissected. Urethane polymer was injected into the axillary artery. The position of the anterior branch of the axillary nerve was marked. The transverse humeral ligament was split, exposing the biceps (long head of the biceps [LHB]) from its origin to the pectoralis major tendon (PMT). The intra-articular portion was released. Measurements were taken from the proximal tendon to described landmarks. Results The mean length of the intra-articular LHB was 2.53 cm (range, 1.72-3.55 cm). The mean distance from the LHB origin to the inferior lesser tuberosity (LT) was 5.58 cm (range, 4.02-6.87 cm), and that to the superior border of the PMT was 8.46 cm (range, 6.46-10.78 cm). The suprapectoral tenodesis zone (inferior LT to superior PMT) was 2.96 cm (range, 1.54-4.40 cm). In all specimens, a branch of the anterior humeral circumflex arose medial to the LHB and distal to the LT and crossed the suprapectoral zone from medial to lateral at 1.49 ± 0.42 cm proximal to the PMT, approximately at the level of the axillary nerve. The musculocutaneous nerve was on average 3.06 cm (range, 1.86-3.76 cm) from the tenodesis zone. Conclusion A branch of the anterior humeral circumflex is a reliable landmark for identifying the mid-suprapectoral zone. The distance from the proximal LHB tendon to this crossing vessel averaged 6.32 cm in female specimens and 8.28 cm in male specimens. These findings allow appropriate tensioning of the LHB during arthroscopic suprapectoral tenodesis.
- Published
- 2017
34. Glenohumeral Instability
- Author
-
Leslie Fink Barnes, Bradford O. Parsons, Steven B. Lippitt, Evan L. Flatow, and Frederick A. Matsen
- Published
- 2017
35. Contributors
- Author
-
Joseph A. Abboud, Christopher S. Ahmad, John M. Apostolakos, Leslie Fink Barnes, Jan Bartoníček, Carl J. Basamania, Asheesh Bedi, Mohit Bhandari, Kamal I. Bohsali, Pascal Boileau, Aaron J. Bois, John J. Brems, Wayne Z. Burkhead Jr, Curtis Bush, Simon Carter, Michael Codsi, David N. Collins, Ernest U. Conrad, John Conway, Frank A. Cordasco, Matthew F. Dilisio, Xavier A. Duralde, Neal S. ElAttrache, Bassem T. Elhassan, Nathan Evaniew, Peter D. Fabricant, Brian T. Feeley, Evan L. Flatow, John M. Flynn, Albert O. Gee, Guillem Gonzalez-Lomas, Thomas P. Goss, Manny Halpern, Richard J. Han, Patrick D.G. Henry, Laurence D. Higgins, John W. Hinchey, Justin L. Hodgins, Jason E. Hsu, Eiji Itoi, Kirk L. Jensen, Christopher M. Jobe, Herman S. Johal, Natascha Kraus, Thomas Lawrence, George F. LeBus, Mario Lenza, Ofer Levy, Steven B. Lippitt, C. Benjamin Ma, Pierre Mansat, Frederick A. Matsen, Augustus D. Mazzocca, Jesse A. McCarron, Ryan A. Mlynarek, Todd C. Moen, Brent Mollon, Alexa Narzikul, Amit Nathani, Stephen J. O'Brien, Bradford O. Parsons, Scott D. Pennington, Djuro Petkovic, Wesley P. Phipatanakul, Robert H. Quinn, Prem N. Ramkumar, Robin R. Richards, Daniel S. Robertson, Charles A. Rockwood Jr, Markus Scheibel, Adam J. Seidl, Scott P. Steinmann, Samuel A. Taylor, Philip Tirman, I.A. Trail, Andreas Voss, Gilles Walch, Marie E. Walcott, Jon J.P. Warner, Robert W. Westermann, Alex E. White, Michael A. Wirth, Brian R. Wolf, Justin S. Yang, and Joseph D. Zuckerman
- Published
- 2017
36. Development of a mouse model of supraspinatus tendon insertion site healing
- Author
-
Rebecca Bell, Evan L. Flatow, Nelly Andarawis-Puri, Paul J. Cagle, and Peter J. Taub
- Subjects
Surgical repair ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Insertion site ,Anatomy ,musculoskeletal system ,Supraspinatus tendon ,Tendon ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Inbred strain ,medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Rotator cuff ,Tendon tears ,business ,Tendon healing - Abstract
Supraspinatus (SS) tendon tears are common musculoskeletal injuries whose surgical repair exhibits the highest incidence of re-tear of any tendon. Development of therapeutics for improving SS tendon healing is impaired by the lack of a model that allows biological perturbations to identify mechanisms that underlie ineffective healing. The objective of this study was to develop a mouse model of supraspinatus insertion site healing by creating a reproducible SS tendon detachment and surgical repair which can be applied to a wide array of inbred mouse strains and genetic mutants. Anatomical and structural analyses confirmed that the rotator cuff of the mouse is similar to that of human, including the presence of a coracoacromial (CA) arch and an insertion site that exhibits a fibrocartilagenous transition zone. The surgical repair was successfully conducted on seven strains of mice that are commonly used in Orthopaedic Research suggesting that the procedure can be applied to most inbred strains and genetic mutants. The quality of the repair was confirmed with histology through 14 days after surgery in two mouse strains that represent the variation in mouse strains evaluated. The developed mouse model will allow us to investigate mechanisms involved in insertion site healing.
- Published
- 2014
37. Temporal effect of in vivo tendon fatigue loading on the apoptotic response explained in the context of number of fatigue loading cycles and initial damage parameters
- Author
-
Damien M. Laudier, Evan L. Flatow, Nelly Andarawis-Puri, Anaya Philip, and Mitchell B. Schaffler
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Chemistry ,Patellar ligament ,Caspase 3 ,Context (language use) ,medicine.disease_cause ,medicine.disease ,Tendon ,Surgery ,Weight-bearing ,Endocrinology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Apoptosis ,In vivo ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Tendinopathy - Abstract
Accumulation of damage is a leading factor in the development of tendinopathy. Apoptosis has been implicated in tendinopathy, but the biological mechanisms responsible for initiation and progression of these injuries are poorly understood. We assessed the relationship between initial induced damage and apoptotic activity 3 and 7 days after fatigue loading. We hypothesized that greater apoptotic activity (i) will be associated with greater induced damage and higher number of fatigue loading cycles, and (ii) will be higher at 7 than at 3 days after loading. Left patellar tendons were fatigue loaded for either 100 or 7,200 cycles. Diagnostic tests were applied before and after fatigue loading to determine the effect of fatigue loading on hysteresis, elongation, and loading and unloading stiffness (damage parameters). Cleaved Caspase-3 staining was used to identify and calculate the percent apoptosis in the patellar tendon. While no difference in apoptotic activity occurred between the 100 and 7,200 cycle groups, greater apoptotic activity was associated with greater induced damage. Apoptotic activity was higher at 7 than 3 days after loading. We expect that the decreasing number of healthy cells that can repair the induced damage in the tendon predispose it to further injury.
- Published
- 2014
38. Managing glenoid bone loss virtual surgery—A software solution
- Author
-
Evan L. Flatow, Bradford O. Parsons, and Paul J. Cagle
- Subjects
musculoskeletal diseases ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,musculoskeletal system ,Prosthesis ,Arthroplasty ,Imaging data ,Surgery ,Software ,Abnormal morphology ,Medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Glenoid morphology ,Instrumentation (computer programming) ,business ,Cadaveric spasm - Abstract
Inaccurate placement of glenoid prosthesis in shoulder arthroplasty can lead to early loosening, instability, and failure. To address difficult glenoid morphology, patient-specific instrumentation and navigation techniques have been developed. Advanced imaging data has demonstrated utility in preoperative decision making. Cadaveric studies have subsequently shown that the application of advancing imaging and navigation can lead towards increased accuracy with prosthesis placement. Clinical trials have also shown increased accuracy with navigation and advanced imaging, but data demonstrating improved long-term outcomes and decreased complication rates is not yet available. This technology continues to evolve as a method to address glenoid bone loss and abnormal morphology.
- Published
- 2014
39. Proximal humerus fractures should be treated with a reverse shoulder replacement
- Author
-
Bradford O. Parsons, Paul J. Cagle, and Evan L. Flatow
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Proximal humerus ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Reverse shoulder ,medicine.disease ,Arthroplasty ,Surgery ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Older patients ,Arthropathy ,medicine ,Internal fixation ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Rotator cuff ,business - Abstract
Historically, fractures of the proximal humerus not amendable to closed treatment or internal fixation have been treated with hemiarthroplasty. Clinical outcomes following hemiarthroplasty have been variable and difficult to predict. Results are often correlated with increasing age, tuberosity healing, and tuberosity position. Reverse shoulder arthroplasty has demonstrated effectiveness in elderly patients with rotator cuff arthropathy and has been increasingly employed for complex fractures in older patients. Several small trials have compared the reverse arthroplasty and hemiarthroplasty for acute fractures, and reverse shoulder arthroplasty has demonstrated more reproducible results in elderly patients.
- Published
- 2014
40. Four-part fx's in an active 65-year-old: Reverse is not the preferred treatment
- Author
-
Evan L. Flatow and Benjamin Léger-St-Jean
- Subjects
musculoskeletal diseases ,030222 orthopedics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Proximal humerus ,business.industry ,Fracture treatment ,Surgery ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Reverse total shoulder replacement ,business - Abstract
Proximal humerus fracture treatment has evolved considerably in the recent years. Fewer hemiarthroplasties are being done than in the past. The goal of this chapter is to look for alternatives to reverse total shoulder replacement and to consider what is the best treatment for four-part proximal humerus fractures in active and healthy 65 year-old patients.
- Published
- 2018
41. Editorial Commentary: Can We Do Better While Spending Less: How Many Shoulder Rotator Cuff Anchors Are Enough?
- Author
-
Evan L. Flatow
- Subjects
Shoulder ,030222 orthopedics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,030229 sport sciences ,Rotator Cuff Injuries ,Arthroscopy ,Rotator Cuff ,03 medical and health sciences ,Indirect costs ,0302 clinical medicine ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Suture Anchors ,Humans ,Medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Rotator cuff ,business ,health care economics and organizations ,Reduction (orthopedic surgery) ,Suture anchors - Abstract
We have published that shoulder rotator cuff tear is a highly cost-effective procedure, and to continue to improve value, a goal is to contain cost while maintaining or improving outcome. To bend the cost curve, reduction in direct costs (number of suture anchors used) could be a goal, and because rotator cuff repair failures are as much biologic as they are mechanical, the effect of adding anchors to improve outcomes has an obvious limit.
- Published
- 2018
42. Tendon extracellular matrix damage detection and quantification using automated edge detection analysis
- Author
-
Nelly Andarawis-Puri, Stephen J. Ros, and Evan L. Flatow
- Subjects
Tail ,Damage detection ,Biomedical Engineering ,Biophysics ,macromolecular substances ,Fibril ,Models, Biological ,Article ,Collagen Type I ,Edge detection ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,Tendons ,Extracellular matrix ,Tendon Injuries ,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ,medicine ,Animals ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Fatigue ,Chemistry ,Rehabilitation ,Anatomy ,medicine.disease ,Extracellular Matrix ,Rats ,Tendon ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Molecular Response ,Tendinopathy ,Female ,Artifacts ,Algorithms ,Type I collagen ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
The accumulation of sub-rupture tendon fatigue damage in the extracellular matrix, particularly of type I collagen fibrils, is thought to contribute to the development of tendinopathy, a chronic and degenerative pathology of tendons. Quantitative assessment of collagen fibril alignment is paramount to understanding the importance of matrix injury to cellular function and remodeling capabilities. This study presents a novel application of edge detection analysis to calculate local collagen fibril orientation in tendon. This technique incorporates damage segmentation and stratification by severity which will allow future analysis of the direct effect of matrix damage severity on the cellular and molecular response.
- Published
- 2013
43. Cost-benefit analysis of routine pathology examination in primary shoulder arthroplasty
- Author
-
Andy L. Chang, Matthew J. Hartwell, Daniel Howard, Leesa M. Galatz, Bradford O. Parsons, Namdar Kazemi, Jashvant Poeran, William J. Rubenstein, Evan L. Flatow, and Jeremy D. Podolnick
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Cost-Benefit Analysis ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Shoulder arthritis ,medicine ,Pathology ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,In patient ,Medical diagnosis ,Pathology Examination ,health care economics and organizations ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,Aged, 80 and over ,030222 orthopedics ,Cost–benefit analysis ,business.industry ,Shoulder Joint ,General surgery ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Arthroplasty ,Surgery ,Pathology diagnosis ,Arthroplasty, Replacement, Shoulder ,Humeral Head ,Female ,Joint Diseases ,business ,Biceps tendon ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Background The annual number of shoulder arthroplasty procedures is continuing to increase. Specimens from shoulder arthroplasty cases are routinely sent for pathologic examination. This study sought to evaluate the clinical utility and associated costs of routine pathologic examination of tissue removed during primary shoulder arthroplasty cases and to determine cost-effectiveness of this practice. Methods This is a retrospective review of primary shoulder arthroplasty cases. Patients whose humeral head was sent for routine pathologic examination were included. Cases were determined to have concordant, discrepant, or discordant diagnoses based on preoperative/postoperative diagnosis and pathology diagnosis. Costs were estimated in 2015 U.S. dollars, and cost-effectiveness was determined by the cost per discrepant diagnosis and cost per discordant diagnosis. Results We identified 714 cases of primary shoulder arthroplasty in 646 patients who met inclusion criteria. The prevalence of concordant diagnoses was 94.1%, the prevalence of discrepant diagnoses was 5.9%, and no cases had discordant diagnoses. There were 172 cases that had biceps tendon specimens sent for pathology examination, and none led to a change in patient care. Total estimated costs were $77,309.34 in 2015 U.S. dollars. Cost per discrepant diagnosis for humeral head specimens was $1424.09, and cost per discordant diagnosis is at least $59,811.78. Discussion/Conclusion Primary shoulder arthroplasty has a high rate of concordant diagnosis. Discrepant diagnoses were 5.9% in our study, and there were no discordant diagnoses. This study showed limited clinical utility in routinely sending specimens from primary shoulder arthroplasty cases for pathology examination, and calculation using a traditional life-year value of $50,000 showed that the standard for cost-effectiveness is not met.
- Published
- 2016
44. Isolated Teres Major Rupture: A case report with a suggested dedicated imaging protocol and review of the literature
- Author
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Darren Fitzpatrick, Paul J. Cagle, and Evan L. Flatow
- Subjects
Male ,Rupture ,030222 orthopedics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Teres major muscle ,Middle Aged ,Muscle damage ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,Surgery ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Musculoskeletal Radiology ,Athletic Injuries ,Humans ,Medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Range of Motion, Articular ,Shoulder Injuries ,business ,Teres major ,Physical Therapy Modalities - Abstract
Isolated injuries to the teres major muscle occur in competitive sporting activities such as baseball pitching, hockey and tennis. We report a similar event of a physically fit man sustaining an isolated teres major rupture while waterskiing. Non-operative management was chosen, with pain resolution and no appreciable functional limitations at follow up. Because teres major muscle injury was suspected at the time of imaging, we present a dedicated imaging protocol to optimize assessment for teres major injury.
- Published
- 2016
45. Classification of Proximal Humerus Fractures
- Author
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Evan L. Flatow, Yassamin Hazrati, and Steven Klepps
- Subjects
Proximal humerus ,business.industry ,Medicine ,Anatomy ,business - Published
- 2016
46. Glenoid Component Design and Fixation in Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
- Author
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Evan L. Flatow and Daniel L. Aaron
- Subjects
musculoskeletal diseases ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Persistent pain ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Dentistry ,Osteoarthritis ,musculoskeletal system ,medicine.disease ,Arthroplasty ,Glenoid component ,Surgery ,Fixation (surgical) ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Shoulder joint ,business - Abstract
Glenoid component loosening is one of the most common complications of total shoulder arthroplasty. It accounts for poor functional outcome, persistent pain, and increased chance of reoperation. Many factors contribute to this phenomenon, including limited glenoid bone, especially in the setting of erosion characteristic of osteoarthritis and inflammatory arthropathies, and joint-reactive forces inherent to the shoulder joint. A great deal of research has been done in the areas of component design and implantation technique. We advocate careful glenoid preparation and pressurized cementing technique of all-polyethylene pegged or keeled glenoid components with specialized instrumentation in the majority of cases. We have narrower indications for newer, ingrowth tantalum components.
- Published
- 2012
47. The 15° face-changing acetabular component for treatment of osteoarthritis secondary to developmental dysplasia of the hip
- Author
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Robert Z. Tashjian, Joseph P. Iannotti, Kristy L. Weber, Ken Yamaguchi, Robert T. Burks, Kevin Boyer, Richard McGowan, Evan L. Flatow, Janet L. Wies, Patrick Sluka, Andrew Green, Charles M. Turkelson, William C. Watters, Laura Raymond, Robert A. Pedowitz, Justin St Andre, Bruce S. Miller, and Christopher S. Ahmad
- Subjects
musculoskeletal diseases ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ,Dentistry ,Osteoarthritis ,Prosthesis Design ,Osteoarthritis, Hip ,Bearing surface ,medicine ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,In patient ,Rotator cuff ,Cementation ,Hip Dislocation, Congenital ,Angle of inclination ,business.industry ,Acetabulum ,Guideline ,equipment and supplies ,medicine.disease ,Surgery ,Radiography ,Clinical Practice ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Acetabular component ,Hip Prosthesis ,business - Abstract
We report the use of a 15° face-changing cementless acetabular component in patients undergoing total hip replacement for osteoarthritis secondary to developmental dysplasia of the hip. The rationale behind its design and the surgical technique used for its implantation are described. It is distinctly different from a standard cementless hemispherical component as it is designed to position the bearing surface at the optimal angle of inclination, that is, < 45°, while maximising the cover of the component by host bone.
- Published
- 2012
48. Molecular response of the patellar tendon to fatigue loading explained in the context of the initial induced damage and number of fatigue loading cycles
- Author
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Karl J. Jepsen, Hui B. Sun, Evan L. Flatow, Jedd B. Sereysky, and Nelly Andarawis-Puri
- Subjects
Context (language use) ,Article ,Collagen Type I ,Patellar Ligament ,Matrix Metalloproteinase 14 ,medicine ,Animals ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Fatigue ,Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 ,Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 ,Chemistry ,Patellar ligament ,Biomechanics ,Stiffness ,Anatomy ,musculoskeletal system ,medicine.disease ,Biomechanical Phenomena ,Rats ,Up-Regulation ,Tendon ,Disease Models, Animal ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ,Molecular Response ,Tendinopathy ,Biophysics ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Elongation ,Collagen Type V - Abstract
Accumulation of sub-rupture fatigue damage has been implicated in the development of tendinopathy. We previously developed an in vivo model of damage accumulation using the rat patellar tendon. Our model allows us to control the input loading parameters to induce fatigue damage in the tendon. Despite this precise control, the resulting induced damage could vary among animals because of differences in size or strength among their patellar tendons. In this study, we used number of applied cycles and initial (day-0) parameters that are indicative of induced damage to assess the molecular response 7 days after fatigue loading. We hypothesized that day-0 hysteresis, elongation, and stiffness of the loading and unloading load-displacement curves would be predictive of the 7-day molecular response. Results showed correlations between the 7-day molecular response and both day-0 elongation and unloading stiffness. Additionally, loading resulted in upregulation of several extracellular matrix genes that suggest adaptation; however, several of these genes (Col-I, -XII, MMP 2, and TIMP 3) shut down after a high level of damage was induced. We showed that evaluating the 7-day molecular profile in light of day-0 elongation provides important insight that is lost from comparing number of fatigue loading cycles only. Our data showed that loading generally results in an adaptive response. However, the tendon's ability to effectively respond deteriorates as greater damage is induced.
- Published
- 2012
49. Structural and mechanical effects of in vivo fatigue damage induction on murine tendon
- Author
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Karl J. Jepsen, Nelly Andarawis-Puri, Evan L. Flatow, and Jedd B. Sereysky
- Subjects
musculoskeletal diseases ,Chemistry ,Stiffness ,Strain (injury) ,Fatigue damage ,Hindlimb ,musculoskeletal system ,medicine.disease ,medicine.disease_cause ,Tendon ,Weight-bearing ,Mouse Tendon ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,In vivo ,medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,medicine.symptom ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop and validate an in vivo mouse model of tendon fatigue and use this model to investigate and quantify the physical manifestations of fatigue damage in mouse tendon. Patellar tendons of C57BL/6J mice were fatigue loaded at 2 Hz to three endpoints (4 N peak force per cycle for 1 h, 6 N for 1 h, and 4 N for 2 h), during which hysteresis, tangent stiffness, and peak strain of each cycle were measured. Damage accumulation was then quantified using in situ histology, and each tendon was loaded monotonically to failure. Histological damage increased significantly in all three groups (≥2-fold), and monotonic stiffness decreased significantly in the 6 N, 1 h and 4 N, 2-h groups (~25%), suggesting that damage initially manifests as changes to the collagen structure of the tendon and subsequently as changes to the function. For the fatigue loading protocols used in this study, none of the evaluated real-time parameters from fatigue loading correlated with damage area fraction measured structural damage or monotonic stiffness, suggesting that they are not suited to serve as proxies for damage accumulation. In future studies, this model will be used to compare the biological response of mouse tendon to fatigue damage across genetic strains.
- Published
- 2011
50. Subacromial Impingement Syndrome
- Author
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Alicia K. Harrison and Evan L. Flatow
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Subacromial bursitis ,Physical examination ,Extrinsic compression ,Injections, Intra-Articular ,Shoulder Pain ,Subacromial impingement ,medicine ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Rotator cuff ,Glucocorticoids ,Physical Examination ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Rotator cuff injury ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Surgery ,Treatment Outcome ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Debridement ,Shoulder Impingement Syndrome ,Etiology ,Tears ,business - Abstract
Subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS) represents a spectrum of pathology ranging from subacromial bursitis to rotator cuff tendinopathy and full-thickness rotator cuff tears. The relationship between subacromial impingement and rotator cuff disease in the etiology of rotator cuff injury is a matter of debate. Both extrinsic compression and intrinsic degeneration may play a role. Management includes physical therapy, injections, and, for some patients, surgery. There remains a need for high-quality studies of the pathology, etiology, and management of SIS.
- Published
- 2011
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