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The article discusses the global circulation of discursive resources and cultural mobility, focusing on the analysis of the Anglo-American speech genre of public speaking. Boromisza-Habashi's cultural discourse theory is applied to investigate how novice speakers navigate the genre circulation, emphasizing the balance between genre conventions and individual creativity. The research extends cultural discourse theory to analyze the global circulation of discursive resources, providing insights into cultural globalization from a cultural discourse perspective. Boromisza-Habashi's work contributes to understanding cultural mobility and cultural globalization through a cultural discourse approach. [Extracted from the article]

In this essay, we offer three interrelated continua that together constitute a heuristic framework for locating metatheoretical approaches to the ethnography of communication (EC). The first continuum locates a range of epistemological approaches for EC research, from post-positive to interpretive to critical. Building on these epistemic commitments, the second continuum locates varying approaches to conceptualizing power relations in ethnographic contexts. The third continuum, also related to but not parallel with the other two, locates differing ethical approaches for ethnographers of communication. Taken together, these three continua reveal the values instantiated in a range of approaches to EC research. Given the diversity of approaches available in the field, we argue not for the primacy of one over another, but for mutual recognition of, and mutually productive cross-conversation on, the strengths and challenges of the respective views. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is a sociolinguistic analysis of appellations among the Idoma speaking people of Ohimini Local Government Area of Benue State. The objectives were to identify the appellations and analysis these appellations using Dell Hymes’s model of SPEAKING. This is a descriptive research and data was elicited through observation, and informal interviews from selected respondents. Also, the intuitive knowledge of the researchers and secondary sources provided additional data. The findings reveal that appellations do exist and are used when greeting among Idoma speakers of Ohimini LGA. These appellations are gender and clan specific, can be traced to the progenitors of a clan and can be used alone or in conjunction with statutory greetings. Furthermore, these appellations help to preserve and promote the culture, pass down history and traditions of the people, convey information about a person’s lineage as well as foster a sense of oneness and brotherhood. This study, therefore, has shed light on an aspect of the culture of the Idoma people of Ohimini LGA and added to the body of written works on the Idoma language.

Combining the communication theory of resilience and ethnography of communication, this study explored resilience as developed through basketball and basketball culture. The central inquiry of the study focused on the communication processes of resilience enacted by members of basketball culture to develop resilience. Using ethnographic methods and a lens of communication, in-depth interviews with 12 professional basketball players and coaches were used to collect data regarding basketball culture and the participants' own experiences of resilience. The data were analyzed using ethnography of communication to identify key elements of basketball culture. Furthermore, the data were analyzed with a framework of the communication processes of resilience: crafting normalcy, affirming identity anchors, maintaining communication networks, putting alternative logics to work, and backgrounding negative feelings while foregrounding productive action. Findings show that basketball culture limits discourse regarding adversity; therefore, basketball players and coaches used the act of participating in basketball as an adaptive response to communicatively develop resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethnography of communication studies conducted by communication scholars, including those informed by cultural discourse theory, typically approach the cultural transmission of discursive resources using a narrow conception of language socialization. In this conception, expert speakers instruct or otherwise compel novice speakers to speak in locally recognized, normative ways and thereby achieve or affirm membership in the collective. I perform the cultural discourse analysis of narratives of circulation to extend this approach. In particular, I study narratives representing the movements of the Anglo-American speech genre known as public speaking in a US undergraduate course and a series of focus groups. Speakers narrated movement along four paths: from beyond the classroom into the classroom; inside the classroom (with the class acting as primary agent of dissemination); inside the classroom (with student speakers acting as secondary agents of dissemination); and from the classroom beyond the classroom. The analysis suggests three extensions of the existing approach to cultural transmission and, thereby, of cultural discourse theory: accounting for cultural ideologies (or metacultures) of transmission; producing more comprehensive accounts of transmission's participation structure; and accounting for the local meanings of mobile resources both in context and in motion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This qualitative methodological review documents and analyzes thirty years of published empirical research using Speech Codes Theory (SCT). Ninety-four publications were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Nearly half of the studies used participant observation/ethnography, but other data such as media and non-observational methods were also utilized. Over half of the studies culminated in a speech code. Speech codes occur with various levels of abstraction although most studies are quite localized and specific. Findings highlight the need to clarify the conditions of what counts as/distinguishes a speech code as well as making explicit the interpretive moves made by scholars. This review demonstrates the utility of SCT and also provides a list of possibilities to help newer scholars interested in using SCT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This ethnography looks at the indexical function of several brief utterances, routinely employed by a Palestinian speechmaker, in the Sheikh Jarrah protest in East Jerusalem. Following Silverstein's contributions to the indexically based theory of (meta)pragmatics, "creative" and nonreferential utterances are examined at the utterance event level, in relation to the speech event level, and more generally to verbal rituals. The political speeches I study have been delivered weekly, in Hebrew, by a Sheikh Jarrah resident and activist, for over a decade. The ethnographic analysis depicts how the utterances create a physical and symbolic (rhetorical) space for the performance of the speeches, routinize and ritualize their recurrence, and secure their endurance in a hostile environment. This is accomplished by spatially disassembling and reassembling the protesters, modifying the participation structure, and establishing a host–guest relationship. The speaker is repositioned as a resident, activist, and political rhetor‐in‐the‐becoming, and the protestors are repositioned as his audience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the speech code of American evangelicalism, the symbolic term "Christian worldview" and its companion term "biblical worldview" are ubiquitous. Speech codes theory (SCT) holds that symbolic terms simply and quickly communicate complex ideas, values, and meanings that are taken for granted in the shared culture of a speech community. Symbolic terms accomplish this work by activating community members' cognitive schemata or shared mental organization of cultural knowledge. The present study elaborates the historical and contemporary ideas, values, and meanings tacitly conveyed by "Christian worldview," reports field observations of a one-year "worldview" small group Bible study and interprets this symbolic term as a defining marker of American evangelical culture. SCT holds that a distinctive culture manifests a distinctive speech code of socially constructed meanings that shape its cultural life. The study argues that the symbolic terms "Christian worldview" and "biblical worldview" shape American evangelical culture life according to meanings essential for interpreting that culture and for the discursive constitution of evangelical subjectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proposes a way to transcend the debate on the critical voice in Ethnography of Communication (EOC) and qualitative communication research more broadly. First, it demonstrates how EOC's epistemological paradigm may prevent ethnographers from understanding their subjects fully. Secondly, the article offers a Weberian approach to rational interpretation as a resolution, replacing the concept of "culture" as an a priori explanandum with "practical rationality". This move demonstrates the feasibility of a unified method in the social sciences capable of dismantling the artificial divide between interpretive and post-positivist philosophies and research designs. Finally, the article provides an illustration of the proposed approach based on some ethnographic data from a volunteer setting of open-source civic software production in Israel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This ethnography examines how teachers interpret and enact language-in-education policies in an adult ESL classroom in the United States, where students simultaneously received job training as Certified Nursing Assistants (CNAs). We draw on postmodern and interpretive lenses from the ethnography of communication, considering how workforce-oriented language policies impact teachers' agency during speech events when classroom participants discuss the meanings of unknown words. We assert that during talk about word meanings (semantics), models of social identity formed, sometimes in conflict with the sociocognitive complexities of second language acquisition. Findings indicate that the meanings of polysemous words were narrowed solely to the immediate healthcare context, and that instructional time often focused on teaching lexis common on multiple-choice tests, preparing students for their final CNA examination. Implications for teachers and policy makers are discussed, including the potentially equalizing applications of polysemic research within workforce language instructional models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Analecta Política is the property of Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the two decades since the advent of Web 2.0, scholars of cybersuicide have identified many beneficial and harmful uses of the internet. However, the discursive meanings interactionally created by suicide website users have scarcely been attended to. The present study uses the theory and method of cultural discourse analysis (CuDA) to arrive at meanings about place that radiate from online communication among users of SuicideForum.com (SF), a pro-recovery website. Analyses of 2,119 posts across 131 threads reveal two overarching discursive themes. The first speaks to problematic discourses about place, including the role of placelessness and entrapment in the genesis of suicidality and its affective states, leading to further diminution of experiential worlds. The second theme taps into participants’ notions of what constitutes safe spaces, such as the presence of empathetic others who respect one’s timetable for personal disclosure, and the freedom to experiment with new ways of inhabiting the world. The study has numerous implications for clinical practice, including recasting psychological disturbances in terms of self-world relations and reconsidering involuntary psychiatric hospitalization in light of forum participants’ preoccupation with entrapment.

The paper presents an anthropolinguistic study of Donald Trump's 2020 presidential campaign discourse. The study can be situated within the scope of political linguistics. The interdisciplinary method of research applied here rests upon the understanding of human communication functioning in terms of communicational grammars of specific discourses that comprise rules of language use set against the background of immediate contexts of use. The key idea underbracing this study is that language is a rule-governed, conventions-based system of practice (e.g., de Saussure [1916] 2011, Sapir 1921, Hymes 1972, Saville-Troike [1982] 2003, Lucy [1996] 1999) and a conventional type of performance which allows for building a nexus of typified relations. Another overarching goal of this paper is to show that human interaction is mostly both a structurally hardwired and functionally (pragmatically) driven linguistic practice. The analysis sets out to explore Donald Trump's texts according to the Anthropolinguistic Model of Communication (AMC) (Strukowska 2022) as a pattern recognition model that provides a contextual overview of elements of communication and functions as a solid platform for documenting discursive practices (Chruszczewski 2011: 199-263). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through a combination of ethnography of communication and contextualization cues, this study examines public discourse (natural observations and interviews) in Bulgaria and illustrates how participants interactionally construct a cultural notion of the 'others' in order to make sense of the country's problematic situation (corruption). The data was examined for the use of contextualization cues and communication symbols, which the participants creatively used to position themselves and others in relation to a corrupt 'other.' The study shows how the participants utilize both local (micro) contextualization cues as well as larger (macro) historical symbols and their meanings in order to frame both their interactional moves and create a political stance for themselves within the country's post-communist present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of communication environments in everyday participation is well accepted within speech-language pathology research and practice. However, the evidence base for strategies to support speech-language pathologists (SLPs) in assessing and responding to environmental and community needs are less clearly understood. This paper provides a case study to illustrate the application of ethnography of communication to understanding and responding to communication needs within a dance class for adults with intellectual disability. The case study utilised observation, participant PEERobservation, reflection, and interviews to explore the perspectives and beliefs of the dance students, dance teacher, and disability support workers. Strategies emerged for enhancing the awareness and capabilities of communication partners and addressing barriers and facilitators to inclusive social and physical environments. This study illustrates the potential of ethnography of communication as a tool to support SLPs to gain insight into everyday communication environments and the social norms that influence participation and interaction in order to enhance communication accessibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the places of monuments are reconsidered today in light of social justice concerns, the authors revisit a "monument" of language and social interaction (LSI) research. Philipsen's foundational work published nearly 50 years ago, "Speaking 'Like a Man' in Teamsterville," thus becomes a starting point for dialogue among four scholars with diverse views on the critical voice in ethnography of communication research. When read today, the homophobic speech of Teamstervillers is shocking. Also surprising by present standards is that such speech passes unremarked and does not figure in the analysis. In the present essay, the authors—an LSI scholar, discourse studies scholar, critical rhetorical scholar, and an LSI doctoral student—review early debates on the critical voice, relate individual narratives of their experiences in either reading "Teamsterville" again after a long hiatus or encountering the work for the first time, and then conduct a joint dialogue on the question: What is the ethnographer's obligation when harmful and oppressive speech is observed? Though their views remain diverse, the authors advocate for a disciplinary consensus: that the present moment calls for renewed discussion—and, even if differently practiced, affirmation—of the critical voice in the ethnography of communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, there has been an increase in literacy education research attending to curriculum inclusive of sexual and gender diversity in secondary classrooms. Although valuable, most of this research has focused on the ideational and representational qualities of curriculum and thus has overlooked the significance of composition and genre. Seeking to add this scholarship, I focused on youth choosing to write about queer topics for compositional assignments in a secondary humanities course that combined English language arts and social studies (U.S. studies). Drawing from a broader literacy ethnography conducted at a high school in a Midwestern U.S. city, I argue that youth in the humanities course drew on curricular ideas and genres in their literacy performances in ways that resisted and reified oppressive values. Genres that encouraged extended dialogue resulted in interrogations of cisheteronormativity that were sustained and intersectional. However, youth's use of genres cited and reproduced racist and cisheteronormative Eurocentric, anti‐Black, and assimilationist ideologies. Hence, there is a need for approaches to queer‐inclusive curricula that explore intersections of queerness and race and attend to aspects of literacy and language practices beyond ideational and representational content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study suggests a meta-discursive approach for analysing citizens' perceptions of public discourse in their society, as a basis for adapting deliberative theory to the particularities of varying contexts. Utilising qualitative meta-discursive analysis of open-ended responses collected from Israeli communication students (N = 204), we examine Israelis' descriptions of existing public debate and their perceptions of the desired nature of public debate, thus disclosing cultural-discursive barriers to deliberative practice. We found that respondents' perceptions of existing political discourse point to non-deliberative characteristics which align with ethnographic scholarship, while their normative concept of public discourse aligns with deliberative norms. Based on these findings, we propose a theoretical premise for the cultural adaptation of deliberative theory, which suggests engaging in a meta-discursive study of a given speech community as precursor to adapting deliberative norms to specific cultural contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In spoken academic discourse, there are various directive speech acts forms and strategies both formal and informal. Based on the previous research with different focuses show that directive speech acts is one of speech acts types mostly used in daily conversation. The study of directive speech acts can also be found in classroom interaction as spoken academic discourse. The locutors’ and interlocutors’ expressions in spoken academic discourse are vary. Language variation involves direct and indirect strategies as well as literal and non-literal with small portion of local language use. The use of directive speech acts is affected by contextual socio-cultural factors within the conversation. The locutors sometimes use local language in conveying certain meaning to the interlocutors. The structure of dialogue, moreover, disallows the taking up of any position beyond the interlocutors from which they can be integrated into a larger totality.

This qualitative study, grounded in the ethnography of communication, aims to describe how Italian young adults construct their individual and group identity through the use of insults. The existing literature has extensively investigated the communicative practice of insults, but no research has been done so far on insults in relation to the construction of identity in Italy. Therefore, this study enriches the literature, taking a linguistic, communicative, and pragmatic approach to the topic. In order to collect data, I conducted participant observation, one focus group, and three individual interviews. I applied thematic analysis to analyze the data. By interpreting members’ meanings, I identified four main functions of insults: construction of identity through gender; construction of identity depending on social context; construction of identity through the light use of insults; and construction of identity through the offensive use of insults.

The proliferation of suicide-related content online has led to widespread fears that suicidal persons are at elevated risk in our networked society. Though much research has been done on the benefits and harms of digital technologies, few studies have attended to the deep discursive meanings co-created by suicidal users. The present study attends to meanings about identity interactionally created by members of SuicideForum.com (SF), a pro-recovery website. Methodologically, I collected a purposive sample of 2,119 posts across 131 threads, which I then examined using cultural discourse analysis, tracking discursive hubs like “suicide” and “suicidal” to arrive at corresponding radiants of meaning. Findings reveal two sets of discursive themes: one set speaks to problematic identities, the other to a self emancipated from suicidality. The suicidal self is expressed in discourse as the product of a fractured identity, marked by schism between an authentic “inner self” and a socially aligned but inauthentic “outer self.” However, resolution of fractured identities depends not on harmonious fusion but on reconciliation. Moreover, staying alive—continuing to be—is contingent upon recognizing that every life, including one’s own, has value, finding purpose and meaning, and tending to others’ well-being. The analysis uncovers discrepancies between SF users’ folk understanding of the suicidal self and that espoused by dominant (i.e., biopsychiatric) models. Their implications for clinical and therapeutic practice are discussed.

Given the importance of cultural issues in different societies, scholars have introduced the ethnography of communication to examine the differences in light of language and context. Related to this theory is Hymes’ SPEAKING model (1967), in which setting and scene, participants, ends, acts sequence, key, instrumentalities, norms, and genre are taken into account to analyze speech events. Since the words and expressions we use in everyday speech have emotional loads, adding an emotional aspect to this model (E-SPEAKING) seems to provide a more comprehensive picture regarding cultural and linguistic interpretations. The present study; therefore, first, introduces the concept of emoling by analyzing [Nāz Kardan]-related vocabularies, and then, by considering closing and opening discourse, tries to relate the concepts of ethnography of communication and emotional ethnography. Such cultural emolings can reduce the existing gap between social and psychological studies and lead to a more holistic view on language and culture, which consequently prevent separating emotions from cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethnography of communication of the Tuareg in Europe allows to conceive a global process of communication in which the use of internet takes an essential place. The rhetoric of these networks in Diaspora approaches punctually aspects of the culture by proposing a pointillist portrait of the Tuareg by means of internet in particular social networks. The interest studying Tuareg diaspora by the prism of Internet is to understand the declarative digital identity proposed by Tuaregs on the Internet.

The main objective of this paper is through analysis and description of the language of tourism in the English and Macedonian to evaluate similarities and differences in the tourism communication and to highlight their cultural aspects. The accent is put on differences and similarities of both cultures that have their own realization through language interactions, where the subcultures and individual variables that motivate people to speak as they do, are deeply integrated. Following the basic principles of the ethnography of communication and its key components that are part of language interactions, the ethnographies observed showed existence of certain culturally specific similarities and differences in the communicative competence of the speakers of both languages. The differences in the ethnographies in the English and Macedonian language are due to the fact that the cultural systems of both languages are organized differently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is based on the assumption that indigenous communities have a capacity to generate knowledge, and this capacity is largely underutilized or peripheralized in mainstream research. In this empirical qualitative study, the author makes a case for employing local non‐Western analytic tools, in addition to Western analytic tools, to develop a fuller understanding of literacy practices in non‐Western spaces. Through an interepistemic synergy approach, the author employed indexicality and interactional sociolinguistics on the one hand and Afrocentric methodology on the other hand in analyzing data produced in a grades 5 and 9 literacy collaboration in Nairobi, Kenya. This study illustrates deeper understandings of data on language use that scholars of language and literacy might derive through taking up an interepistemic synergy approach. Such understandings include tracking how multilingual speakers in postcolonial spaces modulate power imbalance and navigate layers of cross linguistic coevocation informed by contested ideologies and worldviews. The analysis also spotlights how local fingerprints of multilingualism and multiethnicity endure in written text in spite of language surveillance in a Standard Kenyan English–dominated classroom space. Taken together, these understandings cast a unique local aspect on language and literacy practices that goes beyond an emic‐etic approach. Most crucially, this article is an illustrative resource for scholars and other stakeholders to address the existing epistemic imbalance that manifests through overrepresentation of Western(ized) analytic tools in constituting the metalanguage for analyzing data on language and literacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A striking feature of Palestinian oral history projects is the extensive use that interviewees make of direct speech to communicate their memories—especially those born before the 1948 Arab–Israeli war. They do so irrespective of whether or not they participated in or actually heard the dialogues they wish to convey. This article seeks to characterize and explain this phenomenon. In the interviews conducted by the author—an Arabic-speaking Jew—as well as in other projects, this mode of speech is marked by ease of transition from character to character and between different points in time. It clearly gives pleasure to those engaged in the act of remembering, and it grades readily into a theatrical performance in which tone of speech and the quality of the acting become the main thing. This form of discourse sprang up from the soil of a rural oral culture and still flourishes as a prop for supporting memory, a vessel for collecting and disseminating stories, and a technique for expressing identification with significant figures from the past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we present examples from four research projects in India that were influenced by the values and ethics of decolonized and participatory research, and shaped by engendered perspectives. Each project built on earlier experiences that forced us to critically examine the ways we engaged with participants, crafted our field identities, and formed relationships. Using insights from linguistic anthropology and attending to intersectional inequalities and the construction of epistemic authority, we showcase how conducting an ethnography of communication and employing tactics of intersubjectivity influenced archaeological outcomes. We argue that close attention to context of communication, identity expression, and intersectional inequality enhances intersubjectivity, a necessary ingredient for successful participatory archaeology projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ileti-s-im is the property of Universite Galatasaray, Faculty of Communication and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Werner Enninger embodies the highest standards of methodological rigor and theoretical insight in Amish studies, and this article synthesizes his 30-some publications written in English. Enninger was a socio-linguist from Germany who conducted field research in Delaware in the 1970s and published intensely in the 1980s. His mixed methods address common hurdles field researchers face and offer meticulously detailed qualitative and quantitative data. Enninger’s theory can be organized around a social system model that fuses structural functionalism and symbolic interactionism. Within the model, he proposes a four-part superstructure—(1) core, group-defining values, namely, religious community and separation, (2) are realized in concrete norms in timeless (e.g. New Testament) and time-specific (e.g. Ordnung) ways (3) that are internalized, (4) producing an orderly role system. The role system is accessible to system actors, who assume roles through identifiable symbols (role attributes), notably, dress configurations. Mutual identification of alter distributes role privileges in the ensuing interaction and triggers language choice. The enactment of roles defines the social situation. Social situations of central importance to the brotherhood have fixed roles that are assumed and ascribed, with strong sanctions for deviance. Peripheral social situations permit greater role making, where roles are negotiated, ascribed statuses are reduced, and social sanctions are fewer. Peripheral social situations are the primary source for social change. Enninger’s work is not for the faint-of-mind or impatient, yet provides a much-needed source of inspiration to strengthen future Amish studies research, theoretically and methodologically.

This paper examines sociolinguistic features of conversational interactions among characters in Achebe’s A Man of the People. The aim is to differ from the largely stylistic examination of the text, and therefore, to study conversations in the mediated arena of literature to see how societal structures and beliefs are projected through the voices of fictive characters. For data, all the conversations in the text were sampled and analysed, using ethnographic theories with particular reference to Hymes’ SPEAKING. Our findings reveal that social and contextual variables such as cultural norms, topics, gender, situational impositions, etc. influence the interactions between and/ or among the characters in the text. These, as our findings reveal, constrain the linguistic choices made by the characters. These social-contextual variables also facilitate readers’ understanding of both the text and the world views advanced by the writer through the voices of the characters. This paper concludes that analyzing literary texts most especially prose works using Hymes’ SPEAKING aids a better understanding of the texts and the world views projected in the texts.

This paper reports on a case study into the effects on doctor–patient interaction of the use of the Distress Thermometer and Problem List (DT+PL) as a tool to further the discussion of psychosocial distress in the follow-up head-and-neck cancer consultation. The follow-up head-and-neck cancer consultation is a well-defined, goal-oriented, institutional speech event. Its aims include checking patients for recurrence and monitoring patients for after-effects of the malignity and its treatment, and psychosocial distress. The discussion of psychosocial issues, however, is not as well-integrated in the follow-up consultation as is deemed desirable. To remedy this, instruments have been developed to facilitate the discussion of patients’ quality of life. This paper uses the conceptual framework of the Ethnography of Communication and insights from Discourse Analysis and Pragmatics to analyse the impact of one of these instruments on doctor–patient interaction. Fine-grained analysis of the contextual parameters of the follow-up cancer consultation and of interactional data and meta-data suggests that, although the tool is successful in creating affordances for the discussion of psychosocial problems, it may simultaneously—and paradoxically—also put constraints on the range of topics that is discussed during the consultation. Doctors show awareness of this and deploy a variety of strategies to preserve their “normal” anamnesis while strategically integrating the discussion of the DT+PL into their consultations.

The purpose of this study was to unearth the hidden messages communicated on Ghana's currency - the Ghana cedi's coins and banknotes - outside their monetary value spelled by the number on them. The study employed the theoretical frameworks of ethnography of communication and multimodality, with the aim of unearthing the different modes of communication used on Ghana's currency outside their monetary value, as well as the hidden messages behind these modes of communication. The study employed a purposive sampling of Ghana's cedi in current use, thereby making the study synchronic, as opposed to a diachronic one. Findings reveal that the modes of communication employed on Ghana's cedi coins and banknotes are shape, colour, national symbols, national buildings, national cash crops and minerals, national heroes and heroines and national monuments. Behind these modes are the messages of Ghana's history such as her struggle for independence, her culture such as espoused in music, her economy as espoused in her cash crops such as cocoa and coffee, and in her minerals such as gold, diamonds, and bauxite among others. Homage is also paid to national heroes and heroines such as The Big Six and Yaa Asantewa on Ghana's cedi. National monuments such as The Independence Arch and the Kwame Nkrumah mausoleum remind Ghanaians and others of the nation's struggle for independence and the struggle's leader Kwame Nkrumah. This study shows that beside the monetary value of Ghana's currency, and by extension the currencies of the world, valuable information is communicated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Al Athar is the property of University of Kasdi Merbah Ouargla and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

English language for Customs is considered crucial for working in an international airport; however, few if any empirical studies have investigated the language repertoires of customs officers in such a multilingual and multicultural, but security-sensitive, context. This paper drew on Blommaert's sociolinguistics of globalization and Hymes's Ethnography of Communication to examine naturally occurring interactions in English between Vietnamese customs officers and foreign travelers. We explore typical communicative practices in customs and the factors influencing the interactants participating in these practices. Examining interactions in detail provides insights into the communicative resources that customs officers utilize to accomplish order and security in the airport, currently experiencing escalating numbers of international travelers. Findings highlight the functional deployment of English as the airport lingua franca and non-verbal resources to accomplish meaning, notably around the smooth and efficient security processing of travelers. The paper concludes with implications for English for Specific Purposes curriculum design and materials development in the important but previously neglected area of customs communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study, which stems from a three-year fieldwork project at an evangelical Christian church, analyzes weekly sermons as managerial discourses deployed by the clergy-leader to produce members who, as an aspect of their organizational identification, internalize and voluntarily enact communally appropriate values. Prominent among these values was a hierarchy of power relations inextricably interwoven with an essentialist gender ideology. In sermons delivered over the first six months of his tenure, the new pastor sought to establish his authority and regulate members' organizational identity-work by emphasizing three themes: the idealization of masculine values, the necessity for hierarchy and obedience, and the legitimation of divinely ordained (metaphorical) violence. This study describes how these themes were developed across twenty sermons in which power and gender were inseparably linked and analyzes how these sermons functioned pragmatically to define what is an appropriately obedient and gendered member, how such a member should act and relate to other members and to the world, and the overall context that governs these determinations. Within a social hierarchy of "Pastor," "men," and "ladies," the sermons sought to create a dominant organizational discourse that held up masculine values as Christian ideals and marginalized feminine values by association with domesticity and socializing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]