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Peatlands can be defined as a system that retains and preserves plant materials. For paleoenvironmental studies peatlands serve as databases of the climate and its states in the past, because they are formed by the accumulation of plant material in water-saturated environments, with low pH and mild temperatures, preventing or at least reducing decomposition by microorganisms. However, in Guarapuava region, studies focused on acquiring information about these environments are scarce. The aim of this study is to evaluate the distribution and patterns of the peatlands present in the topographic sheets of Guarapuava and Itapará (MI 2838-3 and 2838-4 MI, respectively) and relate them to the geomorphological features in order to find the reason for the high concentration of these environments in the region. The combination of morphostructural and morphoscultural elements acts as a strong influence on a peatland from its formation on towards its current process. In this study, the structural issue is crucial to the control of peaty environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]