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The emerging renal complications in beta-thalassemia patients have raised the global exchange of views. Despite better survival due to blood transfusion and iron chelation therapy, the previously unrecognized renal complication remain a burden of disease affecting this population -the primary concern on how iron overload and chelation therapy correlated with renal impairment is still controversial. Early detection and diagnosis is crucial in preventing further kidney damage. Therefore, a systematic review was performed to identify markers of kidney complications in beta thalassemia patients with iron overload receiving chelation therapy.Searches of PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of Science were conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) to identify studies of literature reporting renal outcome in β-TM patients with iron overload and receiving chelation therapy. The eligible 17 studies were obtained.uNGAL/NGAL, uNAG/NAG, uKIM-1 are markers that can be used as predictor of renal tubular damage in early renal complications, while Cystatin C and uβ2MG showed further damage at the glomerular level.The renal complication in beta-thalassemia patients with iron overload receiving chelating agent therapy may progress to kidney disease. Early detection using accurate biological markers is a substantial issue that deserves further evaluation to determine prevention and management.

COVID-19 cases in Indonesia in the period of June-July 2021 showed a catastrophic spike. During this period, a recently discovered variant, the delta variant, appeared to be one of the sources of COVID-19 infection. Treatment modalities are limited due to reduced stock of drugs. A case of a 63-year-old man has been reported, with a history of having been vaccinated with two doses of Sinovac, experiencing moderate-to-severe symptoms of COVID-19 infection then given convalescent plasma therapy since his initial admission to the hospital. Three days after being given convalescent plasma therapy, the improvement was noticeable. Shortness of breath, cough, fever, and weakness were less complained. On the seventh day the patient fully recovered and got discharged. Convalescent plasma therapy was e ective in early stage and was able to improve outcomes. Indonesia needs sucient stocks of convalescent plasma as a therapy to overcome the limitations of medicines.

Kandungan antioksidan ekstrak bayam merah ( Amaranthus gangeticus ) diduga dapat melawan efek toksik timbal asetat pada sistem saraf pusat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati pengaruh pemberian ekstrak bayam merah terhadap morfologi hipokampus model anak mencit ( Mus musculus ) pascasapih yang induknya terpapar timbal asetat per oral selama masa kehamilan. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Hewan Coba Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Airlangga (FKUA) pada bulan April–Juni 2013. Dua puluh tujuh ekor anak mencit pascasapih dibagi dalam 3 kelompok: M0 (sodium carboxymethyl cellulose atau CMC Na 0,5%), M1 (CMC Na 0,5%+timbal asetat 1,16 mg/10 g BB/hari) dan M2 (CMC Na 0,5%+timbal asetat 1,16 mg/10 g BB/hari+ekstrak bayam merah 382,2 mg/10 g BB/hari). Sediaan otak diambil untuk dibuat preparat histologi dengan pewarnaan hematoxylin-eosin (HE). Lebar stratum granulare girus dentatus (GD), stratum oriens-piramidale (SOP) CA1, CA2, dan CA3 dianalisis dengan analysis of variance (ANOVA) dan least significant differen t (p 0,05). Simpulan, pemberian ekstrak bayam merah dapat mengurangi efek negatif timbal asetat yang merusak struktur hipokampus model anak mencit pascasapih yang induknya terpapar timbal selama kehamilan. Kata kunci : Bayam merah, hipokampus, timbal asetat Effect of Red Spinach (Amaranthus gangeticus) Extract on Hippocampus Morphology of Post-Weaning Mice Infant Model from Lead-Acetate Exposed Pregnant Mice Antioxidants in red spinach (Amaranthus gangeticus) extract are proposed to combat the toxicity of lead acetate in the central nervous system. The effect of red spinach extract to the morphology of post weaning mouse hippocampus model (Mus musculus) in pregnant mice that received oral lead acetate during pregnancy was analyzed. Twenty seven post-weaning mice offsprings were grouped into 3 groups: M0 (sodium carboxymethyl cellulose or CMC Na 0.5%), M1 (CMC Na 0.5%+lead acetate 1.16 mg/10 g of body weight/day) and M2 (CMC Na 0.5%+lead acetate 1.16 mg/10 g of body weight/day+red spinach extract 382.2 mg/10 g of body weight/day). Brains were histologically processed and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE). Width of stratum granulare (SG) of the dentate gyrus (GD) and each of stratum oriens-pyramidale (SOP) of CA1, CA2, CA3 from each mouse hippocampus were obtained and analyzed statistically using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and least significant difference (LSD) (p 0.05). In conclusion, red spinach extract might dampen the adverse effects of oral lead acetate in post-weaning mouse hippocampus model from pregnant mice orally exposed to lead acetate during pregnancy. Key words : Hippocampus, lead acetate, red spinach DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v46n3.116