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1. The Athena X-ray Integral Field Unit: a consolidated design for the system requirement review of the preliminary definition phase

Author

Barret, Didier, Albouys, Vincent, Herder, Jan-Willem den, Piro, Luigi, Cappi, Massimo, Huovelin, Juhani, Kelley, Richard, Mas-Hesse, J. Miguel, Paltani, Stéphane, Rauw, Gregor, Rozanska, Agata, Svoboda, Jiri, Wilms, Joern, Yamasaki, Noriko, Audard, Marc, Bandler, Simon, Barbera, Marco, Barcons, Xavier, Bozzo, Enrico, Ceballos, Maria Teresa, Charles, Ivan, Costantini, Elisa, Dauser, Thomas, Decourchelle, Anne, Duband, Lionel, Duval, Jean-Marc, Fiore, Fabrizio, Gatti, Flavio, Goldwurm, Andrea, Hartog, Roland den, Jackson, Brian, Jonker, Peter, Kilbourne, Caroline, Korpela, Seppo, Macculi, Claudio, Mendez, Mariano, Mitsuda, Kazuhisa, Molendi, Silvano, Pajot, François, Pointecouteau, Etienne, Porter, Frederick, Pratt, Gabriel W., Prêle, Damien, Ravera, Laurent, Sato, Kosuke, Schaye, Joop, Shinozaki, Keisuke, Skup, Konrad, Soucek, Jan, Thibert, Tanguy, Vink, Jacco, Webb, Natalie, Chaoul, Laurence, Raulin, Desi, Simionescu, Aurora, Torrejon, Jose Miguel, Acero, Fabio, Branduardi-Raymont, Graziella, Ettori, Stefano, Finoguenov, Alexis, Grosso, Nicolas, Kaastra, Jelle, Mazzotta, Pasquale, Miller, Jon, Miniutti, Giovanni, Nicastro, Fabrizio, Sciortino, Salvatore, Yamaguchi, Hiroya, Beaumont, Sophie, Cucchetti, Edoardo, D'Andrea, Matteo, Eckart, Megan, Ferrando, Philippe, Kammoun, Elias, Lotti, Simone, Mesnager, Jean-Michel, Natalucci, Lorenzo, Peille, Philippe, de Plaa, Jelle, Ardellier, Florence, Argan, Andrea, Bellouard, Elise, Carron, Jérôme, Cavazzuti, Elisabetta, Fiorini, Mauro, Khosropanah, Pourya, Martin, Sylvain, Perry, James, Pinsard, Frederic, Pradines, Alice, Rigano, Manuela, Roelfsema, Peter, Schwander, Denis, Torrioli, Guido, Ullom, Joel, Vera, Isabel, Villegas, Eduardo Medinaceli, Zuchniak, Monika, Brachet, Frank, Cicero, Ugo Lo, Doriese, William, Durkin, Malcom, Fioretti, Valentina, Geoffray, Hervé, Jacques, Lionel, Kirsch, Christian, Smith, Stephen, Adams, Joseph, Gloaguen, Emilie, Hoogeveen, Ruud, van der Hulst, Paul, Kiviranta, Mikko, van der Kuur, Jan, Ledot, Aurélien, van Leeuwen, Bert-Joost, van Loon, Dennis, Lyautey, Bertrand, Parot, Yann, Sakai, Kazuhiro, van Weers, Henk, Abdoelkariem, Shariefa, Adam, Thomas, Adami, Christophe, Aicardi, Corinne, Akamatsu, Hiroki, Alonso, Pablo Eleazar Merino, Amato, Roberta, André, Jérôme, Angelinelli, Matteo, Anon-Cancela, Manuel, Anvar, Shebli, Atienza, Ricardo, Attard, Anthony, Auricchio, Natalia, Balado, Ana, Bancel, Florian, Barusso, Lorenzo Ferrari, Bernard, Vivian, Berrocal, Alicia, Blin, Sylvie, Bonino, Donata, Bonnet, François, Bonny, Patrick, Boorman, Peter, Boreux, Charles, Bounab, Ayoub, Boutelier, Martin, Boyce, Kevin, Brienza, Daniele, Bruijn, Marcel, Bulgarelli, Andrea, Calarco, Simona, Callanan, Paul, Camus, Thierry, Canourgues, Florent, Capobianco, Vito, Cardiel, Nicolas, Castellani, Florent, Cheatom, Oscar, Chervenak, James, Chiarello, Fabio, Clerc, Nicolas, Clerc, Laurent, Cobo, Beatriz, Coeur-Joly, Odile, Coleiro, Alexis, Colonges, Stéphane, Corcione, Leonardo, Coriat, Mickael, Coynel, Alexandre, Cuttaia, Francesco, D'Ai, Antonino, D'anca, Fabio, Dadina, Mauro, Daniel, Christophe, DeNigris, Natalie, Dercksen, Johannes, DiPirro, Michael, Doumayrou, Eric, Dubbeldam, Luc, Dupieux, Michel, Dupourqué, Simon, Durand, Jean Louis, Eckert, Dominique, Eiriz, Valvanera, Ercolani, Eric, Etcheverry, Christophe, Finkbeiner, Fred, Fiocchi, Mariateresa, Fossecave, Hervé, Franssen, Philippe, Frericks, Martin, Gabici, Stefano, Gant, Florent, Gao, Jian-Rong, Gastaldello, Fabio, Genolet, Ludovic, Ghizzardi, Simona, Gil, M Angeles Alcacera, Giovannini, Elisa, Godet, Olivier, Gomez-Elvira, Javier, Gonzalez, Manuel, Gonzalez, Raoul, Gottardi, Luciano, Granat, Dolorès, Gros, Michel, Guignard, Nicolas, Hieltjes, Paul, Hurtado, Adolfo Jesus, Irwin, Kent, Jacquey, Christian, Janiuk, Agnieszka, Jaubert, Jean, Jiménez, Maria, Jolly, Antoine, Jourdan, Thierry, Julien, Sabine, Kedziora, Bartosz, Korb, Andrew, Kreykenbohm, Ingo, König, Ole, Langer, Mathieu, Laudet, Philippe, Laurent, Philippe, Laurenza, Monica, Lesrel, Jean, Ligori, Sebastiano, Lorenz, Maximilian, Luminari, Alfredo, Maffei, Bruno, Maisonnave, Océane, Marelli, Lorenzo, Massonet, Didier, Maussang, Irwin, Melchor, Alejandro Gonzalo, Mer, Isabelle Le, Michalski, Lea, Millerioux, Jean-Pierre, Mineo, Teresa, Minervini, Gabriele, Molin, Alexeï, Monestes, David, Montinaro, Nicola, Mot, Baptiste, Murat, David, Nagayoshi, Kenichiro, Nazé, Yaël, Noguès, Loïc, Pailot, Damien, Panessa, Francesca, Parodi, Luigi, Petit, Pascal, Piconcelli, Enrico, Pinto, Ciro, Plaza, Jose Miguel Encinas, Poyatos, David, Prouvé, Thomas, Ptak, Andy, Puccetti, Simonetta, Puccio, Elena, Ramon, Pascale, Reina, Manuel, Rioland, Guillaume, Rodriguez, Louis, Roig, Anton, Rollet, Bertrand, Roncarelli, Mauro, Roudil, Gilles, Rudnicki, Tomasz, Sanisidro, Julien, Sciortino, Luisa, Silva, Vitor, Sordet, Michael, Soto-Aguilar, Javier, Spizzi, Pierre, Surace, Christian, Sánchez, Miguel Fernández, Taralli, Emanuele, Terrasa, Guilhem, Terrier, Régis, Todaro, Michela, Ubertini, Pietro, Uslenghi, Michela, de Vaate, Jan Geralt Bij, Vaccaro, Davide, Varisco, Salvatore, Varnière, Peggy, Vibert, Laurent, Vidriales, María, Villa, Fabrizio, Vodopivec, Boris Martin, Volpe, Angela, de Vries, Cor, Wakeham, Nicholas, Walmsley, Gavin, Wise, Michael, de Wit, Martin, and Woźniak, Grzegorz

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

The Athena X-ray Integral Unit (X-IFU) is the high resolution X-ray spectrometer, studied since 2015 for flying in the mid-30s on the Athena space X-ray Observatory, a versatile observatory designed to address the Hot and Energetic Universe science theme, selected in November 2013 by the Survey Science Committee. Based on a large format array of Transition Edge Sensors (TES), it aims to provide spatially resolved X-ray spectroscopy, with a spectral resolution of 2.5 eV (up to 7 keV) over an hexagonal field of view of 5 arc minutes (equivalent diameter). The X-IFU entered its System Requirement Review (SRR) in June 2022, at about the same time when ESA called for an overall X-IFU redesign (including the X-IFU cryostat and the cooling chain), due to an unanticipated cost overrun of Athena. In this paper, after illustrating the breakthrough capabilities of the X-IFU, we describe the instrument as presented at its SRR, browsing through all the subsystems and associated requirements. We then show the instrument budgets, with a particular emphasis on the anticipated budgets of some of its key performance parameters. Finally we briefly discuss on the ongoing key technology demonstration activities, the calibration and the activities foreseen in the X-IFU Instrument Science Center, and touch on communication and outreach activities, the consortium organisation, and finally on the life cycle assessment of X-IFU aiming at minimising the environmental footprint, associated with the development of the instrument. Thanks to the studies conducted so far on X-IFU, it is expected that along the design-to-cost exercise requested by ESA, the X-IFU will maintain flagship capabilities in spatially resolved high resolution X-ray spectroscopy, enabling most of the original X-IFU related scientific objectives of the Athena mission to be retained. (abridged)., Comment: 48 pages, 29 figures, Accepted for publication in Experimental Astronomy with minor editing

Published
2022
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2. The Athena X-ray Integral Field Unit

Author

Barret, Didier, Trong, Thien Lam, Herder, Jan-Willem den, Piro, Luigi, Cappi, Massimo, Huovelin, Juhani, Kelley, Richard, Mas-Hesse, J. Miguel, Mitsuda, Kazuhisa, Paltani, Stéphane, Rauw, Gregor, Rozanska, Agata, Wilms, Joern, Bandler, Simon, Barbera, Marco, Barcons, Xavier, Bozzo, Enrico, Ceballos, Maria Teresa, Charles, Ivan, Costantini, Elisa, Decourchelle, Anne, Hartog, Roland den, Duband, Lionel, Duval, Jean-Marc, Fiore, Fabrizio, Gatti, Flavio, Goldwurm, Andrea, Jackson, Brian, Jonker, Peter, Kilbourne, Caroline, Macculi, Claudio, Mendez, Mariano, Molendi, Silvano, Orleanski, Piotr, Pajot, François, Pointecouteau, Etienne, Porter, Frederick, Pratt, Gabriel W., Prêle, Damien, Ravera, Laurent, Sato, Kosuke, Schaye, Joop, Shinozaki, Keisuke, Thibert, Tanguy, Valenziano, Luca, Valette, Veronique, Vink, Jacco, Webb, Natalie, Wise, Michael, Yamasaki, Noriko, Delcelier-Douchin, Françoise, Mesnager, Jean-Michel, Pontet, Bernard, Pradines, Alice, Branduardi-Raymont, Graziella, Bulbul, Esra, Dadina, Mauro, Ettori, Stefano, Finoguenov, Alexis, Fukazawa, Yasushi, Janiuk, Agnieszka, Kaastra, Jelle, Mazzotta, Pasquale, Miller, Jon, Miniutti, Giovanni, Nazé, Yaël, Nicastro, Fabrizio, Sciortino, Salvatore, Simionescu, Aurora, Torrejon, Jose Miguel, Frezouls, Benoît, Geoffray, Hervé, Peille, Philippe, Aicardi, Corinne, André, Jérôme, Clénet, Antoine, Daniel, Christophe, Etcheverry, Christophe, Gloaguen, Emilie, Hervet, Gilles, Jolly, Antoine, Ledot, Aurélien, Maussang, Irwin, Paillet, Alexis, Schmisser, Roseline, Vella, Bruno, Damery, Jean-Charles, Boyce, Kevin, DiPirro, Michael, Lotti, Simone, Schwander, Denis, Smith, Stephen, van Leeuwen, Bert-Joost, van Weers, Henk, Clerc, Nicolas, Cobo, Beatriz, Dauser, Thomas, de Plaa, Jelle, Kirsch, Christian, Cucchetti, Edoardo, Eckart, Megan, Ferrando, Philippe, and Natalucci, Lorenzo

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The X-ray Integral Field Unit (X-IFU) is the high resolution X-ray spectrometer of the ESA Athena X-ray observatory. Over a field of view of 5' equivalent diameter, it will deliver X-ray spectra from 0.2 to 12 keV with a spectral resolution of 2.5 eV up to 7 keV on ~5 arcsecond pixels. The X-IFU is based on a large format array of super-conducting molybdenum-gold Transition Edge Sensors cooled at about 90 mK, each coupled with an absorber made of gold and bismuth with a pitch of 249 microns. A cryogenic anti-coincidence detector located underneath the prime TES array enables the non X-ray background to be reduced. A bath temperature of about 50 mK is obtained by a series of mechanical coolers combining 15K Pulse Tubes, 4K and 2K Joule-Thomson coolers which pre-cool a sub Kelvin cooler made of a 3He sorption cooler coupled with an Adiabatic Demagnetization Refrigerator. Frequency domain multiplexing enables to read out 40 pixels in one single channel. A photon interacting with an absorber leads to a current pulse, amplified by the readout electronics and whose shape is reconstructed on board to recover its energy with high accuracy. The defocusing capability offered by the Athena movable mirror assembly enables the X-IFU to observe the brightest X-ray sources of the sky (up to Crab-like intensities) by spreading the telescope point spread function over hundreds of pixels. Thus the X-IFU delivers low pile-up, high throughput (>50%), and typically 10 eV spectral resolution at 1 Crab intensities, i.e. a factor of 10 or more better than Silicon based X-ray detectors. In this paper, the current X-IFU baseline is presented, together with an assessment of its anticipated performance in terms of spectral resolution, background, and count rate capability. The X-IFU baseline configuration will be subject to a preliminary requirement review that is scheduled at the end of 2018., Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures, to appear in Proc. SPIE Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation, Austin 2018

Published
2018

3. The Athena X-ray Integral Field Unit (X-IFU)

Author

Barret, Didier, Trong, Thien Lam, Herder, Jan-Willem den, Piro, Luigi, Barcons, Xavier, Huovelin, Juhani, Kelley, Richard, Mas-Hesse, J. Miguel, Mitsuda, Kazuhisa, Paltani, Stéphane, Rauw, Gregor, Rożanska, Agata, Wilms, Joern, Barbera, Marco, Bozzo, Enrico, Ceballos, Maria Teresa, Charles, Ivan, Decourchelle, Anne, Hartog, Roland den, Duval, Jean-Marc, Fiore, Fabrizio, Gatti, Flavio, Goldwurm, Andrea, Jackson, Brian, Jonker, Peter, Kilbourne, Caroline, Macculi, Claudio, Mendez, Mariano, Molendi, Silvano, Orleanski, Piotr, Pajot, François, Pointecouteau, Etienne, Porter, Frederick, Pratt, Gabriel W., Prêle, Damien, Ravera, Laurent, Renotte, Etienne, Schaye, Joop, Shinozaki, Keisuke, Valenziano, Luca, Vink, Jacco, Webb, Natalie, Yamasaki, Noriko, Delcelier-Douchin, Françoise, Du, Michel Le, Mesnager, Jean-Michel, Pradines, Alice, Branduardi-Raymont, Graziella, Dadina, Mauro, Finoguenov, Alexis, Fukazawa, Yasushi, Janiuk, Agnieszka, Miller, Jon, Nazé, Yaël, Nicastro, Fabrizio, Sciortino, Salvatore, Torrejon, Jose Miguel, Geoffray, Hervé, Hernandez, Isabelle, Luno, Laure, Peille, Philippe, André, Jérôme, Daniel, Christophe, Etcheverry, Christophe, Gloaguen, Emilie, Hassin, Jérémie, Hervet, Gilles, Maussang, Irwin, Moueza, Jérôme, Paillet, Alexis, Vella, Bruno, Garrido, Gonzalo Campos, Damery, Jean-Charles, Panem, Chantal, Panh, Johan, Bandler, Simon, Biffi, Jean-Marc, Boyce, Kevin, Clénet, Antoine, DiPirro, Michael, Jamotton, Pierre, Lotti, Simone, Schwander, Denis, Smith, Stephen, van Leeuwen, Bert-Joost, van Weers, Henk, Brand, Thorsten, Cobo, Beatriz, Dauser, Thomas, de Plaa, Jelle, and Cucchetti, Edoardo

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The X-ray Integral Field Unit (X-IFU) on board the Advanced Telescope for High-ENergy Astrophysics (Athena) will provide spatially resolved high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy from 0.2 to 12 keV, with 5 arc second pixels over a field of view of 5 arc minute equivalent diameter and a spectral resolution of 2.5 eV up to 7 keV. In this paper, we first review the core scientific objectives of Athena, driving the main performance parameters of the X-IFU, namely the spectral resolution, the field of view, the effective area, the count rate capabilities, the instrumental background. We also illustrate the breakthrough potential of the X-IFU for some observatory science goals. Then we briefly describe the X-IFU design as defined at the time of the mission consolidation review concluded in May 2016, and report on its predicted performance. Finally, we discuss some options to improve the instrument performance while not increasing its complexity and resource demands (e.g. count rate capability, spectral resolution). The X-IFU will be provided by an international consortium led by France, The Netherlands and Italy, with further ESA member state contributions from Belgium, Finland, Germany, Poland, Spain, Switzerland and two international partners from the United States and Japan., Comment: 41 pages, 18 Figures

Published
2016
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4. The Athena X-ray Integral Field Unit: a consolidated design for the system requirement review of the preliminary definition phase

Author

Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Física, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Teoría de la Señal, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Universitario de Física Aplicada a las Ciencias y las Tecnologías, Barret, Didier, Albouys, Vincent, den Herder, Jan-Willem, Piro, Luigi, Cappi, Massimo, Huovelin, Juhani, Kelley, Richard, Mas-Hesse, J. Miguel, Paltani, Stéphane, Rauw, Gregor, Rozanska, Agata, Bernard, Vivian, Berrocal, Alicia, Audard, Marc, Blin, Sylvie, Bonino, Donata, Frericks, Martin, Bonnet, François, Bonny, Patrick, Boorman, Peter, Ptak, Andy, Chaoul, Laurence, Boreux, Charles, Bounab, Ayoub, Boutelier, Martin, Boyce, Kevin, Brienza, Daniele, Bandler, Simon, Bruijn, Marcel, Gabici, Stefano, Bulgarelli, Andrea, Calarco, Simona, Raulin, Desi, Gloaguen, Emilie, Callanan, Paul, Prada Campello, Alberto, Camus, Thierry, Canourgues, Florent, Capobianco, Vito, Cardiel, Nicolas, Castellani, Florent, Barbera, Marco, Gant, Florent, Simionescu, Aurora, Cheatom, Oscar, Doumayrou, Eric, Chervenak, James, Chiarello, Fabio, Clerc, Laurent, Clerc, Nicolas, Cobo, Beatriz, Coeur-Joly, Odile, Coleiro, Alexis, Colonges, Stéphane, Torrejon, Jose M., Corcione, Leonardo, Gao, Jian-Rong, Puccetti, Simonetta, Barcons, Xavier, Coriat, Mickael, Coynel, Alexandre, Cuttaia, Francesco, D’Ai, Antonino, D’anca, Fabio, Dadina, Mauro, Acero, Fabio, Daniel, Christophe, Dauner, Lea, DeNigris, Natalie, Puccio, Elena, Gastaldello, Fabio, Dercksen, Johannes, Bozzo, Enrico, DiPirro, Michael, Genolet, Ludovic, Durkin, Malcom, van Leeuwen, Bert-Joost, Charles, Ivan, Ghizzardi, Simona, Alcacera Gil, M. Angeles, Giovannini, Elisa, Ramon, Pascale, Godet, Olivier, Gomez-Elvira, Javier, Gonzalez, Raoul, Gonzalez, Manuel, Gottardi, Luciano, Branduardi-Raymont, Graziella, Granat, Dolorès, Fioretti, Valentina, Gros, Michel, Costantini, Elisa, Guignard, Nicolas, Reina, Manuel, Hieltjes, Paul, Hurtado, Adolfo Jesús, Irwin, Kent, Jacquey, Christian, Ettori, Stefano, Janiuk, Agnieszka, Jaubert, Jean, Jiménez, Maria, Geoffray, Hervé, Jolly, Antoine, Jourdan, Thierry, Rioland, Guillaume, Dauser, Thomas, Julien, Sabine, Kedziora, Bartosz, Finoguenov, Alexis, Korb, Andrew, Kreykenbohm, Ingo, König, Ole, Langer, Mathieu, Laudet, Philippe, Jacques, Lionel, Laurent, Philippe, Rodriguez, Louis, Laurenza, Monica, Lesrel, Jean, Etcheverry, Christophe, Decourchelle, Anne, Ligori, Sebastiano, Lorenz, Maximilian, Luminari, Alfredo, Maffei, Bruno, Maisonnave, Océane, Marelli, Lorenzo, Kirsch, Christian, Roig, Anton, Massonet, Didier, Petit, Pascal, Maussang, Irwin, Melchor, Alejandro Gonzalo, Le Mer, Isabelle, Duband, Lionel, San Millan, Francisco Javier, Millerioux, Jean-Pierre, Mineo, Teresa, Minervini, Gabriele, Molin, Alexeï, Gatti, Flavio, Grosso, Nicolas, Smith, Stephen, Monestes, David, Montinaro, Nicola, Mot, Baptiste, Murat, David, Nagayoshi, Kenichiro, Duval, Jean-Marc, Nazé, Yaël, Noguès, Loïc, Pailot, Damien, Kaastra, Jelle, Rollet, Bertrand, Panessa, Francesca, Adams, Joseph, Parodi, Luigi, Roncarelli, Mauro, Dubbeldam, Luc, Hoogeveen, Ruud, Roudil, Gilles, Rudnicki, Tomasz, Sanisidro, Julien, Mazzotta, Pasquale, Sciortino, Luisa, Silva, Vitor, Sordet, Michael, Soto-Aguilar, Javier, Spizzi, Pierre, Goldwurm, Andrea, Dupieux, Michel, Surace, Christian, Svoboda, Jiri, Fernández Sánchez, Miguel, Miller, Jon, Taralli, Emanuele, Terrasa, Guilhem, Terrier, Régis, Todaro, Michela, Ubertini, Pietro, Uslenghi, Michela, Vaate, Jan Geralt Bijd de, Dupourqué, Simon, Vaccaro, Davide, den Hartog, Roland, Miniutti, Giovanni, van der Hulst, Paul, Varisco, Salvatore, Varnière, Peggy, Vibert, Laurent, Vidriales, María, Villa, Fabrizio, Vodopivec, Boris Martin, Volpe, Angela, Durand, Jean Louis, Vries, Cor de, Nicastro, Fabrizio, Wakeham, Nicholas, Walmsley, Gavin, Kiviranta, Mikko, Jackson, Brian, Wise, Michael, Wit, Martin de, Woźniak, Grzegorz, Jonker, Peter, Kilbourne, Caroline, Eckert, Dominique, Sciortino, Salvatore, Korpela, Seppo, Macculi, Claudio, Mendez, Mariano, Mitsuda, Kazuhisa, van der Kuur, Jan, Molendi, Silvano, Pajot, François, Pointecouteau, Etienne, Porter, Frederick, Pratt, Gabriel W., van Loon, Dennis, Eiriz, Valvanera, Prêle, Damien, Ravera, Laurent, Sato, Kosuke, Schaye, Joop, Shinozaki, Keisuke, Ledot, Aurélien, Skup, Konrad, Soucek, Jan, Thibert, Tanguy, Yamaguchi, Hiroya, Vink, Jacco, Ercolani, Eric, Webb, Natalie, Beaumont, Sophie, Piconcelli, Enrico, Ceballos, Maria Teresa, Cucchetti, Edoardo, D’Andrea, Matteo, Eckart, Megan, Ferrando, Philippe, Kammoun, Elias, Lotti, Simone, Mesnager, Jean-Michel, Natalucci, Lorenzo, Lyautey, Bertrand, Pinto, Ciro, Peille, Philippe, Doriese, William, de Plaa, Jelle, Ardellier, Florence, Argan, Andrea, Bellouard, Elise, Carron, Jérôme, Cavazzuti, Elisabetta, Fiorini, Mauro, Khosropanah, Pourya, Encinas Plaza, Jose Miguel, Martin, Sylvain, Parot, Yann, Finkbeiner, Fred, Perry, James, Pinsard, Frederic, Pradines, Alice, Rigano, Manuela, Roelfsema, Peter, Schwander, Denis, Torrioli, Guido, Plaza, Borja, Ullom, Joel, Vera, Isabel, Medinaceli Villegas, Eduardo, Fiocchi, Mariateresa, Sakai, Kazuhiro, Zuchniak, Monika, Brachet, Frank, Lo Cicero, Ugo, van Weers, Henk, Wilms, Joern, Fiore, Fabrizio, Abdoelkariem, Shariefa, Adam, Thomas, Adami, Christophe, Aicardi, Corinne, Fossecave, Hervé, Akamatsu, Hiroki, Merino Alonso, Pablo Eleazar, Amato, Roberta, André, Jérôme, Angelinelli, Matteo, Poyatos, David, Anon-Cancela, Manuel, Yamasaki, Noriko, Anvar, Shebli, Atienza, Ricardo, Attard, Anthony, Franssen, Philippe, Auricchio, Natalia, Balado, Ana, Bancel, Florian, Barusso, Lorenzo Ferrari, Prouvé, Thomas, Bascuñan, Arturo, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Física, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Teoría de la Señal, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Universitario de Física Aplicada a las Ciencias y las Tecnologías, Barret, Didier, Albouys, Vincent, den Herder, Jan-Willem, Piro, Luigi, Cappi, Massimo, Huovelin, Juhani, Kelley, Richard, Mas-Hesse, J. Miguel, Paltani, Stéphane, Rauw, Gregor, Rozanska, Agata, Bernard, Vivian, Berrocal, Alicia, Audard, Marc, Blin, Sylvie, Bonino, Donata, Frericks, Martin, Bonnet, François, Bonny, Patrick, Boorman, Peter, Ptak, Andy, Chaoul, Laurence, Boreux, Charles, Bounab, Ayoub, Boutelier, Martin, Boyce, Kevin, Brienza, Daniele, Bandler, Simon, Bruijn, Marcel, Gabici, Stefano, Bulgarelli, Andrea, Calarco, Simona, Raulin, Desi, Gloaguen, Emilie, Callanan, Paul, Prada Campello, Alberto, Camus, Thierry, Canourgues, Florent, Capobianco, Vito, Cardiel, Nicolas, Castellani, Florent, Barbera, Marco, Gant, Florent, Simionescu, Aurora, Cheatom, Oscar, Doumayrou, Eric, Chervenak, James, Chiarello, Fabio, Clerc, Laurent, Clerc, Nicolas, Cobo, Beatriz, Coeur-Joly, Odile, Coleiro, Alexis, Colonges, Stéphane, Torrejon, Jose M., Corcione, Leonardo, Gao, Jian-Rong, Puccetti, Simonetta, Barcons, Xavier, Coriat, Mickael, Coynel, Alexandre, Cuttaia, Francesco, D’Ai, Antonino, D’anca, Fabio, Dadina, Mauro, Acero, Fabio, Daniel, Christophe, Dauner, Lea, DeNigris, Natalie, Puccio, Elena, Gastaldello, Fabio, Dercksen, Johannes, Bozzo, Enrico, DiPirro, Michael, Genolet, Ludovic, Durkin, Malcom, van Leeuwen, Bert-Joost, Charles, Ivan, Ghizzardi, Simona, Alcacera Gil, M. Angeles, Giovannini, Elisa, Ramon, Pascale, Godet, Olivier, Gomez-Elvira, Javier, Gonzalez, Raoul, Gonzalez, Manuel, Gottardi, Luciano, Branduardi-Raymont, Graziella, Granat, Dolorès, Fioretti, Valentina, Gros, Michel, Costantini, Elisa, Guignard, Nicolas, Reina, Manuel, Hieltjes, Paul, Hurtado, Adolfo Jesús, Irwin, Kent, Jacquey, Christian, Ettori, Stefano, Janiuk, Agnieszka, Jaubert, Jean, Jiménez, Maria, Geoffray, Hervé, Jolly, Antoine, Jourdan, Thierry, Rioland, Guillaume, Dauser, Thomas, Julien, Sabine, Kedziora, Bartosz, Finoguenov, Alexis, Korb, Andrew, Kreykenbohm, Ingo, König, Ole, Langer, Mathieu, Laudet, Philippe, Jacques, Lionel, Laurent, Philippe, Rodriguez, Louis, Laurenza, Monica, Lesrel, Jean, Etcheverry, Christophe, Decourchelle, Anne, Ligori, Sebastiano, Lorenz, Maximilian, Luminari, Alfredo, Maffei, Bruno, Maisonnave, Océane, Marelli, Lorenzo, Kirsch, Christian, Roig, Anton, Massonet, Didier, Petit, Pascal, Maussang, Irwin, Melchor, Alejandro Gonzalo, Le Mer, Isabelle, Duband, Lionel, San Millan, Francisco Javier, Millerioux, Jean-Pierre, Mineo, Teresa, Minervini, Gabriele, Molin, Alexeï, Gatti, Flavio, Grosso, Nicolas, Smith, Stephen, Monestes, David, Montinaro, Nicola, Mot, Baptiste, Murat, David, Nagayoshi, Kenichiro, Duval, Jean-Marc, Nazé, Yaël, Noguès, Loïc, Pailot, Damien, Kaastra, Jelle, Rollet, Bertrand, Panessa, Francesca, Adams, Joseph, Parodi, Luigi, Roncarelli, Mauro, Dubbeldam, Luc, Hoogeveen, Ruud, Roudil, Gilles, Rudnicki, Tomasz, Sanisidro, Julien, Mazzotta, Pasquale, Sciortino, Luisa, Silva, Vitor, Sordet, Michael, Soto-Aguilar, Javier, Spizzi, Pierre, Goldwurm, Andrea, Dupieux, Michel, Surace, Christian, Svoboda, Jiri, Fernández Sánchez, Miguel, Miller, Jon, Taralli, Emanuele, Terrasa, Guilhem, Terrier, Régis, Todaro, Michela, Ubertini, Pietro, Uslenghi, Michela, Vaate, Jan Geralt Bijd de, Dupourqué, Simon, Vaccaro, Davide, den Hartog, Roland, Miniutti, Giovanni, van der Hulst, Paul, Varisco, Salvatore, Varnière, Peggy, Vibert, Laurent, Vidriales, María, Villa, Fabrizio, Vodopivec, Boris Martin, Volpe, Angela, Durand, Jean Louis, Vries, Cor de, Nicastro, Fabrizio, Wakeham, Nicholas, Walmsley, Gavin, Kiviranta, Mikko, Jackson, Brian, Wise, Michael, Wit, Martin de, Woźniak, Grzegorz, Jonker, Peter, Kilbourne, Caroline, Eckert, Dominique, Sciortino, Salvatore, Korpela, Seppo, Macculi, Claudio, Mendez, Mariano, Mitsuda, Kazuhisa, van der Kuur, Jan, Molendi, Silvano, Pajot, François, Pointecouteau, Etienne, Porter, Frederick, Pratt, Gabriel W., van Loon, Dennis, Eiriz, Valvanera, Prêle, Damien, Ravera, Laurent, Sato, Kosuke, Schaye, Joop, Shinozaki, Keisuke, Ledot, Aurélien, Skup, Konrad, Soucek, Jan, Thibert, Tanguy, Yamaguchi, Hiroya, Vink, Jacco, Ercolani, Eric, Webb, Natalie, Beaumont, Sophie, Piconcelli, Enrico, Ceballos, Maria Teresa, Cucchetti, Edoardo, D’Andrea, Matteo, Eckart, Megan, Ferrando, Philippe, Kammoun, Elias, Lotti, Simone, Mesnager, Jean-Michel, Natalucci, Lorenzo, Lyautey, Bertrand, Pinto, Ciro, Peille, Philippe, Doriese, William, de Plaa, Jelle, Ardellier, Florence, Argan, Andrea, Bellouard, Elise, Carron, Jérôme, Cavazzuti, Elisabetta, Fiorini, Mauro, Khosropanah, Pourya, Encinas Plaza, Jose Miguel, Martin, Sylvain, Parot, Yann, Finkbeiner, Fred, Perry, James, Pinsard, Frederic, Pradines, Alice, Rigano, Manuela, Roelfsema, Peter, Schwander, Denis, Torrioli, Guido, Plaza, Borja, Ullom, Joel, Vera, Isabel, Medinaceli Villegas, Eduardo, Fiocchi, Mariateresa, Sakai, Kazuhiro, Zuchniak, Monika, Brachet, Frank, Lo Cicero, Ugo, van Weers, Henk, Wilms, Joern, Fiore, Fabrizio, Abdoelkariem, Shariefa, Adam, Thomas, Adami, Christophe, Aicardi, Corinne, Fossecave, Hervé, Akamatsu, Hiroki, Merino Alonso, Pablo Eleazar, Amato, Roberta, André, Jérôme, Angelinelli, Matteo, Poyatos, David, Anon-Cancela, Manuel, Yamasaki, Noriko, Anvar, Shebli, Atienza, Ricardo, Attard, Anthony, Franssen, Philippe, Auricchio, Natalia, Balado, Ana, Bancel, Florian, Barusso, Lorenzo Ferrari, Prouvé, Thomas, and Bascuñan, Arturo

Abstract

The Athena X-ray Integral Unit (X-IFU) is the high resolution X-ray spectrometer studied since 2015 for flying in the mid-30s on the Athena space X-ray Observatory. Athena is a versatile observatory designed to address the Hot and Energetic Universe science theme, as selected in November 2013 by the Survey Science Committee. Based on a large format array of Transition Edge Sensors (TES), X-IFU aims to provide spatially resolved X-ray spectroscopy, with a spectral resolution of 2.5 eV (up to 7 keV) over a hexagonal field of view of 5 arc minutes (equivalent diameter). The X-IFU entered its System Requirement Review (SRR) in June 2022, at about the same time when ESA called for an overall X-IFU redesign (including the X-IFU cryostat and the cooling chain), due to an unanticipated cost overrun of Athena. In this paper, after illustrating the breakthrough capabilities of the X-IFU, we describe the instrument as presented at its SRR (i.e. in the course of its preliminary definition phase, so-called B1), browsing through all the subsystems and associated requirements. We then show the instrument budgets, with a particular emphasis on the anticipated budgets of some of its key performance parameters, such as the instrument efficiency, spectral resolution, energy scale knowledge, count rate capability, non X-ray background and target of opportunity efficiency. Finally, we briefly discuss the ongoing key technology demonstration activities, the calibration and the activities foreseen in the X-IFU Instrument Science Center, touch on communication and outreach activities, the consortium organisation and the life cycle assessment of X-IFU aiming at minimising the environmental footprint, associated with the development of the instrument. Thanks to the studies conducted so far on X-IFU, it is expected that along the design-to-cost exercise requested by ESA, the X-IFU will maintain flagship capabilities in spatially resolved high resolution X-ray spectroscopy, enabling most of th

Published
2023

5. The Athena X-ray Integral Field Unit: a consolidated design for the system requirement review of the preliminary definition phase

Author

Barret, Didier, primary, Albouys, Vincent, additional, Herder, Jan-Willem den, additional, Piro, Luigi, additional, Cappi, Massimo, additional, Huovelin, Juhani, additional, Kelley, Richard, additional, Mas-Hesse, J. Miguel, additional, Paltani, Stéphane, additional, Rauw, Gregor, additional, Rozanska, Agata, additional, Svoboda, Jiri, additional, Wilms, Joern, additional, Yamasaki, Noriko, additional, Audard, Marc, additional, Bandler, Simon, additional, Barbera, Marco, additional, Barcons, Xavier, additional, Bozzo, Enrico, additional, Ceballos, Maria Teresa, additional, Charles, Ivan, additional, Costantini, Elisa, additional, Dauser, Thomas, additional, Decourchelle, Anne, additional, Duband, Lionel, additional, Duval, Jean-Marc, additional, Fiore, Fabrizio, additional, Gatti, Flavio, additional, Goldwurm, Andrea, additional, Hartog, Roland den, additional, Jackson, Brian, additional, Jonker, Peter, additional, Kilbourne, Caroline, additional, Korpela, Seppo, additional, Macculi, Claudio, additional, Mendez, Mariano, additional, Mitsuda, Kazuhisa, additional, Molendi, Silvano, additional, Pajot, François, additional, Pointecouteau, Etienne, additional, Porter, Frederick, additional, Pratt, Gabriel W., additional, Prêle, Damien, additional, Ravera, Laurent, additional, Sato, Kosuke, additional, Schaye, Joop, additional, Shinozaki, Keisuke, additional, Skup, Konrad, additional, Soucek, Jan, additional, Thibert, Tanguy, additional, Vink, Jacco, additional, Webb, Natalie, additional, Chaoul, Laurence, additional, Raulin, Desi, additional, Simionescu, Aurora, additional, Torrejon, Jose Miguel, additional, Acero, Fabio, additional, Branduardi-Raymont, Graziella, additional, Ettori, Stefano, additional, Finoguenov, Alexis, additional, Grosso, Nicolas, additional, Kaastra, Jelle, additional, Mazzotta, Pasquale, additional, Miller, Jon, additional, Miniutti, Giovanni, additional, Nicastro, Fabrizio, additional, Sciortino, Salvatore, additional, Yamaguchi, Hiroya, additional, Beaumont, Sophie, additional, Cucchetti, Edoardo, additional, D’Andrea, Matteo, additional, Eckart, Megan, additional, Ferrando, Philippe, additional, Kammoun, Elias, additional, Lotti, Simone, additional, Mesnager, Jean-Michel, additional, Natalucci, Lorenzo, additional, Peille, Philippe, additional, de Plaa, Jelle, additional, Ardellier, Florence, additional, Argan, Andrea, additional, Bellouard, Elise, additional, Carron, Jérôme, additional, Cavazzuti, Elisabetta, additional, Fiorini, Mauro, additional, Khosropanah, Pourya, additional, Martin, Sylvain, additional, Perry, James, additional, Pinsard, Frederic, additional, Pradines, Alice, additional, Rigano, Manuela, additional, Roelfsema, Peter, additional, Schwander, Denis, additional, Torrioli, Guido, additional, Ullom, Joel, additional, Vera, Isabel, additional, Villegas, Eduardo Medinaceli, additional, Zuchniak, Monika, additional, Brachet, Frank, additional, Cicero, Ugo Lo, additional, Doriese, William, additional, Durkin, Malcom, additional, Fioretti, Valentina, additional, Geoffray, Hervé, additional, Jacques, Lionel, additional, Kirsch, Christian, additional, Smith, Stephen, additional, Adams, Joseph, additional, Gloaguen, Emilie, additional, Hoogeveen, Ruud, additional, van der Hulst, Paul, additional, Kiviranta, Mikko, additional, van der Kuur, Jan, additional, Ledot, Aurélien, additional, van Leeuwen, Bert-Joost, additional, van Loon, Dennis, additional, Lyautey, Bertrand, additional, Parot, Yann, additional, Sakai, Kazuhiro, additional, van Weers, Henk, additional, Abdoelkariem, Shariefa, additional, Adam, Thomas, additional, Adami, Christophe, additional, Aicardi, Corinne, additional, Akamatsu, Hiroki, additional, Alonso, Pablo Eleazar Merino, additional, Amato, Roberta, additional, André, Jérôme, additional, Angelinelli, Matteo, additional, Anon-Cancela, Manuel, additional, Anvar, Shebli, additional, Atienza, Ricardo, additional, Attard, Anthony, additional, Auricchio, Natalia, additional, Balado, Ana, additional, Bancel, Florian, additional, Barusso, Lorenzo Ferrari, additional, Bascuñan, Arturo, additional, Bernard, Vivian, additional, Berrocal, Alicia, additional, Blin, Sylvie, additional, Bonino, Donata, additional, Bonnet, François, additional, Bonny, Patrick, additional, Boorman, Peter, additional, Boreux, Charles, additional, Bounab, Ayoub, additional, Boutelier, Martin, additional, Boyce, Kevin, additional, Brienza, Daniele, additional, Bruijn, Marcel, additional, Bulgarelli, Andrea, additional, Calarco, Simona, additional, Callanan, Paul, additional, Campello, Alberto Prada, additional, Camus, Thierry, additional, Canourgues, Florent, additional, Capobianco, Vito, additional, Cardiel, Nicolas, additional, Castellani, Florent, additional, Cheatom, Oscar, additional, Chervenak, James, additional, Chiarello, Fabio, additional, Clerc, Laurent, additional, Clerc, Nicolas, additional, Cobo, Beatriz, additional, Coeur-Joly, Odile, additional, Coleiro, Alexis, additional, Colonges, Stéphane, additional, Corcione, Leonardo, additional, Coriat, Mickael, additional, Coynel, Alexandre, additional, Cuttaia, Francesco, additional, D’Ai, Antonino, additional, D’anca, Fabio, additional, Dadina, Mauro, additional, Daniel, Christophe, additional, Dauner, Lea, additional, DeNigris, Natalie, additional, Dercksen, Johannes, additional, DiPirro, Michael, additional, Doumayrou, Eric, additional, Dubbeldam, Luc, additional, Dupieux, Michel, additional, Dupourqué, Simon, additional, Durand, Jean Louis, additional, Eckert, Dominique, additional, Eiriz, Valvanera, additional, Ercolani, Eric, additional, Etcheverry, Christophe, additional, Finkbeiner, Fred, additional, Fiocchi, Mariateresa, additional, Fossecave, Hervé, additional, Franssen, Philippe, additional, Frericks, Martin, additional, Gabici, Stefano, additional, Gant, Florent, additional, Gao, Jian-Rong, additional, Gastaldello, Fabio, additional, Genolet, Ludovic, additional, Ghizzardi, Simona, additional, Gil, Ma Angeles Alcacera, additional, Giovannini, Elisa, additional, Godet, Olivier, additional, Gomez-Elvira, Javier, additional, Gonzalez, Raoul, additional, Gonzalez, Manuel, additional, Gottardi, Luciano, additional, Granat, Dolorès, additional, Gros, Michel, additional, Guignard, Nicolas, additional, Hieltjes, Paul, additional, Hurtado, Adolfo Jesús, additional, Irwin, Kent, additional, Jacquey, Christian, additional, Janiuk, Agnieszka, additional, Jaubert, Jean, additional, Jiménez, Maria, additional, Jolly, Antoine, additional, Jourdan, Thierry, additional, Julien, Sabine, additional, Kedziora, Bartosz, additional, Korb, Andrew, additional, Kreykenbohm, Ingo, additional, König, Ole, additional, Langer, Mathieu, additional, Laudet, Philippe, additional, Laurent, Philippe, additional, Laurenza, Monica, additional, Lesrel, Jean, additional, Ligori, Sebastiano, additional, Lorenz, Maximilian, additional, Luminari, Alfredo, additional, Maffei, Bruno, additional, Maisonnave, Océane, additional, Marelli, Lorenzo, additional, Massonet, Didier, additional, Maussang, Irwin, additional, Melchor, Alejandro Gonzalo, additional, Le Mer, Isabelle, additional, Millan, Francisco Javier San, additional, Millerioux, Jean-Pierre, additional, Mineo, Teresa, additional, Minervini, Gabriele, additional, Molin, Alexeï, additional, Monestes, David, additional, Montinaro, Nicola, additional, Mot, Baptiste, additional, Murat, David, additional, Nagayoshi, Kenichiro, additional, Nazé, Yaël, additional, Noguès, Loïc, additional, Pailot, Damien, additional, Panessa, Francesca, additional, Parodi, Luigi, additional, Petit, Pascal, additional, Piconcelli, Enrico, additional, Pinto, Ciro, additional, Plaza, Jose Miguel Encinas, additional, Plaza, Borja, additional, Poyatos, David, additional, Prouvé, Thomas, additional, Ptak, Andy, additional, Puccetti, Simonetta, additional, Puccio, Elena, additional, Ramon, Pascale, additional, Reina, Manuel, additional, Rioland, Guillaume, additional, Rodriguez, Louis, additional, Roig, Anton, additional, Rollet, Bertrand, additional, Roncarelli, Mauro, additional, Roudil, Gilles, additional, Rudnicki, Tomasz, additional, Sanisidro, Julien, additional, Sciortino, Luisa, additional, Silva, Vitor, additional, Sordet, Michael, additional, Soto-Aguilar, Javier, additional, Spizzi, Pierre, additional, Surace, Christian, additional, Sánchez, Miguel Fernández, additional, Taralli, Emanuele, additional, Terrasa, Guilhem, additional, Terrier, Régis, additional, Todaro, Michela, additional, Ubertini, Pietro, additional, Uslenghi, Michela, additional, de Vaate, Jan Geralt Bij, additional, Vaccaro, Davide, additional, Varisco, Salvatore, additional, Varnière, Peggy, additional, Vibert, Laurent, additional, Vidriales, María, additional, Villa, Fabrizio, additional, Vodopivec, Boris Martin, additional, Volpe, Angela, additional, de Vries, Cor, additional, Wakeham, Nicholas, additional, Walmsley, Gavin, additional, Wise, Michael, additional, de Wit, Martin, additional, and Woźniak, Grzegorz, additional

Published
2023
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6. Satellite Reliability Model Supporting End-of-Life Operations Success

Author

Roig, Anton, Etcheverry, Christophe, and Etienne, Karine

Subjects
Satellite, Space debris, Reliability
Abstract

The increasing number of satellites in orbit and the upcoming deployment of constellations of hundreds of small satellites raises the problem of orbital debris and saturation of main LEO and GEO orbits. Currently, about sixty percent of satellites are deorbited at their end of life, including thirty percent deliberately with a propulsion system. The increase in the number of debris has led to the implementation of preventive and corrective actions at an international level to ensure the availability and safety of these orbits for future space projects. It therefore appears necessary to guarantee with the best estimate possible the operations of passivation and withdrawal of service for satellites in orbit at their end of life. This paper presents and illustrates – with the case of the French National Space Agency’s scientific satellite TARANIS based on the Myriade microsatellite generic platform – different approaches to improve satellite reliability model. They are based on Bayesian and Chi-Square techniques that rely on operations feedback in order to provide a more realistic risk assessment, closer to the value statistically observed in orbit. This will lead to a better compliance to space debris national and international standards – as the French Law on Space Operations or the ISO Space Systems - Space Debris Mitigation Requirements – concerning end-of-life operations. That way, it will guarantee a safe access and operations in space for future missions by limiting the proliferation of space debris in already crowded Earth orbits.

Published
2021

7. The ATHENA X-ray Integral Field Unit (X-IFU)

Author

Barret, Didier, Thien Lam Trong, den Herder, Jan-Willem, Piro, Luigi, Cappi, Massimo, Huovelin, Juhani, Kelley, Richard, Mas-Hesse, J. Miguel, Mitsuda, Kazuhisa, Paltani, Stephane, Rauw, Gregor, Rozanska, Agata, Wilms, Joern, Bandler, Simon, Barbera, Marco, Barcons, Xavier, Bozzo, Enrico, Ceballos, Maria Teresa, Charles, Ivan, Costantini, Elisa, Decourchelle, Anne, den Hartog, Roland, Duband, Lionel, Duval, Jean-Marc, Fiore, Fabrizio, Gatti, Flavio, Goldwurm, Andrea, Jackson, Brian, Jonker, Peter, Kilbourne, Caroline, Macculi, Claudio, Mendez, Mariano, Molendi, Silvano, Orleanski, Piotr, Pajot, Francois, Pointecouteau, Etienne, Porter, Frederick, Pratt, Gabriel W., Prele, Damien, Ravera, Laurent, Sato, Kosuke, Schaye, Joop, Shinozaki, Keisuke, Thibert, Tanguy, Valenziano, Luca, Valette, Veronique, Vink, Jacco, Webb, Natalie, Wise, Michael, Yamasaki, Noriko, Delcelier-Douchin, Francoise, Mesnager, Jean-Michel, Pontet, Bernard, Pradines, Alice, Branduardi-Raymont, Graziella, Bulbul, Esra, Dadina, Mauro, Ettori, Stefano, Finoguenov, Alexis, Fukazawa, Yasushi, Janiuk, Agnieszka, Kaastra, Jelle, Mazzotta, Pasquale, Miller, Jon, Miniutti, Giovanni, Naze, Yael, Nicastro, Fabrizio, Sciortino, Salvatore, Simionescu, Aurora, Torrejon, Jose Miguel, Geoffray, Herve, Peille, Philippe, Aicardi, Corinne, Andre, Jerome, Garrido, Gonzalo Campos, Clenet, Antoine, Daniel, Christophe, Etcheverry, Christophe, Frezouls, Benot, Gloaguen, Emilie, Hervet, Gilles, Jolly, Antoine, Ledot, Aurelien, Maussang, Irwin, Paillet, Alexis, Schmisser, Roseline, Travert, Jean-Michel, Vella, Bruno, Damery, Jean-Charles, Boyce, Kevin, DiPirro, Michael, Lotti, Simone, Schwander, Denis, Smith, Stephen, van Leeuwen, Bert-Joost, van Weers, Henk, Clerc, Nicolas, Cobo, Beatriz, Dauser, Thomas, de Plaa, Jelle, Kirsch, Christian, Cucchetti, Edoardo, Eckart, Megan, Ferrando, Philippe, Natalucci, Lorenzo, European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles), High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI), DenHerder, JWA, Nikzad, S, Nakazawa, K, Department of Physics, Barret, Didier, Lam Trong, Thien, den Herder, Jan-Willem, Piro, Luigi, Cappi, Massimo, Houvelin, Juhani, Kelley, Richard, Mas-Hesse, J. Miguel, Mitsuda, Kazuhisa, Paltani, Stéphane, Rauw, Gregor, Rozanska, Agata, Wilms, Joern, Bandler, Simon, Barbera, Marco, Barcons, Xavier, Bozzo, Enrico, Ceballos, Maria Teresa, Charles, Ivan, Costantini, Elisa, Decourchelle, Anne, den Hartog, Roland, Duband, Lionel, Duval, Jean-Marc, Fiore, Fabrizio, Gatti, Flavio, Goldwurm, Andrea, Jackson, Brian, Jonker, Peter, Kilbourne, Caroline, Macculi, Claudio, Mendez, Mariano, Molendi, Silvano, Orleanski, Piotr, Pajot, Françoi, Pointecouteau, Etienne, Porter, Frederick, Pratt, Gabriel W., Prêle, Damien, Ravera, Laurent, Sato, Kosuke, Schaye, Joop, Shinozaki, Keisuke, Thibert, Tanguy, Valenziano, Luca, Valette, Véronique, Vink, Jacco, Webb, Natalie, Wise, Michael, Yamasaki, Noriko, Douchin, Françoise, Mesnager, Jean-Michel, Pontet, Bernard, Pradines, Alice, Branduardi-Raymont, Graziella, Bulbul, Esra, Dadina, Mauro, Ettori, Stefano, Finoguenov, Alexi, Fukazawa, Yasushi, Janiuk, Agnieszka, Kaastra, Jelle, Mazzotta, Pasquale, Miller, Jon, Miniutti, Giovanni, Naze, Yael, Nicastro, Fabrizio, Scioritino, Salavtore, Simonescu, Aurora, Torrejon, Jose Miguel, Frezouls, Benoit, Geoffray, Hervé, Peille, Philippe, Aicardi, Corinne, André, Jérôme, Daniel, Christophe, Clénet, Antoine, Etcheverry, Christophe, Gloaguen, Emilie, Hervet, Gille, Jolly, Antoine, Ledot, Aurélien, Paillet, Irwin, Schmisser, Roseline, Vella, Bruno, Damery, Jean-Charle, Boyce, Kevin, Dipirro, Mike, Lotti, Simone, Schwander, Deni, Smith, Stephen, Van Leeuwen, Bert-Joost, van Weers, Henk, Clerc, Nicola, Cobo, Beatriz, Dauser, Thoma, Kirsch, Christian, Cucchetti, Edoardo, Eckart, Megan, Ferrando, Philippe, Natalucci, Lorenzo, and Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (Belgique)

Subjects
Point spread function, Photon, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Field of view, Athena, Instrumentation, Space telescopes, X-ray Integral Field Unit, X-ray spectroscopy, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Condensed Matter Physics, Computer Science Applications1707 Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Applied Mathematics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Condensed Matter Physic, Large format, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, Telescope, Physics::Popular Physics, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia E Astrofisica, Optics, law, Physics::Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Spectral resolution, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, Spectrometer, business.industry, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Material, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, 115 Astronomy, Space science, Physics::History of Physics, Applied Mathematic, Space telescope, business
Abstract

Event: SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, 2018, Austin, Texas, United States., The X-IFU will be provided by an international consortium led by France, The Netherlands and Italy, with further ESA member state contributions from Belgium, Finland, Germany, Poland, Spain, Switzerland and two international partners from the United States and Japan: et al., The X-ray Integral Field Unit (X-IFU) is the high resolution X-ray spectrometer of the ESA Athena X-ray observatory. Over a field of view of 5’ equivalent diameter, it will deliver X-ray spectra from 0.2 to 12 keV with a spectral resolution of 2.5 eV up to 7 keV on ∼ 5” pixels. The X-IFU is based on a large format array of super-conducting molybdenum-gold Transition Edge Sensors cooled at ∼ 90 mK, each coupled with an absorber made of gold and bismuth with a pitch of 249 μm. A cryogenic anti-coincidence detector located underneath the prime TES array enables the non X-ray background to be reduced. A bath temperature of ∼ 50 mK is obtained by a series of mechanical coolers combining 15K Pulse Tubes, 4K and 2K Joule-Thomson coolers which pre-cool a sub Kelvin cooler made of a 3He sorption cooler coupled with an Adiabatic Demagnetization Refrigerator. Frequency domain multiplexing enables to read out 40 pixels in one single channel. A photon interacting with an absorber leads to a current pulse, amplified by the readout electronics and whose shape is reconstructed on board to recover its energy with high accuracy. The defocusing capability offered by the Athena movable mirror assembly enables the X-IFU to observe the brightest X-ray sources of the sky (up to Crab-like intensities) by spreading the telescope point spread function over hundreds of pixels. Thus the X-IFU delivers low pile-up, high throughput (< 50%), and typically 10 eV spectral resolution at 1 Crab intensities, i.e. a factor of 10 or more better than Silicon based X-ray detectors. In this paper, the current X-IFU baseline is presented, together with an assessment of its anticipated performance in terms of spectral resolution, background, and count rate capability. The X-IFU baseline configuration will be subject to a preliminary requirement review that is scheduled at the end of 2018., We acknowledge support from the Athena Science Study Team, the Athena Working Group Chairs, the Athena Topical Panel Chairs and the Topical Panel members in strengthening the X-IFU top level performance requirements. Particular thanks go to: E. Rasia, V. Biffi, S. Borgani and K. Dolag for providing cosmological hydrodynamic simulations of a cluster used to produce simulation of X-IFU observation presented in Fig. 2; P.T. O'Brien for assistance with Sect. 2.2.1, A.C. Fabian and C. Pinto for providing inputs for Figure 1. We also thank the ESA project team, and in particular Mark Ayre and Ivo Ferreira, for their work on the assessment of the ToO efficiency requirement. The Italian contribution to X-IFU is supported through the ASI contractn. 2015-046-R.0. XB, MTC and BC acknowledge nancial support by MINECO through grant ESP2014-53672-C3-1-P. A.R., P.O, and A.J. were supported by Polish NSC grants: 2015/17/B/ST9/03422 and 2015/18/M/ST9/00541. GR, ER, YN, and PJ acknowledges support by FNRS and Prodex (Belspo). This work was supported by the French Space Agency (CNES).

Published
2018

8. The ATHENA x-ray integral field unit (X-IFU)

Author

Barret, Didier, primary, den Herder, Jan-Willem, primary, Lam Trong, Thien, primary, Piro, Luigi, primary, Cappi, Massimo, primary, Houvelin, Juhani, primary, Kelley, Richard, primary, Mass-Hesse, Miguel, primary, Mitsuda, Kazuhisa, primary, Paltani, Stéphane, primary, Rauw, Gregor, primary, Rozanska, Agata, primary, Wilms, Joern, primary, Bandler, Simon, primary, Barbera, Marco, primary, Barcons, Xavier, primary, Bozzo, Enrico, primary, Ceballos, Maite, primary, Charles, Ivan, primary, Costantini, Elisa, primary, Decourchelle, Anne, primary, den Hartog, Roland, primary, Duband, Lionel, primary, Duval, Jean-Marc, primary, Fiore, Fabrizio, primary, Gatti, Flavio, primary, Goldwurm, Andrea, primary, Jackson, Brian, primary, Jonker, Peter, primary, Kilbourne, Caroline, primary, Macculi, Claudio, primary, Mendez, Mariano, primary, Molendi, Silvano, primary, Orleanski, Piotr, primary, Pajot, Francois, primary, Pointecouteau, Etienne, primary, Porter, Frédéric, primary, Pratt, Gabriel, primary, Prele, Damien, primary, Ravera, Laurent, primary, Sato, Kosuke, primary, Schaye, Joop, primary, Shinozaki, Keisuke, primary, Thibert, Tanguy, primary, Valenziano, Luca, primary, Valette, Véronique, primary, Vink, Jacco, primary, Webb, Natalie, primary, Wise, Michael, primary, Yamasaki, Noriko, primary, Douchin, Françoise, primary, Mesnager, Jean-Michel, primary, Pontet, Bernard, primary, Pradines, Alice, primary, Branduardi-Raymont, Graziella, primary, Bulbul, Esra, primary, Dadina, Mauro, primary, Ettori, Stefano, primary, Finoguenov, Alexis, primary, Fukazawa, Yasushi, primary, Janiuk, Agnieszka, primary, Kaastra, Jelle, primary, Mazzotta, Pasquale, primary, Miller, Jon, primary, Miniutti, Giovanni, primary, Naze, Yael, primary, Nicastro, Fabrizio, primary, Scioritino, Salavtore, primary, Simonescu, Aurora, primary, Torrejon, Jose-Miguel, primary, Frezouls, Benoit, primary, Geoffray, Hervé, primary, Peille, Philippe, primary, Aicardi, Corinne, primary, André, Jérôme, primary, Daniel, Christophe, primary, Clénet, Antoine, primary, Etcheverry, Christophe, primary, Gloaguen, Emilie, primary, Hervet, Gilles, primary, Jolly, Antoine, primary, Ledot, Aurélien, primary, Paillet, Irwin, primary, Schmisser, Roseline, primary, Vella, Bruno, primary, Damery, Jean-Charles, primary, Boyce, Kevin, primary, Dipirro, Mike, primary, Lotti, Simone, primary, Schwander, Denis, primary, Smith, Stephen, primary, Van Leeuwen, Bert, primary, van Weers, Henk, primary, Clerc, Nicolas, primary, Cobo, Beatriz, primary, Dauser, Thomas, primary, Kirsch, Christian, primary, Cucchetti, Edoardo, primary, Eckart, Megan, primary, Ferrando, Philippe, primary, and Natalucci, Lorenzo, primary

Published
2018
Full Text
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11. The Athena X-ray Integral Field Unit (X-IFU)

Author

Barret, Didier, additional, Lam Trong, Thien, additional, den Herder, Jan-Willem, additional, Piro, Luigi, additional, Barcons, Xavier, additional, Huovelin, Juhani, additional, Kelley, Richard, additional, Mas-Hesse, J. Miguel, additional, Mitsuda, Kazuhisa, additional, Paltani, Stéphane, additional, Rauw, Gregor, additional, Rożanska, Agata, additional, Wilms, Joern, additional, Barbera, Marco, additional, Bozzo, Enrico, additional, Ceballos, Maria Teresa, additional, Charles, Ivan, additional, Decourchelle, Anne, additional, den Hartog, Roland, additional, Duval, Jean-Marc, additional, Fiore, Fabrizio, additional, Gatti, Flavio, additional, Goldwurm, Andrea, additional, Jackson, Brian, additional, Jonker, Peter, additional, Kilbourne, Caroline, additional, Macculi, Claudio, additional, Mendez, Mariano, additional, Molendi, Silvano, additional, Orleanski, Piotr, additional, Pajot, François, additional, Pointecouteau, Etienne, additional, Porter, Frederick, additional, Pratt, Gabriel W., additional, Prêle, Damien, additional, Ravera, Laurent, additional, Renotte, Etienne, additional, Schaye, Joop, additional, Shinozaki, Keisuke, additional, Valenziano, Luca, additional, Vink, Jacco, additional, Webb, Natalie, additional, Yamasaki, Noriko, additional, Delcelier-Douchin, Françoise, additional, Le Du, Michel, additional, Mesnager, Jean-Michel, additional, Pradines, Alice, additional, Branduardi-Raymont, Graziella, additional, Dadina, Mauro, additional, Finoguenov, Alexis, additional, Fukazawa, Yasushi, additional, Janiuk, Agnieszka, additional, Miller, Jon, additional, Nazé, Yaël, additional, Nicastro, Fabrizio, additional, Sciortino, Salvatore, additional, Torrejon, Jose Miguel, additional, Geoffray, Hervé, additional, Hernandez, Isabelle, additional, Luno, Laure, additional, Peille, Philippe, additional, André, Jérôme, additional, Daniel, Christophe, additional, Etcheverry, Christophe, additional, Gloaguen, Emilie, additional, Hassin, Jérémie, additional, Hervet, Gilles, additional, Maussang, Irwin, additional, Moueza, Jérôme, additional, Paillet, Alexis, additional, Vella, Bruno, additional, Campos Garrido, Gonzalo, additional, Damery, Jean-Charles, additional, Panem, Chantal, additional, Panh, Johan, additional, Bandler, Simon, additional, Biffi, Jean-Marc, additional, Boyce, Kevin, additional, Clénet, Antoine, additional, DiPirro, Michael, additional, Jamotton, Pierre, additional, Lotti, Simone, additional, Schwander, Denis, additional, Smith, Stephen, additional, van Leeuwen, Bert-Joost, additional, van Weers, Henk, additional, Brand, Thorsten, additional, Cobo, Beatriz, additional, Dauser, Thomas, additional, de Plaa, Jelle, additional, and Cucchetti, Edoardo, additional

Published
2016
Full Text
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12. The ATHENA X-ray Integral Field Unit (X-IFU)

Author

den Herder, Jan-Willem A., Nikzad, Shouleh, Nakazawa, Kazuhiro, Barret, Didier, Lam Trong, Thien, den Herder, Jan-Willem, Piro, Luigi, Cappi, Massimo, Houvelin, Juhani, Kelley, Richard, Mas-Hesse, J. Miguel, Mitsuda, Kazuhisa, Paltani, Stéphane, Rauw, Gregor, Rozanska, Agata, Wilms, Joern, Bandler, Simon, Barbera, Marco, Barcons, Xavier, Bozzo, Enrico, Ceballos, Maria Teresa, Charles, Ivan, Costantini, Elisa, Decourchelle, Anne, den Hartog, Roland, Duband, Lionel, Duval, Jean-Marc, Fiore, Fabrizio, Gatti, Flavio, Goldwurm, Andrea, Jackson, Brian, Jonker, Peter, Kilbourne, Caroline, Macculi, Claudio, Mendez, Mariano, Molendi, Silvano, Orleanski, Piotr, Pajot, François, Pointecouteau, Etienne, Porter, Frederick, Pratt, Gabriel W., Prêle, Damien, Ravera, Laurent, Sato, Kosuke, Schaye, Joop, Shinozaki, Keisuke, Thibert, Tanguy, Valenziano, Luca, Valette, Véronique, Vink, Jacco, Webb, Natalie, Wise, Michael, Yamasaki, Noriko, Douchin, Françoise, Mesnager, Jean-Michel, Pontet, Bernard, Pradines, Alice, Branduardi-Raymont, Graziella, Bulbul, Esra, Dadina, Mauro, Ettori, Stefano, Finoguenov, Alexis, Fukazawa, Yasushi, Janiuk, Agnieszka, Kaastra, Jelle, Mazzotta, Pasquale, Miller, Jon, Miniutti, Giovanni, Naze, Yael, Nicastro, Fabrizio, Scioritino, Salavtore, Simonescu, Aurora, Torrejon, Jose Miguel, Frezouls, Benoit, Geoffray, Hervé, Peille, Philippe, Aicardi, Corinne, André, Jérôme, Daniel, Christophe, Clénet, Antoine, Etcheverry, Christophe, Gloaguen, Emilie, Hervet, Gilles, Jolly, Antoine, Ledot, Aurélien, Paillet, Irwin, Schmisser, Roseline, Vella, Bruno, Damery, Jean-Charles, Boyce, Kevin, Dipirro, Mike, Lotti, Simone, Schwander, Denis, Smith, Stephen, Van Leeuwen, Bert-Joost, van Weers, Henk, Clerc, Nicolas, Cobo, Beatriz, Dauser, Thomas, Kirsch, Christian, Cucchetti, Edoardo, Eckart, Megan, Ferrando, Philippe, and Natalucci, Lorenzo

Published
2018
Full Text
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13. The Athena X-ray Integral Field Unit (X-IFU)

Author

den Herder, Jan-Willem A., Takahashi, Tadayuki, Bautz, Marshall, Barret, Didier, Lam Trong, Thien, den Herder, Jan-Willem, Piro, Luigi, Barcons, Xavier, Huovelin, Juhani, Kelley, Richard, Mas-Hesse, J. Miguel, Mitsuda, Kazuhisa, Paltani, Stéphane, Rauw, Gregor, Rożanska, Agata, Wilms, Joern, Barbera, Marco, Bozzo, Enrico, Ceballos, Maria Teresa, Charles, Ivan, Decourchelle, Anne, den Hartog, Roland, Duval, Jean-Marc, Fiore, Fabrizio, Gatti, Flavio, Goldwurm, Andrea, Jackson, Brian, Jonker, Peter, Kilbourne, Caroline, Macculi, Claudio, Mendez, Mariano, Molendi, Silvano, Orleanski, Piotr, Pajot, François, Pointecouteau, Etienne, Porter, Frederick, Pratt, Gabriel W., Prêle, Damien, Ravera, Laurent, Renotte, Etienne, Schaye, Joop, Shinozaki, Keisuke, Valenziano, Luca, Vink, Jacco, Webb, Natalie, Yamasaki, Noriko, Delcelier-Douchin, Françoise, Le Du, Michel, Mesnager, Jean-Michel, Pradines, Alice, Branduardi-Raymont, Graziella, Dadina, Mauro, Finoguenov, Alexis, Fukazawa, Yasushi, Janiuk, Agnieszka, Miller, Jon, Nazé, Yaël, Nicastro, Fabrizio, Sciortino, Salvatore, Torrejon, Jose Miguel, Geoffray, Hervé, Hernandez, Isabelle, Luno, Laure, Peille, Philippe, André, Jérôme, Daniel, Christophe, Etcheverry, Christophe, Gloaguen, Emilie, Hassin, Jérémie, Hervet, Gilles, Maussang, Irwin, Moueza, Jérôme, Paillet, Alexis, Vella, Bruno, Campos Garrido, Gonzalo, Damery, Jean-Charles, Panem, Chantal, Panh, Johan, Bandler, Simon, Biffi, Jean-Marc, Boyce, Kevin, Clénet, Antoine, DiPirro, Michael, Jamotton, Pierre, Lotti, Simone, Schwander, Denis, Smith, Stephen, van Leeuwen, Bert-Joost, van Weers, Henk, Brand, Thorsten, Cobo, Beatriz, Dauser, Thomas, de Plaa, Jelle, and Cucchetti, Edoardo

Published
2016
Full Text
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