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3 results on '"Eva Johanna Horchler"'

1. Engine performance and emissions from fuels containing nitrogen and sulphur

Author

Farah Obeid, Thuy Chu Van, Eva Johanna Horchler, Yi Guo, Puneet Verma, Branka Miljevic, Richard J. Brown, Zoran Ristovski, Timothy Bodisco, and Thomas Rainey

Subjects
Nitrogen, Sulphur, Algae HTL biocrude, Engine performance, Engine emissions, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040
Abstract

Surrogate fuels for hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) algae biocrude depicting its nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) content were simulated in this study and tested in a multi-cylinder diesel engine. The influence of N and S presence in the fuel on its combustion behaviour and emissions profile was investigated. To our knowledge, N and S-containing fuels in reference to HTL algae biocrude, have not been reported in an internal combustion engine in the literature, which is the unique and novelty of the current work. The presence of N and S in the fuel affected its physical properties. The density of the surrogate fuel was slightly higher than that of diesel, while viscosity, in general, was maintained. The flash point of the N and S-fuel was reduced in the presence of N. N had a stronger effect than S in reducing the lower heating value (LHV) of the surrogate fuel than that of diesel. Compared to diesel, emissions of both carbon monoxide (CO) and unburned hydrocarbons (HC) were lower for N and S-containing fuels. Increasing nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) emissions were observed with increasing N and S content, respectively, in the fuels. A significant increase in particle mass (PM) emissions was observed at high concentrations of N (4.5 wt%) and S (0.2–0.4 wt%). Such values of S are found in some off-road and marine applications. Therefore, HTL biofuel can be a low-sulphur alternative fuel for shipping industry because its fuel properties similar to that of bunker fuel.

Published
2022
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2. Secondary organic aerosol formation in a smog chamber using ambient urban air as a matrix component

Author

Eva Johanna Horchler

Abstract

In urban environments, a significant portion of atmospheric aerosols are of organic composition with the secondary organic aerosol (SOA) fraction being one of the most important but least understood. This work examines SOA production in a smog chamber using a-pinene and isoprene as biogenic precursors and particle-free ambient urban air as anthropogenic emissions. The observations revealed that the SOA formation is controlled by the components present in the matrix and a-pinene or isoprene affect the reaction processes in such a way that the SOA concentration is either increased or decreased.

Published
2022

3. Engine performance and emissions of high nitrogen-containing fuels

Author

Puneet Verma, Farah Obeid, Thuy Chu Van, Branka Miljevic, Yi Guo, Thomas J. Rainey, Eva Johanna Horchler, Timothy A. Bodisco, Richard J. C. Brown, and Zoran Ristovski

Subjects
Biodiesel, 020209 energy, General Chemical Engineering, Organic Chemistry, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, 02 engineering and technology, Diesel engine, Combustion, Hydrothermal liquefaction, Diesel fuel, Fuel Technology, 020401 chemical engineering, Biofuel, Environmental chemistry, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Environmental science, Heat of combustion, 0204 chemical engineering, NOx
Abstract

Nitrogen (N) content in algae hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) biocrude is high (5–8 wt%) and generally presumed to result in high NOx emissions during combustion. However, to our knowledge a very limited previous work on diesel engine performance and emissions of N-containing fuels. In order to investigate this issue, pyridine, an N-heterocyclic compound commonly found in algae biocrude, was blended with diesel fuel. This study investigated the influence of N in fuels, using a surrogate fuel to simulate algal biocrude, to determine the combustion behavior and emissions profile of an industrial multi-cylinder diesel engine. The presence of N in the fuel affected its physical properties. Density was slightly higher than neat diesel, while the viscosity, the flash point and the higher heating value (HHV) of the N-containing fuels reduced with increasing N content. The flash point of N-containing fuels were reduced, which affects the storage and transportation of the fuel. The engine load between 25 and 75% was observed to have an effect on engine performance parameters. Compared to diesel, N-containing fuels emitted both lower carbon monoxide (CO) and unburned hydrocarbons (HC). Increasing nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions were observed with increasing N content in the fuels. At 50% and 75% loads, NOx emissions from N0.1 (0.1 wt% N), N0.5 (0.5 wt% N) and N2 (2 wt% N) were lower than for EUROIII. Particulate matter (PM) was lower for N-containing fuels compared to diesel fuel except for N0.1.

Published
2020

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