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This resource is an application for the Hunt Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Wenner-Gren Foundation. How do indigenous practitioners successfully heal? What can we learn from animistic medical traditions? My research has examined these questions through long-term ethnographic fieldwork on the healing practices of the Akha, a group of non-literate swidden farmers living in highland Laos. I documented for the first time in detail the system of Akha healing sacrifices and their shamanic tradition. Taking an interdisciplinary approach, I explored the question of efficacy by drawing from the burgeoning science of 'placebo effects,' a field of study that has considerably advanced our understanding of the effective elements of rituals. Analysing the Akha ethnographic material through the lens of 'placebo science' offered new ways of interpreting the efficacy of Akha therapies and refined previous anthropological theories. It also revealed that Akha own ideas about efficacy and aetiology capture some fundamental aspects of the causal dynamics implicated in illness and healing, which biomedicine, for instance, overlooks. I argued that this finding vindicates the value of animistic healing practices. Accordingly, it sheds new light on old anthropological debates on 'rationality.' The implications of the argument extend beyond anthropology to inform larger debates in global history of medicine and science, as well as biomedical practice. During the Hunt Fellowship, I will complete a book manuscript for this project.

This book introduces previously unrecognized ancient written evidence that in pre-Columbian times multiple intellectual exchanges took place between Asiatic and North American populations. Using the novel integration of the legal concept of substantial similarity with the comparative statistical tool of Jaccard's Index of Similarity the Chinese origin of 107+ North American petroglyphs and pictographs is established. Here is the long sought sinographic proof that Asiatic explorers not only reached the Americas long before the first European voyagers, but that they interacted positively with Native North American people on multiple occasions over an extended period of time.

This document describes the archaeological activities of the Banda Research Project, which from 1982-2011 investigated sites dating to the last two millennia in the Banda area, Bono Region, Ghana. It summarizes the project’s history and describes general excavation strategies and lab procedures as context for using the excavation field notes and other materials curated in The Digital Archaeological Record’s (tDAR) “Banda Through Time” Collection (https://core.tdar.org/collection/70383/banda-through-time).

The Alaskan forward operating bases (FOBs) played a significant role in the United States’ strategic air defense in the early Cold War. Because the Alaskan FOBs were located close to the Soviet Union, and more importantly, close to Soviet bases used for bomber operations, the fighters stationed there could and did intercept the major share of Soviet aircraft that ventured into American airspace. This booklet presents the history of the FOBs and was compiled from a variety of sources, including recently declassified military histories and interviews with veterans and long-time contractors at the installations.

This resource is an application for the Dissertation Fieldwork Grant from the Wenner-Gren Foundation. This project proposes a legal historical ethnography of the liberal legal institution of parole as a site to explore the assimilation of colonial subjectivities into post-apartheid governance and social relations. It poses the question of how the institution mediates between the universalist liberal aspirations of law, and continued racial oppression and hierarchy in post-apartheid South Africa. It is concerned with the ways in which the process of forming colonial subjects through criminal law manifests in the evaluation of fitness for release ? or reformation ? when exiting incarceration. By situating its examination on the "exit" point of incarceration, it shifts the view point of previous studies of colonial subject formation that look at creation at the entry point: criminalisation and conviction. It proposes a two-phase investigation. Firstly, it will engage colonial and apartheid archives for records of early release and parole. Secondly, it undertakes participant-observation of parole board hearings in two locations, supplemented by interviews with parole board members, community corrections officers, NGO employees, and parolees.

This is a presentation from the 2021 Arizona Archaeological Council (AAC) Fall symposium on "The Archaeology of Canals in the Arizona Desert". The Huhugam created a vast irrigation canal system that extended for miles feeding agricultural fields and villages along the Salt and Gila Rivers. When the Gila River ran dry the Gila River Indian Community worked hard to return the water to the people. The Pima-Maricopa Irrigation Project, the first tribally built irrigation system would deliver settlement waters to agricultural lands and riparian areas in the Gila River Indian Community.

This resource is an application for the Dissertation Fieldwork Grant from the Wenner-Gren Foundation. This research examines salvage: its different meanings, the theoretical directions it leads to, and how it contributes to understanding social life in Lebanon -a country that, for some time now, has been described as being on the brink of collapse. Among scientists repurposing microbial samples in laboratories, physicians using salvage therapies in clinics, and political activists constantly building and re-building movements and organizations, I study how salvage interacts with three different life-forms: microbial life, human life and political life. Using an array of methods - laboratory ethnography, in-depth interviews, oral histories, and document collection and analysis - these research trajectories will contribute to understanding salvage as everyday practice, as proximal to anticipated collapse, and as an analytic that reconciles practices across different kinds of life. Throughout, I bring salvage to bear on such anthropological categories as value, labor, accumulation, possession, dispossession and, by extension, one thread of social life in Lebanon. Here, living in a world that always seems to be coming to an end, this research asks: What does it mean to live a salvageable life?

This resource is an application for the Dissertation Fieldwork Grant from the Wenner-Gren Foundation. This research project examines transformations in the relationship between race and biopolitics in Sitka, Alaska, focusing on infectious disease outbreaks over the past 200 years. Specifically, I interrogate the intersection of whiteness and infectious disease and suggest that the politicized concept of whiteness has shifted dramatically. I hypothesize that: 1) over the course of Russian and US rule, whiteness has served as a political matrix through which colonial powers consolidated biopolitical control of Native Alaskan Tlingit populations and that 2) during our current pandemic, whiteness serves as a matrix that threatens to undermine biopolitical cohesion and biosecurity of the Sitkan Tlingit and non-Native population. This research ? conducted with approval from Sitka Tribe of Alaska and Sealaska Heritage Institute ? seeks to understand how practices of biopolitical racialization have formed, changed, and retained their historical residues. This project contributes to medical anthropology and provides vital insight into attitudes toward public health measures during a pandemic. Such information is immediately useful to tribal governments and public health officials mitigating COVID-19?s impacts. It simultaneously analyzes the interplay between race, colonialism, and public health in the context of infectious disease outbreaks.

This is a presentation from the 2021 Arizona Archaeological Council (AAC) Fall symposium on "The Archaeology of Canals in the Arizona Desert". Recent data recovery operations conducted on the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community by North Wind Resource Consulting (North Wind) resulted in two subsurface exposures of the Pima Lateral, an historic irrigation canal that served as the principal irrigation work for the early northside community prior to the creation of the Salt River Indian Reservation in 1879. These efforts provided for a geomorphological analysis of the Pima Lateral and surrounding Lehi Terrace landform, as well as an examination of archival documents and maps in preparing an historic context to better understand the canal’s significance. This context not only informed on the on the developmental history of the Pima Lateral and the broader, northside irrigation system that emerged in the ensuing decades, but also on the social, political, economic, and environmental factors that affected the trajectory of federal modernization efforts on the early Salt River community during the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries.

This resource is an application for the Dissertation Fieldwork Grant from the Wenner-Gren Foundation. This project investigates how people marshal the past to secure a sustainable future. I ask how Amerindian people in Amazonia attribute historical and ecological values and meanings to anthropogenic landscapes, while simultaneously building an understanding of themselves within a complex set of changing relations between humans, nonhuman agents, and the environment. I propose an ethnography of how the Wauja people from Upper-Xingu enact regimes of ownership over land and ecological resources. I integrate ethnographic, ethnoarchaeological, and linguistic anthropological methods into an engaged anthropology framework to examine how the Wauja construct semiotic bridges of meaning between material evidences of past occupations and present-day models of territoriality and growth. This project advances a multivalent anthropology of ecological fruition that undertakes the analysis of thus far overlooked connections between cultural articulations of ownership, nurture, and domestication. I argue that the debate around human domestication of nonhumans through relations of ownership helps clarify disjunctions between indigenous regimes of ownership and western regimes of property. Ultimately, this research illuminates how indigenous people translate traditional understandings into a Western idiom when performing political claims to territory. This investigation contributes in innovative ways to anthropological perspectives on the constitution of the self through asymmetrical relations to others.

Cultural resource management (CRM) and industrial archaeology are newer fields to the broad scope of archeology. CRM and industrial archaeology both have methods on identifying and processing cultural resources, but CRM can provide valuable methods on preserving, reusing or identifying industrial heritage. This paper will display how CRM and industrial archaeology are needed together to fully understand the cultural importance and physical important of the building in the past and present.

This resource is an application for the Dissertation Fieldwork Grant from the Wenner-Gren Foundation. Tangier Island is a small, incorporated town, just over one square mile, of 470 inhabitants in the Chesapeake Bay, belonging to Accomack County, in the Commonwealth of Virginia, USA. Its residents are densely related watermen and their families--mostly white, lower income, politically conservative, Christian, and skeptical of science and climate change. Endogamous marriage is preferred, resulting in residents who are kin in multiple ways to each other, while also holding individuated roles that are defined by occupation, gender, and other modes of differentiation. Their island, a series of three sandy ridges, is sinking, with scientists predicting it will be uninhabitable in 25-50 years, due to anthropogenic sea-level rise. This project asks: what is the effect of impending displacement on concepts of property and relatedness for Tangier islanders? What happens to inheritance, role succession, and local hierarchy in the face of imminent displacement? The project is comparative. Data will be gathered on historic (1900-2010) and contemporary (2010-present) relations, roles, and exchange practices, and on emic concepts of nature, time, and displacement, via a 13-month period of archival work and fieldwork, including interviewing, genealogical and oral history elicitation, and participant-observation, in four phases. The project seeks to fill a gap in anthropology's understanding the socio-cultural effects of climate change, including for populations that contest scientific epistemologies, and seeks to contribute to social science on recognition of interests, concomitant injuries of class, and socially stratified outcomes of imminent displacement.

This report provides an overview which adopts a basic approach that describes the broadest outlines of Alaska’s prehistoric culture history as seen against the backdrop of these environmental changes and geographic divides. Results of the many more advanced analyses of prehistoric behavior are omitted for the sake of simplicity, as are the details of the many scholarly debates important in the archaeological literature.

In January 2018, Tetra Tech Inc. (Tetra Tech) conducted a Cultural Resources Assessment Survey (CRAS) in support of groundwater remediation efforts at Launch Complex 34 (LC34), Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS), Brevard County, Florida. A total of 244 shovel test pits (STPs) were excavated during the course of the investigation with no cultural material recovered and no archaeological resources identified. As a result of this investigation, Tetra Tech concludes that the proposed Project will have no effect to any historic properties, as defined in 36 CFR Part 800, eligible or potentially eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places and no additional work is recommended.

This resource is an application for the Dissertation Fieldwork Grant from the Wenner-Gren Foundation. This project looks to emerging political practices surrounding the politics of memory for recent Eritrean refugees in Bologna, Italy. Since the mid-2000's Eritrea's young have been leaving in droves, in numbers as high as 2,000 to 7,000 people monthly. Traversing one of the deadliest migrant trails in the world, Eritreans constitute the second largest refugee group entering the EU by boat. I focus on the experiences of recent Eritrean refugees, in relation to the established Eritrean diaspora, to examine national history, identity and politics as it is experienced and practiced within this critical juncture. My work engages theories on forced migration, refugeeism, crisis and conflict and collective memory to understand how communal bonds are reconstitution following experiences of protracted political violence (Theidon 2012), with an understanding that violence has reverberations across time, space, and generation (Bourgois 2001; Feldman 1991). Finally, it looks to how new migrants are incorporated within existing migrant networks, with an added attention to the particular post-colonial dynamics between Eritrea's liberation movement and the Italian left, which was a partner to the Eritrean People's Liberation Front, the guerilla group that would claim national independence and the current ruling party of the state.

This resource is an application for the Dissertation Fieldwork Grant from the Wenner-Gren Foundation. This project examines how the destruction of built environments reconfigures economic and environmental inequalities in the postindustrial United States. It does so by investigating the demolition of vacant buildings in Detroit. Estimated to number between 70,000 and 100,000, vacant buildings index decades of racially motivated population decline and deindustrialization. Such structures are concentrated in poorer, minority inhabited neighborhoods, where they become targets of arson and sites of crime, emit noxious fumes, and reduce property values. Hundreds of millions in public funds have been committed to demolish 50,000 vacant buildings by 2020, with funds directed to private enterprises that sell land to developers while they demolish buildings and train welfare recipients and recently paroled convicts to do so. Municipal, state, and federal administrators credit removal as a means of 'developing a financially stable, decontaminated city.' Still, as hazardous built environments are removed from Detroit's landscape, public health advocates and occupational health regulators contend they produce new hazards, including emissions of toxin-laced demolition dust. Using ethnographic methods, this project asks: (1) How does the removal of polluted buildings become a process of selling land? (2) How are marginalized people made into a demolition workforce? (3) How does the removal of contaminated built environments generate new claims to toxic exposure, from whom, and to what ends? By bridging literatures on cities and built environments, economic transformations, and toxic matter, this project asks how processes of removal give rise to new formations of value and inequality through intersecting configurations of land, work, and contamination.

This resource is an application for the Post PhD Research Grant from the Wenner-Gren Foundation. Seven years after the guns ceased to thunder in Northern Uganda, and four years after people left the squalid displacement camps to return home to their 'ancestral' lands, clans in rural areas in Acoliland began to create their own non-profit foundations. In doing so, many clans have had to contemplate, debate, and finally write their foundations' constitutions, mobilizing, translating, and negotiating indigenous knowledge and governance into this alternate form. These initiatives have emerged as a widespread, yet unproven, strategy in the area to address pressing contemporary social issues for members of the clan in post conflict and post displacement contexts, and congruently, in face of what has been called 'the global land rush' (RRI 2012); as a major impetus to the foundations' creations is the eventual pursuit of communal, formally titled land. A part of what I conceptualize as social repairing through refusal, these initiatives draw attention to emerging and transforming ideas and practices of relatedness, including indigenous governance, in context, and ultimately centers and questions the importance of land pressures, both internal and external, to re-elaborations of relatedness-- specifically in response to violence--through time.

THE HOPI TRIBE and Anthropological Research, LLC, collaborated on an ethnographic study of the Navajo Generating Station and proposed Kayenta Mine Complex (NGS-KMC), and associated facilities. The study area is within the traditional homeland of the Hopi people, and a portion of it is within the Hopi Indian Reservation. Numerous Hopi clans have migration histories that situate them historically and spiritually within the study area, and ongoing cultural beliefs and practices continue to connect the Hopi people with this landscape. The Hopi people thus consider the NGS-KMC study area to be a meaningful landscape that merits protection and preservation.

This paper documents and offers translations for two sets of ancient, highly complex inscriptions readable as Chinese that were pecked into the rocks of Arizona and New Mexico an estimated 2,500 years ago. Here is what appears to be conclusive epigraphic evidence that Chinese explorers not only reached the Americas in pre-Columbian times but also interacted positively with Native populations, sharing both intellectual and cultural information.

This report documents the results of a Phase II cultural resources inventory of 7,000 acres on Range 77 (EC South), Nellis Air Force Base (NAFB), Nevada Test and Training Range (NTTR) Nye County, Nevada. Surveyed acreage encompasses two adjacent drainage corridors, lower Thirsty Canyon and lower Rocket Wash, both of which had been selected for the establishment of targets to be used in live-fire air-to-ground combat training. The NAFB/NTTR proposes to establish seven target zones in Thirsty Canyon and two target zones in Rocket Wash for the purposes of live-fire, small munitions bombing.

Doyon Utilities (Doyon) planned to rebuild an existing 34.5KV above ground feeder line in order to improve the current Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson (JBER) electrical distribution system. The project would add to the overall capability of the existing 34.5KV line, which could distribute landfill gas facility (LGS) generated power through the JBER electrical grid. Doyon contracted Northern Land Use Research Alaska, LLC (NLURA) to conduct a Phase II cultural resource survey of the proposed right of way (ROW) for the transmission line. This report is the final cultural resources report for NLURA's survey of the Doyon Utilities (DOYON) 34.5KV Transmission Line. This document also includes a letter to the Alaska State Historic Preservation Office regarding the project.

This resource is an application for the Dissertation Fieldwork Grant from the Wenner-Gren Foundation. This project will investigate the socio-economic foundations of oasis communities during the Early Bronze Age (EBA, ca. 3100BCE - 2000BCE) in southeastern Arabia. These relatively small-scale communities demonstrate strategic organizational and subsistence choices in extreme environments and climates that led to the establishment of widespread oasis agriculture communities across the landscape. This project will operate as a contextualized study of settlement patterning and plant cultivation and usage amongst EBA oasis communities in southeastern Arabia through the integration of geospatial, ethnoarchaeological, and archaeobotanical analyses. Decision-making strategies of EBA inhabitants will be contextualized and analyzed using niche construction frameworks that focus on humans as agents of cultural change. This project will examine how EBA communities organized themselves, practiced plant cultivation, strategized decision-making, and, thus, contributed to the maintenance and spread of oasis agriculture communities, which provided the socio-economic foundations for development of complexity in southeastern Arabia.

This probability analysis report includes the addition of all cultural resource sites added to the Alaska Heritage Resources Survey (AHRS) and all cultural resource surveys conducted on Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson (JBER) and reported on between October 2011 and March 2016. It also includes updated prehistorical and historical contexts. Updates have been made to all cultural resources feature point information and the known cultural resources studies.

This resource is an application for the Dissertation Fieldwork Grant from the Wenner-Gren Foundation. My research examines new configurations of sovereign power in Central America in the context of two momentous transformations currently taking place on the Afro-indigenous Miskitu Coast of Nicaragua. The first of these is the escalating militarization of the coast by the neo-Sandinista regime of Daniel Ortega, allegedly in response to high volumes of cocaine trafficking. The second is the concession to a Chinese company of the rights to build a transoceanic canal across Nicaragua, requiring the expropriation of wide expanses of Afro-indigenous communal land. These large-scale political and economic interventions are being enacted without prior popular consultation in the affected regions and against the expressed wishes of elected indigenous and Afro-Creole leaders. My research asks how these processes of militarization and extraction clash or converge with Afro-indigenous forms of sociopolitical organization. My fieldwork will focus on two of the most important institutions of local governance in the rural villages of the Miskitu Coast: the annually-elected indigenous judges, known as 'wihtas,' responsible for arbitrating conflicts and determining the appropriate forms of punishment or restitution in cases of injury and criminal offense; and the annually-elected 'síndicos,' regulators of communal resources and economic concessions for multi-communal 'territorial blocks.' How does the presence of the military alter indigenous legal practices, and how do practices of community policing morph as a result? What would a new regional economy dominated by a new transoceanic canal look like, considering that the concessionaire is a Chinese company acting in a purportedly socialist country, in a region technically governed by a communal property regime?

The following document is an Integrated Cultural Resources Management Plan (ICRMP) for Eareckson Air Station, Alaska. The Integrated Cultural Resources Management Plan (ICRMP) is a planning document used to manage an installation's cultural resources management program. The document identifies cultural resource activities such as surveys and building inventories, that have taken place on an installation. It also identifies and describes historic resources within installation boundaries, identifies Native American groups affiliated with an installation, and provides a plan for staying in compliance with cultural resource laws. The document is used by installation command to make decisions about cultural resources management and compliance activities.

This cultural resource and probability analysis report includes the addition of all cultural resource sites added to the Alaska Heritage Resources Survey (AHRS) and all cultural resource surveys conducted on Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson (JBER) and reported on between October 2011 and March 2015. It also includes updated prehistorical and historical contexts. Updates have been made to Sections 1.0, 1.2.3, 1.2.4, 2.0, 3.1, 3.2, 4.0, 5.0, and Appendix A.

This report discusses a general history of the Soviet relations that lead to the development of the Aircraft Control and Warning System (AC&W) in Alaska. It provides a general assessment of the archaeological sites at AC&W along with sites eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). It also provides an oral history of worker experiences at AC&W. In 1997, the 611th Air Support Group (611 ASG), in coordination with the Alaska State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO), determined that the Aircraft Control and Warning (AC&W) System meets the eligibility criteria for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) for its significant contribution to national and Alaskan history and its important engineering design (i.e., National Register Criteria A and C). The 611 ASG also determined that Cape Lisburne, Fort Yukon, Kotzebue, and Tin City retained enough original structures to be eligible for inclusion in the NRHP (611 CES 1998). Cape Lisburne was determined to be the best example among the four eligible sites. This report is an updated version of the 2002 report of the same name. (https://core.tdar.org/document/459179)

This report summarizes the inventory of Dine (Navajo) Traditional Cultural Properties (TCPs) at Fort Wingate Depot Activity (FWDA). FWDA as a whole is part of Dine Bikeyah (Navajoland) and is connected to and embedded in Dine sacred geographies. As such, it is part of a Dine traditional cultural landscape and is recommended eligible for inclusion on the NRHP as an historic district TCP. Three component landscapes at FWDA that also function as contributing elements to this historic district were identified during the TCP Inventory and are additionally recommended eligible for inclusion on the NRHP, as are the known 187 hogan sites, 107 sweatlodges, 203 livestock corrals, 329 Anasazi sites, and six shrines/offering locations. Because of the historical and cultural significance and integrity of association the Dine have with FWDA lands, their natural and cultural features and resources, it is vital that all future actions and cleanup efforts take into account Dine values, understandings, and beliefs through regular and continual consultation during the FWDA cleanup process.

The Alaska Army National Guard (AKARNG) proposed to build a new United States Property and Fiscal Office (USPFO) at Camp Denali on Joint Base Elmendorf Fort Richardson (JBER), (formed by administratively combining Elmendorf Air Force Base-EAFB and Fort Richardson), near Anchorage, Alaska. Some surface and subsurface remains associated with the Army's Fort Richardson facility and the National Guard's Camp Denali and Camp Carroll facility may be present on the APE. The AKARNG had contracted with Ahtna Environmental, Inc. (Ahtna) to provide engineering services for the project. Northern Land Use Research, Inc. (NLUR) had subcontracted with Ahtna to conduct a Section 106 evaluation of cultural resources within the APE. This report details the survey.

The Appleton Museum of Art New World Treasures Exhibition Artifacts from Conquistador Hernando De Soto’s 1539 Expedition and the Lost Mission of San Buenaventura De Potano A team of international historians and archaeologists have been thoroughly investigating this De Soto site and the lost Franciscan Mission of San Buenaventura since its discovery in 2005. The archaeologists credited with the discovery and honored by the United States Congress are University of Florida professors, Dr. Fred A. White and Dr. Michele C. White, and University of Florida Anderson Scholar and History Honors Graduate, Ethan A. White. The site in central Florida is considered one of the most important archaeological sites in the early history and exploration of the United States. The archaeological discovery has unearthed rare Spanish artifacts dating more than 500 years old. This Potano Indian village site lies between Ocala and Gainesville, Florida and has been officially recorded as the MR03538 site, by the Bureaus of Archaeological Research and Historical Preservation within the Florida Department of State. Historical evidence confirms Spanish missionary activity began at this Native Indian site as early as 1580 when Spanish missionaries returned to the town of Potano visited by Hernando de Soto in 1539. Artifacts from the discovery are unique among other ancient Florida locations considered to be from the First Spanish Period. The numbers of medieval coins found at the clandestine site appear to be more than all of the coins found at all of the mission sites in the American mainland thus far. A few types of these rare maravedis coins were also discovered at the La Isabel settlement in the Dominican Republic founded by Christopher Columbus in 1493. The ancient coins found at the site display the names of King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile, the monarchs that united the largest kingdoms of Spain by marrying in 1469 and ruling equally, King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella’s efforts were crucial to the discovery of America. This newly discovered archaeological site is the oldest confirmed New World contact site in the United States. Acknowledgment for confirmation and identification of the artifacts goes to a large and diverse group of scholars throughout the country, Dr. Alan M. Stahl, Curator of Numismatics, Princeton University, Dr. Jerald T. Milanich, Curator Emeritus in Archaeology of the Florida Museum of Natural History, Dr. Gifford Waters, Historical Archaeology Collections Manager of the Florida Museum of Natural History, Dr. Kathleen Deagan, Distinguished Research Curator of Archaeology for the University of Florida, Dr. Michael Gannon, Distinguished Service Professor Emeritus of History, University of Florida and Dr. Charles M. Hudson, Emeritus Professor of Anthropology and History, University of Georgia. Dr. Charles M. Hudson, Emeritus Professor of Anthropology and History, University of Georgia, noted on the important discovery, “Crossbow points, 7-layered chevrons, mail armor, and Ferdinand and Isabella coins now backed up with XFR testing, this is the definitive De Soto site.” “The discovery and recognition of the White site is a major archaeological and historical event. The on-going investigations and interpretation of the White / De Soto site promise to clarify the Spanish and Indian history of north-central Florida and to add immeasurably to our knowledge of the Hernando De Soto expedition.” Professor Hudson is considered the world’s top scholar on Hernando De Soto, author of countless research publications and Knights of Spain, Warriors of the Sun. Dr. Jerald T. Milanich, Curator Emeritus in Archaeology of the Florida Museum of Natural History, stated on the significant discovery, "I looked at the archaeological evidence. There is absolutely no doubt that is a De Soto contact site.” “The site Ashley White has found seems certainly 100 percent I’d say to be the main Indian town of Potano that De Soto had been at and also the later location of the mission of San Buenaventura de Potano.” Professor Milanich is the leading expert and author of multiple books about the Potano culture and Hernando De Soto’s expedition. Dr. Gifford Waters, Collections Manager for Historical Archaeology at the Florida Museum of Natural History and an expert on Spanish missions, noted, "This (the De Soto site) is an extremely important site, historically and archaeologically." Dr. Michael V. Gannon, Distinguished Service Professor Emeritus of History, University of Florida, stated that, “The White Ranch / De Soto site is one of the absolute most important American / Spanish archaeological discoveries in my lifetime. Having been a priest and being able to walk the site and hold a Rosary discovered within the mission ruins was quite overwhelming. There was a calming and reassuring feeling that the 500 years of history here had not been lost and that the fine archaeological work would ensure a permanent record and the hope the artifacts will join the collection of the University of Florida Museum of Natural History.” Professor Gannon is one of the most influential scholars and authors on Spanish colonial history. The recent scientific findings were published in the peer-reviewed International Journal of Archaeology and with the Florida Department of State, Division of Historical Resources, Bureau of Archaeological Research in Tallahassee, Florida. The collection of artifacts is at the Florida Museum of Natural History.

Doyon Utilities, LLC implemented the construction of the Raptor Transmission Line (RTL) located on Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson (JBER) at the direction of the 673d Civil Engineering Squadron to enhance the electrical distribution system found on the installation. Weston Solutions, Inc. (WS) has been contracted by Doyon Utilities to provide environmental permitting services for the project. WS contracted with Northern Land Use Research (NLUR) to conduct a Level I "reconnaissance" archaeological survey, as defined by the Alaska Office of History and Archaeology (OHA) (Historic Preservation Series No. 11, revised 2003), of the RTL right-of-way (ROW), primarily focused on sections of the proposed route found on the former Elmendorf Air Force Base located south of Grady Road. The findings within this report are not focused on the previously completed archeological surveys that were executed prior to the 2008 Utilities Privatization of Fort Richardson and ROW conveyances to Doyon Utilities outside of this effort. The findings within those areas are outside the scope of this report.

The Kissimmee River Basin in south-central Florida is a unique and biologically diverse landscape that is home to rare and unique habitats and wildlife found nowhere else, and an agricultural way of life that is slowly disappearing. With Florida’s population expected to double to 36 million from 2010 to 2060 (Zwick and Carr 2006) and many major development projects in the works, the time is now to conserve what is left. In 2010, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) helped initiate discussions to form the Greater Everglades Partnership Initiative with a broad array of partners to begin collaborating on the best and most cost-effective ways to achieve conservation across the landscape. This partnership approach is being advanced as a means to collaboratively conserve wildlife and habitats, to protect corridors linking established conservation lands, and to conserve a working cattle ranching landscape and heritage. The Service will contribute and collaborate with a long list of current agencies and organizations already working to conserve this landscape by establishing a new national wildlife refuge and conservation area.

This book presents the results of the archaeological investigations that were conducted along then Light Rail route before and during its construction. As with any project that receives federal funding, METRO was legally required to undertake archaeological investigations along the project corridor; but production of this volume reflects not only METRO's commitment to legal compliance with environmental laws, but also the commitment of the cities of Phoenix, Tempe, and Mesa to preserve and protect the rich prehistoric and historic heritage upon which they are built— a heritage that is reflected in the very name of Phoenix. As a result of our investigations, we encountered a wealth of archaeological materials, investigated 1,049 features, and recovered over a quarter of a million artifacts— not surprising given that the Light Rail route traverses numerous prehistoric villages that were occupied by the Hohokam about 1,000 years ago. While only a very few of these artifacts can be described in this volume, most of them are curated (stored under controlled conditions so they can be preserved for future generations of researchers) at three local museums— Pueblo Grande Museum in Phoenix, the Tempe Historical Museum in Tempe, and the Arizona Museum of Natural History in Mesa. Here we discuss some of the more interesting prehistoric and historic artifacts and features that we found, and relate how their analysis has advanced what we know about the prehistoric and early historic occupations of the Phoenix metropolitan area. Data recovery investigations and monitoring conducted for the CP/EV Light Rail project resulted in the discovery and excavation of 141 mortuary features and the recovery of skeletal remains from a minimum of 152 individuals. Of these, 31 mortuary features (33 individuals) were recovered from Pueblo Grande (AZ U:9:1[ASM]) and 110 mortuary features (119 individuals) were recovered from La Plaza (AZ U:9:165[ASM]). Although in comparison with earlier investigations the size of the samples is modest, the aim of this chapter is to explore what mortuary practices and skeletal remains reveal about the early inhabitants of the Phoenix Basin. This is Volume III of the report which covers the bioarchaeological analysis of finds encountered during this project.

From January to May 2010, AMEC Earth & Environmental conducted archival research for the African-American barracks locale (8.3 acres) at Camp Forrest (40CF310). The research was conducted to gather information toward a historic context to assess the significance of the locale with regard to its National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) eligibility status. Several local, state, and federal repositories were visited and researched for the project in an effort to gather as much information as possible about the African-American military experience at Camp Forrest. Another goal of the research was to attempt to locate living African-American soldiers that served at Camp Forrest and interview them to gather first-hand information about their military experience. Attempts were also made to locate interview transcripts of African-American soldiers that served at Camp Forrest. AMEC’s archival research for the African-American barracks locale at Camp Forrest has provided insight into how the site was arranged, how it operated, and what training occurred. Recommendations were, that compared to the overall African-American military experience during World War II as represented at other military facilities where there is more archival documentation, extant African-American barracks and work areas or documentation of African-American barracks and work areas, and more informant interviews, the African-American barracks locale at Camp Forrest is not eligible for listing on the NRHP. The Tennessee State Historic Preservation Office concurred.

Western Apache history, as it relates to the State Route 260 (SR 260) Payson-to-Heber project implemented by Desert Archaeology, Inc., is summarized in this report. This project was conducted to mitigate the impact of highway realignment and improvement on cultural resources along a 74-km- (46-mile-) long stretch of right-of-way between Payson and Heber (Milepost 256 to Milepost 302) (Herr 1999). Ethnohistoric research included preliminary fieldwork in 2000 (Ferguson and Anyon 2000), followed by more intensive work to identify Western Apache cultural sites and historic places in and near the right-of-way. Fieldwork involved consultants from the San Carlos Apache Tribe, White Mountain Apache Tribe, and Yavapai-Apache Nation. To complement the 2000 fieldwork, KenCairn conducted a literature review of Western Apache history and culture, as well as a series of interviews with consultants from the White Mountain Apache Tribe and the Yavapai-Apache Nation. Individuals were chosen for their specific knowledge of the study area. Three goals guided the research with Apache cultural advisors: (1) documentation of the Apache cultural landscapes in and around the project area (2) explanation of how the project area is part of the Western Apache homelands; and (3) inspection of archaeological sites, maps, and artifacts by Western Apache cultural advisors to determine how they are related to Apache use of the study area. Data recovery at three archaeological sites exhibited recognizable Apache or Yavapai remains. These include a possible ramada at the McGoonie site, AZ 0:12:25/AR-03-12-04-743 (ASM/TNF); an Apache occupation component at the Plymouth Landing site, AZ 0:12:89/ AR-03-12-04-1411 (ASM/ TNF); and a roasting pit at the Ponderosa Campground site, AZ 0:12:19/AR-03-12-04-1159 (ASM/ TNF). Ethnographic fieldwork also revealed important Apache cultural and historical sites, including an Apache camp near Milepost 259, an Apache trail up See Canyon near Christopher Creek, an Apache camp at Indian Garden/Kohl's Ranch, and an Apache ceremonial ground near the present intersection of SR 260 and Forest Service (FS) 512, the road to Young, Arizona. In this study, ethnohistoric interpretations are blended with archaeological investigations to better understand the nature of Apache archaeology.

Geo-Marine, Inc., conducted archaeological inventory of 6,989 acres on EC South Range, part of the Nellis Test and Training Range. The primary goal of the project was to integrate empirical data, including associations of features and material culture with potential sacred significance, and ethnographic data to characterize the archaeological resources of EC South Range. Ethnographic data were provided by Native American crew members during fieldwork. The project addressed requirements under provisions of Sections 106 and 110 of the National Historic Preservation Act. Field inventory was conducted between September 17, 2008, and February 6, 2009, documenting 71 newly recorded sites within 52 sample units. Most sites reflected use for settlement and subsistence, but many also had archaeological indicators of symbolic and sociocultural use.

This report presents the results of an archaeological testing and data recovery program conducted by EcoPlan for COP on approximately three acres of land in south Phoenix, Maricopa County, Arizona. These archaeological investigations were conducted in advance of the COP Neighborhood Services Department’s South Phoenix Village Loop Street and Landscaping project (COP Cost Center Numbers ND30010010 and ND30010011). Because project activities associated with these projects were deemed likely to impact suspected cultural resources within the project area, COP requested that EcoPlan prepare and implement a cultural resources testing and discovery program for the treatment of suspected cultural resources in the project area. In total, fifteen prehistoric features and one historic feature were discovered and investigated. Archaeological features included four Hohokam field houses, three canals, six small pits, a possible reservoir, and an alignment of postholes believed to be the remains of a ramada-like structure. The historic feature consisted of the buried remains of a privy. The archaeological expressions in the study area were assigned site number AZ T:12:231 (ASM) by ASM.

Cementerio Lindo is a historic cemetery that was used by Maricopa County as a burial location between 1890 and 1952. The survey and archival research project was conducted at the request of COP Archaeology Office to determine the nature and extent of cultural resources within Cementerio Lindo prior to proposed improvements to the grounds. The project area is considered a cultural resource, and was assigned the site designation AZ T:12:279 (ASM). Approximately 632 surface grave markers were recorded within the project area as a result of the survey; and more than 3,000 records of burials at Cementerio Lindo were identified during the archival research. The archival research conducted by researchers at Logan Simpson Design, Inc. indicates that the original cemetery was 10 acres in 1890, and that it expanded after 2.19 acres of additional land were acquired in 1930. The current cemetery size is approximately 9.354 acres, approximately 2.8 acres smaller than its maximum size of 12.19 acres. As a result of the survey and archival research, surface evidence identified over 600 extant grave markers, and historic records indicate that thousands of burials were interred at Cementerio Lindo over the course of its use as a cemetery facility. In addition to the formal grave architecture, two isolated occurrences were found as a result of the survey. These consist of a prehistoric ceramic sherd and a suncolored amethyst glass shard.

During the July 2002 excavation of sewer lines at Eareckson Air Station, two prehistoric midden deposits containing shell, bone, whalebone, stone and bone artifacts, and human remains were exposed. The Air Force Remote Sites archaeologist, Karlene Leeper, halted the work until archaeologists could determine whether the remains represented an in situ cultural deposit, or whether midden was transported as fill from elsewhere. Joined by Diane Hanson of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Leeper reevaluated the site July 16 through 23, 2002. In part to mitigate the damage from the sewer excavations, and to evaluate the potential for finding additional non-coastal archaeological sites, Leeper contracted with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) to conduct archaeological excavations at ATU-239. During fieldwork in 2005 project crew were shown the location of a second non-coastal site at the east end of the runway, ATU-613. Leeper contracted again with FWS to have this site investigated, as part of a larger study of non-coastal sites, in 2006. This report details that study.

Field notes from the 2008 Banda Research Project test excavations at Bui Kataa, Banda area, Bono Region (formerly Brong-Ahafo Region), Ghana. Typed transcriptions of field notes are accompanied by traced plan and profile maps. Handwritten notes on scans of Ann Stahl's printed field notes and original field maps have been transcribed as comments to facilitate their use.

Geo-Marine, Inc., Las Vegas, Nevada, conducted intensive cultural resources inventories on 10,624 acres and an experimental inventory on an additional 2,220 acres near Black Mountain (for a grand total of 12,844 acres) within the Nevada Test and Training Range (NTTR). As a result of this effort, 143 archaeological sites were recorded; an additional 41 site locations were noted but not fully recorded during experimental inventories in the Black Mountain area.

The purpose of this study is to provide an ethnohistoric and ethnographic assessment of selected contemporary communities along the Old Spanish Trail.

The Native Village of Eklutna (NVE) received a contract in 2006 (912CZ-05-C-0018) from USAG-AK to identify Traditional Cultural Properties (TCP) upon USAG-AK property, Fort Richardson, and within a one mile area of effect, the buffer area. Thirty-six geographical landscapes were investigated, including eight referenced by the Dena’ina Elder Shem Pete (Kari and Fall 2003). In addition to the field work, NVE staff collected and transcribed oral history interviews with Dena’ina Elders, the knowledge holders. This was a critical element in the project to identify those areas of cultural and subsistence significance as remembered by those who were there, who used the land. The combination of these two data sets has resulted in multi-layered GIS maps that reflect the traditional, cultural, religious, and subsistence usage of USAG-AK, Fort Richardson, land by the people of Eklutna. This report details this work.

A brief cultural background of the Tucson Basin and a set of research questions that guided work at BB:13:157 and BB:13:505 have been presented in Chapter 1. The work at prehistoric sites is presented in Chapter 2, while Chapter 3 chronicles the history of the Leon family and their property. Excavations at the Leon farmstead and the adjacent historic period canal are described in Chapter 4. The historic-period artifacts recovered from the Leon farmstead are examined in Chapter 5. Chapter 6 presents the petrographic study used to determine the places where Native American pottery found at the site was made. A study of historic Native American ceramics follows in Chapter 7, and a discussion of the Leon family's diet is included in Chapter 8. Finally, new findings made through the work conducted during this project are summarized in Chapter 9.

To support the work involved in developing a PA, Nellis AFB determined that the area of research should be expanded for the entire north NTTR, 2 million acres, a region of intense volcanism. In 2000, the Air Force funded a large-scale scientific investigation of obsidian and its human associations on 2 million acres on the NTTR, the largest study done in terms of acreage and numbers of artifacts analyzed.

In 2004 the Alaska Division of Parks and Outdoor Recreation requested a cultural resource survey of the proposed Eagle River Greenbelt Access and Pathway trail corridor. This document details this survey. Staff from the Office of History and Archaeology completed fieldwork during June 2004 and identified a can midden and trail segment (ANC-01419); two cabin sites (ANC-01420), (ANC-01527); a cluster of trail segments (ANC-01528); three modern campsites; and an abandoned vehicle.

The Integrated Cultural Resources Management Plan (ICRMP) is a planning document used to manage an installation's cultural resources management program. The document identifies cultural resource activities such as surveys and building inventories, that have taken place on an installation. It also identifies and describes historic resources within installation boundaries, identifies Native American groups affiliated with an installation, and provides a plan for staying in compliance with cultural resource laws. The document is used by installation command to make decisions about cultural resources management and compliance activities.

A chronological summary report of the military in Alaska from the mid 1800s to the early 2000s. Created by the 611th Civil Engineer Squadron Historian, John H. Cloe.

The area presently occupied by the Elmendorf Air Force Base (Elmendorf AFB) in southcentral Alaska lies within the traditional territory of the Upper Cook Inlet Dena'ina (Tanaina) Athabascan Indians. In 1994, members of the Dena'ina Athabascan community of Eklutna formed the "Dena'ina Team," and, working with cultural anthropologist Nancy Yaw Davis and Elmendorf AFB personnel, began to investigate potential Dena'ina prehistoric and historic sites on the base (Davis and the Dena'ina Team 1994, 2003). The Dena'ina Team and Davis conducted additional research on the base in 1998 and 1999, and the Dena'ina Team continued its activities in 2001 and 2002 (Fall 2002). This report summarizes some of the Dena'ina Team's findings and discusses them within the context of the traditional ethnography and history of the Upper Inlet Dena'ina. The research demonstrates how the Dena'ina have adapted their traditional way of life to the changing socioeconomic and demographic conditions of their homeland, the Knik Arm and Anchorage areas.

The results of this survey is the first attempt to create such a model which attempts to empirically identify, measure, analyze, and then interpret the cultural resources discovered within a portion of the south-central Great Basin region. This survey will be undertaken within an ethnoarchaeological approach.