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Toyotarity means the improvement of quality, decrease of production costs and production time, increase of safety and morale. With the help of tools of toyotarity strategic factors can be determined, production or service problems can be revealed. In this paper tools of toyotarity are obtained to analyse the driving factors of Hungarian vehicle fleet and car renewal. Product analysis was conducted on the basis of wavetheory.

In the automotive industry the use of modern technology and provision of the highest quality product and related services is the most important element of rivalry between global corporations and motorcycles. In a competitive struggle for the recognition of its brand in the automotive market, global organizations continuously raise the requirements for quality management systems, so that the finished prod-uct meets all the standards in terms of safety and quality and satisfies the ever-growing needs of customers - present and future drivers and passengers of cars. ISO/TS 16949 quality management system is presented in this paper. The framework for customer specific requirement is illustrated as well as prevention of problems.

Emissions from road vehicles are playing an important role in air quality which has a significant impact on human health. Pollut-ant emissions have to be precisely determined to ensure that air quality plans are designed and realized properly. Vehicle emissions stan-dards, and associated improvements in fuel quality, have been shown internationally to be the most cost-effective measures to reduce urban air pollution from the road transport sector. So far, nonvolatile particle mass (PM) has been used as a measure to measure and limit vehicle emission. Further significant reductions in emission limits couldn’t be achieved, therefore new measurement methods had to be introduced. The European Commission introduced a limit for nonvolatile particle number (PN) emission. 23 nm for new light-duty (LD) vehicles in 2011 and similar legislation for new heavy-duty (HD) vehicles in 2012. Measuring particle number is not possible with the equipment used to measure particle mass, therefore new investments are needed for the EURO VI measurements. The authors of this article have analysed the development tendencies.

Everything in the world is about risk, from individual decisions to global manipulations, which is of fundamental importance in a nuclear power plant environment. The question is whether, in a given situation, this risk is acceptable or no longer acceptable. In some respects, the risk analysis applied to construction projects differs from the risk analysis applied to nuclear installations. For nuclear installations, the risk as such is nuclear risk. Primary safety is nuclear safety. Secondarily, we talk about other risks, for each of which it must be assessed whether there is an impact on nuclear safety. In view of this, for investments involving a nuclear installation, the risk analysis to be carried out must be carried out at two separate levels. In the case of civil engineering works in the immediate vicinity of a nuclear installation, it is particularly important to analyse the construction risks. The main problem for a nuclear installation is the unequal subsidence, which causes the building to tilt. The primary objective is to determine the value of the expected settlement, which forms the basis for an accurate determination of the risks. The first level is the traditional construction risk analysis, and then as a second level, each risk item should be classified from a nuclear risk point of view. In this paper, we present the nuclear exposure of construction risks and the possibility of mitigating these risks through a real-time monitoring system.

Abstract Background Biomechanical remodeling of coronary resistance arteries in physiological left ventricular hypertrophy has not yet been analyzed, and the possible sex differences are unknown. Methods Wistar rats were divided into four groups: male and female sedentary controls (MSe and FSe) and male and female animals undergoing a 12-week intensive swim training program (MEx and FEx). On the last day, the in vitro contractility, endothelium-dependent dilatation, and biomechanical properties of the intramural coronary resistance arteries were investigated by pressure microarteriography. Elastica and collagen remodeling were studied in histological sections. Results A similar outer radius and reduced inner radius resulted in an elevated wall to lumen ratio in the MEx and FEx animals compared to that in the sedentary controls. The wall elastic moduli increased in the MEx and FEx rats. Spontaneous and TxA2 agonist-induced tone was increased in the FEx animals, whereas endothelium-dependent relaxation became more effective in MEx rats. Arteries of FEx rats had stronger contraction, while arteries of MEx animals had improved dilation. Conclusions According to our results, the coronary arterioles adapted to an elevated load during long-term exercise, and this adaptation depended on sex. It is important to emphasize that in addition to differences, we also found many similarities between the sexes in the adaptive response to exercise. The observed sport adaptation in the coronary resistance arteries of rats may contribute to a better understanding of the physiological and pathological function of these arteries in active and retired athletes of different sexes.

In 2016, a Stollhof-type copper hoard was found during an excavation in Magyaregres, Hungary. It was placed in a cooking pot, and deposited upside down within the boundaries of an Early Copper Age settlement. Similar hoards dating to the end of the 5th millennium BCE are well-known from Central Europe, however, this hoard represents the only one so far with thoroughly documented finding circumstances. The hoard contained 681 pieces of copper, 264 pieces of stone and a single Spondylus bead, along with 19 pieces of small tubular spiral copper coils, three spiral copper bracelets, and two large, spectacle spiral copper pendants. Until now, information on the provenance of raw materials and how such copper artefacts were manufactured has not been available. The artefacts were studied under optical microscopes to reveal the manufacturing process. Trace elemental composition (HR-ICP-MS) and lead isotope ratios (MC-ICP-MS) were measured to explore the provenance of raw materials. The ornaments were rolled or folded and coiled from thin sheets of copper using fahlore copper probably originating from the Northwestern Carpathians. A complex archaeological approach was employed to reveal the provenance, distribution and the social roles the ornaments could have played in the life of a Copper Age community. Evidence for local metallurgy was lacking in contemporaneous Transdanubian sites, therefore it is likely that the items of the hoard were manufactured closer to the raw material source, prior to being transported to Transdanubia as finished products. The method of deposition implies that such items were associated with special social contexts, represented exceptional values, and the context of deposition was also highly prescribed. The Magyaregres hoard serves as the first firm piece of evidence for the existence of a typologically independent Central European metallurgical circle which exploited the raw material sources located within its distribution.

SummaryPurpose??We investigated in a surgical rat model of vascular injury the potential role of the peroxynitrite ? poly(ADPribose) polymerase (PARP) pathway in inflammatory response and apoptosis induction after vascular gamma irradiation.Methods??Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent left carotid endarterectomy with removal of intima: control (n = 10) and were irradiated with 15 Gray (n = 13) or 20 Gray (n = 10) postoperatively and compared with sham-operated rats (n = 10). Additional animals were solely irradiated with 15 Gy (n = 10) and with 20 Gy (n = 10) to distinguish between primary effects of vascular injury and secondary effects due to irradiation.Results??After 21 days, neointima formation was significantly suppressed after irradiation (control: 0.07 mm2? 0.04 mm2, 15 Gy: 0.003 mm2? 0.004 mm2, 20 Gy: 0.001 mm2? 0.0006 mm2,PP= 0.003). Immunohistochemistry showed significant staining for nitrotyrosine, poly(ADP-ribose) and nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor in the neointima of the control group. In the irradiated groups these stainings were significantly higher in the media and adventitia compared to the non-irradiated groups.Conclusion??Activation of the peroxynitrite-PARP pathway was demonstrated during neointima proliferation in a rat model of surgical vascular injury. Vascular irradiation suppressed neointima formation, but induced significant activation of the peroxynitrite ? PARP pathway in the outer vessel wall layers concomitant to inflammation and focal wall necrosis. This may contribute to adverse effects of vascular irradiation such as fibrosis and constrictive remodeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare primary neuroendocrine cutaneous tumor, rarely metastasizing to the brain. Chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL) is a disease predisposing to MCC. According to previous reports, headache and focal neurological deficits suggest disease progression to the brain. We present a patient with MCC whose seizure was not elicited by a cerebral metastasis, but by bone metastases compressing the brain. Case Presentation. A 62-year-old female patient had a history of CLL. A lesion with the appearance of an atheroma was removed from the right upper arm. Histology confirmed the diagnosis of MCC. She was admitted to the neurology department with her first GM seizure. The cranial MRI/MRA showed bone metastases in the right parietal and both frontal areas, compressing the brain. Flow cytometry of CSF did not reveal metastasis of MCC. Conclusions. The case history of the patient was unique even among the rare cases of MCC with neurological involvement. The seizure was not elicited by a cerebral metastasis, but by bone metastases compressing the brain. In addition to patient history, clinical presentation and radiological findings enabled a suspected diagnosis of skull metastasis of MCC compressing the brain, causing symptomatic epileptic seizures.

Objectives: Air quality in the stables is characterized by elevated level of dust and aeroallergens which are supposed to directly cause or exacerbate several respiratory disorders. The most often recognized problem is recurrent airway obstruction (RAO), previously known as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). There is some indication that aeroallergens (among them endotoxins) may also cause inflammation in human airways and may exceed safe levels in stables. Monitoring studies have covered mainly the determination of the concentration of respirable particles and of culturable fungi and their toxins. However, these particles do not only directly affect the respiratory system, but might act as a carrier conveying toxic contaminants and biological agents such as bacteria. In a typical, 20-horse Hungarian stable, microbial community of respirable fraction of resuspended dust has been characterized to reveal if these particles convey hazardous pathogenic bacteria, posing risk to either horses or staff. Material and Methods: Resuspended dust was sampled using a mobile instrument. The instrument contains a PARTISOL-FRM model 2000 sampler that was operated at a flow rate of 16.7 l/min and a cyclone separator which collected the particulate matter with an aerodynamic size between 1 μm and 10 μm (PM1–10) fraction. Microbial taxa were identified by culture-independent next generation sequencing (NGS) of variable 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene regions. Results: In total, 1491 different taxa were identified, of them 384 were identified to species level, 961 to genus level. The sample was dominated by common ubiquitous soil and organic material-dwelling taxa. Conclusions: Pathogens occurred at low abundance, and were represented by mostly facultative human pathogens, with the prevalence of Staphylococcus species.

Hyperandrogenism is a risk factor of cerebrovascular diseases as androgens can alter markedly the regulation of cerebrovascular tone. We examined the combined impact of androgen excess and vitamin D deficiency (VDD), a common co-morbidity in hyperandrogenic disorders, on remodeling and testosterone-induced vascular responses of anterior cerebral arteries (ACA) in order to evaluate the interplay between androgens and VDD in the cerebral vasculature. Male and female Wistar rats were either fed with vitamin D deficient or vitamin D supplemented diet. Half of the female animals from both groups received transdermal testosterone treatment. After 8 weeks, vessel lumen, wall thickness and testosterone-induced vascular tone of isolated ACA were determined using pressure microangiometry and histological examination. Androgen receptor protein expression in the wall of cerebral arteries was examined using immunohistochemistry. In female rats only combined VDD and testosterone treatment decreased the lumen and increased the wall thickness of ACA. In males, however VDD by itself was able to decrease the lumen and increase the wall thickness. Vascular reactivity showed similar alterations: in females, testosterone constricted the ACA only after combined VDD and hyperandrogenism, whereas in males VDD resulted in increased testosterone-induced contractions in spite of decreased androgen receptor expression. In conclusion, a marked interplay between hyperandrogenism and VDD results in inward remodeling and enhanced testosterone-induced constrictions of cerebral arteries, which might compromise the cerebral circulation and thus, increase the risk of stroke in the long term. In addition, the early cerebrovascular manifestation of VDD appears to require androgen excess and thus, depends on gender.

Abstract of PhD thesis submitted in 2013 to the Archaeology Doctoral Programme, Doctoral School of History, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest under the supervision of Tivadar Vida.

A szerző áttekintést nyújt arról, hogyan alkalmazzák a büntetőjogi felelősségre vonás elévülési idejét a magyar jogi gyakorlatban.

Nowadays low temperature co-fired ceramics (further on: LTCC) are used in sensor technology as sensors and actuators. Sensors and actuators are playing an important role in intelligent road vehicles. These sensors and actuators are built up by LTCC Microsystems. The processing of starch powder and polymer based on sacrificial layer for fabrication of microfluidic structures of LTCC is described in this paper. In order to determine the optimal lamination parameters the quality of the structure was examined for 30 different temperature-pressure-time adjustments. Samples were examined by scanning acoustic microscope to detect the subsurface delamination and internal inhomogenities. The acoustic microscopic image of each sample from different lamination method was evaluated by image processing algorithm in MATLAB environment.

Climate, hydrology and vegetation are closely linked at local, regional and global scales. The recent land use and plant production systems are adapted to the present climatic conditions. Thus, studies on the influence of possible climate change scenarios on the water and heat regimes of the soil-plant-atmosphere system are important in order to work out plant production strategies, adjusted to changed conditions. In this study the effect of two possible climate change scenarios on the soil water regime of a Chernozem soil was estimated for a Hungarian site. Soil water content dynamics simulated for different conventional and soil conserving soil tillage systems were evaluated, using the SWAP soil water balance simulation model. The combined effect of different soil tillage systems and climate scenarios was analysed. Climate scenarios were represented through the cumulative probability function of the annual precipitation sum. The SWAP model was calibrated against the measured in the representative soil profiles soil water content data. The site- and soil-specific parameters were set and kept constant during the scenario studies. According to the simulation results, increase in the average growing season temperature showed increase in climate induced soil drought sensitivity. The evaluated soil water content dynamics indicated more variable and less predictable soil water regime compared to the present climate. It was found that appropriate soil tillage systems that are combined with mulching and ensure soil loosening could reliably decrease water losses from the soil. From this aspect cultivator treatment created the most favourable for the plants soil conditions. It was concluded that soil conserving soil management systems, adapted to local conditions could contribute to soil moisture conservation and could increase the amount of plant available water under changing climatic conditions.