Search

In this article, I examine how a territorial imaginary conflating culture, territory, nation, and security allows 'elites of statecraft' in Europe to frame citizenship and integration policy as (inter)national security matters. Focusing on post-Soviet Estonia, I argue that this imaginary legitimized the denial of citizenship to Soviet-era Russian speakers and enabled the government's integration policy objective of creating the 'Estonian cultural domain.' Drawing on historical, archival, and ethnographic research, I demonstrate how the invocation of national security justified these events and how the territorial imaginary structured the making of integration policy from the 1991 reestablishment of independence to E.U. accession in 2004. [state, elites, policy, nation, security]

An overview of demographic issues in the European Union is presented. Statistics reveal that the population of the 15 European Union member countries rose 1mn to 376mn in 1999, compared to the previous year.

The total population for the 15 member countries of the European Union (EU15)is predicted to reach 390 million by the year 2023 but to decline to around 370 million by 2050. It is anticipated the population of the UK will rise from 58.5 million in 1995 to 61.6 million by 2030, before falling to 59.3 million in 2050. Germany's population is predicted to increase from 81.5 million to 84.9 million by 2010 and then decline to decline to 77.1 million by 2050. Some 123.7 million people will be aged over 60 years and 71.3 million will be under 20 years of age by the year 2050 in EU15.

Ethnic discrimination is widespread in the European Community [EC] and is particularly practised against visible minorities. It operates at national borders and with member states and ranges from racist immigration legislation, through institutionalized discrimination, to physical assaults and murders. The completion of the single internal market in January 1993 stressed financial and trade factors at the expense of human rights. This encouraged the development of policies that impact adversely on people of ethnic minority status, particularly those who are black, whether EC citizens or third-country nationals. The Maastricht Treaty of December 1991 on economic and monetary union [EMU] establishes deflation as a continent-wide project. This will result in diminished growth and high unemployment, as well as in significant cuts in social welfare provision. Under the terms of the Maastricht Treaty, individual member states are prohibited from implementing policies that could counter the adverse effects of deflation. This could result in a level of voter dissatisfaction, leading to support for extreme-right political parties proposing more radical measures than mainstream parties. This article analyses the relationship between EC electoral support for such parties and high unemployment and discusses the potential exacerbation of racism that could result from the economic consequences of the Maastricht Treaty.

Two Directives have been adopted in a bid to facilitate the international comparison of census statistics by synchronising the taking of general population censuses in European Community (EC) countries. The Directive covering the 1990-91 round of censuses takes into account the difficulties experienced by some countries in implementing the Directive for the 1981 round of censuses. While nine EC countries held conventional censuses in 1990-91, the micro census held in the Federal Republic of Germany covered just 1% of the population.

Population statistics for the UK and its constituent countries and for selected countries worldwide are presented. Population figures covering the period between 1966 and 1990 with associated breakdowns in terms of age, sex and marital status are included together with projected population figures for the period 1996-2011 and data on population changes, live birth rates and death rates.

Among the EU's member states, the highest percentage of foreign citizens in the population was found in Luxembourg (43% of the total population), followed by Latvia (18%), Estonia (17%), Cyprus [...]

A study was conducted to examine migration forecasts. In the European Union (EU), these forecasts are often made upon requests form mass-migration-fearing policy makers. It is argued that orderly aesthetic assumptions do not correspond with disorganized real migration dynamics in the EU, which are circulatory and temporary.

The demographic situation in the European Union (EU), comparing it with the world situation and 25 other European countries is described. Statistical data like population change, population structure and population composition is examined.

Research into the institutional tensions and ambiguities associated with international population flows, and connected policy issues, within the European Union gives an insight into the global/national tension mentioned in much of the globalization literature. This research has also sought to establish how 'post-national' Europe really is. To the extent that multi-state collaboration has been established, it is through intergovernmental meetings operating on the basis of national sovereignty. If sovereignty were to be superseded with regard to migration, there would still be an European Union committed to the exclusion of all migrants except the more wealthy.