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L’enjeu de l’engagement des dirigeants de PME dans la Responsabilite Sociale de l’Entreprise (RSE) est croissant. Non seulement les PME representent une part importante de l’economie mondiale, mais elles ont egalement des impacts majeurs en termes environnemental, social et vis-a-vis des communautes dans lesquelles elles s’inserent. Et le plus souvent, les pratiques responsables dans les PME sont impulsees par les dirigeants. Ces constats conduisent a s’interroger sur l’impact des caracteristiques des dirigeants sur le developpement de pratiques responsables. Les recherches qui observent l’engagement responsable des dirigeants sont rares et etudient davantage les intentions que les pratiques. Pour repondre a ces lacunes, une recherche empirique aupres de 212 dirigeants francais et canadiens s’est interessee a deux categories de variables, l’une de nature intrinseque representee par l’âge et le sexe, et l’autre de nature extrinseque renvoyant au niveau de formation et a des actions de sensibilisation a l’environnement. Les resultats montrent que si le sexe n’impacte pas les pratiques responsables, le niveau de formation et surtout les actions de sensibilisation sont significativement influentes. L’âge a egalement certains impacts qui seront discutes a travers la possible action de l’experience.

International audience; How can democratic oversight of deregulated public services be provided without running the risk of reintroducing the layers of bureaucracy that deregulation was to remove? A study of the deregulation of water services provided by Eau Méditerranée in the south of France shows how a reworking of an 18th-century concept for increasing visibility in a prison environment, updated to take account of the capabilities of today's information technology, can help. By adopting a new approach to management transparency\textemdashmaking the wealth of data it holds freely available to its clients\textemdashEau Méditerranée found a novel way to provide a clear and credible form of accountability for local authorities without further increasing its bureaucratic workload. \textcopyright 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

La comparabilite des mesures d'attitude d'une culture et d'une langue a une autre pose probleme. Comment s'assurer que les donnees collectees sont comparables afin d'ecarter le risque de decisions erronees ? Cet article propose et illustre une methode de developpement et de calibration internationale des echelles semantiques qui n 'impose ni l'equivalence lexicale ni l'equivalence metrique. La methode est utilisee pour calibrer 18 expressions verbales dans sept langues et neuf pays ou regions (Allemagne ; Belgique Flamande ; Belgique Wallonne ; Etats-Unis ; France ; Grece ; Italie ; Quebec ; Tunisie). L'utilisation des echelles calibrees permet de reduire le biais qu'introduit la culture des repondants dans les etudes internationales.

Les recherches qui integrent la confiance dans les modeles d’acceptation de la technologie traitent la confiance comme un concept unidimensionnel ou de second ordre pour expliquer le comportement des consommateurs vis-a-vis des services en ligne. Cependant, les recherches en Marketing et en comportement du consommateur montrent que traiter la confiance comme un concept tri-dimensionnel permet de mieux comprendre les relations des consommateurs avec les marques. En nous fondant sur le modele de Gefen, Karahann et Straub (2003), cette recherche met en evidence les relations entre les trois dimensions de la confiance (integrite, bienveillance et competence) et deux concepts cles utilises en systemes d’information (l’utilite percue et la facilite d’utilisation percue) pour expliquer l’intention de developper des relations avec un vendeur en ligne. Les resultats empiriques montrent la superiorite du modele tri-dimensionnel de la confiance par rapport au modele uni-dimensionnel

Objectives: The evaluation of telemedicine from the patient's point of view has focused on the patient pathway and patient satisfaction. However, research in this field does not provide us with the means to assess a patient's perception of the procedure if their reasoning ability is impaired. In this study, we use direct observation of a patient's behavior and mood to assess their perception of an oral teleconsultation procedure.Methods: This study has been conducted in the context of a pilot project using an asynchronous teleconsultation to improve access to dental care for the dependent elderly, disabled people, and prisoners, some of whom may be cognitively impaired. We use a direct observation form consisting of five behavioral variables and eight affect variables to reflect the patient's experience of the oral teleconsultation procedure.Results: A total of 135 patients were evaluated; 10 refused the procedure. Psychotic patients (n = 33) had a somewhat negative experience during the oral teleconsultation procedure. Patients who were not psychotic had a positive experience; this decreased as we moved from the autonomous to the semi-autonomous and then to the dependent sub-group. Some gender differences were also noted.Conclusions: Improving evidence on evaluating the acceptance of the cognitively impaired is required to improve the technology development process so that it can be translated into an improved patient experience and adherence. Although the study was specifically focused on teledentistry, the approach described in this study could be adapted to other forms of teleconsultation.

International audience

International audience

International audience; This study seeks to understand the leading role played by the blockholders and their true governance mechanism, in the French context, characterised by complex ownership structures. We focus on the role that second-tier shareholders can play in the optimal governance of companies and in their capacity to solve both principal/agent and principal/principal agency conflicts. Using a sample of 2118 observations between 2000 and 2009, we find that second-tier shareholders exercise effective additional monitoring when power is contestable but increase principal/principal agency costs in the presence of a controlling owner. We also show that shareholder homogeneity reduces agency conflicts. Our results demonstrate that the level of control contestability is essential in the understanding of governance mechanisms. Such contestability is to be found simultaneously at institutional level, at the level of the balance of power between blockholders, and according to the nature of the shareholders. Thus, the usual agency theory conclusions are debateable when the legal framework offers little protection of minority shareholders, and when ownership structure is complex and heterogeneous in nature. The study of corporate governance must therefore encompass a twofold analytical perspective, namely, an institutional and a socio-organisational one. The analysis and findings could be particularly useful in assessing corporate governance in the context of several European countries with a similar self-dealing legal environment to the French one, including Italy and Greece.

International audience; Computer-based information systems feature in almost every aspect of our lives, and yet most of us receive handwritten prescriptions when we visit our doctors and rely on paper-based medical records in our healthcare. Although electronic health record (EHR) systems have long been promoted as a cost-effective and efficient alternative to this situation, clear-cut evidence of their success has not been forthcoming. An examination of some of the underlying problems that prevent EHR systems from delivering the benefits that their proponents tout identifies four broad objectives - reducing cost, reducing errors, improving coordination and improving adherence to standards - and shows that they are not always met. The three possible causes for this failure to deliver involve problems with the codification of knowledge, group and tacit knowledge, and coordination and communication. There is, however, reason to be optimistic that EHR systems can fulfil a healthy part, if not all, of their potential.

International audience; This paper investigates whether foreign financial shocks can destabilize the cost of equity in emerging markets. After a theoretical discussion, we develop annual metrics for the international cost of equity, financial integration, spillovers and shift-contagion vulnerability in a sample of 535 Middle East and North African firms from Egypt, Tunisia, Morocco and Jordan over the 1998-2011 period. We then analyze the impact of foreign shocks on the international cost of equity, using a set of SGMM and PVAR models. Our results indicate that external shocks can increase the cost of equity in mature emerging markets.

It is widely accepted that information technology (IT) plays a central role in creating and maintaining a firm's competitive advantage. When discussions turn to strategic breakthroughs—innovations that are so fundamental that they disrupt the way an existing market operates—however, the role played by IT appears less clear-cut. The experiences of three well-known companies—Amazon, Dell, and eBay—show that the way that IT was used to gain a more intimate knowledge of the customer formed a common component of each of their business models. Those companies' experiences also indicate that the task of creating the type of radically different business model needed to create a strategic breakthrough might be easier to achieve in a new organization, unencumbered by the baggage of the past, than it is in an established organization with a preexisting business culture and an established way of doing things. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

International audience; Genericide of Brands: Lure or Real Threat?Under the term of genericide, we are referring to the death of a brand - through the disappearance of its legalprotections - whose original name has become the generic term for a new category of products in the market thatit helped to create. There are notorious cases of brands that have fallen prey to this evil, but marketing specialists,unlike lawyers, do not consider that the widespread use of a brand name represents any real danger. Instead, theyview this as a sign of the brand’s strength. This article reviews these discussions and offers a re-investigation ofthe phenomenon of genericide by analyzing the example of Google. It concludes with reflections on the partialelimination of this risk in a context defined by significant market volatility and with the possibility of a happygenericization.; Sous le vocable de généricide, on entend la mort - par disparition de sa protection juridique - d’une marque dontle nom propre est devenu le nom commun de la nouvelle catégorie de produits d’un marché qu’elle a contribuéà créer. S’il existe des cas notoires de marques qui ont succombé à un tel mal, les marketeurs, contrairement auxjuristes, ne considèrent pas que l’usage diffus du nom de marque représente un réel danger. Ils y voient plutôtun signe de la force de la marque. Cette contribution fait le point sur ce débat et propose une ré-investigation duphénomène de généricide à partir de l’analyse du cas Google. Elle conclut sur la relative disparition du risquede généricide dans un contexte de forte volatilité des marchés et sur la possibilité d’une généricisation heureuse.

ACL-4; International audience; The question of whether or not increased stock market size allows for improved financing conditions for firms in emerging markets is an important one for policy-making. This paper seeks to investigate this issue by analyzing whether increases in market-level liquidity have indeed trickled down to individual firms over the last decade of stock market development in Tunisia, a fast-growing Mediterranean emerging market. We develop time varying liquidity scores for all firms listed in the Tunisian market over the 1997–2009 period and analyze the extent to which market development, firm-level characteristics and risk exposure affect the magnitude and the distribution of liquidity using a set of fixed effect panel regressions. Our results suggest that massive increases in value traded have created market congestion, thereby increasing the costs of trading, in a context of persistently low efficiency and increased international integration. The main implications of this process are (i) market-level development and international integration are not sufficient conditions to ease access to finance for local firms, (ii) further reforms in the Tunisian market should focus on diversifying corporate ownership and improving the disclosure of information, and (iii) international investors seeking diversification in Tunisia should be aware of a significant illiquidity risk.

International audience; no abstract

in press; International audience; Over the last two decades, Chinese firms have grown quickly even in a complicated and conflicting institutional environment. Prior explanations focus on either government support at the institutional level, or imitation strategy at the firm level. We argue that these accounts are empirically inconclusive and theoretically insufficient in that they are unidirectional and contain a single perspective at a single level. Through a longitudinal case study of Geely Group, a leading private carmaker in China, we develop a co-evolution model of institutional environment, strategic ambidexterity, and innovation performance with a progression of positive feedback. We also propose a new managerial intentionality mechanism based on the positive feedback of innovation performance. Besides, we find that the role of government on firm growth is more complicated and dynamic than has been assumed. Overall, our co-evolution framework provides a more powerful and specific account of why transition economy firms have grown so fast.

Adapting existing business models for use in developing economies poses particular challenges for established firms. Yet, few studies have separated stable internal factors from the novel external factors that drive change in the existing business model. The Bosch Group's investment in the Chinese automobile aftermarket highlights the impact of four principal external factors—industry, technology, institutions, and market—on business model innovation. A proposed framework comprising these factors offers managers who are charged with expanding into a developing economy guidance in modifying an existing business model to suit local conditions. By so doing, they will be better equipped to ensure the attainment of organizational objectives in their new setting. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

International audience

International audience; In complex software development projects, consistent planning and communication between the stakeholders is crucial for effective collaboration across the different stages in software construction. Taking the view of software development and maintenance as being part of the broader phenomenon of software evolution, this paper argues that the adoption of knowledge management practices in software engineering would improve both software construction and more particularly software maintenance. The research work presents a guidance model for both areas: knowledge management and software engineering, combining insights across corporate software projects as a means of evaluating the effects on people and organization, technology, workflows and processes.

International audience; This paper explores the roles of actors in combining resources to develop an innovation network supporting the actual use of AutomatedExternal Defibrillators –AEDs- by end citizens in France. While there is growing attention devoted to innovation networksand recognition of the importance of adopting a users’ perspective to analyze innovation ventures, the role of actors in the developmentof resource combinations as complex solutions has been acknowledged as requiring more empirical research.This paper contributes to better understanding how technical innovations can be embedded in a using setting through interaction anddevelopment of new resource combinations in networks with a focus on the implementation stage of innovation. The paper shedsthe light on new perspectives related to the configuration of innovation networks in terms of structure, coordination mechanisms andresource constellations. It suggests enlarging the perspective to a usage point of view to refer to the actual practices of appropriation(or lack of appropriation) of the innovation and to highlight the role of other value partners in this process (non users). It introducesthe concept of “Usage Network” to reflect a larger perspective than the concept of users’ network. Firstly, beyond users, the UsageNetwork integrates a plurality of actors such as public institutions, sponsors, associations and opinion leaders coming from differentbusiness and non business arenas (public, private, individuals/professionals, experts/lay citizens…) having idiosyncratic resourcesenabling them to relate and interact with users. Secondly, the paper shows how the transformation of the original innovative productand its combination with the resources from those various actors take form into additional solutions, enriching it and facilitating itsdiffusion and adoption.The paper also provides an original insight on the coordination mechanisms of such Usage Network carried out by boundary actorswhich are able to create links between the AED supplier and their own network. These boundary actors coordinate the activities ofits various members in their effort at combining their resources with those of the supplier: they act as “lead-value creating partners”for the supplier. The paper also highlights the variety of resource combinations required to develop the final solution both withintype and across types and confirmed the richness of mixed combinations in terms of value creation. This richness also comes fromthe plurality of the actors holding them.

Purpose In a period of moral and economic crisis all the alternative solutions to finance economic activities are interesting to study, specifically those embedded in solidarity practices. The nature of the ties (bonding ties, linking ties or bridging ties) and solidarities (institutional solidarity, formal or informal solidarity, intergenerational solidarity) must then be examined. Methodology/approach The exchanges between the people are governed by three different modes: the market, the redistribution and the reciprocity which acts to maintain the relation (Lavoue, Jezequel, & Janvier, 2010, p. 34). The exchanges are not only of economic order and also participate in the symbolic world. Our main question is: can the relations of exchange become emancipated from the reification? We illustrate this chapter with the case of the Kabylian traditional society and market (Benet, 1957–1975) where the practices of exchanges are not only of economic order (redistribution …) but also matter with the symbolic world (honour). Findings Even today, in Kabylia, the survival of an ancestral social organisation (tajmaat) which has anchored in tradition and rooted values (tirugza) and practices (tiwiza) sometimes allows the local populations to offer the missing public goods or the solidarity towards those who need help (elders, orphans). Originality/value In traditional Kabyle society, exchange practices are not only economic in nature (they contribute to mutual assistance, redistribution, etc.), but are also symbolic.

Purpose This chapter reconsiders commonly held views on the ownership and management of private property, contrasting capitalist and simple property, particularly in relation to how a firm shareholder governance model has shaped society. This consideration is motivated by the scale and scope of the modern global crisis, which has combined financial, economic, social and cultural dimensions to produce world disenchantment. Methodology/approach By contrasting an exchange value standpoint with a use value perspective, this chapter explicates current conditions in which neither the state nor the market prevail in organising economic activity (i.e. cooperative forms of governance and community-created brand value). Findings This chapter offers recommendations related to formalised conditions for collective action and definitions of common guiding principles that can facilitate new expressions of the principles of coordination. Such behaviours can support the development of common resources, which then should lead to a re-appropriation of the world. Practical implications It is necessary to think of enterprises outside a company or firm context when reflecting on the end purpose and means of collective, citizen action. From a methodological standpoint, current approaches or studies that view an enterprise as an organisation, without differentiating it from a company, create a deadlock in relation to entrepreneurial collective action. The absence of a legal definition of enterprise reduces understanding and evaluations of its performance to simply the performance by a company. The implicit shift thus facilitates the assimilation of one with the other, in a funnel effect that reduces collective projects to the sole projects of capital providers. Originality/value Because forsaking society as it stands is a radical response, this historical moment makes it necessary to revisit the ideals on which modern societies build, including the philosophy of freedom for all. This utopian concept has produced an ideology that is limited by capitalist notions of private property.

International audience; This is a descriptive article focusing on the e-DENT project, the first oral tele-consultation in France; an experimentation of asynchronous dental tele-consultations meant to improve access to dental care for people who have limited access to regular consultations with a dentist such as dependent elderly, disabled people or prisoners. We consider that the generalization of dental tele-consultations is related to the acceptance of the e-DENT system, as stated by Broens & et al. (2007). This paper proposes a new methodological approach for assessing the perception of a medical procedure, involving the use of technology, for subjects with minor, mild or severe cognitive impairment. Semi-structured interviews, indirect patient observations and non-participant observations have allowed us to highlight the nurses' acceptance of the e-DENT system, the patients' perception of the oral tele-consultation procedure and to describe the induced organizational changes.

Purpose The objective of this chapter is twofold. It first explores the complementarities of Islamic investment with Socially Responsible Investment. Secondly, it examines the financial price, for investors, of being both shariah-compliant and socially responsible. Methodology/approach Using a value-weighted approach, we experiment the construction of a set of sharia-compliant stock portfolios with different Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance. We use the KLD ratings of 238 companies listed in U.S. stock market from 2007 to 2011. We measure and compare their performance using the model developed by Fama and French (1993) and extended by Carhart (1997). Findings The results indicate no adverse effect on returns due to the application of a double screening, Islamic and SRI, and show a substantially higher performance for positive governance screen during 2008–2011 periods. This outperformance cannot be explained by differences in investment style. Though, we observe significant outperformance for some ‘irresponsible’ portfolios involved in community and human rights controversies. Research limitations/implications The study only focuses on U.S. market. Future works should extend the experimentation to other markets. Practical implications This study provides a venue for Islamic funds managers to consider SRI screening as fully in line with shariah-compliance requirements, while preserving the performance of their portfolios. Social implications Potentially, the reconciliation of Islamic investment with positive SRI practices may foster the implementation of CSR policies by firms’ manager willing to attract Islamic investors. Originality/value With reference to the many studies emphasising the compatibility between CSR criteria and Islamic principles, this experimental study is the first to investigate the integration of a positive screening process designed to select companies based on their ESG performance in addition to a traditional shariah-compliant screening.

International audience; no abstract

International audience; no abstract

International audience; Taking into account how people value the healthiness and tastiness of food at both the behavioral and brain levels may help to better understand and address overweight and obesity-related issues. Here, we investigate whether brain activity in those areas involved in self-control may increase significantly when individuals with a high body-mass index (BMI) focus their attention on the taste rather than on the health benefits related to healthy food choices. Under such conditions, BMI is positively correlated with both the neural responses to healthy food choices in those brain areas associated with gustation (insula), reward value (orbitofrontal cortex), and self-control (inferior frontal gyrus), and with the percent of healthy food choices. By contrast, when attention is directed towards health benefits, BMI is negatively correlated with neural activity in gustatory and reward-related brain areas (insula, inferior frontal operculum). Taken together, these findings suggest that those individuals with a high BMI do not necessarily have reduced capacities for self-control but that they may be facilitated by external cues that direct their attention toward the tastiness of healthy food. Thus, promoting the taste of healthy food in communication campaigns and/or food packaging may lead to more successful self-control and healthy food behaviors for consumers with a higher BMI, an issue which needs to be further researched.

Piracy in its various forms has posed a threat to trade and shipping for millennia. In the 1970s, a steady rise in the number of attacks ushered in the present phenomenon of modern piracy and not many parts of the world's seas are free from piracy in one form or another today. This paper reviews the historical and geographical developments of piracy in shipping, with a discussion on contentious issues involved in defining piracy. Using data available on piracy acts collected from the IMB related to 3,957 attacks that took place between 1996 and 2008, we shed light on recent changes in geography and modi operandi of acts of piracy and investigate how poverty and political instability may be seen as the root causes of piracy.

PurposeThe article shows how changes in product architecture have become the driving force behind a breakthrough strategy that has enabled Chinese carmakers to produce vehicles that are broadly equivalent to the products of western carmakers but at a fraction of the price.Design/methodology/approachThe article presents an analysis of the development of a strategy based in an innovative product architecture used by a Chinese carmaker. The analysis covers the period between 1998 and 2006 and presents the results of a longitudinal study carried out by one of the authors in China between 2002 and 2007.FindingsThe article uses the literature on product architecture and breakthrough strategy to describe a quasi‐open modular product architecture used by Chinese carmakers. It provides an historical account of one company's approach to car making using this strategy and describes how it has allowed it to move from being a manufacturer of refrigerators to the ninth largest carmaker in China in period of ten years.Practical implicationsThe article highlights the strategic potential of innovations in product architecture in general and that of quasi‐open modular architectures in particular. It also highlights the role of the emerging markets in China as the source of potential drivers for breakthrough strategies and as a threat to the current position of western carmakers.Originality/valueThis article uses evidence based on direct observation to describe a novel approach to product architecture that has been pioneered in the emergent markets in China.

International audience; Although Communities of Practice have become a core concept in understanding how knowledge is managed within organizations, there have been few studies of the praxis of formation of Communities of Practice. In this article, we report on a Grounded Theory study of the members of a previously identified Community of Practice within the UK Higher Education Academy Psychology Network. In addition to providing data on the functioning of the community, the study also revealed a hitherto unrecognized form of community that exhibits all of the characteristics of CoPs yet has only a transient existence that seems to nucleate around an existing core community. Drawing on the metaphor of quantum behaviour, we termed these communities Quantum Communities of Practice. We describe a theory to explain this phenomenon that is grounded in the data from the study. We conclude by discussing the value and validity of our findings and methodology and indicating the next steps we will take in our research.

International audience; The increase in oil prices in recent years has occurred concurrently with a rapid expansion of Chinese exports in the world markets, despite China being an oil importing country. In this paper we develop a theoretical model that explains the positive correlation between Chinese exports and the oil price. The model shows that Chinese growth can lead to an increase in oil prices that has a stronger impact on its export competitors. This is due to the large labor force surplus of China. We then examine this hypothesis by estimating a reduced form equation for Chinese exports using Rodrik (2006)'s measure of export competitiveness, together with the oil price, productivity, real exchange rate, and foreign industrial production over the monthly 1992-2005 period. The results suggest a stable relationship and yields slightly positive values for the price of oil and elastic coefficients for export competitiveness, along with the expected negative elasticity for the real exchange rate.

Big data is one of the most discussed, and possibly least understood, terms in use in business today. Big data is said to offer not only unprecedented levels of business intelligence concerning the habits of consumers and rivals, but also to herald a revolution in the way in which business are organized and run. However, big data is not as straightforward as it might seem, particularly when it comes to the so-called dark data from social media. It is not simply the quantity of data that has changed, it is also the speed and the variety of formats with which it is delivered. This article sets out to look at big data and debunk some of the myths that surround it. It focuses on the role of data from social media in particular and highlights two common myths about big data. The first is that because a data set contains billions of items, traditional methodological issues no longer matter. The second is the belief that big data is both a complete and unbiased source of data upon which to base decisions.

ACL-3; International audience; This paper is a response to Christopher Schinckus (in press) comments on my 2015 International Review of Financial Analysis paper Diversifying financial research: from financialization to sustainability. I first attempt to summarize our argument, and then attempt to draw out further implications for the diversification of academic finance, by connecting our discussion to current debates in the field of critical management studies (CMS).

ACL-1; International audience; Presenting low individual returns, but providing households with livelihoods and means to cope with economic vulnerability, micro-entrepreneurship’s evaluation should include both context and heterogeneity. Using a four-wave panel of 9,157 Indonesian households, this study proposes a quantile estimation of micro-entrepreneurship’s effects on four household-level complementary measures of welfare – income, consumption, household, and total assets. It evidences substantial positive but decreasing effects on the four measures, with the highest relative returns for the poorest. For this category, micro-entrepreneurship primarily provides returns in the form of income, translating into higher relative consumption, but more importantly, into a greater relative assets accumulation.

ACL-3; International audience; This paper seeks to overcome the apparent contradictions between global demand for sustainability and the structure of conventional financial discourse by putting forth a strategy for diversifying academic finance. It comprises four sections. I first situate academic finance within the broader spectrum of social sciences and highlight its ontological, epistemological and methodological assumptions. Second, I show that these assumptions, taken for granted within the field of finance, are the object of much debate within other fields – as is demonstrated by controversy regarding logical positivism, social ontology and performativity – which brings out the limitations of paradigmatic unity in finance. Third, I characterize diversification in finance with reference to the nested epistemological structure of scientific discourse. I argue that diversification is a process by which (i) finance research is extended to other existing paradigms in social sciences; (ii) new research metaphors are developed within the current paradigm; and (iii) puzzle-solving robustness is achieved. Fourth, I develop a research agenda for the diversification of academic finance. This agenda is broken down into themes, paradigmatic hypotheses, and research questions.

International audience; With a meta-analysis of 85 studies and 190 experiments, the authors test the relationship between socially responsible investing (SRI) and financial performance to determine whether including corporate social responsibility and ethical concerns in portfolio management is more profitable than conventional investment policies. The study also analyses the influence of researcher methodologies with respect to several dimensions of SRI (markets, financial performance measures, investment horizons, SRI thematic approaches, family investments and journal impact) on the effects identified. The results indicate that the consideration of corporate social responsibility in stock market portfolios is neither a weakness nor a strength compared with conventional investments; the heterogeneous results in prior studies largely reflect the SRI dimensions understudy (e.g. thematic approach, investment horizon and data comparison method).

International audience; An increasingly aging population and spiraling health care costs have made the search for financially viable health care models an imperative of this century. The careful and creative application of information technology (IT) can play a significant role in meeting that challenge. Valuable lessons can be learned from an analysis of ten innovative telemedicine and e-health initiatives. Having proven their effectiveness in addressing a variety of medical needs, they have progressed beyond small-scale implementations to become an established part of health care delivery systems around the world.

International audience; The application of for-profit business practices to nonprofit organizations, social enterprises are a way for nonprofit organizations to find funding in a time of rising costs, falling donations, and increased competition from for-profit businesses in the social sector. Although well established in the mature economies of the West, these enterprises are a novelty in the emerging economies of Asia and in the transitional economies of the former communist world. The experiences of Dialogue in the Dark, a social enterprise concerned with the problems associated with blindness, highlight the unique challenges that social enterprises face in China and offer lessons for entrepreneurs who may wish to embark on a similar venture.

OS; International audience; The following sections are included: •Introduction •Microfinance and Economic Development •Indian Microfinance and the Impact of Commercialization •Minsky's “Financial Instability” Hypothesis •Data and Econometric Methodology •Results and Policy Implications •Conclusions •References

International audience; This article provides an overview of the papers from the 40th La Londe Marketing Communications and Consumer Behavior Conference that were selected for this special issue of the Journal of Business Research. The La Londe conference is a biennial event that attracts top researchers from across the world. A small and selective conference, its intimacy combined with high-quality presentations serves as an incubator for new ideas and fresh perspectives on consumer research, and does so through an international lens that is reflected in the diversity of countries represented on the conference program, the co-chairs of the conference, and the La Londe Conference Scientific Committee.Discover the world's research

International audience; Les communautés de pratique virtuelles sont reconnues depuis longtemps comme étant une forme spécifique de réseau intra-organisationnel permettant les échanges et le développement des connaissances et des pratiques. L’objectif de cet article est de mettre en exergue les enjeux de la participation à une communauté de pratiques virtuelles dans le cadre organisationnel. Plus spécifiquement, il s’agit d’examiner les motivations des membres à participer à une communauté de pratique virtuelles et le rôle de l’organisation. Pour cela, une étude empirique a été menée auprès d’une communauté de pratiques virtuelles « Interfaces Homme Machine » au sein d’une multinationale d’ingénierie. Les résultats ont produit des profils d’utilisateurs et mettent en évidence le rôle de l’animation, de la confiance et du système de reconnaissance interne de la participation active.

OS; International audience; La crise financière, le sauvetage des banques et la récession qui s’ensuivit ont eu pour conséquence de disqualifier les banques et les marchés financiers dans l’opinion publique. Pourtant, une nouvelle forme de finance, en rupture avec la logique de l’accumulation financière, émerge...

OS; International audience; Ce livre est essentiellement un support du logiciel de simulation MacSim(pour MACro - SIMulation), dont il présente de façon détaillée les potentialités, les performances et dont il fournit le mode d'emploi. Le logiciel est accessible en ligne grâce à un code fourni dans le livre et utilisable sur PC. ă ăă ăLe logiciel MacSim permet de simuler des politiques macro-économiques et fournit donc des éléments d'analyse sur les effets économiques de telles politiques et sur les coûts et bénéfices de l'appartenance à une zone monétaire comme la Zone Euro. Les propriétés de ce logiciel sont proches de celles des grands modèles macro-économiques de même inspiration utilisés dans les Ministères de l'Economie, les Banques Centrales ou les organisations internationales. Il s'agit d'un logiciel très facile d'utilisation, reposant sur une modélisation d'inspiration néo-keynésienne simplifiée de dix économies développées interdépendantes de dimensions variées (du Luxembourg, la plus petite, aux Etats-Unis, la plus grande, en passant bien entendu par la France et l'Allemagne). De nombreuses options y sont ouvertes à l'utilisateur, concernant tant l'économie réelle que monétaire ou financière. Par ailleurs, chacune des économies peut y connaître des chocs spécifiques, par exemple de productivité, de salaires ou de population active. ăAvec cet outil, l'utilisateur peut simuler les effets de politiques macro-économiques en débat comme des politiques de demande (comme la baisse du nombre de fonctionnaires), d'offre (comme la baisse de l'impôt sur les sociétés), des réformes structurelles (comme la réforme de retraites) engagées dans chacune des dix économies modélisées.ăCe logiciel peut être un outil pédagogique très utile aux enseignements de macro-économie ou de politique économique, mais il peut aussi intéresser tous ceux qui veulent améliorer leur compréhension de l'économie et des débats sur de politique économique.

Recently, publicly listed companies in France have been required to enhance their corporate governance and environmental reporting practices following the adoption of new regulations and best-practices guidelines. This paper examines the relationship between corporate governance mechanisms and the voluntary disclosure of climate change related risks to the Carbon Disclosure Project. Our results show that board independence and meeting frequency are positively related to the disclosure of climate risks and greenhouse gas emission levels. In contrast, leadership structure, gender diversity as well as the existence of an environmental committee as a board's standing committee does not explain the firm's decision to respond to the CDP annual survey. Among control variables, we find a positive relation between firm size and financial performance and the likelihood to provide disclosures about climate change related risks, Au cours de ces dernières années, le mode de gouvernance des entreprises françaises n'a cessé de se renforcer à travers la publication de plusieurs codes, lois et rapports. En parallèle, la divulgation environnementale a fait l'objet de plusieurs textes de lois. Toutefois, la divulgation des risques liés au changement climatique dans le cadre du « Carbon Disclosure Project » demeure volontaire. Notre recherche examine les variables de gouvernance pouvant influencer la participation des entreprises françaises cotées à l'enquête annuelle de la CDP. Nos résultats montrent que le niveau d'indépendance du conseil d'administration et la fréquence de ses réunions sont positivement associés à la divulgation volontaire des risques climatiques et des émissions de gaz à effet de serre. En revanche, la structure de leadership, la présence de femmes au sein du conseil et la présence d'un comité environnemental parmi les comités permanents du conseil n'affecte pas la probabilité de participation à l'enquête CDP France. Parmi les variables de contrôle, nous observons une relation positive entre la taille de l'entreprise, sa performance financière et la propension à divulguer des informations sur les risques liés au changement climatique.

Purpose – Data from social media (SM) has grown exponentially and created new opportunities for businesses to supplement their business intelligence (BI). However, there are many different platforms all of which are in a constant state of evolution. The purpose of this paper is to describe a generic methodology for the gathering of data from SM and transforming it into valuable BI. Design/methodology/approach – The approach taken is termed virtual excavation and builds on the similarities between the manipulation of technological artefacts virtual communities using various forms of SM and the excavation and analysis of physical artefacts found in archaeological settlements. Findings – The paper reports on a case study using this technique that looks at the Facebook fan pages of three mobile telecommunications service providers in Greece. The paper identifies many of the standard BI indicators as well as demonstrating that additional information relating to cross-page use can be collected by looking at how users manipulate artefact such as the “like” button in Facebook. Research limitations/implications – Although the methodology is widely applicable, the paper only reports on the analysis of one platform, Facebook, and is heavily reliant on visualization tools. Future work will examine different platforms and different tools for analysis. Practical implications – The paper discusses some of the ways in which this approach could be used and suggests some areas in which it might be applied. Originality/value – The approach of using virtual excavations to extract BI from virtual communities in online SM offers a systematic approach for dealing with a variety of information from a variety of different media that is not found in techniques based on information systems or management science.

32 p.; This text aims at proposing a comparative analysis of the trajectories of companies located in Corsica, and in similar departments of the Mediterranean coast. Through this study we raise the question of the specificity of an island economy compared to a continental territory considered as its closer neighbour. It also deals with the analysis of the way local specificities can influence the firms' growth. From quantile regressions on panel data performed over the period 2004-2010, our results show the strongest sensitivity of the Corsican companies to the financial structure and the superior importance of trade debts in their growth process. On the opposite, whereas the companies located in island economies are supposed primarily oriented towards the local market, we bring some evidence about the sensitivity of the firms' growth to the local factors and how they differ in Corsican compared to Mediterranean companies.; Ce texte propose une analyse comparée des trajectoires de croissance d'entreprises implantées d'une part en Corse, de l'autre dans les départements semblables du pourtour méditerranéen. A travers cette étude il s'agit de mettre en évidence la spécificité d'une économie insulaire au regard de territoires continentaux considérés comme ses plus proches voisins et de voir en quoi les spécificités territoriales influent sur la croissance des entreprises. A partir de régressions quantiles sur données d'entreprises en panel au cours de la période 2004-2010, nos résultats montrent la plus forte sensibilité de la croissance des entreprises corses aux dettes et l'importance du crédit interentreprises dans leur fonctionnement. En revanche, alors que les entreprises des économies insulaires sont réputées prioritairement orientées vers le marché local, nous concluons à une sensibilité de la croissance des entreprises corses aux facteurs locaux différente de celle qui prévaut sur le pourtour méditerranéen.

Innovation has become intensive and open, because the efforts in R&D of the technological firms are no longer sufficient. Companies must open their networks and collaborate. So, the knowledge is shared and become the result of a collaborative work. Knowledge, as an important component of the human resources and the intangible assets of the firm, need new methods and systems of performance measurement and management control, especially, these concerning the process of the knowledge transfer. This conceptual research has for purpose to identify: the key variables of the sustainable performance of the co-creation of value through the knowledge transfer of the technological innovation process, and the leverages of action influencing these variables. They are the components of a performance management control system, common to the acting partners who are more and more numerous and legally independent. These variables are issued from a crossing of the technological, social, and organizational dimensions of the process of the knowledge transfer, with the intra and inter- organizational links: structural, cognitive, affective and economic. Several leverages of action are proposed according to the strategy of control associated with them: process control, mediation control and output control., L'innovation est devenue intensive et ouverte, car les efforts de R & D des entreprises technologiques à elles seules ne suffisent plus. Elles doivent ouvrir leurs réseaux et collaborer. De ce fait, la connaissance est distribuée et devient le résultat d'un travail collectif. Les connaissances, comme composante importante du capital humain et des actifs immatériels de l'entreprise, requièrent de nouvelles méthodes et de nouveaux dispositifs pour mesurer et piloter les performances et en particulier celles du processus de transfert de connaissances. Cette recherche conceptuelle, a pour objectif d'identifier : les variables clés d'une performance durable de la co-création de valeur dans le processus de transfert de connaissances du processus d'innovation technologique, et les leviers d'action sur ces variables. Elles sont les composantes d'un système de pilotage de la performance, commun à des acteurs partenaires de plus en plus nombreux et juridiquement indépendants. Ces variables sont identifiées à partir du croisement des dimensions technologiques, sociales et organisationnelles du processus de transfert de connaissances et des liens intra et inter-organisationnels : structurel, cognitif, affectif et économique. Des leviers d'action sur ces variables sont proposés selon la stratégie de contrôle associée : contrôle de processus, contrôle d'arbitrage et contrôle d'output.

International audience; The term knowledge management (KM) first came to prominence in the late 1990s. Although initially dismissed as a fad, KM continues to be featured in articles concerning business productivity and innovation. And yet, clear-cut examples that demonstrate the success of KM are few and far between. A brief examination of the history of KM explores the reasons for this and looks at some of the assumptions about what KM can achieve. A subsequent analysis of the experiences of Infosys with KM shows that for KM to be successful, organizational leaders need to engage in a continuous process of modification and maintenance. Although KM initiatives can be made to yield worthwhile returns over an extended period, there are often substantial ongoing costs associated with them.

International audience; The edge channels of the quantum Hall effect provide one dimensional chiral and ballistic wires along which electrons can be guided in an optics-like setup. Electronic propagation can then be analyzed using concepts and tools derived from optics. After a brief review of electron optics experiments performed using stationary current sources which continuously emit electrons in the conductor, this paper focuses on triggered sources, which can generate on-demand a single particle state. It first outlines the electron optics formalism and its analogies and differences with photon optics and then turns to the presentation of single electron emitters and their characterization through the measurements of the average electrical current and its correlations. This is followed by a discussion of electron quantum optics experiments in the Hanbury-Brown and Twiss geometry where two-particle interferences occur. Finally, Coulomb interactions effects and their influence on single electron states are considered.