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1. Optical lineshapes of the C-center in silicon from ab initio calculations: Interplay of localized modes and bulk phonons

Author

Silkinis, Rokas, Maciaszek, Marek, Žalandauskas, Vytautas, Bathen, Marianne Etzelmüller, Vines, Lasse, Alkauskas, Audrius, and Razinkovas, Lukas

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

In this work, we present a first-principles density functional theory (DFT) computational investigation of the luminescence and absorption lineshapes associated with the neutral carbon-oxygen interstitial pair (CiOi) defect in silicon. We obtain the lineshapes of the defect in the dilute limit using a computational methodology that constructs dynamical matrices of supercells containing tens of thousands of atoms, utilizing systems directly accessible through DFT. Both perturbed bulk phonons and localized vibrations contribute to the phonon sideband. We achieve excellent agreement with experimental luminescence data. Our findings further reinforce the attribution of the well-known C-line in silicon to the neutral CiOi complex., Comment: 14 pages, 9 figures, 3 tables, 16 equations

Published
2024

2. Surface Structuring of Patterned 4H-SiC Surfaces Using a SiC/Si/SiC Sandwich Approach

Author

Jousseaume, Yann, Kumar, Piyush, Bathen, Marianne Etzelmüller, Cauwet, François, Grossner, Ulrike, and Ferro, Gabriel

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract

Mesa- and trench-patterned surfaces of 4H-SiC(0001) 4{\textdegree}off wafers were structured in macrosteps using Si melting in a SiC-Si-SiC sandwich configuration. Si spreading difficulties were observed in the case of trench-patterned samples while the attempts on mesa-patterned ones were more successful. In the latter case, parallel macrosteps were formed on both the dry-etched and unetched areas though these macrosteps rarely cross the patterns edges. The proposed mechanism involved preferential etching at Si-C bilayer step edges and fast lateral propagation along the [1120] direction.

Published
2024
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4. How is tailored implementation undertaken using a self-guided toolkit? Qualitative study of the ItFits-toolkit in the ImpleMentAll project

Author

Tracy L. Finch, Sebastian Potthoff, Carl R. May, Melissa Girling, Neil Perkins, Christiaan Vis, Leah Bührmann, Anne Etzelmueller, Claire Rosalie van Genugten, Josien Schuurmans, Jordi Piera-Jiménez, Tim Rapley, and on behalf of the ImpleMentAll consortium

Subjects
Implementation strategies, Tailoring, Toolkit, Implementers, Self-guidance, Determinants assessment, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Abstract Background The process of tailored implementation is ill-defined and under-explored. The ItFits-toolkit was developed and subsequently tested as a self-guided online platform to facilitate implementation of tailored strategies for internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy (iCBT) services. In ImpleMentAll, ItFits-toolkit had a small but positive effect on the primary outcome of iCBT normalisation. This paper investigates, from a qualitative perspective, how implementation teams developed and undertook tailored implementation using the toolkit within the trial. Methods Implementation teams in thirteen sites from nine countries (Europe and Australia) used the ItFits-toolkit for six months minimum, consistent with the trial protocol. A qualitative process evaluation was conducted. Descriptive data regarding goals, barriers, strategies, and implementation plans collected within the toolkit informed qualitative data collection in real time. Qualitative data included remote longitudinal interviews (n = 55) with implementation team members (n = 30) and observations of support calls (n = 19) with study sites. Qualitative data were analysed thematically, using a team-based approach. Results Implementation teams developed and executed tailored implementation projects across all steps in the toolkit process. Working in a structured way but with room for flexibility, decisions were shaped by team members’ ideas and goals, iterative stakeholder engagement, internal and external influences, and the context of the ImpleMentAll project. Although teams reported some positive impacts of their projects, ‘time’, both for undertaking the work, and for seeing project impacts, was described as a key factor in decisions about implementation strategies and assessments of success. Conclusion This study responds directly to McHugh et al.’s (2022) call for empirical description of what implementation tailoring looks like in action, in service settings. Self-guided facilitation of tailored implementation enables implementers in service settings to undertake tailoring within their organisations. Implementation tailoring takes considerable time and involves detailed work but can be supported through the provision of implementation science informed guidance and materials, iterative and ongoing stakeholder engagement, and working reflectively in response to external influencing factors. Directions for advancement of tailored implementation are suggested.

Published
2024
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5. Investigation of the SiO2-SiC interface using low energy muon spin rotation spectroscopy

Author

Kumar, Piyush, Martins, Maria Inês Mendes, Bathen, Marianne Etzelmüller, Woerle, Judith, Prokscha, Thomas, and Grossner, Ulrike

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Using positive muons as local probes implanted at low energy enables gathering information about the material of interest with nanometer depth resolution (low energy muon spin rotation spectroscopy (LE-$\mu$SR). In this work, we leverage the capabilities of LE-$\mu$SR to perform an investigation of the SiO$_\text{2}$-SiC interface. Thermally oxidized samples are investigated before and after annealing in nitric oxide (NO) and argon (Ar) ambience. Thermal oxidation is found to result in structural changes both in the SiC crystal close to the interface and at the interface itself. Annealing in NO environment is known to passivate the defects leading to a reduction of the density of interface traps (D$_{it}$); LE-$\mu$SR further reveals that the NO annealing results in a thin layer of high carrier concentration in SiC, extending to more than 50 nm depending on the annealing conditions. We also see indications of Si vacancy (V$_{Si}$) formation in SiC after thermal oxidation. Following NO annealing, nitrogen occupies the V$_{Si}$ sites, leading to the reduction in D$_{it}$ and at the same time, creating a charge-carrier-rich region near the interface. By comparing the LE-$\mu$SR data from a sample with known doping density, we perform a high-resolution quantification of the free carrier concentration near the interface after NO annealing and discuss the origin of observed near-surface variations. Finally, the depletion of carriers in a MOS capacitor in the region below the interface is shown using LE-$\mu$SR. The NO annealed sample shows the narrowest depletion region, likely due to the reduced D$_{it}$ and charge-carrier-rich region near the interface. Our findings demonstrate the many benefits of utilizing LE-$\mu$SR to study critical regions of semiconductor devices that have been inaccessible with other techniques while retaining nanoscale depth resolution and a non-destructive approach., Comment: 14 pages, 12 figures

Published
2022

6. Predicting Solid State Material Platforms for Quantum Technologies

Author

Hebnes, Oliver Lerstøl, Bathen, Marianne Etzelmüller, Schøyen, Øyvind Sigmundson, Larsen, Sebastian G. Winther, Vines, Lasse, and Hjorth-Jensen, Morten

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Physics - Computational Physics, Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability
Abstract

Semiconductor materials provide a compelling platform for quantum technologies (QT), and the properties of a vast amount of materials can be found in databases containing information from both experimental and theoretical explorations. However, searching these databases to find promising candidate materials for quantum technology applications is a major challenge. Therefore, we have developed a framework for the automated discovery of semiconductor host platforms for QT using material informatics and machine learning methods, resulting in a dataset consisting of over $25.000$ materials and nearly $5000$ physics-informed features. Three approaches were devised, named the Ferrenti, extended Ferrenti and the empirical approach, to label data for the supervised machine learning (ML) methods logistic regression, decision trees, random forests and gradient boosting. We find that of the three, the empirical approach relying exclusively on findings from the literature predicted substantially fewer candidates than the other two approaches with a clear distinction between suitable and unsuitable candidates when comparing the two largest eigenvalues in the covariance matrix. In contrast to expectations from the literature and that found for the Ferrenti and extended Ferrenti approaches focusing on band gap and ionic character, the ML methods from the empirical approach highlighted features related to symmetry and crystal structure, including bond length, orientation and radial distribution, as influential when predicting a material as suitable for QT. All three approaches and all four ML methods agreed on a subset of $47$ eligible candidates %(to a probability of $>50 \ \%$) of $8$ elemental, $29$ binary, and $10$ tertiary compounds, and provide a basis for further material explorations towards quantum technology., Comment: 23 pages, 18 figures

Published
2022
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7. PANDA Barrel DIRC: From Design to Component Production

Author

Schepers, G, Belias, A, Dzhygadlo, R, Gerhardt, A, Lehmann, D, Peters, K, Schwarz, C, Schwiening, J, Traxler, M, Schmitt, L, Böhm, M, Krauss, S, Lehmann, A, Miehling, D, Pfaffinger, M, Düren, M, Etzelmüller, E, Föhl, K, Hayrapetyan, A, Köseoglu, I, Schmidt, M, Wasem, T, Sfienti, C, Ali, A, Barnyakov, A, Beloborodov, K, Kononov, S, and Kuyanov, I

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Excellent particle identification (PID) will be essential for the PANDA experiment at FAIR. The Barrel DIRC will separate kaons and pions with at least 3 s.d. for momenta up to 3.5 GeV/c and polar angles between 22 and 140 deg. After successful validation of the final design in the CERN PS/T9 beam line, the tendering process for the two most time- and cost-intensive items, radiator bars and MCP-PMTs, started in 2018. In Sep. 2019 Nikon was selected to build the fused silica bars and successfully completed the series production of 112 bars in Feb. 2021. Measurements of the mechanical quality of the bars were performed by Nikon and the optical quality was evaluated at GSI. In Dec. 2020, the contract for the fabrication of the MCP-PMTs was awarded to PHOTONIS and the delivery of the first-of-series MCP-PMTs is expected in July 2021. We present the design of the PANDA Barrel DIRC as well as the status of the component series production and the result of the quality assurance measurements., Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, TIPP2021 TRIUMF Vancouver, Canada

Published
2022
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8. Formation of carbon interstitial-related defect levels by thermal injection of carbon into $n$-type 4$H$-SiC

Author

Karsthof, Robert, Bathen, Marianne Etzelmüller, Kuznetsov, Andrej, and Vines, Lasse

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract

Electrical properties of point defects in 4$H$-SiC have been studied extensively, but those related to carbon interstitials (C$_{i}$) have remained surprisingly elusive until now. Indeed, when introduced via ion irradiation or implantation, signatures related to C$_{i}$ observed by deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) tend to overlap with those of other primary defects, making the direct identification of C$_{i}$-related levels difficult. Recent literature has suggested to assign the so-called M center, often found in as-irradiated 4H-SiC, to charge state transitions of the C$_{i}$ defect in different configurations. In this work, we have introduced excess carbon into low-doped n-type 150 {\mu}m thick 4$H$-SiC epilayers by thermal annealing, with a pyrolyzed carbon cap on the sample surface acting as a carbon source. Because the layers exhibited initially low concentrations of carbon vacancies ([V$_{C}$] = 10$^{11}$ cm$^{-3}$), this enabled us to study the case of complete V$_{C}$ annihilation, and formation of defects due to excess carbon, i.e. carbon interstitials C$_{i}$ and their higher-order complexes. We report on the occurrence of several new levels upon C injection which are likely C$_{i}$-related. Their properties are different from those found for the M center, which points towards a different structural identity of the detected levels. This suggests the existence of a rich variety of C$_{i}$-related defects. The study will also help generating new insights into the microscopic process of V$_{C}$ annihilation during carbon injection processes.

Published
2021
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11. Psychometric properties of two implementation measures: Normalization MeAsure Development questionnaire (NoMAD) and organizational readiness for implementing change (ORIC)

Author

P. Batterham, Caroline Allenhof, Arlinda Cerga Pashoja, A. Etzelmueller, N. Fanaj, T. Finch, J. Freund, D. Hanssen, K. Mathiasen, J. Piera-Jiménez, G. Qirjako, T. Rapley, Y. Sacco, L. Samalin, J. Schuurmans, Claire van Genugten, and C. Vis

Subjects
Mental healing, RZ400-408, Psychiatry, RC435-571
Abstract

Background Effective interventions need to be implemented successfully to achieve impact. Two theory-based measures exist for measuring the effectiveness of implementation strategies and monitor implementation progress. The Normalization MeAsure Development questionnaire (NoMAD) explores the four core concepts (Coherence, Cognitive Participation, Collective Action, Reflexive Monitoring) of the Normalization Process Theory. The Organizational Readiness for Implementing Change (ORIC) is based on the theory of Organizational Readiness for Change, measuring organization members’ psychological and behavioral preparedness for implementing a change. We examined the measurement properties of the NoMAD and ORIC in a multi-national implementation effectiveness study. Method Twelve mental health organizations in nine countries implemented Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) for common mental disorders. Staff involved in iCBT service delivery ( n = 318) participated in the study. Both measures were translated into eight languages using a standardized forward–backward translation procedure. Correlations between measures and subscales were estimated to examine convergent validity. The theoretical factor structures of the scales were tested using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Test–retest reliability was based on the correlation between scores at two time points 3 months apart. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha. Floor and ceiling effects were quantified using the proportion of zero and maximum scores. Results NoMAD and ORIC measure related but distinct latent constructs. The CFA showed that the use of a total score for each measure is appropriate. The theoretical subscales of the NoMAD had adequate internal consistency. The total scale had high internal consistency. The total ORIC scale and subscales demonstrated high internal consistency. Test–retest reliability was suboptimal for both measures and floor and ceiling effects were absent. Conclusions This study confirmed the psychometric properties of the NoMAD and ORIC in multi-national mental health care settings. While measuring on different but related aspects of implementation processes, the NoMAD and ORIC prove to be valid and reliable across different language settings. Plain Language Summary Why was the study done? Effective interventions need to be implemented successfully to achieve impact. Reliable measurement instruments are needed to determine if an implementation was successful or not. Two theory-based instruments exist for measuring the effectiveness of implementation strategies and monitor progress. The NoMAD measures aspects of normalization related to sense-making, willingness to implement, the work people do, and reflection. The Organizational Readiness for Implementing Change (ORIC) measures organization members’ preparedness for implementing a change. What did we do? This study examined whether the NoMAD and ORIC measure what they are supposed to measure. We translated the instruments from English to eight languages (Albanian, Danish, Dutch, French, German, Italian, and Spanish/Catalan) We applied various statistical methods to confirm the measurement properties, including correlations of scales, factor structures, test–retest reliability, consistency and floor and ceiling effects. 318 mental health professionals from nine countries participated in the study. What did we find? For both instruments, total scores can be used as well as the subscale scores. Internal consistency for ORIC was high and for NoMAD adequate. Test–retest reliability was demonstrated, and floor and ceiling effects were rare. What does this mean? NoMAD and ORIC are reliable instruments for measuring implementation processes and outcomes across mental health care settings in different countries and languages. They measure related but different aspects of implementation processes and outcomes. The measures are brief, and theory supported. However, more work is to be done on interpreting scores in relation to implementation success and regarding changes over time.

Published
2024
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13. The PANDA DIRCs

Author

Schwarz, C., Ali, A., Belias, A., Dzhygadlo, R., Gerhardt, A., Krebs, M., Lehmann, D., Peters, K., Schepers, G., Schwiening, J., Traxler, M., Schmitt, L., Böhm, M., Lehmann, A., Pfaffinger, M., Stelter, S., Düren, M., Etzelmüller, E., Föhl, K., Hayrapetyan, A., Köseoglu, I., Kreutzfeld, K., Schmidt, M., Wasem, T., Sfienti, C., Barnyakov, A., Beloborodov, K., Blinov, V., Kononov, S., Kravchenko, E., and Kuyanov, I.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The PANDA experiment at the FAIR facility adresses open questions in hadron physics with antiproton beams in the momentum range of 1.5-15 GeV/c. The antiprotons are stored and cooled in a High Energy Storage RING (HESR) with a momentum spread down to Dp/p = 4*10^-5. A high luminosity of up to 2*10^32 cm-2 s-1 can be achieved. An excellent hadronic particle identification (PID) will be provided by two Cherenkov detectors using the priciple of Detection of Internally Reflected Cherenkov light (DIRC). In the forward direction from polar angles of 5 degree to 22 degree, the Endcap Disc DIRC (EDD) separates pions from kaons up to momenta of 4 GeV/c. Between 22 degree and 140 degree the Barrel DIRC cleanly separates pions from kaons for momenta up to 3.5 GeV/c. This article describes the design of the Barrel DIRC and of the Endcap Disc DIRC and the validation of their designs in particle beams at the CERN PS., Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures

Published
2021
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14. The Evaluation of the GET.ON Nationwide Web-Only Treatment Service for Depression- and Stress-Related Symptoms: Naturalistic Trial

Author

Anne Etzelmueller, Elena Heber, Hanne Horvath, Anna Radkovsky, Dirk Lehr, and David Daniel Ebert

Subjects
Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

BackgroundGET.ON (HelloBetter) treatment interventions have been shown to be efficacious in multiple randomized controlled trials. ObjectiveThis study evaluated the effectiveness of 2 GET.ON interventions, GET.ON Mood Enhancer and GET.ON Stress, in a national digital mental health service implemented across Germany. MethodsFollowing an initial web-based questionnaire, participants were allocated to either intervention based on their baseline symptom severity and personal choice and received a semistandardized guided, feedback-on-demand guided, or self-guided version of the treatment. Uncontrolled routine care data from 851 participants were analyzed using a pretest-posttest design. Half of the participants (461/851, 54.2%) were allocated to the stress intervention (189/461, 41% semistandardized; 240/461, 52% feedback on demand; and 32/461, 6.9% self-guided), and almost all participants in the mood intervention (349/352, 99.2%) received semistandardized guidance. ResultsResults on depression-related symptom severity indicated a reduction in reported symptoms, with a large effect size of d=−0.92 (95% CI −1.21 to −0.63). Results on perceived stress and insomnia indicated a reduction in symptom severity, with large effect sizes of d=1.02 (95% CI −1.46 to −0.58) and d=−0.75 (95% CI −1.10 to −0.40), respectively. A small percentage of participants experienced deterioration in depression-related symptoms (11/289, 3.8%), perceived stress (6/296, 2%), and insomnia (5/252, 2%). After completing treatment, 51.9% (150/289) of participants showed a clinically reliable change in depression-related symptoms, whereas 20.4% (59/289) achieved a close to symptom-free status. Similar improvements were observed in perceived stress and insomnia severity. Guidance moderated the effectiveness of and adherence to the interventions in reducing depressive symptom severity. Effect sizes on depression-related symptom severity were d=−1.20 (95% CI −1.45 to −0.93) for the semistandardized group, d=−0.36 (95% CI −0.68 to −0.04) for the feedback-on-demand group, and d=−0.83 (95% CI −1.03 to −0.63) for the self-guided group. Furthermore, 47.6% (405/851) of the participants completed all modules of the intervention. Participant satisfaction was high across all patient groups and both interventions; 89.3% (242/271) of participants would recommend it to a friend in need of similar help. Limitations include the assignment to treatments and guidance formats based on symptom severity. Furthermore, part of the differences in symptom change between groups must be assumed to be due to this baseline difference in the measures. ConclusionsFuture digital health implementation and routine care research should focus on monitoring symptom deterioration and other negative effects, as well as possible predictors of deterioration and the investigation of individual patient trajectories. In conclusion, this study supports the effectiveness of tailored digital mental health services in routine care for depression- and stress-related symptoms in Germany. The results highlight the importance of guidance in delivering internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy interventions and provide further evidence for its potential delivered as web-only solutions for increasing access to and use of psychological treatments.

Published
2024
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15. Time imaging reconstruction for the PANDA Barrel DIRC

Author

Dzhygadlo, R., Ali, A., Belias, A., Gerhardt, A., Krebs, M., Lehmann, D., Peters, K., Schepers, G., Schwarz, C., Schwiening, J., Traxler, M., Schmitt, L., Böhm, M., Lehmann, A., Pfaffinger, M., Stelter, S., Uhlig, F., Düren, M., Etzelmüller, E., Föhl, K., Hayrapetyan, A., Köseoglu, I., Kreutzfeld, K., Rieke, J., Schmidt, M., Wasem, T., and Sfienti, C.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The innovative Barrel DIRC (Detection of Internally Reflected Cherenkov light) counter will provide hadronic particle identification (PID) in the central region of the PANDA experiment at the new Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR), Darmstadt, Germany. This detector is designed to separate charged pions and kaons with at least 3 standard deviations for momenta up to 3.5 GeV/c, covering the polar angle range of 22$^{\circ}$-140$^{\circ}$. An array of microchannel plate photomultiplier tubes is used to detect the location and arrival time of the Cherenkov photons with a position resolution of 2 mm and time precision of about 100 ps. The time imaging reconstruction has been developed to make optimum use of the observables and to determine the performance of the detector. This reconstruction algorithm performs particle identification by directly calculating the maximum likelihoods using probability density functions based on detected photon propagation time in each pixel, determined directly from the data, or analytically, or from detailed simulations., Comment: International Workshop on Fast Cherenkov Detectors (DIRC2019)

Published
2020
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16. Conversion pathways of primary defects by annealing in proton-irradiated n-type 4H-SiC

Author

Karsthof, Robert, Bathen, Marianne Etzelmüller, Galeckas, Augustinas, and Vines, Lasse

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

The development of defect populations after proton irradiation of n-type 4H-SiC and subsequent annealing experiments is studied by means of deep level transient (DLTS) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. A comprehensive model is suggested describing the evolution and interconversion of irradiation-induced point defects during annealing below 1000{\deg}C. The model proposes the EH4 and EH5 traps frequently found by DLTS to originate from the (+/0) charge transition level belonging to different configurations of the carbon antisite-carbon vacancy (CAV) complex. Furthermore, we show that the transformation channel between the silicon vacancy (VSi) and CAV is effectively blocked under n-type conditions, but becomes available in samples where the Fermi level has moved towards the center of the band gap due to irradiation-induced donor compensation. The annealing of VSi and the carbon vacancy (VC) is shown to be dominated by recombination with residual self-interstitials at temperatures of up to 400{\deg}C. Going to higher temperatures, a decay of the CAV pair density is reported which is closely correlated to a renewed increase of VC concentration. A conceivable explanation for this process is the dissociation of the CAV pair into separate carbon anitisites and VC defects. Lastly, the presented data supports the claim that the removal of free carriers in irradiated SiC is due to introduced compensating defects and not passivation of shallow nitrogen donors.

Published
2020
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17. Status of the PANDA Barrel DIRC

Author

Schwarz, C., Ali, A., Belias, A., Dzhygadlo, R., Gerhardt, A., Krebs, M., Lehmann, D., Peters, K., Schepers, G., Schwiening, J., Traxler, M., Schmitt, L., Böhm, M., Lehmann, A., Pfaffinger, M., Stelter, S., Uhlig, F., Düren, M., Etzelmüller, E., Föhl, K., Hayrapetyan, A., Köseoglu, I., Kreutzfeld, K., Rieke, J., Schmidt, M., Wasem, T., and Sfienti, C.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The PANDA experiment will use cooled antiproton beams with high intensity stored1 in the High Energy Storage Ring at FAIR. Reactions on a fixed target producing charmed hadrons will shed light on the strong QCD. Three ring imaging Cherenkov counters are used for charged particle identification. The status of the Barrel DIRC (Detection of Internally Reflected Cherenkov light) is described. Its design is robust and its performance validated in experiments with test beams. The PANDA Barrel DIRC has entered the construction phase and will be installed in 2023/2024., Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures

Published
2020
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18. Technical Design Report for the PANDA Endcap Disc DIRC

Author

Panda Collaboration, Davi, F., Erni, W., Krusche, B., Steinacher, M., Walford, N., Liu, H., Liu, Z., Liu, B., Shen, X., Wang, C., Zhao, J., Albrecht, M., Erlen, T., Feldbauer, F., Fink, M., Freudenreich, V., Fritsch, M., Heinsius, F. H., Held, T., Holtmann, T., Keshk, I., Koch, H., Kopf, B., Kuhlmann, M., Kümmel, M., Leiber, S., Musiol, P., Mustafa, A., Pelizäus, M., Pitka, A., Reicherz, G., Richter, M., Schnier, C., Schröder, T., Sersin, S., Sohl, L., Sowa, C., Steinke, M., Triffterer, T., Wiedner, U., Beck, R., Hammann, C., Hartmann, J., Ketzer, B., Kube, M., Rossbach, M., Schmidt, C., Schmitz, R., Thoma, U., Urban, M., Bianconi, A., Bragadireanu, M., Pantea, D., Czyzycki, W., Domagala, M., Filo, G., Jaworowski, J., Krawczyk, M., Lisowski, E., Lisowski, F., Michalek, M., Plazek, J., Korcyl, K., Kozela, A., Kulessa, P., Lebiedowicz, P., Pysz, K., Schäfer, W., Szczurek, A., Fiutowski, T., Idzik, M., Mindur, B., Swientek, K., Biernat, J., Kamys, B., Kistryn, S., Korcyl, G., Krzemien, W., Magiera, A., Moskal, P., Przygoda, W., Rudy, Z., Salabura, P., Smyrski, J., Strzempek, P., Wronska, A., Augustin, I., Böhm, R., Lehmann, I., Marinescu, D. Nicmorus, Schmitt, L., Varentsov, V., Al-Turany, M., Belias, A., Deppe, H., Veis, N. Divani, Dzhygadlo, R., Flemming, H., Gerhardt, A., Götzen, K., Karabowicz, R., Kurilla, U., Lehmann, D., Löchner, S., Lühning, J., Lynen, U., Nakhoul, S., Orth, H., Peters, K., Saito, T., Schepers, G., Schmidt, C. J., Schwarz, C., Schwiening, J., Täschner, A., Traxler, M., Voss, B., Wieczorek, P., Wilms, A., Abazov, V., Alexeev, G., Arefiev, V. A., Astakhov, V., Barabanov, M. Yu., Batyunya, B. V., Dodokhov, V. Kh., Efremov, A., Fechtchenko, A., Galoyan, A., Golovanov, G., Koshurnikov, E. K., Lobanov, Y. Yu., Lobanov, V. I., Malyshev, V., Olshevskiy, A. G., Piskun, A. A., Samartsev, A., Sapozhnikov, M. G., Skachkov, N. B., Skachkova, A. N., Strokovsky, E. A., Tokmenin, V., Uzhinsky, V., Verkheev, A., Vodopianov, A., Zhuravlev, N. I., Zinchenko, A., Branford, D., Glazier, D., Watts, D., Böhm, M., Eyrich, W., Lehmann, A., Miehling, D., Pfaffinger, M., Stelter, S., Uhlig, F., Dobbs, S., Seth, K., Tomaradze, A., Xiao, T., Bettoni, D., Ali, A., Hamdi, A., Krebs, M., Nerling, F., Akishina, V., Gorbunov, S., Kisel, I., Kozlov, G., Pugach, M., Zyzak, M., Bianchi, N., Gianotti, P., Guaraldo, C., Lucherini, V., Bracco, G., Bodenschatz, S., Brinkmann, K. T., Di Pietro, V., Diehl, S., Dormenev, V., Düren, M., Etzelmüller, E., Föhl, K., Galuska, M., Geßler, T., Gutz, E., Hahn, C., Hayrapetyan, A., Kesselkaul, M., Kühn, W., Kuske, T., Lange, J. S., Liang, Y., Metag, V., Moritz, M., Nanova, M., Novotny, R., Quagli, T., Riccardi, A., Rieke, J., Schmidt, M., Schnell, R., Stenzel, H., Strickert, M., Thöring, U., Wasem, T., Wohlfahrt, B., Zaunick, H. G., Tomasi-Gustafsson, E., Ireland, D., Rosner, G., Seitz, B., Deepak, P. N., Kulkarni, A., Apostolou, A., Babai, M., Kavatsyuk, M., Loehner, H., Messchendorp, J., Schakel, P., Tiemens, M., van der Weele, J. C., Vejdani, S., Dutta, K., Kalita, K., Sohlbach, H., Bai, M., Bianchi, L., Büscher, M., Derichs, A., Dosdall, R., Erven, A., Fracassi, V., Gillitzer, A., Goldenbaum, F., Grunwald, D., Jokhovets, L., Kemmerling, G., Kleines, H., Lai, A., Lehrach, A., Mikirtychyants, M., Orfanitski, S., Prasuhn, D., Prencipe, E., Pütz, J., Ritman, J., Rosenthal, E., Schadmand, S., Sefzick, T., Serdyuk, V., Sterzenbach, G., Stockmanns, T., Wintz, P., Wüstner, P., Xu, H., Zhou, Y., Li, Z., Ma, X., Rigato, V., Isaksson, L., Achenbach, P., Aycock, A., Corell, O., Denig, A., Distler, M., Hoek, M., Lauth, W., Merkel, H., Müller, U., Pochodzalla, J., Sanchez, S., Schlimme, S., Sfienti, C., Thiel, M., Zambrana, M., Ahmadi, H., Ahmed, S., Bleser, S., Capozza, L., Cardinali, M., Dbeyssi, A., Ehret, A., Fröhlich, B., Grasemann, P., Haasler, S., Izard, D., Jorge, J., Khaneft, D., Klasen, R., Kliemt, R., Köhler, J., Leithoff, H. H., Lin, D., Maas, F., Maldaner, S., Michel, M., Espi, M. C. Mora, Morales, C. Morales, Motzko, C., Noll, O., Pflüger, S., Pineiro, D. Rodriguez, Steinen, M., Walaa, E., Wolff, S., Zimmermann, I., Fedorov, A., Korzhik, M., Missevitch, O., Balanutsa, P., Chernetsky, V., Demekhin, A., Dolgolenko, A., Fedorets, P., Gerasimov, A., Goryachev, V., Kirin, D. Y., Matveev, V. A., Stavinskiy, A. V., Balashoff, A., Boukharov, A., Malyshev, O., Marishev, I., Chandratre, V., Datar, V., Jha, V., Kumawat, H., Mohanty, A. K., Parmar, A., Rai, A. K., Roy, B., Sonika, G., Fritzsch, C., Grieser, S., Hergemöller, A. K., Hetz, B., Hüsken, N., Khoukaz, A., Wessels, J. P., Herold, C., Khosonthongkee, K., Kobdaj, C., Limphirat, A., Srisawad, P., Yan, Y., Blinov, A. E., Kononov, S., Kravchenko, E. A., Antokhin, E., Barnyakov, M., Barnyakov, A. Yu., Beloborodov, K., Blinov, V. E., Bobrovnikov, V. S., Kuyanov, I. A., Onuchin, A. P., Pivovarov, S., Pyata, E., Serednyakov, S., Tikhonov, Y., Kunne, R., Marchand, D., Ramstein, B., van de Wiele, J., Wang, Y., Boca, G., Burian, V., Finger, M., Nikolovova, A., Pesek, M., Peskova, M., Pfeffer, M., Prochazka, I., Slunecka, M., Gallus, P., Jary, V., Novy, J., Tomasek, M., Virius, M., Vrba, V., Abramov, V., Belikov, N., Bukreeva, S., Davidenko, A., Derevschikov, A., Goncharenko, Y., Grishin, V., Kachanov, V., Kormilitsin, V., Levin, A., Melnik, Y., Minaev, N., Mochalov, V., Morozov, D., Nogach, L., Poslavskiy, S., Ryazantsev, A., Ryzhikov, S., Semenov, P., Shein, I., Uzunian, A., Vasiliev, A., Yakutin, A., Roy, U., Yabsley, B., Belostotski, S., Gavrilov, G., Izotov, A., Manaenkov, S., Miklukho, O., Veretennikov, D., Zhdanov, A., Bäck, T., Cederwall, B., Makonyi, K., Preston, M., Tegner, P. E., Wölbing, D., Godre, S., Bussa, M. P., Marcello, S., Spataro, S., Iazzi, F., Introzzi, R., Lavagno, A., Calvo, D., De Remigis, P., Filippi, A., Mazza, G., Rivetti, A., Wheadon, R., Martin, A., Calen, H., Andersson, W. Ikegami, Johansson, T., Kupsc, A., Marciniewski, P., Papenbrock, M., Pettersson, J., Regina, J., Schönning, K., Wolke, M., Diaz, J., Chackara, V. Pothodi, Chlopik, A., Kesik, G., Melnychuk, D., Slowinski, B., Trzcinski, A., Wojciechowski, M., Wronka, S., Zwieglinski, B., Bühler, P., Marton, J., Steinschaden, D., Suzuki, K., Widmann, E., Zimmermann, S., and Zmeskal, J.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

PANDA (anti-Proton ANnihiliation at DArmstadt) is planned to be one of the four main experiments at the future international accelerator complex FAIR (Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research) in Darmstadt, Germany. It is going to address fundamental questions of hadron physics and quantum chromodynamics using cooled antiproton beams with a high intensity and and momenta between 1.5 and 15 GeV/c. PANDA is designed to reach a maximum luminosity of 2x10^32 cm^2 s. Most of the physics programs require an excellent particle identification (PID). The PID of hadronic states at the forward endcap of the target spectrometer will be done by a fast and compact Cherenkov detector that uses the detection of internally reflected Cherenkov light (DIRC) principle. It is designed to cover the polar angle range from 5{\deg} to 22{\deg} and to provide a separation power for the separation of charged pions and kaons up to 3 standard deviations (s.d.) for particle momenta up to 4 GeV/c in order to cover the important particle phase space. This document describes the technical design and the expected performance of the novel PANDA Disc DIRC detector that has not been used in any other high energy physics experiment (HEP) before. The performance has been studied with Monte-Carlo simulations and various beam tests at DESY and CERN. The final design meets all PANDA requirements and guarantees suffcient safety margins., Comment: TDR for Panda/Fair to be published

Published
2019

19. Particle Identification with DIRCs at PANDA

Author

Düren, M., Ali, A., Belias, A., Dzhygadlo, R., Gerhardt, A., Krebs, M., Lehmann, D., Peters, K., Schepers, G., Schwarz, C., Schwiening, J., Traxler, M., Schmitt, L., Boehm, M., Lehmann, A., Pfaffinger, M., Stelter, S., Uhlig, F., Etzelmueller, E., Foehl, K., Hayrapetyan, A., Kreutzfeld, K., Rieke, J., Schmidt, M., Wasem, T., and Sfienti, C.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The DIRC technology (Detection of Internally Reflected Cherenkov light) offers an excellent possibility to minimize the form factor of Cherenkov detectors in hermetic high energy detectors. The PANDA experiment at FAIR in Germany will combine a barrel-shaped DIRC with a disc-shaped DIRC to cover an angular range of 5 to 140 degrees. Particle identification for pions and kaons with a separation power of 3 standard deviations or more will be provided for momenta between 0.5 GeV/c and 3.5 GeV/c in the barrel region and up to 4 GeV/c in the forward region. Even though the concept is simple, the design and construction of a DIRC is challenging. High precision optics and mechanics are required to maintain the angular information of the Cherenkov photons during multiple internal reflections and to focus the individual photons onto position sensitive photon detectors. These sensors must combine high efficiencies for single photons with low dark count rates and good timing resolution at high rates. The choice of radiation hard fused silica for the optical material and of MCP-PMT photon sensors is essential for DIRC detectors to survive in an environment of radiation and strong magnetic field. The two DIRC detectors differ in the focusing optics, in the treatment of chromatic dispersion and in the electronic readout systems. The technical design of the two DIRC detectors and their validation by testing prototypes in a mixed particle beam at CERN are presented., Comment: Proceedings of VCI 15th Vienna Conference on Instrumentation Feb. 18-22, 2019, Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, A (2019)

Published
2019
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21. The Innovative Design of the Endcap Disc DIRC Detector for PANDA at FAIR

Author

Schmidt, M., Düren, M., Etzelmüller, E., Föhl, K., Hayrapetyan, A., Köseoglu, I., Kreutzfeld, K., Rieke, J., Ali, A., Belias, A., Dzhygadlo, R., Gerhardt, A., Krebs, M., Lehmann, D., Peters, K., Schepers, G., Schwarz, C., Schwiening, J., Traxler, M., Schmitt, L., Böhm, M., Lehmann, A., Pfaffinger, M., Stelter, S., Uhlig, F., and Sfienti, C.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The key component of the future PANDA experiment at FAIR is a fixed-target detector for collisions of antiprotons with a proton target up to a beam momentum of 15 GeV/c and is designed to address a large number of open questions in the hadron physics sector. In order to guarantee an excellent PID for charged hadrons in the polar angle range between $5^\circ$ and $22^\circ$, a new type of Cherenkov detector called Endcap Disc DIRC (EDD) has been developed for the forward endcap of the PANDA target spectrometer. The desired separation power of at least 3 s.d. for the separation of $\pi^\pm$ and $K^\pm$ up to particle momenta of 4 GeV/c was determined with simulation studies and validated during various testbeam campaigns at CERN and DESY., Comment: Talk presented at the 2019 Meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American Physical Society (DPF2019), July 29 - August 2, 2019, Northeastern University, Boston, C1907293

Published
2019

22. The Innovative Design of the PANDA Barrel DIRC

Author

Schepers, G., Ali, A., Belias, A., Dzhygadlo, R., Gerhardt, A., Krebs, M., Lehmann, D., Peters, K., Schwarz, C., Schwiening, J., Traxler, M., Schmitt, L., Böhm, M., Lehmann, A., Pfaffinger, M., Stelter, S., Uhlig, F., Düren, M., Etzelmüller, E., Föhl, K., Hayrapetyan, A., Kreutzfeld, K., Rieke, J., Schmidt, M., Wasem, T., Achenbach, P., Cardinali, M., Hoek, M., Lauth, W., Schlimme, S., Sfienti, C., and Thiel, M.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The Barrel DIRC of the PANDA experiment at FAIR will cleanly separate pions from kaons for the physics program of PANDA. Innovative solutions for key components of the detector sitting in the strong magnetic field of the compact PANDA target spectrometer as well as two reconstruction methods were developed in an extensive prototype program. The technical design and present results from the test beam campaigns at the CERN PS in 2017 and 2018 are discussed., Comment: 4 pages, 6 figures

Published
2019

23. The Barrel DIRC detector of PANDA

Author

Schwarz, C., Ali, A., Belias, A., Dzhygadlo, R., Gerhardt, A., Krebs, M., Lehmann, D., Peters, K., Schepers, G., Schwiening, J., Traxler, M., Schmitt, L., Böhm, M., Lehmann, A., Pfaffinger, M., Uhlig, F., Stelter, S., Düren, M., Etzelmüller, E., Föhl, K., Hayrapetyan, A., Kreutzfeld, K., Rieke, J., Schmidt, M., Wasem, T., Achenbach, P., Cardinali, M., Hoek, M., Lauth, W., Schlimme, S., Sfienti, C., and Thiel, M.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The PANDA experiment is one of the four large experiments being built at FAIR in Darmstadt. It will use a cooled antiproton beam on a fixed target within the momentum range of 1.5 to 15 GeV/c to address questions of strong QCD, where the coupling constant $\alpha_s \gtrsim 0.3$. The luminosity of up to $2 \cdot 10^{32} cm^{-2}s^{-1}$ and the momentum resolution of the antiproton beam down to \mbox{$\Delta$p/p = 4$\cdot10^{-5}$} allows for high precision spectroscopy, especially for rare reaction processes. Above the production threshold for open charm mesons the production of kaons plays an important role for identifying the reaction. The DIRC principle allows for a compact particle identification for charged particles in a hermetic detector, limited in size by the electromagnetic lead tungstate calorimeter. The Barrel DIRC in the target spectrometer covers polar angles between $22^\circ$ and $140^\circ$ and will achieve a pion-kaon separation of 3 standard deviations up to 3.5 GeV/$c$. Here, results of a test beam are shown for a single radiator bar coupled to a prism with $33^\circ$ opening angle, both made from synthetic fused silica read out with a photon detector array with 768 pixels., Comment: PisaMeeting2018 - 14th Pisa Meeting on Advanced Detectors submitted to Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, A

Published
2019
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26. Iceland

Author

Fernández-Fernández, José M., Etzelmüller, Bernd, Morino, Costanza, Sæmundsson, Þorsteinn, Oliva, Marc, editor, Nývlt, Daniel, editor, and Fernández-Fernández, José M, editor

Published
2022
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30. The PANDA DIRC Detectors at FAIR

Author

Schwarz, C., Ali, A., Belias, A., Dzhygadlo, R., Gerhardt, A., Goetzen, K., Kalicy, G., Krebs, M., Lehmann, D., Nerling, F., Patsyuk, M., Peters, K., Schepers, G., Schmitt, L., Schwiening, J., Traxler, M., Zuehlsdorf, M., Boehm, M., Britting, A., Eyrich, W., Lehmann, A., Pfaffinger, M., Uhlig, F., Dueren, M., Etzelmueller, E., Foehl, K., Hayrapetyan, A., Kreutzfeld, K., Kroeck, B., Merle, O., Rieke, J., Schmidt, M., Wasem, T., Achenbach, P., Cardinali, M., Hoek, M., Lauth, W., Schlimme, S., Sfienti, C., Thiel, M., Allison, L., and Hyde, C.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The PANDA detector at the international accelerator Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research in Europe (FAIR) addresses fundamental questions of hadron physics. An excellent hadronic particle identification (PID) will be accomplished by two DIRC (Detection of Internally Reflected Cherenkov light) counters in the target spectrometer. The design for the barrel region covering polar angles between 22 deg. to 140 deg. is based on the successful BABAR DIRC with several key improvements, such as fast photon timing and a compact imaging region. The novel Endcap Disc DIRC will cover the smaller forward angles between 5 deg. (10 deg.) to 22 deg. in the vertical (horizontal) direction. Both DIRC counters will use lifetime-enhanced microchannel plate PMTs for photon detection in combination with fast readout electronics. Geant4 simulations and tests with several prototypes at various beam facilities have been used to evaluate the designs and validate the expected PID performance of both PANDA DIRC counters., Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, INSTR17 conference proceedings

Published
2017
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31. The Influence of Body Position on the Resting Motor Threshold of Posterior Root-Muscle Reflexes Evoked via Transcutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulation.

Author

Gorman, Barry T., Gill, Conor, Etzelmueller, Mark, O'Keeffe, Clodagh, Reilly, Richard B., and Fleming, Neil

Subjects
POSTURE, SPINAL cord, RECTUS femoris muscles, TIBIALIS anterior, SPINAL cord injuries
Abstract

Background: Thoracolumbar transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (tSCS) non-invasively evokes posterior root-muscle reflexes (PRMR) with the aim of neuromodulating sensorimotor function following spinal cord injury. Research is still in its infancy regarding the effect of body position on the nature of these spinally evoked responses. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of body position on the nature of PRMR responses during tSCS. Methods: A total of 11 (6M, 5F) participants completed a full PRMR recruitment curve from 10 ma up to 120 ma (10 ma increments) at the T11/12 intervertebral space using a singular 3.2 cm diameter cathode. At each intensity, three paired pulses (50 ms inter-pulse interval), followed by three singular pulses with a six-second delay were applied in each body position (supine, supine 90-90, sitting and standing) in a randomised order. The PRMR responses in lower limb muscles were recorded using wireless electromyographic sensors placed on the Soleus, Tibialis Anterior, Rectus Femoris and Bicep Femoris long head. A two-way (body position × muscle) repeated measures analysis of variance was used to investigate the effect of body position on PRMR-evoked responses. Results: There was a significant main effect of body position on PRMR resting motor threshold (RMT) (p < 0.001), first response peak-to-peak amplitude (p = 0.003) and percentage post-activation depression (%PAD) (p = 0.012). Sitting had significantly higher RMT and significantly lower first response peak-to-peak amplitudes compared to all other positions, but significant differences in %PAD were only detectible between supine and standing. Conclusions: Body position influences the nature of PRMR-evoked responses during tSCS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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33. Effectiveness of Self-guided Tailored Implementation Strategies in Integrating and Embedding Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Routine Mental Health Care: Results of a Multicenter Stepped-Wedge Cluster Randomized Trial

Author

Christiaan Vis, Josien Schuurmans, Bruno Aouizerate, Mette Atipei Craggs, Philip Batterham, Leah Bührmann, Alison Calear, Arlinda Cerga Pashoja, Helen Christensen, Els Dozeman, Claus Duedal Pedersen, David Daniel Ebert, Anne Etzelmueller, Naim Fanaj, Tracy L Finch, Denise Hanssen, Ulrich Hegerl, Adriaan Hoogendoorn, Kim Mathiasen, Carl May, Andia Meksi, Sevim Mustafa, Bridianne O'Dea, Caroline Oehler, Jordi Piera-Jiménez, Sebastian Potthoff, Gentiana Qirjako, Tim Rapley, Judith Rosmalen, Ylenia Sacco, Ludovic Samalin, Mette Maria Skjoth, Kristine Tarp, Ingrid Titzler, Erik Van der Eycken, Claire Rosalie van Genugten, Alexis Whitton, Enrico Zanalda, Jan H Smit, and Heleen Riper

Subjects
Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

BackgroundInternet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) services for common mental health disorders have been found to be effective. There is a need for strategies that improve implementation in routine practice. One-size-fits-all strategies are likely to be ineffective. Tailored implementation is considered as a promising approach. The self-guided integrated theory-based Framework for intervention tailoring strategies toolkit (ItFits-toolkit) supports local implementers in developing tailored implementation strategies. Tailoring involves identifying local barriers; matching selected barriers to implementation strategies; developing an actionable work plan; and applying, monitoring, and adapting where necessary. ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the effectiveness of the ItFits-toolkit with implementation-as-usual (IAU) in implementing iCBT services in 12 routine mental health care organizations in 9 countries in Europe and Australia. MethodsA stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial design with repeated measures was applied. The trial period lasted 30 months. The primary outcome was the normalization of iCBT delivery by service providers (therapists, referrers, IT developers, and administrators), which was measured with the Normalization Measure Development as a proxy for implementation success. A 3-level linear mixed-effects modeling was applied to estimate the effects. iCBT service uptake (referral and treatment completion rates) and implementation effort (hours) were used as secondary outcomes. The perceived satisfaction (Client Satisfaction Questionnaire), usability (System Usability Scale), and impact of the ItFits-toolkit by implementers were used to assess the acceptability of the ItFits-toolkit. ResultsIn total, 456 mental health service providers were included in this study. Compared with IAU, the ItFits-toolkit had a small positive statistically significant effect on normalization levels in service providers (mean 0.09, SD 0.04; P=.02; Cohen d=0.12). The uptake of iCBT by patients was similar to that of IAU. Implementers did not spend more time on implementation work when using the ItFits-toolkit and generally regarded the ItFits-toolkit as usable and were satisfied with it. ConclusionsThe ItFits-toolkit performed better than the usual implementation activities in implementing iCBT services in routine practice. There is practical utility in the ItFits-toolkit for supporting implementers in developing and applying effective tailored implementation strategies. However, the effect on normalization levels among mental health service providers was small. These findings warrant modesty regarding the effectiveness of self-guided tailored implementation of iCBT services in routine practice. Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT03652883; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03652883 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)RR2-10.1186/s13063-020-04686-4

Published
2023
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35. Online consultations in mental healthcare during the COVID-19 outbreak: An international survey study on professionals' motivations and perceived barriers

Author

De Witte, Nele A.J., Carlbring, Per, Etzelmueller, Anne, Nordgreen, Tine, Karekla, Maria, Haddouk, Lise, Belmont, Angélique, Øverland, Svein, Abi-Habib, Rudy, Bernaerts, Sylvie, Brugnera, Agostino, Compare, Angelo, Duque, Aranzazu, Ebert, David Daniel, Eimontas, Jonas, Kassianos, Angelos P., Salgado, João, Schwerdtfeger, Andreas, Tohme, Pia, Van Assche, Eva, and Van Daele, Tom

Published
2021
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36. Feasibility study for the measurement of $\pi N$ TDAs at PANDA in $\bar{p}p\to J/\psi\pi^0$

Author

PANDA Collaboration, Singh, B., Erni, W., Krusche, B., Steinacher, M., Walford, N., Liu, H., Liu, Z., Liu, B., Shen, X., Wang, C., Zhao, J., Albrecht, M., Erlen, T., Fink, M., Heinsius, F. H., Held, T., Holtmann, T., Jasper, S., Keshk, I., Koch, H., Kopf, B., Kuhlmann, M., Kümmel, M., Leiber, S., Mikirtychyants, M., Musiol, P., Mustafa, A., Pelizäus, M., Pychy, J., Richter, M., Schnier, C., Schröder, T., Sowa, C., Steinke, M., Triffterer, T., Wiedner, U., Ball, M., Beck, R., Hammann, C., Ketzer, B., Kube, M., Mahlberg, P., Rossbach, M., Schmidt, C., Schmitz, R., Thoma, U., Urban, M., Walther, D., Wendel, C., Wilson, A., Bianconi, A., Bragadireanu, M., Caprini, M., Pantea, D., Patel, B., Czyzycki, W., Domagala, M., Filo, G., Jaworowski, J., Krawczyk, M., Lisowski, E., Lisowski, F., Michałek, M., Poznański, P., Płażek, J., Korcyl, K., Kozela, A., Kulessa, P., Lebiedowicz, P., Pysz, K., Schäfer, W., Szczurek, A., Fiutowski, T., Idzik, M., Mindur, B., Przyborowski, D., Swientek, K., Biernat, J., Kamys, B., Kistryn, S., Korcyl, G., Krzemien, W., Magiera, A., Moskal, P., Pyszniak, A., Rudy, Z., Salabura, P., Smyrski, J., Strzempek, P., Wronska, A., Augustin, I., Böhm, R., Lehmann, I., Marinescu, D. Nicmorus, Schmitt, L., Varentsov, V., Al-Turany, M., Belias, A., Deppe, H., Veis, N. Divani, Dzhygadlo, R., Ehret, A., Flemming, H., Gerhardt, A., Götzen, K., Gromliuk, A., Gruber, L., Karabowicz, R., Kliemt, R., Krebs, M., Kurilla, U., Lehmann, D., Löchner, S., Lühning, J., Lynen, U., Orth, H., Patsyuk, M., Peters, K., Saito, T., Schepers, G., Schmidt, C. J., Schwarz, C., Schwiening, J., Täschner, A., Traxler, M., Ugur, C., Voss, B., Wieczorek, P., Wilms, A., Zühlsdorf, M., Abazov, V., Alexeev, G., Arefiev, V. A., Astakhov, V., Barabanov, M. Yu., Batyunya, B. V., Davydov, Y., Dodokhov, V. Kh., Efremov, A., Fechtchenko, A., Fedunov, A. G., Galoyan, A., Grigoryan, S., Koshurnikov, E. K., Lobanov, Y. Yu., Lobanov, V. I., Makarov, A. F., Malinina, L. V., Malyshev, V., Olshevskiy, A. G., Perevalova, E., Piskun, A. A., Pocheptsov, T., Pontecorvo, G., Rodionov, V., Rogov, Y., Salmin, R., Samartsev, A., Sapozhnikov, M. G., Shabratova, G., Skachkov, N. B., Skachkova, A. N., Strokovsky, E. A., Suleimanov, M., Teshev, R., Tokmenin, V., Uzhinsky, V., Vodopianov, A., Zaporozhets, S. A., Zhuravlev, N. I., Zinchenko, A., Zorin, A. G., Branford, D., Glazier, D., Watts, D., Böhm, M., Britting, A., Eyrich, W., Lehmann, A., Pfaffinger, M., Uhlig, F., Dobbs, S., Seth, K., Tomaradze, A., Xiao, T., Bettoni, D., Carassiti, V., Ramusino, A. Cotta, Dalpiaz, P., Drago, A., Fioravanti, E., Garzia, I., Savrie, M., Akishina, V., Kisel, I., Kozlov, G., Pugach, M., Zyzak, M., Gianotti, P., Guaraldo, C., Lucherini, V., Bersani, A., Bracco, G., Macri, M., Parodi, R. F., Biguenko, K., Brinkmann, K. T., Di Pietro, V., Diehl, S., Dormenev, V., Drexler, P., Düren, M., Etzelmüller, E., Galuska, M., Gutz, E., Hahn, C., Hayrapetyan, A., Kesselkaul, M., Kühn, W., Kuske, T., Lange, J. S., Liang, Y., Metag, V., Moritz, M., Nanova, M., Nazarenko, S., Novotny, R., Quagli, T., Reiter, S., Riccardi, A., Rieke, J., Rosenbaum, C., Schmidt, M., Schnell, R., Stenzel, H., Thöring, U., Ullrich, T., Wagner, M. N., Wasem, T., Wohlfahrt, B., Zaunick, H. G., Tomasi-Gustafsson, E., Ireland, D., Rosner, G., Seitz, B., Deepak, P. N., Kulkarni, A., Apostolou, A., Babai, M., Kavatsyuk, M., Lemmens, P. J., Lindemulder, M., Loehner, H., Messchendorp, J., Schakel, P., Smit, H., Tiemens, M., van der Weele, J. C., Veenstra, R., Vejdani, S., Dutta, K., Kalita, K., Kumar, A., Roy, A., Sohlbach, H., Bai, M., Bianchi, L., Büscher, M., Cao, L., Cebulla, A., Dosdall, R., Gillitzer, A., Goldenbaum, F., Grunwald, D., Herten, A., Hu, Q., Kemmerling, G., Kleines, H., Lai, A., Lehrach, A., Nellen, R., Ohm, H., Orfanitski, S., Prasuhn, D., Prencipe, E., Pütz, J., Ritman, J., Schadmand, S., Sefzick, T., Serdyuk, V., Sterzenbach, G., Stockmanns, T., Wintz, P., Wüstner, P., Xu, H., Zambanini, A., Li, S., Li, Z., Sun, Z., Rigato, V., Isaksson, L., Achenbach, P., Corell, O., Denig, A., Distler, M., Hoek, M., Karavdina, A., Lauth, W., Merkel, H., Müller, U., Pochodzalla, J., Sanchez, S., Schlimme, S., Sfienti, C., Thiel, M., Ahmadi, H., Ahmed, S., Bleser, S., Capozza, L., Cardinali, M., Dbeyssi, A., Deiseroth, M., Feldbauer, F., Fritsch, M., Fröhlich, B., Kang, D., Khaneft, D., Klasen, R., Leithoff, H. H., Lin, D., Maas, F., Maldaner, S., Martínez, M., Michel, M., Espí, M. C. Mora, Morales, C. Morales, Motzko, C., Nerling, F., Noll, O., Pflüger, S., Pitka, A., Piñeiro, D. Rodríguez, Sanchez-Lorente, A., Steinen, M., Valente, R., Weber, T., Zambrana, M., Zimmermann, I., Fedorov, A., Korjik, M., Missevitch, O., Boukharov, A., Malyshev, O., Marishev, I., Balanutsa, V., Balanutsa, P., Chernetsky, V., Demekhin, A., Dolgolenko, A., Fedorets, P., Gerasimov, A., Goryachev, V., Chandratre, V., Datar, V., Dutta, D., Jha, V., Kumawat, H., Mohanty, A. K., Parmar, A., Roy, B., Sonika, G., Fritzsch, C., Grieser, S., Hergemöller, A. K., Hetz, B., Hüsken, N., Khoukaz, A., Wessels, J. P., Khosonthongkee, K., Kobdaj, C., Limphirat, A., Srisawad, P., Yan, Y., Barnyakov, A. Yu., Barnyakov, M., Beloborodov, K., Blinov, V. E., Bobrovnikov, V. S., Kuyanov, I. A., Martin, K., Onuchin, A. P., Serednyakov, S., Sokolov, A., Tikhonov, Y., Blinov, A. E., Kononov, S., Kravchenko, E. A., Atomssa, E., Kunne, R., Ma, B., Marchand, D., Ramstein, B., van de Wiele, J., Wang, Y., Boca, G., Costanza, S., Genova, P., Montagna, P., Rotondi, A., Abramov, V., Belikov, N., Bukreeva, S., Davidenko, A., Derevschikov, A., Goncharenko, Y., Grishin, V., Kachanov, V., Kormilitsin, V., Levin, A., Melnik, Y., Minaev, N., Mochalov, V., Morozov, D., Nogach, L., Poslavskiy, S., Ryazantsev, A., Ryzhikov, S., Semenov, P., Shein, I., Uzunian, A., Vasiliev, A., Yakutin, A., Roy, U., Yabsley, B., Belostotski, S., Gavrilov, G., Izotov, A., Manaenkov, S., Miklukho, O., Veretennikov, D., Zhdanov, A., Bäck, T., Cederwall, B., Makonyi, K., Preston, M., Tegner, P. E., Wölbing, D., Rai, A. K., Godre, S., Calvo, D., Coli, S., De Remigis, P., Filippi, A., Giraudo, G., Lusso, S., Mazza, G., Mignone, M., Rivetti, A., Wheadon, R., Amoroso, A., Bussa, M. P., Busso, L., De Mori, F., Destefanis, M., Fava, L., Ferrero, L., Greco, M., Hu, J., Lavezzi, L., Maggiora, M., Maniscalco, G., Marcello, S., Sosio, S., Spataro, S., Balestra, F., Iazzi, F., Introzzi, R., Lavagno, A., Olave, J., Birsa, R., Bradamante, F., Bressan, A., Martin, A., Calen, H., Andersson, W. Ikegami, Johansson, T., Kupsc, A., Marciniewski, P., Papenbrock, M., Pettersson, J., Schönning, K., Wolke, M., Galnander, B., Diaz, J., Chackara, V. Pothodi, Chlopik, A., Kesik, G., Melnychuk, D., Slowinski, B., Trzcinski, A., Wojciechowski, M., Wronka, S., Zwieglinski, B., Bühler, P., Marton, J., Steinschaden, D., Suzuki, K., Widmann, E., Zmeskal, J., and Semenov-Tian-Shansky, K. M.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The exclusive charmonium production process in $\bar{p}p$ annihilation with an associated $\pi^0$ meson $\bar{p}p\to J/\psi\pi^0$ is studied in the framework of QCD collinear factorization. The feasibility of measuring this reaction through the $J/\psi\to e^+e^-$ decay channel with the PANDA (AntiProton ANnihilation at DArmstadt) experiment is investigated. Simulations on signal reconstruction efficiency as well as the background rejection from various sources including the $\bar{p}p\to\pi^+\pi^-\pi^0$ and $\bar{p}p\to J/\psi\pi^0\pi^0$ reactions are performed with PandaRoot, the simulation and analysis software framework of the PANDA experiment. It is shown that the measurement can be done at PANDA with significant constraining power under the assumption of an integrated luminosity attainable in four to five months of data taking at the maximum design luminosity., Comment: 25 pages, 22 figures

Published
2016
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37. Spin Seebeck effect and thermoelectric phenomena in superconducting hybrids with magnetic textures or spin-orbit coupling

Author

Bathen, Marianne Etzelmüller and Linder, Jacob

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

We theoretically consider the spin Seebeck effect, the charge Seebeck coefficient, and the thermoelectric figure of merit in superconducting hybrid structures including either magnetic textures or intrinsic spin-orbit coupling. We demonstrate that large magnitudes for all these quantities are obtainable in Josephson-based systems with either zero or a small externally applied magnetic field. This provides an alternative to the thermoelectric effects generated in high-field ($\sim 1$ T) superconducting hybrid systems, which were recently experimentally demonstrated. The systems studied contain either textured ferromagnets, spin-active interfaces, or spin-orbit coupling. We present a framework for calculating the linear thermoelectric response for both spin and charge of a system upon applying temperature and voltage gradients based on quasiclassical theory which allows for arbitrary spin-dependent textures and fields to be conveniently incorporated., Comment: 13 pages, 3 figures. Published version

Published
2016

38. Feasibility studies of time-like proton electromagnetic form factors at PANDA at FAIR

Author

PANDA Collaboration, Singh, B., Erni, W., Krusche, B., Steinacher, M., Walford, N., Liu, B., Liu, H., Liu, Z., Shen, X., Wang, C., Zhao, J., Albrecht, M., Erlen, T., Fink, M., Heinsius, F., Held, T., Holtmann, T., Jasper, S., Keshk, I., Koch, H., Kopf, B., Kuhlmann, M., Kümmel, M., Leiber, S., Mikirtychyants, M., Musiol, P., Mustafa, A., Pelizäus, M., Pychy, J., Richter, M., Schnier, C., Schröder, T., Sowa, C., Steinke, M., Triffterer, T., Wiedner, U., Ball, M., Beck, R., Hammann, C., Ketzer, B., Kube, M., Mahlberg, P., Rossbach, M., Schmidt, C., Schmitz, R., Thoma, U., Urban, M., Walther, D., Wendel, C., Wilson, A., Bianconi, A., Bragadireanu, M., Caprini, M., Pantea, D., Patel, B., Czyzycki, W., Domagala, M., Filo, G., Jaworowski, J., Krawczyk, M., Lisowski, F., Lisowski, E., Michałek, M., Poznański, P., Płażek, J., Korcyl, K., Kozela, A., Kulessa, P., Lebiedowicz, P., Pysz, K., Schäfer, W., Szczurek, A., Fiutowski, T., Idzik, M., Mindur, B., Przyborowski, D., Swientek, K., Biernat, J., Kamys, B., Kistryn, S., Korcyl, G., Krzemien, W., Magiera, A., Moskal, P., Pyszniak, A., Rudy, Z., Salabura, P., Smyrski, J., Strzempek, P., Wronska, A., Augustin, I., Böhm, R., Lehmann, I., Marinescu, D. Nicmorus, Schmitt, L., Varentsov, V., Al-Turany, M., Belias, A., Deppe, H., Dzhygadlo, R., Ehret, A., Flemming, H., Gerhardt, A., Götzen, K., Gromliuk, A., Gruber, L., Karabowicz, R., Kliemt, R., Krebs, M., Kurilla, U., Lehmann, D., Löchner, S., Lühning, J., Lynen, U., Orth, H., Patsyuk, M., Peters, K., Saito, T., Schepers, G., Schmidt, C. J., Schwarz, C., Schwiening, J., Täschner, A., Traxler, M., Ugur, C., Voss, B., Wieczorek, P., Wilms, A., Zühlsdorf, M., Abazov, V., Alexeev, G., Arefiev, V. A., Astakhov, V., Barabanov, M. Yu., Batyunya, B. V., Davydov, Y., Dodokhov, V. Kh., Efremov, A., Fechtchenko, A., Fedunov, A. G., Galoyan, A., Grigoryan, S., Koshurnikov, E. K., Lobanov, Y. Yu., Lobanov, V. I., Makarov, A. F., Malinina, L. V., Malyshev, V., Olshevskiy, A. G., Perevalova, E., Piskun, A. A., Pocheptsov, T., Pontecorvo, G., Rodionov, V., Rogov, Y., Salmin, R., Samartsev, A., Sapozhnikov, M. G., Shabratova, G., Skachkov, N. B., Skachkova, A. N., Strokovsky, E. A., Suleimanov, M., Teshev, R., Tokmenin, V., Uzhinsky, V., Vodopianov, A., Zaporozhets, S. A., Zhuravlev, N. I., Zorin, A. G., Branford, D., Glazier, D., Watts, D., Böhm, M., Britting, A., Eyrich, W., Lehmann, A., Pfaffinger, M., Uhlig, F., Dobbs, S., Seth, K., Tomaradze, A., Xiao, T., Bettoni, D., Carassiti, V., Ramusino, A. Cotta, Dalpiaz, P., Drago, A., Fioravanti, E., Garzia, I., Savrie, M., Akishina, V., Kisel, I., Kozlov, G., Pugach, M., Zyzak, M., Gianotti, P., Guaraldo, C., Lucherini, V., Bersani, A., Bracco, G., Macri, M., Parodi, R. F., Biguenko, K., Brinkmann, K., Di Pietro, V., Diehl, S., Dormenev, V., Drexler, P., Düren, M., Etzelmüller, E., Galuska, M., Gutz, E., Hahn, C., Hayrapetyan, A., Kesselkaul, M., Kühn, W., Kuske, T., Lange, J. S., Liang, Y., Metag, V., Nanova, M., Nazarenko, S., Novotny, R., Quagli, T., Reiter, S., Rieke, J., Rosenbaum, C., Schmidt, M., Schnell, R., Stenzel, H., Thöring, U., Ullrich, M., Wagner, M. N., Wasem, T., Wohlfahrt, B., Zaunick, H., Ireland, D., Rosner, G., Seitz, B., Deepak, P. N., Kulkarni, A., Apostolou, A., Babai, M., Kavatsyuk, M., Lemmens, P. J., Lindemulder, M., Loehner, H., Messchendorp, J., Schakel, P., Smit, H., Tiemens, M., van der Weele, J. C., Veenstra, R., Vejdani, S., Dutta, K., Kalita, K., Kumar, A., Roy, A., Sohlbach, H., Bai, M., Bianchi, L., Büscher, M., Cao, L., Cebulla, A., Dosdall, R., Gillitzer, A., Goldenbaum, F., Grunwald, D., Herten, A., Hu, Q., Kemmerling, G., Kleines, H., Lehrach, A., Nellen, R., Ohm, H., Orfanitski, S., Prasuhn, D., Prencipe, E., Pütz, J., Ritman, J., Schadmand, S., Sefzick, T., Serdyuk, V., Sterzenbach, G., Stockmanns, T., Wintz, P., Wüstner, P., Xu, H., Zambanini, A., Li, S., Li, Z., Sun, Z., Rigato, V., Isaksson, L., Achenbach, P., Corell, O., Denig, A., Distler, M., Hoek, M., Karavdina, A., Lauth, W., Merkel, H., Müller, U., Pochodzalla, J., Sanchez, S., Schlimme, S., Sfienti, C., Thiel, M., Ahmadi, H., Ahmed, S., Bleser, S., Capozza, L., Cardinali, M., Dbeyssi, A., Deiseroth, M., Feldbauer, F., Fritsch, M., Fröhlich, B., Jasinski, P., Kang, D., Khaneft, D., Klasen, R., Leithoff, H. H., Lin, D., Maas, F., Maldaner, S., Marta, M., Michel, M., Espí, M. C. Mora, Morales, C. Morales, Motzko, C., Nerling, F., Noll, O., Pflüger, S., Pitka, A., Piñeiro, D. Rodríguez, Sanchez-Lorente, A., Steinen, M., Valente, R., Weber, T., Zambrana, M., Zimmermann, I., Fedorov, A., Korjik, M., Missevitch, O., Boukharov, A., Malyshev, O., Marishev, I., Balanutsa, V., Balanutsa, P., Chernetsky, V., Demekhin, A., Dolgolenko, A., Fedorets, P., Gerasimov, A., Goryachev, V., Chandratre, V., Datar, V., Dutta, D., Jha, V., Kumawat, H., Mohanty, A. K., Parmar, A., Roy, B., Sonika, G., Fritzsch, C., Grieser, S., Hergemöller, A., Hetz, B., Hüsken, N., Khoukaz, A., Wessels, J. P., Khosonthongkee, K., Kobdaj, C., Limphirat, A., Srisawad, P., Yan, Y., Barnyakov, M., Barnyakov, A. Yu., Beloborodov, K., Blinov, A. E., Blinov, V. E., Bobrovnikov, V. S., Kononov, S., Kravchenko, E. A., Kuyanov, I. A., Martin, K., Onuchin, A. P., Serednyakov, S., Sokolov, A., Tikhonov, Y., Atomssa, E., Kunne, R., Marchand, D., Ramstein, B., van de Wiele, J., Wang, Y., Boca, G., Costanza, S., Genova, P., Montagna, P., Rotondi, A., Abramov, V., Belikov, N., Bukreeva, S., Davidenko, A., Derevschikov, A., Goncharenko, Y., Grishin, V., Kachanov, V., Kormilitsin, V., Levin, A., Melnik, Y., Minaev, N., Mochalov, V., Morozov, D., Nogach, L., Poslavskiy, S., Ryazantsev, A., Ryzhikov, S., Semenov, P., Shein, I., Uzunian, A., Vasiliev, A., Yakutin, A., Tomasi-Gustafsson, E., Roy, U., Yabsley, B., Belostotski, S., Gavrilov, G., Izotov, A., Manaenkov, S., Miklukho, O., Veretennikov, D., Zhdanov, A., Makonyi, K., Preston, M., Tegner, P., Wölbing, D., Bäck, T., Cederwall, B., Rai, A. K., Godre, S., Calvo, D., Coli, S., De Remigis, P., Filippi, A., Giraudo, G., Lusso, S., Mazza, G., Mignone, M., Rivetti, A., Wheadon, R., Balestra, F., Iazzi, F., Introzzi, R., Lavagno, A., Olave, J., Amoroso, A., Bussa, M. P., Busso, L., De Mori, F., Destefanis, M., Fava, L., Ferrero, L., Greco, M., Hu, J., Lavezzi, L., Maggiora, M., Maniscalco, G., Marcello, S., Sosio, S., Spataro, S., Birsa, R., Bradamante, F., Bressan, A., Martin, A., Calen, H., Andersson, W. Ikegami, Johansson, T., Kupsc, A., Marciniewski, P., Papenbrock, M., Pettersson, J., Schönning, K., Wolke, M., Galnander, B., Diaz, J., Chackara, V. Pothodi, Chlopik, A., Kesik, G., Melnychuk, D., Slowinski, B., Trzcinski, A., Wojciechowski, M., Wronka, S., Zwieglinski, B., Bühler, P., Marton, J., Steinschaden, D., Suzuki, K., Widmann, E., and Zmeskal, J.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Simulation results for future measurements of electromagnetic proton form factors at \PANDA (FAIR) within the PandaRoot software framework are reported. The statistical precision with which the proton form factors can be determined is estimated. The signal channel $\bar p p \to e^+ e^-$ is studied on the basis of two different but consistent procedures. The suppression of the main background channel, $\textit{i.e.}$ $\bar p p \to \pi^+ \pi^-$, is studied. Furthermore, the background versus signal efficiency, statistical and systematical uncertainties on the extracted proton form factors are evaluated using two different procedures. The results are consistent with those of a previous simulation study using an older, simplified framework. However, a slightly better precision is achieved in the PandaRoot study in a large range of momentum transfer, assuming the nominal beam conditions and detector performance.

Published
2016

39. Spin caloritronics with superconductors: Enhanced thermoelectric effects, generalized Onsager response-matrix, and thermal spin currents

Author

Linder, Jacob and Bathen, Marianne Etzelmüller

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

It has recently been proposed and experimentally demonstrated that it is possible to generate large thermoelectric effects in ferromagnet/superconductor structures due to a spin-dependent particle-hole asymmetry. Here, we theoretically show that quasiparticle tunneling between two spin-split superconductors enhances the thermoelectric response manyfold compared to when only one such superconductor is used, generating Seebeck coefficients ($\mathcal{S} > 1$ mV/K) and figures of merit ($ZT \simeq 40$) far exceeding the best bulk thermoelectric materials, and also becomes more resilient toward inelastic scattering processes. We present a generalized Onsager response-matrix which takes into account spin-dependent voltage and temperature gradients. Moreover, we show that thermally induced spin currents created in such junctions, even in the absence of a polarized tunneling barrier, also become largest in the case where a spin-dependent particle-hole asymmetry exists on both sides of the barrier. We determine how these thermal spin currents can be tuned both in magnitude and sign by several parameters, including the external field, temperature, and the superconducting phase-difference., Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures. v2: Added several new results, such as the response matrix for spin-dependent biases and the evaluation of thermal spin currents. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. B

Published
2015
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42. Dual configuration of shallow acceptor levels in 4H-SiC

Author

Bathen, Marianne Etzelmueller, Kumar, Piyush, Ghezellou, Misagh, Belanche, Manuel, Vines, Lasse, Ul-Hassan, Jawad, Grossner, Ulrike, Bathen, Marianne Etzelmueller, Kumar, Piyush, Ghezellou, Misagh, Belanche, Manuel, Vines, Lasse, Ul-Hassan, Jawad, and Grossner, Ulrike

Abstract

Acceptor dopants in 4H-SiC exhibit energy levels that are located deeper in the band gap than the thermal energy at room temperature (RT), resulting in incomplete ionization at RT. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the defect energetics and how the impurities are introduced into the material is imperative. Herein, we study impurity related defect levels in 4H-SiC epitaxial layers (epi-layers) grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) under various conditions using minority carrier transient spectroscopy (MCTS). We find two trap levels assigned to boron impurities, B and D, which are introduced to varying degrees depending on the growth conditions. A second acceptor level that was labeled X in the literature and attributed to impurity related defects is also observed. Importantly, both the B and X levels exhibit fine structure revealed by MCTS measurements. We attribute the fine structure to acceptor impurities at hexagonal and pseudo -cubic lattice sites in 4H-SiC, and tentatively assign the X peak to Al based on experimental findings and density functional theory calculations., Funding Agencies|ETH Zurich Postdoctoral Fellowship, Norway; Research Council of Norway; University of Oslo, Norway through the frontier research project QuTe [325573]; Norwegian Micro-and Nano-Fabrication Facility, NorFab, Norway [295864]; Swedish Energy Agency Energimyndigheten, Sweden [43611-1]; Swedish Research Council VR, Sweden [2020-05444]

Published
2024
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43. Bose-Einstein correlations in hadron-pairs from lepto-production on nuclei ranging from hydrogen to xenon

Author

HERMES Collaboration, Airapetian, A., Akopov, N., Akopov, Z., Aschenauer, E. C., Augustyniak, W., Avakian, R., Avetissian, A., Avetisyan, E., Belostotski, S., Bianchi, N., Blok, H. P., Borissov, A., Bryzgalov, V., Burns, J., Capiluppi, M., Capitani, G. P., Cisbani, E., Ciullo, G., Contalbrigo, M., Dalpiaz, P. F., Deconinck, W., De Leo, R., De Sanctis, E., Diefenthaler, M., Di Nezza, P., Düren, M., Elbakian, G., Ellinghaus, F., Etzelmüller, E., Fabbri, R., Fantoni, A., Felawka, L., Frullani, S., Gapienko, G., Gapienko, V., García, J. Garay, Garibaldi, F., Gavrilov, G., Gharibyan, V., Giordano, F., Gliske, S., Hartig, M., Hasch, D., Holler, Y., Hristova, I., Imazu, Y., Ivanilov, A., Jackson, H. E., Joosten, S., Kaiser, R., Karyan, G., Keri, T., Kinney, E., Kisselev, A., Korotkov, V., Kozlov, V., Kravchenko, P., Krivokhijine, V. G., Lagamba, L., Lapikás, L., Lehmann, I., Lenisa, P., Ruiz, A. López, Lorenzon, W., Lu, X. -G., Ma, B. -Q., Mahon, D., Makins, N. C. R., Mao, Y., Marianski, B., de la Ossa, A. Martinez, Marukyan, H., Miyachi, Y., Movsisyan, A., Murray, M., Mussgiller, A., Nappi, E., Naryshkin, Y., Nass, A., Negodaev, M., Nowak, W. -D., Pappalardo, L. L., Perez-Benito, R., Petrosyan, A., Reimer, P. E., Reolon, A. R., Riedl, C., Rith, K., Rosner, G., Rostomyan, A., Rubin, J., Ryckbosch, D., Salomatin, Y., Schäfer, A., Schnell, G., Seitz, B., Shibata, T. -A., Shutov, V., Stahl, M., Stancari, M., Statera, M., Steijger, J. J. M., Taroian, S., Terkulov, A., Truty, R., Trzcinski, A., Tytgat, M., Van Haarlem, Y., Van Hulse, C., Veretennikov, D., Vikhrov, V., Vilardi, I., Wang, S., Yaschenko, S., Ye, Z., Yen, S., Zihlmann, B., and Zupranski, P.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Bose-Einstein correlations of like-sign charged hadrons produced in deep-inelastic electron and positron scattering are studied in the HERMES experiment using nuclear targets of $^1$H, $^2$H, $^3$He, $^4$He, N, Ne, Kr, and Xe. A Gaussian approach is used to parametrize a two-particle correlation function determined from events with at least two charged hadrons of the same sign charge. This correlation function is compared to two different empirical distributions that do not include the Bose-Einstein correlations. One distribution is derived from unlike-sign hadron pairs, and the second is derived from mixing like-sign pairs from different events. The extraction procedure used simulations incorporating the experimental setup in order to correct the results for spectrometer acceptance effects, and was tested using the distribution of unlike-sign hadron pairs. Clear signals of Bose-Einstein correlations for all target nuclei without a significant variation with the nuclear target mass are found. Also, no evidence for a dependence on the invariant mass W of the photon-nucleon system is found when the results are compared to those of previous experiments.

Published
2015

44. Pentaquark $\Theta^+$ search at HERMES

Author

The HERMES Collaboration, Akopov, N., Akopov, Z., Augustyniak, W., Avakian, R., Avetissian, A., Avetisyan, E., Belostotski, S., Blok, H. P., Borissov, A., Bowles, J., Bryzgalov, V., Burns, J., Capitani, G. P., Cisbani, E., Ciullo, G., Contalbrigo, M., Dalpiaz, P. F., Deconinck, W., De Leo, R., De Sanctis, E., Di Nezza, P., Elbakian, G., Etzelmüller, E., Fabbri, R., Fantoni, A., Felawka, L., Frullani, S., Gabbert, D., García, J. Garay, Garibaldi, F., Gavrilov, G., Giordano, F., Gliske, S., Hartig, M., Hasch, D., Holler, Y., Hristova, I., Imazu, Y., Ivanilov, A., Jackson, H. E., Joosten, S., Kaiser, R., Karyan, G., Keri, T., Kinney, E., Kisselev, A., Kozlov, V., Kravchenko, P., Krivokhijine, V. G., Lagamba, L., Lapikás, L., Lehmann, I., Ruiz, A. López, Lorenzon, W., Lu, X., Ma, B. -Q., Mahon, D., Manaenkov, S. I., Mao, Y., Marianski, B., de la Ossa, A. Martinez, Marukyan, H., Miller, C. A., Miyachi, Y., Movsisyan, A., Murray, M., Nappi, E., Nass, A., Negodaev, M., Nowak, W. -D., Pappalardo, L. L., Perez-Benito, R., Petrosyan, A., Reimer, P. E., Reolon, A. R., Riedl, C., Rith, K., Rosner, G., Rostomyan, A., Rubin, J., Ryckbosch, D., Salomatin, Y., Schnell, G., Schüler, K. P., Seitz, B., Shibata, T. -A., Stancari, M., Steijger, J. J. M., Taroian, S., Terkulov, A., Truty, R., Trzcinski, A., Tytgat, M., Van Haarlem, Y., Van Hulse, C., Veretennikov, D., Vikhrov, V., Vilardi, I., Wang, S., Yaschenko, S., Ye, H., Ye, Z., Yen, S., Zihlmann, B., and Zupranski, P.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The earlier search at HERMES for narrow baryon states excited in quasi-real photoproduction, decaying through the channel $pK_S^0\rightarrow p\pi^+\pi^-$, has been extended with improved decay-particle reconstruction, more advanced particle identification, and increased event samples. The structure observed earlier at an invariant mass of 1528 MeV shifts to 1522 MeV and the statistical significance drops to about 2$\sigma$ for data taken with a deuterium target. The number of events above background is $68_{-31}^{+98}\text{(stat)}\pm13\text{(sys)}$. No such structure is observed in the hydrogen data set.

Published
2014
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46. Latest improvements of microchannel-plate PMTS

Author

Lehmann, A., Böhm, M., Miehling, D., Pfaffinger, M., Stelter, S., Uhlig, F., Ali, A., Belias, A., Dzhygadlo, R., Gerhardt, A., Krebs, M., Lehmann, D., Peters, K., Schepers, G., Schwarz, C., Schwiening, J., Traxler, M., Schmitt, L., Düren, M., Etzelmüller, E., Föhl, K., Hayrapetyan, A., Kreutzfeld, K., Rieke, J., Schmidt, M., Wasem, T., and Sfienti, C.

Published
2020
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47. Particle identification with DIRCs at PANDA

Author

Düren, M., Ali, A., Belias, A., Dzhygadlo, R., Gerhardt, A., Krebs, M., Lehmann, D., Peters, K., Schepers, G., Schwarz, C., Schwiening, J., Traxler, M., Schmitt, L., Böhm, M., Lehmann, A., Pfaffinger, M., Stelter, S., Uhlig, F., Etzelmüller, E., Föhl, K., Hayrapetyan, A., Kreutzfeld, K., Rieke, J., Schmidt, M., Wasem, T., and Sfienti, C.

Published
2020
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48. Recent progress with microchannel-plate PMTs

Author

Lehmann, A., Böhm, M., Miehling, D., Pfaffinger, M., Stelter, S., Uhlig, F., Ali, A., Belias, A., Dzhygadlo, R., Gerhardt, A., Krebs, M., Lehmann, D., Peters, K., Schepers, G., Schwarz, C., Schwiening, J., Traxler, M., Schmitt, L., Düren, M., Etzelmüller, E., Föhl, K., Hayrapetyan, A., Kreutzfeld, K., Rieke, J., Schmidt, M., Wasem, T., and Sfienti, C.

Published
2020
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49. The PANDA DIRC detectors

Author

Etzelmüller, E., Schwiening, J., Ali, A., Belias, A., Dzhygadlo, R., Gerhardt, A., Krebs, M., Lehmann, D., Peters, K., Schepers, G., Schwarz, C., Traxler, M., Schmitt, L., Böhm, M., Lehmann, A., Pfaffinger, M., Stelter, S., Uhlig, F., Düren, M., Föhl, K., Hayrapetyan, A., Kreutzfeld, K., Rieke, J., Schmidt, M., Wasem, T., and Sfienti, C.

Published
2020
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