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The nominate subgenus Pediopsoides (Pediopsoides) Matsumura, 1912 is widely distributed in the Oriental region but has high species diversity only in southern China. The present paper describes and illustrates six new species of Pediopsoides (Pediopsoides) namely, P. (P.) ailaoshanensis Li & Dai, sp. nov., P. (P.) quadrispinosus Li & Dai, sp. nov., P. (P.) flavus Li & Dai, sp. nov., and P. (P.) pianmaensis Li & Dai, sp. nov. all collected in Yunnan Province, southwestern China, P. (P.) maoershanensis Li & Dai, sp. nov., found in Guangxi Autonomous Region, southern China, and P. (P.) huangi Li & Dai sp. nov., from Taiwan, previously incorrectly recorded as a new name by Li & Dai, 2018 in Dai et al. 2018: 203 for P. (P.) femorata Huang & Viraktamath, 1993 (nec Pediopsis femorata Hamilton, 1980). Two new junior synonyms of Sispocnis Anufriev, 1967 are proposed, i.e., Digitalis Liu & Zhang, 2002, syn. nov. and Neosispocnis Dmitriev, 2020, syn. nov.

Two new species of the leafhopper genus Idioscopus Baker are described from China: Idioscopus bihamulussp. nov. and I. ventrispinussp. nov., the latter recorded on a species of Myrica L. (Myricaceae) as its host plant. A key and checklist to species of the genus from China are provided and Idioscopus taiwanus Huang & Maldonado-Capriles, 1992 is placed as a junior synonym of Idioscopus clypealis (Lethierry, 1889), syn. nov.

Two new leafhopper species of Pediopsis Burmeister, Pediopsis albopicta Li & Dai, sp. nov. from Hunan and Guizhou provinces of central China and Pediopsis pianmaensis Li & Dai, sp. nov. from Yunnan Province of southwestern China, are described and illustrated. Ambiguity in the original description of P. bannaensis Yang & Zhang is discussed, and figures of the female holotype of P. femorata Hamilton are provided for the first time. A checklist and key to Chinese species of Pediopsis are also given.

Three new species of the leafhopper genus Idioscopus Baker, 1915 from China: I. furcaprocessus sp. nov., I. longiprocessus sp. nov., and I. serratastylus sp. nov. are described and photographed based on specimens collected in Yunnan Province of southern China. These three new species can be recognised mainly by the coloration and male genitalia.

Balcanocerus stellatus new species, occurring on Prunus (Amygdalus) dulcis (Mill.) D. A. Webb, is described from Elazig Province, Turkey. Balcanocerus amygdali (Korolevskaya, 1968) and B. amygdalicolus Dlabola, 1994 are reported for the first time from Turkmenistan, which are the first records for these species other than the type localities, and new records are provided for Balcanocerus balcanicus (Horvath, 1903) from Elazig Province. A key to the males of the Palaearctic species of the genus Balcanocerus Maldonado-Capriles, 1971 is provided.

The leafhopper subgenus Pediopsoides (Sispocnis) Anufriev, 1967 is reviewed and the type species is fixed asBythoscopuskogotensisMatsumura, 1912. Six valid species of the subgenus are recognized including two new species described and illustrated here, Pediopsoides (Sispocnis) rectus Li, Li & Dai,sp. nov.and P. (S.) triangulus Li, Li & Dai,sp. nov.from Sichuan Province of Southwestern China. Additionally P. (S.) heterodigitatus Dai & Zhang, 2009 is proposed as a junior synonym of P. (S.) aomians (Kuoh, 1981) based on examination of many specimens. A key to species of the subgenus is also provided for identification.

A new genus of the leafhopper tribe Idiocerini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Eurymelinae) Longiaedeagus gen. nov. with type species Longiaedeagus flavofasciatus sp. nov. from China is described and illustrated. This new genus can be distinguished from other leafhopper genera by the broad style with truncate apex, and aedeagus with a long, unpaired retrorse preapical process.

Three new species, Macropsis dalhousiensis sp. nov. (India: Himachal Pradesh), M. krishna sp. nov. (India: Karnataka) and M. puttarudriahi sp. nov. (India: Arunachal Pradesh) are described and illustrated. M. krishna breeds on Acacia catechu and is actively attended by the ant Camponotus sp. in nymphal and adult stages. A checklist and a revised illustrated key to species of the genus for the Indian subcontinent are also given.

Macropsis aselae Tishechkin sp. n. from Dzhungarsky Alatau Mtn. Range, Southeastern Kazakhstan is described. The synonymy M. iliensis Mityaev, 1971 = M. tuvensis Vilbaste, 1980 syn. n. is established. Descriptions, data on distribution and host plants, and an illustrated key to 20 Macropsis species from Southeastern Kazakhstan are given.

Two new extinct fossil cicadellid taxa from Eocene Baltic amber, representing the subfamily Eurymelinae (sensu lato), are described and illustrated, and their relationships to modern leafhoppers are discussed. Eoidiocerus emarginatus gen. and sp. n. is the oldest known representative of the tribe Idiocerini. The new genus resembles some modern Afrotropical and Indomalayan idiocerine genera but differs in having the gena relatively narrow. Archipedionis obscurus gen. and sp. n., is the first well-preserved fossil representative of Macropsini to be described in detail. Previous reports of this tribe from Baltic amber, while credible, included too little morphological information to assess their relationships. Additional comparative notes are provided for previously described fossil taxa belonging to Idiocerini and Macropsini from the Oligocene of Germany. The new combinations Oncopsis sepultus sepultus (Statz, 1950), comb. n. and Oncopsis sepultus austerus (Statz, 1950), comb. n. are proposed for taxa previously included in Bythoscopus Germar. The previously unplaced cicadellid fossil taxon Priscacutius denticulatus Poinar & Brown, 2018 from mid-Cretaceous Myanmar amber is newly placed in subfamily Signoretiinae, tribe Phlogisini, and represents the oldest known member of this subfamily, the only one known from the fossil record and only the second modern cicadellid subfamily confirmed by direct fossil evidence to have been present during the Cretaceous period.

Seven species of Leafhoppers belong to the tribe: Idiocerini of Subfamily Eurymelinae in Family Cicadellidae, are reported from Sri Lanka based on the field study. Four species of Idioscopus, and each one species of genera Amritotus, Busoniomimus and Jogocerus were described with their distribution in the country. Busoniomimus manjunathi Viraktamath and Viraktamath and Jogocerus freytagiwere described for the first time from Sri Lanka.

Macropsis tincta Tisheсhkin sp. n., M. viridofulgida Tisheсhkin sp. n., M. nikippa Tisheсhkin sp. n., and M. antibia Tisheсhkin sp. n. from the vicinity of Ambo, Ethiopia are described. Redescriptions of M. simplex Jacobi, 1910, M. tuberculata (Linnavuori, 1978), and M. hippodameia Linnavuori, 1978 based on the material from Ambo are given. Apparently, Indian and African Acacia-dwelling Macropsis species represent a separate lineage evolved on Mimosoidea, and dispersed throughout subtropical and tropical regions of the Old World. Acacia-dwelling group of Macropsis demonstrate some morphological trends unknown in Palaearctic species; this makes it necessary to re-evaluate the diagnostic significance of some morphological traits for the taxonomy of Macropsini.

SummaryJumping in a species of Australian gum treehopper was analysed from high speed images. Adults and nymphs of Pauroeurymela amplicincta lived together in groups that were tended by ants, but only adults jumped. The winged adults with a body mass of 23 mg and a body length of 7 mm had some morphological characteristics intermediate between those of their close relatives the leafhoppers (Cicadellidae) and the treehoppers (Membracidae). They, like leafhoppers, lacked the prominent prothoracic helmets of membracid treehoppers, but their large hind coxae were linked by press studs (poppers), that are present in leafhoppers but not treehoppers. The hind legs were only 30-40% longer than the other legs and 67% of body length. They are thus of similar proportions to the hind legs of treehoppers but much shorter than those of most leafhoppers. Jumping was propelled by the hind legs, that moved in the same plane as each other beneath and almost parallel to the longitudinal axis of the body. A jump was preceded by full levation of the coxo-trochanteral joints of the hind legs. In its best jumps, the rapid depression of these joints then accelerated the insect in 1.4 ms to a take-off velocity of 3.8 m s-1 so that it experienced a force of almost 280 g. In 22% of jumps, the wings opened before take-off but did not flap until airborne when the body rotated little in any plane. The energy expended was 170 µJ, the power output was 122 mW, and the force exerted was 64 mN. Such jumps are predicted to propel the insect forwards 1450 mm (200 times body length) and to a height of 430 mm if there is no effect of wind resistance. The power output per mass of jumping muscle far exceeded the maximum active contractile limit of muscle and indicates that a catapult-like action must be used. This eurymelid therefore outperforms both leafhoppers and treehoppers in its faster acceleration and in its higher take-off velocity.

The leafhoppers, or Cicadellidae, constitute one of the largest families of insects in North America and also in tile entire world, rivaling in number of species such groups as the rove beetles, or Staphylinidae, the hymenopterous family Ichneumonidae, and the weevil family Curculionidae. When complete, the Illinois list of leafhoppers will probably be close to 700 species. This report deals with about half of the Illinois leaf hopper species, comprising 16 subfamilies. The other half belongs to the large subfamily Cicadellinae, which is not treated in this report except for a key to the genera. Three hundred thirty species of the subfamilies here treated are recorded from Illinois. Additional species whose range indicates that they might he found in the state with subsequent collecting have been added to the keys for the purpose of giving a more thorough understanding of the Illinois species. Many leafhopper species are economically important, either inflicting direct damage to crops, or transmitting plant diseases. These species are difficult to differentiate from many forms considered to be of little or no economic importance. One of the principal aims of this report is to set forth keys and illustrations for their identification.