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Gas protective walls are safety elements that can withstand the pressure of fires or explosions caused by gas leaks, thus preventing the spread of explosion damage to other facilities or operators. However, in the new construction or expansion of gas facility rooms in existing buildings, the barrier must often be built even if it does not satisfy the legal standards regarding the accepted construction methods. In these cases, the gas barrier for the existing building should be constructed by the new construction method using chemical anchor bolts. However, no performance evaluation data or reliable engineering verification results are available for the entire gas facility room based on actual experiments. In this study, based on a review of regulations on gas barriers, the protective performances of the new barriers were compared in terms of displacement, rotation angle, rebar strain, and yield value of the concrete surface through actual strength demonstration experiments. Based on these results, the protection performance of an entire gas facility room that could not be constructed and tested in real time was evaluated by a fluid structure interaction (FSI) analysis using the TNT(Trinitrotoluene) equivalency method and three-dimensional AUTODYN.

The fatigue life prediction method using numerical analysis is the latest evaluation technology to predict the fatigue life using the stress data obtained from the structural analysis in order to reduce the evaluation time and cost. A rolling mill is a machine that produces a coil by rolling the material by a roller and the spindle of the rolling mill device serves to transmit the power to the rollers by periodically rotating by the motor. These spindles consist of universal joints, shafts and bearings to deliver power to the rollers. The spindle of the rolling mill is always exposed to the environment subjected to the fatigue load due to the rotation moment by the periodic rotation and there is possibility of the breakage accident due to this. It is very important to prevent breakage by predicting the fatigue life of the spindle in a dynamic operating environment. Therefore, in this study, dynamic stress analysis is performed considering the actual rotating environment conditions using ADINA. Based on the results of stress analysis, we want to predict fatigue life considering dynamic operating environment using WINLIFE that is used for the evaluation of the fatigue life of single shafts, multi-shafts, and gear bearings. Fatigue life analysis of the spindle of the rolling mill using linear cumulative damage theory using S-N curve and equivalent stress was performed in order to evaluate the fatigue life. Stress-life fatigue theory is a method of calculating the lifetime by the minimum input showing the fatigue characteristics of the material.

Natural gas vehicles use natural gas as a raw material; thus, compared to conventional diesel vehicles, there is no soot or fine dust produced, the noise generated is half, and the amount of air pollution is one tenth. Despite a considerable increase in their demand, there is still much controversy in terms of their safety, and safety-related accidents have frequently occurred in recent years. According to reports, most compressed natural gas (CNG) bus accidents are caused by the rupture of the pressure vessel, and the reason for this accident is that the containers show a high number of manufacturing defects. In the case of a metallic liner, the mechanical properties and rupture characteristics of the pressure vessel vary greatly depending on the method and conditions of the heat treatment process. Several accidents where pressure vessels have ruptured have been reported, and all these ruptures occurred owing to brittle fracture of the container because the mechanical properties, such as the tensile strength and the fatigue strength of the CNG vessel changed in comparison with the normal vessel owing to poor heat treatment processes. In this study, we compared and analyzed the structural integrity and fatigue characteristics of the normal vessel and the poorly heat-treated vessel under charging conditions and under an atmospheric environment, where the vessel is mounted on an actual CNG bus. This comparison is made through a heat convection and conduction analysis using SINDA/FLUENT and a structure and fatigue analysis using ADINA and winLIFE.

Pressure vessels are subjected to repeated loads during use and charging, which can causefine physical damage even in the elastic region. If the load is repeated under stress conditions belowthe yield strength, internal damage accumulates. Fatigue life evaluation of the structure of thepressure vessel using finite element analysis (FEA) is used to evaluate the life cycle of the structuraldesign based on finite element method (FEM) technology. This technique is more advanced thanfatigue life prediction that uses relational equations. This study describes fatigue analysis to predictthe fatigue life of a pressure vessel using stress data obtained from FEA. The life prediction results areuseful for improving the component design at a very early development stage. The fatigue life of thepressure vessel is calculated for each node on the model, and cumulative damage theory is used tocalculate the fatigue life. Then, the fatigue life is calculated from this information using the FEanalysis software ADINA and the fatigue life calculation program WINLIFE.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:45:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-02-01 Acceligen Inc. Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Reproduction School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences São Paulo State University (Unesp), 14884-900 Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n School of Veterinary Sciences Zootechnical Research Unit University of Zulia, Av. Guajira Department of Animal Production and Health School of Veterinary Medicine São Paulo State University (Unesp), 16050-680 R. Clóvis Pestana 793 – Dona Amelia International Atomic Energy Agency Collaborating Centre on Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, 16050-680 R. Clóvis Pestana 793 – Dona Amelia Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Reproduction School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences São Paulo State University (Unesp), 14884-900 Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n Department of Animal Production and Health School of Veterinary Medicine São Paulo State University (Unesp), 16050-680 R. Clóvis Pestana 793 – Dona Amelia

Additional file of Genomic characteristics of cattle copy number variations

Authors’ original file for figure 3

Additional file 1:Supplemental Material file. Table S1. Numbers of species, breeds, animals and trios used to call CNVs genotyped by BovineSNP50 assay. Table S2. Btau_4.0 cattle CNV regions and their frequencies. Table S3. Comparison of CNV regions identified on two cattle genome assemblies. Table S4. UMD3 cattle CNV regions and their frequencies. Table S5. The comparison of CNVs from 39 trios using three CNV calling algorithms: individual-calling, posterior-calling and joint-calling. Table S7. Outgroup CNV regions and their frequencies. Table S8. The effects of CNV length and frequency on calling consistances between CNV callings based on SNP array and aCGH. Table S9. qPCR Summary. Table S10. Over/Underrepresentation of PANTHER molecular function, biological process and pathway terms. Table S12. CNVR frequency differences among breeds. Figure S1. Illustration of a typical CNV call with qPCR validation. (DOC 3 MB)

Authors’ original file for figure 2

Cattle domestication occurred at least twice independently and gave rise to the modern taurine and indicine cattle breeds. European cattle diversity is generally dominated by taurine cattle, although elevated levels of indicine ancestry have been recorded in several breeds from southern Europe. Here we use genome-wide high-density SNP genotyping data to investigate the taurine and indicine ancestry in southern European cattle, based on a dataset comprising 508 individuals from 23 cattle breeds of taurine, indicine and mixed ancestry, including three breeds from Central Italy known to exhibit the highest levels of indicine introgression among southern European breeds. Based on local genomic ancestry analyses, we reconstruct taurine and indicine ancestry genome-wide and along chromosomes. We scrutinise local genomic introgression signals and identify genomic regions that have introgressed from indicine into taurine cattle under positive selection, harbouring genes with functions related to body size and feed efficiency. These findings suggest that indicine-derived traits helped enhance Central Italian cattle through adaptive introgression. The identified genes could provide genomic targets for selection for improved cattle performance. Our findings elucidate the key role of adaptive introgression in shaping the phenotypic features of modern cattle, aided by cultural and livestock exchange among historic human societies.

Authors’ original file for figure 1

Cutting iron bars using a gas cutting machine is indispensable inside puddles of pier foundations. However, gas explosive accidents constantly occur as a result of the leakage of gas. It is necessary to perform specialized and systematic evaluations on structural stability, such as internal stress of the support structure, because the structural stability dominates the explosion and the collapse possibility of the structure. In this study, a structure-fluid interaction analysis was performed using an explosion commercial program, 2D/3D AUTODYN, to apply engineering numerical analysis technology to analyze the fracture behavior. The structural stability of the supporting structure in puddles was evaluated.

In this study, to identify genomic signatures of divergent selection, we genotyped 10 cattle breeds/populations (n = 275), representing eight Ethiopian cattle populations (n = 229) and two zebu populations (n = 46) adapted to tropical and sub-tropical environments, using the high-density single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) derived mainly from Bos indicus breeds, and using five reference taurine breeds (n = 212). Population genetic differentiation (FST ) values across sliding windows were estimated between zebu and reference combined taurine breeds. The most differentiated regions (FST ≥ 0.53), representing the top 1% smoothed FST values, were considered to represent regions under diversifying selection. In total, 285 and 317 genes were identified in the comparisons of Ethiopian cattle with taurine and Asian zebu with taurine respectively. Some of these genes are involved in stress responses/thermo-tolerance and DNA damage repair (HSPA4, HSF1, CMPK1 and EIF2AK4), pigmentation (ERBB3 and MYO1A), reproduction/fertility (UBE2D3, ID3 and PSPC1), immune response (PIK3CD and AKIRIN2) and body stature and size (MBP2, LYN and NPM1). Additionally, the candidate genes were associated with functional terms (e.g. cellular response to stress, DNA repair, inflammatory response) important for physiological adaptation to environmental stresses. The results of our study may shed light on the influence of artificial and natural selection in shaping the genomic diversity of modern cattle breeds and also may serve as a basis for further genetic investigation of traits of tropical adaptation in cattle.

High-pressure gas containers must be able to withstand high internal pressures because they store compressed gases. Otherwise, cracks or defects may lead to an explosion, which may in turn lead to a large-scale disaster. Therefore, accurate analysis of the causes of cracks or defects and various techniques for detecting cracks or defects are needed. In this research, we analyzed the failure mechanism of a high-pressure gas container through fractography using scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy and through measurements of their mechanical and chemical properties.

Material and failure analysis techniques are key tools for determining causation in case of explosive and bursting accident result from material and process defect of product in the field of forensic science. The boiler rupture generated by defect of the welding division, corrosion, overheating and degradation of the material have devastating power. If weak division of boiler burner is fractured by internal pressure, saturated vapor and water is vaporized suddenly. At that time, volume of the saturated vapor and water increases up to thousands of volume. This failure of boiler burner can lead to a fatal disaster. In order to prevent an explosion and of the boiler, it is critical to introduce a systematic investigation and prevention measures in advance. In this research, the cause of boiler failure is investigated through forensic engineering method. Specifically, the failure mechanism will be identified by fractography using scanning electron microscopes (SEM) and Optical Microscopes (OM) and mechanical characterizations. This paper presents a failure analysis of household welding joints for the water tank of a household boiler burner. Visual inspection was performed to find out the characteristics of the fracture of the as-received material. Also, the micro-structural changes such as grain growth and carbide coarsening were examined by optical microscope. Detailed studies of fracture surfaces were made to find out the crack propagation on the weld joint of a boiler burner. It was concluded that the rupture may be caused by overheating induced by insufficient water on the boiler, and it could be accelerated by the metal temperature increase.

The Persian cat is mainly characterized by an extremely brachycephalic face as part of the standard body conformation. Despite the popularity, world-wide distribution, and economic importance of the Persian cat as a fancy breed, little is known about the genetics of their hallmark morphology, brachycephaly. Over 800 cats from different breeds including Persian, non-Persian breeds (Abyssinian, Cornish Rex, Bengal, La Perm, Norwegian Forest, Maine Coon, Manx, Oriental, and Siamese), and Persian-derived breeds (British Shorthair, Scottish Fold, Selkirk Rex) were genotyped with the Illumina 63 K feline DNA array. The experimental strategy was composed of three main steps: (i) the Persian dataset was screened for runs of homozygosity to find and select highly homozygous regions; (ii) selected Persian homozygous regions were evaluated for the difference of homozygosity between Persians and those considered non-Persian breeds, and, (iii) the Persian homozygous regions most divergent from the non-Persian breeds were investigated by haplotype analysis in the Persian-derived breeds. Four regions with high homozygosity (H > 0.7) were detected, each with an average length of 1 Mb. Three regions can be considered unique to the Persian breed, with a less conservative haplotype pattern in the Persian-derived breeds. Moreover, two genes, CHL1 and CNTN6 known to determine face shape modification in humans, reside in one of the identified regions and therefore are positional candidates for the brachycephalic face in Persians. In total, the homozygous regions contained several neuronal genes that could be involved in the Persian cat behavior and can provide new insights into cat domestication.

AdaptMap consortium., [Background]: Since goat was domesticated 10,000 years ago, many factors have contributed to the differentiation of goat breeds and these are classified mainly into two types: (i) adaptation to different breeding systems and/or purposes and (ii) adaptation to different environments. As a result, approximately 600 goat breeds have developed worldwide; they differ considerably from one another in terms of phenotypic characteristics and are adapted to a wide range of climatic conditions. In this work, we analyzed the AdaptMap goat dataset, which is composed of data from more than 3000 animals collected worldwide and genotyped with the CaprineSNP50 BeadChip. These animals were partitioned into groups based on geographical area, production uses, available records on solid coat color and environmental variables including the sampling geographical coordinates, to investigate the role of natural and/or artificial selection in shaping the genome of goat breeds., [Results]: Several signatures of selection on different chromosomal regions were detected across the different breeds, sub-geographical clusters, phenotypic and climatic groups. These regions contain genes that are involved in important biological processes, such as milk-, meat- or fiber-related production, coat color, glucose pathway, oxidative stress response, size, and circadian clock differences. Our results confirm previous findings in other species on adaptation to extreme environments and human purposes and provide new genes that could explain some of the differences between goat breeds according to their geographical distribution and adaptation to different environments., [Conclusions]: These analyses of signatures of selection provide a comprehensive first picture of the global domestication process and adaptation of goat breeds and highlight possible genes that may have contributed to the differentiation of this species worldwide., Authors are grateful to all breeders and AdaptMap members who provided data to the initiative (http://www.goatadaptmap.org/) that are described in Stella et al.. The authors from the University of Milan are grateful to Stefano Frattini who was supported by the GenHome project, for supporting coordinating meetings. Support for Francesca Bertolini was provided by State of Iowa, hatch and Ensminger funds. Financial support provided in part by the Illumina Greater Good grant is appreciated.

Heat stress is one of the limiting factors negatively affecting pig production, health, and fertility. Characterizing genomic regions responsible for variation in HS tolerance would be useful in identifying important genetic factor(s) regulating physiological responses to HS. In the present study, we performed genome-wide association analyses for respiration rate (RR), rectal temperature (T(R)), and skin temperature (T(S)) during HS in 214 crossbred gilts genotyped for 68,549 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) using the Porcine SNP 70K BeadChip. Considering the top 0.1% smoothed phenotypic variances explained by SNP windows, we detected 26, 26, 21, and 14 genes that reside within SNPs explaining the largest proportion of variance (top 25 SNP windows) and associated with change in RR (ΔRR) from thermoneutral (TN) conditions to HS environment, as well as the change in prepubertal T(R) (ΔT(R)), change in postpubertal ΔT(R), and change in T(S) (ΔT(S)), respectively. The region between 28.85 Mb and 29.10 Mb on chromosome 16 explained about 0.05% of the observed variation for ΔRR. The growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene resides in this region and is associated with the HS response. The other important candidate genes associated with ΔRR (PAIP1, NNT, and TEAD4), ΔT(R) (LIMS2, TTR, and TEAD4), and ΔT(S) (ERBB4, FKBP1B, NFATC2, and ATP9A) have reported roles in the cellular stress response. The SNP explaining the largest proportion of variance and located within and in the vicinity of genes were related to apoptosis or cellular stress and are potential candidates that underlie the physiological response to HS in pigs.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-26T15:47:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-02-23 USDA, ARS projects USDA-NIFA award Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Evolutionary adaptations are occasionally convergent solutions to the same problem. A mutation contributing to a heat tolerance adaptation in Senepol cattle, a New World breed of mostly European descent, results in the distinct phenotype known as slick, where an animal has shorter hair and lower follicle density across its coat than wild type animals. The causal variant, located in the 11th exon of prolactin receptor, produces a frameshift that results in a truncated protein. However, this mutation does not explain all cases of slick coats found in criollo breeds. Here, we obtained genome sequences from slick cattle of a geographically distinct criollo breed, namely Limonero, whose ancestors were originally brought to the Americas by the Spanish. These data were used to identify new causal alleles in the 11th exon of the prolactin receptor, two of which also encode shortened proteins that remove a highly conserved tyrosine residue. These new mutations explained almost 90% of investigated cases of animals that had slick coats, but which also did not carry the Senepol slick allele. These results demonstrate convergent evolution at the molecular level in a trait important to the adaptation of an animal to its environment. CSIRO Agr & Food, St Lucia, Qld, Australia ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, USDA, Madison, WI USA Univ Zulia, Fac Ciencias Vet, Unidad Invest Zootecn, Maracaibo, Venezuela Sao Paulo State Univ, Sch Agr & Vet Sci, Dept Prevent Vet Med & Anim Reprod, Sao Paulo, Brazil Collaborating Ctr Anim Genom & Bioinformat, Int Atom Energy Agcy, Aracatuba, Brazil Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Anim Sci, Mayaguez, PR USA Univ Florida, Dept Anim Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA Uludag Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Fac Vet Med, Bursa, Turkey ARS, Anim Genom & Improvement Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA Recombinet Inc, St Paul, MN 55104 USA South China Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China Sao Paulo State Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Support Prod & Anim Hlth, Sao Paulo, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Sch Agr & Vet Sci, Dept Prevent Vet Med & Anim Reprod, Sao Paulo, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Support Prod & Anim Hlth, Sao Paulo, Brazil USDA, ARS projects: 1245-31000-104-00D USDA, ARS projects: 5090-31000-024-00-D USDA-NIFA award: 1008017/(2015-07176) FAPESP: 2014/01095-8

Goats and sheep are versatile domesticates that have been integrated into diverse environments and production systems. Natural and artificial selection have shaped the variation in the two species, but natural selection has played the major role among indigenous flocks. To investigate signals of natural selection, we analyzed genotype data generated using the caprine and ovine 50K SNP BeadChips from Barki goats and sheep that are indigenous to a hot arid environment in Egypt's Coastal Zone of the Western Desert. We identify several candidate regions under selection that spanned 119 genes. A majority of the genes were involved in multiple signaling and signal transduction pathways in a wide variety of cellular and biochemical processes. In particular, selection signatures spanning several genes that directly or indirectly influenced traits for adaptation to hot arid environments, such as thermo-tolerance (melanogenesis) (FGF2, GNAI3, PLCB1), body size and development (BMP2, BMP4, GJA3, GJB2), energy and digestive metabolism (MYH, TRHDE, ALDH1A3), and nervous and autoimmune response (GRIA1, IL2, IL7, IL21, IL1R1) were identified. We also identified eight common candidate genes under selection in the two species and a shared selection signature that spanned a conserved syntenic segment to bovine chromosome 12 on caprine and ovine chromosomes 12 and 10, respectively, providing, most likely, the evidence for selection in a common environment in two different but closely related species. Our study highlights the importance of indigenous livestock as model organisms for investigating selection sweeps and genome-wide association mapping.

c-MYC (v-myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homologue) is a transcription factor that plays important role in many biological process including cell growth and differentiation, such as myogenesis and adipogenesis. In this study, we aimed to detect MYC gene polymorphisms, their genotype frequencies and to determine associations between these polymorphisms and meat quality traits in Berkshire pigs. We identified a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in intron 2 of MYC gene by Sanger sequencing, i.e., g.3350G>C (rs321898326), that is only found in Berkshire pigs, but not in other breeds including Duroc, Landrace, and Yorkshire pigs that were used in this study. Genotypes of total 378 Berkshire pigs (138 sows and 240 boars) were determined using Hha I restriction enzyme digestion after polymerase chain reaction. Observed allele frequencies of GG, GC, and CC genotypes were 0.399, 0.508, and 0.093 respectively. Statistical analysis indicated that the g.3350G>C polymorphism was significantly associated with pH45min and cooking loss (p C SNP can be used for pre-selection of pH45min and cooking loss traits in Berkshire pigs.

Intramuscular fat (IMF) content is an important trait affecting the quality of pork. Two Duroc populations, one under positive selection for IMF and the other selected for decreased backfat but under stabilizing selection for IMF, were used to identify signatures of selection associated with IMF using 60,000 single-nucleotide polymorphism data. The effects of selection were analyzed between 2 lines or groups representing selected and control animals within each population using a discriminant analysis of principal components and Wright’s fixation index (FST). Moreover, extended haplotype homozygosity-based approaches were used to examine the changes in haplotype frequency due to recent selection. Each statistical method identified 10–20 selection signatures. A few haplotype-based signatures of selection agreed with results from a genome-wide association study (GWAS), while FST measures showed a better agreement with GWAS results. Agreement of marker-trait associations and signatures of selection was limited, and further examination will be necessary to understand the effect of selection on IMF and why some regions identified by GWAS did not appear to respond to the selection practiced. The genes in 21 consensus selection signatures were examined. Several genes with an effect on overall fatness were identified, but further research is needed to assess whether or not some of them could have a specific effect on IMF.

In this study, we used two breeds of chicken to identify genomic regions corresponding to necrotic enteritis (NE) resistance. We scanned the genomes of a resistant and susceptible line of Fayoumi and White Leghorn chickens (20 birds/line) using a chicken 60 K Illumina SNP panel. A total of 235 loci with divergently fixed alleles were identified across the genome in both breeds; particularly, several clusters of multiple loci with fixed alleles were found in five narrow regions. Moreover, consensus 15-SNP haplotypes that were shared by the resistant lines of both breeds were identified on chromosomes 3, 7 and 9. Genes responsible for NE resistance were identified in chicken lines selected for resistance and susceptibility. Annotation of the regions spanning clustered divergently fixed regions revealed a set of interesting candidate genes such as phosphoinositide-3-kinase, regulatory subunit 5, p101 (PIK3R5) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 1 (ITPR1), which participate in immune response. Consensus haplotypes were found in regions containing possibly relevant genes, such as myostatin and myosin, which play important roles in muscle development. Thus, genome scans of divergent selection in multiple chicken lines and breeds can be used to identify genomic regions associated with NE resistance.

African indigenous sheep are classified as fat-tail, thin-tail and fat-rump hair sheep. The fat-tail are well adapted to dryland environments, but little is known on their genome profiles. We analyzed patterns of genomic variation by genotyping, with the Ovine SNP50K microarray, 394 individuals from five populations of fat-tail sheep from a desert environment in Egypt. Comparative inferences with other East African and western Asia fat-tail and European sheep, reveal at least two phylogeographically distinct genepools of fat-tail sheep in Africa that differ from the European genepool, suggesting separate evolutionary and breeding history. We identified 24 candidate selection sweep regions, spanning 172 potentially novel and known genes, which are enriched with genes underpinning dryland adaptation physiology. In particular, we found selection sweeps spanning genes and/or pathways associated with metabolism; response to stress, ultraviolet radiation, oxidative stress and DNA damage repair; activation of immune response; regulation of reproduction, organ function and development, body size and morphology, skin and hair pigmentation, and keratinization. Our findings provide insights on the complexity of genome architecture regarding dryland stress adaptation in the fat-tail sheep and showcase the indigenous stocks as appropriate genotypes for adaptation planning to sustain livestock production and human livelihoods, under future climates.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:16:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-12-01 The recent evolution of cattle is marked by fluctuations in body size. Height in the Bos taurus lineage was reduced by a factor of ∼1.5 from the Neolithic to the Middle Ages, and increased again only during the Early Modern Ages. Using haplotype analysis, we found evidence that the bovine PLAG1 mutation (Q) with major effects on body size, weight and reproduction is a >1,000 years old derived allele that increased rapidly in frequency in Northwestern European B. taurus between the 16th and 18th centuries. Towards the 19th and 20th centuries, Q was introgressed into non-European B. taurus and Bos indicus breeds. These data implicate a major role of Q in recent changes in body size in modern cattle, and represent one of the first examples of a genomic sweep in livestock that was driven by selection on a complex trait. São Paulo State University (Unesp) School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences Jaboticabal Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Reproduction International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Collaborating Centre on Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Istituto di Zootecnica BioDNA Centro di Ricerca sulla Biodiversità e sul DNA Antico Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore São Paulo State University (Unesp) School of Veterinary Medicine Araçatuba Department of Support Production and Animal Health Recombinetics Inc. UFPI - Universidade Federal do Piauí Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory Agricultural Research Service USDA Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia (EVZ) Universidade Federal de Goiás - UFG Campus Samambaia São Paulo State University (Unesp) School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences Jaboticabal Department of Animal Science GenSys Consultores Associados Centro Universitário Católico Salesiano Department of Anthropology University of Maryland Dipartimento di Storia Archeologia e Storia dell'Arte Facoltà di Lettere e Filosofia Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Società Friulana di Archeologia Istituto di Genomica Applicata Dipartamento di Scienze Agrarie ed Ambientali Università di Udine BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems Division of Livestock Sciences São Paulo State University (Unesp) School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences Jaboticabal Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Reproduction São Paulo State University (Unesp) School of Veterinary Medicine Araçatuba Department of Support Production and Animal Health São Paulo State University (Unesp) School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences Jaboticabal Department of Animal Science

Bursting accidents of pressure containers due to design and manufacturing defects are frequently occurring. Due to high-pressure gas or harmful substances, when this vessel is fractured, it can lead to catastrophic disasters. Especially, in the event of bursting accident of composite pressure vessel for CNG bus, many unspecified people can be damaged. Most of the accidents were caused by problems in the manufacturing process. The manufacturing process for TYPE2 pressure vessel is very complicated such as three drawing processes, two ironing processes and one spinning process. In the middle of process, various heat treatments are performed for imparting toughness and removing residual stresses. It should cause a serious problem such as bursting and fragmentation of the pressure container due to defects of this process. In this research, the fracture cause of CNG vessel is evaluated through fractography and measuring material property using IIT and analysis of chemical composition.

Pork from Jeju black pig (population 3) and Berkshire (population B) has a unique market share in Korea because of their high meat quality. Due to the high demand of this pork, traceability of the pork to its origin is becoming an important part of the consumer demand. To examine the feasibility of such a system, we aim to provide basic genetic information of the two black pig populations and assess the possibility of genetically distinguishing between the two breeds. Muscle samples were collected from slaughter houses in Jeju Island and Namwon, Chonbuk province, Korea, for populations J and B, respectively. In total 800 Jeju black pigs and 351 Berkshires were genotyped at thirteen microsatellite (MS) markers. Analyses on the genetic diversity of the two populations were carried out in the programs MS toolkit and FSTAT. The population structure of the two breeds was determined by a Bayesian clustering method implemented in structure and by a phylogenetic analysis in Phylip. Population J exhibited higher mean number of alleles, expected heterozygosity and observed heterozygosity value, and polymorphism information content, compared to population B. The F-IS values of population J and population B were 0.03 and -0.005, respectively, indicating that little or no inbreeding has occurred. In addition, genetic structure analysis revealed the possibility of gene flow from population B to population J. The expected probability of identify value of the 13 MS markers was 9.87x10(-14) in population J, 3.17x10(-9) in population B, and 1.03x10(-12) in the two populations. The results of this study are useful in distinguishing between the two black pig breeds and can be used as a foundation for further development of DNA markers.

This paper presents a study on the reliability estimation of the spider assembly of the front loading washing machine. To achieve the analytical certification of the current design of the spider assembly of the washing machine, fatigue life test, finite element analysis, physical experimentation, and a classification processes were conducted. First, the conventional finite element analysis and fatigue life analysis were conducted and their simulation results have been validated by physical experiments in this research. The probability of failure is estimated by a classification process. Specifically, the probabilistic neural network classifier is incorporated into the simulation process to reduce the number of finite element analysis calculations while ensuring the prediction accuracy of the failure probability. Based on the estimated failure probability and other structural analysis results, the margin of the performance of the spider assembly is fully identified.

MYC (v-myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homologue) is a regulator gene that encodes for a nuclear phosphoprotein. Porcine MYC gene was mapped on chromosome SSC 4p13 and is associated with a variety of functions such as cell proliferation and cell growth. MYC expression is coupled to a multitude of physiological processes and is regulated by hormones, growth factors, cytokines, lymphokines, nutritional status, development and differentiation. MYC is also involved in myogenesis, muscle hyperplasia and adipogenesis. In this study, we investigated SNPs in MYC gene and their association with economic traits in Duroc, Landrace and Yorkshire populations. We detected a single point mutation in exon 3 of porcine MYC gene as a change of T to C at 906 base (amino acid position 302, nonsynomous mutation of alanine) in MYC-N domain. MYC mutation (T906C) was significantly associated with age at 90 kg in these breeds, signifying that this mutation can serve as a selection marker for growth traits in pigs.

The vehicle using compressed natural gas (CNG) trend to be extended in use internationally as optimal counterplan for reducing discharge gas of light oil due to high concern about environment. However, because NGV (Natural Gas Vehicle) is equipped with composite pressure vessel (CPV) and the CPV contain compressed natural gas, the risks in the case of accident is very high. The main cause of rupture accident for NGV is due to the defect of heat treatment for the vessel at the manufacturing stage and the rupture characteristics vary greatly depending on the heat treatment conditions. In this study, explicit dynamics analysis was performed to evaluate the bursting characteristics of the CNG pressure containers by heat treatment. Explicit dynamics analysis is numerical analysis method applied to the large deformation analysis that occurs instantaneously such as collision and explosion. The condition of the defect for heat treatment is that quenching and tempering temperatures applied to the normal vessel were adjusted and explicit dynamics analysis was performed using AUTODYN for each case. It is possible to understand how important the heat treatment process is in the high pressure vessel unlike any product.

Recently, to resolve problems regarding legal liability for accidents and disasters, various simulation techniques such as F.E.M. and F.V.M. have been used in the field of forensic engineering. In this study, we performed mechanical structure analysis using ADINA to investigate the cause of bridge collapse accidents. Such accidents occurred owing to modified and missing processes in comparison with the original design while filling with concrete. Modified and missing processes cause buckling of the upper plate and twisting of the main girder. Through this study, we determine the exact cause of bridge collapse by comparing the evaluation of the structure stability of the original design with the evaluation of the structure stability of the modified and missing process using ADINA structure analysis. Hence, this result indicates that buckling prediction through FEA is the most effective method.

As environmental issues threaten the widespread use of fossil fuels, Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) vehicles are explored as an alternative to the conventional gasoline powered vehicles. CNG vehicles have to be equipped with safe and reliable storage tanks, such as composite pressure vessels, since the failure of the CNG storage tank can lead to passenger fatalities and injuries. The most probable causes of failure of the CNG vehicles are fire and vessel fracture. In this research, the cause of vessel failure is investigated through formal inspection and engineering test procedures. Specifically, the failure mechanism will be identified by fractography, and the material properties of a reference part will be investigated through the instrumented indentation technique. Moreover, the composite pressure vessel design will be validated using the finite element method.

There are three major hot and dry deserts in North America, all located in the Western United States and Northern Mexico. Desert areas are facing serious environmental challenges, most importantly drought and water shortages caused, to a large extent, by global warming which have been reducing agricultural production and rural community incomes. Therefore the need for adapted livestock populations that can cope with increasing stresses occasioned by desert climate change and still be able to produce economically to support agricultural industries in desert communities is becoming a priority. In this study we utilized several genetic approaches to analyze genotype data generated using sheep and goat 50K Illumina SNP Beadchips to investigate tolerance to grazing stress in desert sheep and goats. For signatures of selection (SS) analyses, which detect regions in the genome under natural selection, genotype data were from 394 and 366 Egyptian desert sheep and goats, and 895 and 464 non-desert sheep and goats, respectively. For genome wide association analyses (GWAS), which detect genomic regions associated with grazing-stress-affected physiological parameters, data from 182 and 151 Barki sheep and goats, were analyzed. Several candidate regions exhibiting selection signatures were observed in both species. Results could prove useful in genomic selection and identification of genes involved in desert stress tolerance.

A new optical film is proposed to reduce angular color shifts of liquid crystal displays (LCDs). The film is composed of microstructures to induce the angular light mixing by deflection and reflection at the microstructure surfaces. A simulation scheme was developed to predict color shifts based on geometrical optics, and applied to design and optimize the microstructures. Among various microstructures studied, parallel grooves with parabolic cross sections were found to be the most efficient in redistributing light. Experimental verification by the UV micro-imprinting method were conducted to show the new film design can reduce the angular shifts by 50% or more for 13 primary and secondary colors of a super-patterned vertical alignment (S-PVA) LCD, and greatly reduce the grey inversion of twisted nematic (TN) LCDs as well.

CNG vehicles have to be equipped with a safe and reliable storage tank, such as composite pressure vessels, since the failure of the CNG storage tank induces fatal damages to passengers. In this research, the cause of vessel facture is investigated through formal inspection and engineering test procedures. Specifically, the composite pressure vessel design will be validated using the finite element method. In order to validate values of the optimal design variables in accordance with standard of the high pressure gas safety management, we used safety probability such as Von-Mises yield criterion, Tsai-Hill theory and stress ratio.