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Background: To investigate the impact of nutritional iodine deficiency on thyroid dysfunction (TD) in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants, we analyzed the association between iodine-deficient parenteral nutrition (PN) and TD requiring L-thyroxine (TD-LT4). Methods: Data of VLBW infants were obtained from the Korean Neonatal Network registry. Factors including duration of PN were analyzed according to TD-LT4. Results: TD-LT4 occurred in 490 (8.7%) of 5635 infants, and more frequently occurred in infants requiring PN for ≥4 weeks (10.2%). PN ≥ 4 weeks was one of the risk factors for TD-LT4, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.346, p = 0.002. However, multivariate analysis showed that TD-LT4 was more of a risk for infants that were small for gestational age (OR 2.987, p < 0.001) and for other neonatal morbidities such as seizures (OR 1.787, p = 0.002) and persistent pulmonary hypertension (OR 1.501, p = 0.039) than PN ≥ 4 weeks (OR 0.791, p = 0.080). Conclusions: Prolonged iodine-deficient PN might affect TD-LT4 in VLBW infants. However, the effect of nutritional iodine deficiency on TD-LT4 risk was less than that of SGA or severe neonatal morbidities in Korean VLBW infants.

The present study investigated severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) infection in raccoons in Wakayama Prefecture from 2007 to 2019. To perform surveillance, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was established, and the sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA were 100% in comparison with a 50% focus-reduction neutralization assay. Using the established ELISA, we performed serosurveillance of SFTSV infection in 2,299 raccoons in Tanabe region, Wakayama Prefecture from 2007 to 2019. The first anti-SFTSV-positive raccoon was captured in October 2009. The seroprevalence of SFTSV infection was10% between April 2009 and March 2013, 23.9% between April 2013 and March 2014, 37.5% between April, 2014 and March 2015, and over 50% from April 2015. Next, we performed detection of SFTSV genes in sera of raccoons captured in Wakayama Prefecture after April 2013. The results indicated that 2.4% of raccoons were positive for SFTSV genes and that the frequency of SFTSV infection among raccoons between January and March (0.7%) was lower than that between April and June (3.4%). In addition, virus genes were detected from many specimens, including sera and feces of two raccoons, and viral antigens were detected in lymphoid cells in lymphoid follicles in the colon by immunohistochemical staining. In conclusion, SFTSV had recently invaded the area and had rapidly spread among wild animals. The first patient in this area was reported in June 2014, indicating that raccoons are good sentinels for assessing the risk of SFTSV in humans.

Aim The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a comprehensive mobile application program in managing behavior and psychological symptoms of home-dwelling patients with dementia in South Korea. Methods A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was conducted. A total of 26 family caregivers participated in this study. The application program consists of understanding of dementia, interventions, communication skills, coping methods, and bulletin boards. Data collection was performed from July 9, 2018, to October 4, 2018. Family caregivers' fatigue, sleep, and burden and patients with behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia were measured. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, independent t tests, Mann-Whitney U test, repeated measures analysis of variance, and Friedman test were used. Results The application program offered environmental management in an intervention using communication skills and coping methods, depending on the behavioral and psychological symptom type. The results showed significant differences between the two groups in family caregivers' fatigue (F = 11.24, p = .003) and burden (χ2 = 10.55, p = .005). Conclusion The findings showed the application program improved family caregivers' fatigue and burden. It also suggested there is a need to develop a wandering persons location program to improve family caregivers' stress and patients' behavioral problems in future studies.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of aromatherapy on agitation in patients with dementia using a meta-analysis and systemic literature review. Methods: The EMBASE, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and other databases were searched up to November 2017. Results: Of 419 publications identified, 12 met inclusion criteria, and 9 studies were used to estimate the effect size of aromatherapy. A total of 837 participants across all studies were included. The commonly applied methods were massage (50%), type of oil lavender (75%), and instrument Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (75%). A medium effect size of aromatherapy on agitation was identified (d=-0.56, I2=65.0%, p=.001). The massage group has lower effect size than the other group (d=-0.98, I2=0.0%, p=.001). Conclusion: Aromatherapy appears to be effective in improving agitation in patients with dementia. However, further studies for home-dwelling patients with dementia and with different types of aroma oil should be conducted in the future. In addition, research with well-designed are needed to assess the effects or aromatherapy on agitation.

T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B cell lymphoma (THR-BCL) is morphologic variants and subtypes of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Four immunomorphologic criteria were applied to distinguish THR-BCL from DLBCL. a diffuse or vaguely nodular pattern of neoplastic infiltrate, the presence of scattered large atypical lymphoid cells that are of B-cell phenotype, predominance of a reactive background infiltrate, composed of both T-cell and non-epithelioid histiocytes, minimal presence of small B-cells in neoplastic areas. Bcl-6 protein expression, which was generally accepted markers of germinal center differentiation, was noted more than half of the THR-BCL cases. THR-BCL predominantly affected middle-aged men who present with advanced disease and an unusually high percentage of bone marrow (BM) involvement. Here we report a pediatric case of THR-BCL. 14-year-old boy was presented with both cervical mass which was observed 1 month ago. He complained generalized weakness and chest discomfort had fever. Cervical lymph node and BM biopsy were taken. Laboratory finding was as follows; Hemoglobin 10.4 mg/dL, hematocrit 31 %, leukocyte 6,730/μL, platelet 219,000/μL. Na 128 mmol/L, K 4.6 mmol/L, Cl 95.4 mmol/L, BUN 10 mg/dL, Cr 1.2 mg/dL, LDH 2,108 U/L. Lymph node specimen showed diffuse large B cell lymphoma and numerous histiocytes. Immnuohistochemical staining; CD 20(+), CD 10(−), CD 3(+), CD 68(+). Ann Arbor stage is IVB, international prognostic index is high-intermediate risk. He received induction chemotherapy with prednisolone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, rituximab and achieved remission and now he have continued chemotherapy for 7 months in state of complete remission. THR-BCL is a distinct clinicopathologic entity within DLBCL that is characterized by an aggressive behavior and high risk of treatment of failure. That is the reason why delineate this subgroup. Experimental therapeutic strategy was indicated in patients who relapsed after having obtained a complete remission or had partial response after initial chemotherapy.