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With the rapid development and multifarious application of artificial intelligence technology, elementary learners are demanded to learn about AI. At the same time, due to the pandemic, classes without face-to-face contact have been increasing. This study aims to develop teaching-learning contents instructing core principles of artificial intelligence, respectively in face-to-face and non-face-to-face learning environments. Proposed teaching-learning contents mainly target elementary learner and provide simplified experience for convolutional neural network(CNN) algorithm. Learners accomplish convolution operation with simple numbers then extract feature map. Students experience CNN process with 5x5 virtual input image consists of numbers. 2x2 filter is given for convolution operation, and students fill 4x4 feature map with the results. These same teaching-learning activities can be also offered with online interactive worksheets, using ‘LIVEWORKSHEETS’ website. By transforming printed worksheets into online ones, learners in distance learning classes can accomplish identical coursework clicking and typing then score themselves. Teachers and learners can choose appropriate teaching-learning way or mix both of them flexibly based on their situation. Subsequent studies are expected to revise the contents after sufficient pilot classes with diverse learner groups and devise additional physical teaching-learning activity suitable for elementary learners. This study proposes the importance of continuous research on artificial intelligence education for young learners and versatile teaching-learning contents for various learning environment.

This study examined the effects of the cognitive and affective country image of Korea on product evaluation and purchase intention for Korean products. The research model was developed from relevant literature based on the halo effect model and data was collected using a self-administered online survey of 772 Southeast Asian consumers from Vietnam, Indonesia, and Malaysia. The major findings are as follows. First, analysis of variance revealed that Vietnam consumers have a significantly positive perception compared to Indonesia and Malaysia, regarding the affective country image and purchase intention towards Korean products. Second, results from structural equation model showed that the affective country image has significantly positive effects on product evaluation and purchase intention, which means the affective country image is directly and indirectly connected to purchase intention towards Korean products. However, cognitive country image only has an indirect effect on purchase intention. Third, the results of comparing path coefficient among three countries showed that the direct effect is more effective for consumers in Indonesia and Malaysia, whereas indirect effect has a stronger effect on consumers in Vietnam. Academically, this study contributes to an expansion of understanding the effects of country image by empirically proving the different roles of cognitive and affective dimensions for country image. This study provides practical implications for developing marketing communication strategies for businesses that hope to penetrate Southeast Asian countries.

논문투고일:2014년 04월 27일 논문수정완료일:2014년 06월 12일 논문게재확정일:2014년 06월 20일 * 논문은 2012년도 경희대학교 지원에 의한 결과임. ** 경희대학교 무역학과 교수, 제1저자 *** 경희대학교 무역학과 석사과정, 교신저자 Company Social Networks (CSN) has emerged as a commonly used marketing channel. One of the most important advantages in CSN is the user’s voluntary behavior as a relational performance. We classified level of voluntary behavior, as ‘consumption’, ‘active participation’, and ‘creative contribution’ to comprehend different relational performance of CSN. Moreover, we proposed research model to compare positive attitude and negative attitude. This study aims to investigate ‘the process of user’s voluntary behavior in CSN’ which is causal relationship between benefits of CSN, user’s attitude and voluntary behavior. Empirical results with 175 valid questionnaire data revealed that CSN benefit factors played a significant role in trust and distrust. Based on these effects, trust and distrust have different influences as level of voluntary behavior, just as proposed. For practitioners, it is crucial finding that users are more active behavior based on strong trust. Keyword:Company Social Networks(CSN), Relational Performance, Level of Voluntary Behavior, Trust, Distrust, Fundamental Benefit, Relational Benefit 韓國IT서비스學會誌 第13卷 第2號 2014年 6月, pp.35-53

© 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) provide very intense X-ray pulses suitable for macromolecular crystallography. Each X-ray pulse typically lasts for tens of femtoseconds and the interval between pulses is many orders of magnitude longer. Here we describe two novel acoustic injection systems that use focused sound waves to eject picoliter to nanoliter crystal-containing droplets out of microplates and into the X-ray pulse from which diffraction data are collected. The on-demand droplet delivery is synchronized to the XFEL pulse scheme, resulting in X-ray pulses intersecting up to 88% of the droplets. We tested several types of samples in a range of crystallization conditions, wherein the overall crystal hit ratio (e.g., fraction of images with observable diffraction patterns) is a function of the microcrystal slurry concentration. We report crystal structures from lysozyme, thermolysin, and stachydrine demethylase (Stc2). Additional samples were screened to demonstrate that these methods can be applied to rare samples.

Herein, the structure resulting from in situ turnover in a chemically challenging quaternary ammonium oxidative demethylation reaction was captured via crystallographic analysis and analyzed via single-crystal spectroscopy. Crystal structures were determined for the Rieske-type monooxygenase, stachydrine demethylase, in the unliganded state (at 1.6 Å resolution) and in the product complex (at 2.2 Å resolution). The ligand complex was obtained from enzyme aerobically cocrystallized with the substrate stachydrine (N,N-dimethylproline). The ligand electron density in the complex was interpreted as proline, generated within the active site at 100 K by the absorption of X-ray photon energy and two consecutive demethylation cycles. The oxidation state of the Rieske iron–sulfur cluster was characterized by UV–visible spectroscopy throughout X-ray data collection in conjunction with resonance Raman spectra collected before and after diffraction data. Shifts in the absorption band wavelength and intensity as a function of absorbed X-ray dose demonstrated that the Rieske center was reduced by solvated electrons generated by X-ray photons; the kinetics of the reduction process differed dramatically for the liganded complex compared to unliganded demethylase, which may correspond to the observed turnover in the crystal.

Objective: We wanted to determine the optimal dose of intravenous penicillin (PCN) in the third trimester of pregnancy for the prophylaxis of group B Streptococcus . Study Design: Healthy women in the third trimester with a singleton pregnancy were recruited. Eligibility included no previous penicillin or cephalosporin allergy and no history of renal disease. We obtained a baseline 24-hour urine collection for total protein concentration and creatinine clearance. Two intravenous catheters were placed, and 1 million units of penicillin G (PCN G) sodium was infused through one catheter. Serial blood samples were obtained through the second catheter at 1, 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, and 240 minutes. Serum was stored at –80°C until assays were performed. Reverse-phase highperformance liquid chromatography was used to determine serum concentrations. Results: Fifteen patients met the requirements for eligibility. The average 24-hour urine sample for total protein concentration was 187 mg/dL (range, 11-252), and creatinine clearance was 191 mL/min (range, 137-245). Average maximum serum concentration (C max ) was 67 μg/mL (range, 34-132) and was reached within 5 minutes. Average serum PCN concentration was 12 μg/mL (range, 9-25) after 4 hours of urine collection. Conclusion: The C max was 67 μg/mL (670 × minimum inhibitory concentration). One million units of intravenous PCN G exceeds MIC in the treatment of GBS. The dosing interval should be 4 hours to ensure anti-GBS activity in all patients. More frequent dosing does not increase activity. Current recommendations for GBS prophylaxis which use PCN G should be modified pending future studies of neonatal PCN concentrations. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001;185: 850-3.)