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Copyright of Medicina (Buenos Aires) is the property of Medicina (Buenos Aires) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction and Objective: To describe the demographic and clinical characteristics and treatment of patients with spinal gunshot wounds across Latin America., Material and Methods: Retrospective, multicenter cohort study of patients treated for gunshot wounds to the spine spanning 12 institutions across Latin America between January 2015 and January 2022. Demographic and clinical data were recorded, including the time of injury, initial assessment, characteristics of the vertebral gunshot injury, and treatment., Results: Data on 423 patients with spinal gunshot injuries were extracted from institutions in Mexico (82%), Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, and Venezuela. Patients were predominantly male civilians in low-risk-of-violence professions, and of lower/middle social status, and a sizeable majority of gunshots were from low-energy firearms. Vertebral injuries mainly affected the thoracic and lumbar spine. Neurological injury was documented in n=320 (76%) patients, with spinal cord injuries in 269 (63%). Treatment was largely conservative, with just 90 (21%) patients treated surgically, principally using posterior open midline approach to the spine (n=79; 87%). Injury features distinguishing surgical from non-surgical cases were neurological compromise (p=0.004), canal compromise (p<0.001), dirty wounds (p<0.001), bullet or bone fragment remains in the spinal canal (p<0.001) and injury pattern (p<0.001). After a multivariate analysis through a binary logistic regression model, the aforementioned variables remained statistically significant except neurological compromise., Conclusions: In this multicenter study of spinal gunshot victims, most were treated non-surgically, despite neurological injury in 76% and spinal injury in 63% of patients., (Copyright © 2023. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U.)

Introducción: La satisfacción estudiantil con los programas académicos es importante en la educación médica, para crear futuros galenos competentes. No hay estudios latinoamericanos multicéntricos que determinen sus factores asociados, pare mejorar el currículo médico. Objetivo: Determinar el porcentaje y factores asociados a la satisfacción estudiantil con docentes, infraestructura e investigación en 9 escuelas médicas latinoamericanas. Métodos: Estudio transversal descriptivo de datos secundarios obtenidos mediante cuestionario administrado a estudiantes de medicina de 9 universidades latinoamericanas; indagó variables socioeducativas y la satisfacción estudiantil respecto a docentes, infraestructura e investigación de las universidades. Para el análisis se usaron modelos lineales generalizados. Resultados: De 2 649 encuestados, 57 % eran mujeres con mediana de 22 años. Menos del 50 % estuvo satisfecho con infraestructura e investigación; solo frente a docencia hubo 66 % de satisfacción; Colombia fue el de mayor satisfacción con los docentes, con 82 % de encuestados satisfechos, mientras que Chile fue el país más satisfecho respecto a la infraestructura e investigación universitaria, con 67 % y 68 %, respectivamente. Estudiar en universidad privada se asoció a satisfacción con docentes (p= 0,002), infraestructura (p= 0,001) e investigación (p= 0,018), esta última mayor en mujeres (p= 0,033), pero menor en quienes sentían que les alcanzaba el dinero del mes (p= 0,001). Conclusiones: La satisfacción médico-estudiantil en universidades latinoamericanas tiende hacia la baja, están más satisfechos los de universidades privadas, tienen mayor satisfacción frente a la investigación las mujeres y menor quienes sienten que les alcanza el dinero hasta fin de mes.

Introduction: Student satisfaction with academic programs is important in medical education to create future competent doctors. There are not multicenter Latin American studies that determine its factors related, to improve medical curricula. Objective: To determine the percentage and factors associated with student satisfaction with teachers, infrastructure, and research in 9 Latin American medical schools. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study of secondary data obtained through an administered questionnaire to medical students from 9 Latin American universities between 2016-2017, which inquired about socio-educational variables and student satisfaction regarding teachers, infrastructure, and university research. Generalized Linear Models-GLM was used for the analysis. Results: Of 2 649 surveyed, 57% were women, the median was 22 years. Less than 50% were satisfied with infrastructure and research, only compared to teaching there was 66% satisfaction, Colombia ranking as the one with the highest satisfaction with teachers, with 82% of satisfied respondents, while Chile was the most satisfied country regarding infrastructure and university research with 67% and 68%, respectively. Studying at a private university was associated with teacher satisfaction (p= 0.002), infrastructure (p= 0.001) and research (p= 0.018), the latter was higher in women (p= 0.033), but lower in those who felt that the money of the month was reaching them (p= 0.001). Conclusions: Medical-student satisfaction with Latin American universities is tending downward, with those studying at private universities being more satisfied, women having greater satisfaction with research and less for those who feel that they have enough money until the end of the month.

Introduction. Acute appendicitis is the most frequent cause of acute abdomen in children. The objective of this study was to analyze the causes, approach, and results of complications requiring surgery following appendectomy. Materials and methods. A retrospective study of the appendectomies conducted in three third-level institutions from 2015 to 2019 was carried out. Complications, causes, and number of re-interventions, time from one surgery to another, surgical technique used, operative findings at baseline appendectomy according to the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) classification, and hospital stay were collected. Results. 3,698 appendicitis cases underwent surgery, 76.7% of which laparoscopically, with 37.2% being advanced (grades II-V of the AAST classification). Mean operating time was 50.4 minutes (49.8 ± 20.1 for laparoscopy vs. 49.9 ± 20.1 for open surgery, p > 0.05), and longer in patients requiring re-intervention (68.6 ± 27.2 vs. 49.1 ± 19.3, p < 0.001). 76 re-interventions (2.05%) were carried out. The causes included postoperative infection (n = 46), intestinal obstruction (n = 20), dehiscence (n = 4), and others (n = 6). Re-intervention risk was not impacted by the baseline approach used (open surgery or laparoscopy, OR: 1.044, 95% CI: 0.57-1.9), but it was by appendicitis progression (7.8% advanced vs. 0.7% incipient, OR: 12.52, 95% CI: 6.18-25.3). There was a tendency to use the same approach both at baseline appendectomy and re-intervention. This occurred in 72.2% of laparoscopic appendectomies, and in 67.7% of open appendectomies. The minimally invasive approach (50/76) was more frequent than the open one (27 laparoscopies and 23 ultrasound-guided drainages vs. 26 open surgeries) (p < 0.05). 55% of obstruction patients underwent re-intervention through open surgery (p > 0.05). Conclusion. Re-intervention rate was higher in advanced appendicitis cases. In this series, the minimally invasive approach (laparoscopic or ultrasound-guided drainage) was the technique of choice for re-interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción: la mayoría de las investigaciones muestran la situación de los recursos humanos del sistema de salud en países primermundistas, por lo que es necesario caracterizar nuestra realidad latinoamericana en ste aspecto. Objetivo: caracterizar el tipo de trabajo y la formación de posgrado de los recursos humanos del área de salud en ocho países de Latinoamérica. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo a través de encuestas autoaplicadas sobre las características de los centros de labores y capacitaciones de posgrado que se han tenido. Resultados: de las 1.283 personas que respondieron la encuesta, el 87,1 % laboraba en un hospital (salario promedio mensual: 840 dólares), el 23,3 % también lo hacía en una clínica (salario promedio mensual: 1.200 dólares). Además, solo el 20,5 % trabajaba en un establecimiento del primer nivel de atención (salario promedio mensual: 420 dólares). El 31,2 % había realizado un curso de posgrado, el 23,2 % un diplomado, el 17,8 % una maestría y, el 5,1 %, un doctorado. Conclusiones: los recursos humanos en salud trabajan principalmente en hospitales con sueldos diferentes según el lugar donde laboran. Los médicos son los que tienen mayor remuneración, pero en el sector privado las diferencias son menos marcadas. Menos de la tercera parte han hecho cursos u otras actividades académicas culminadas hace ya varios años. Esto sirve para la mejora de las características laborales y de capacitación.

Introducción. El objetivo de este estudio es conocer la sensibilidad antibiótica de Pseudomonas aeruginosa productora de enfermedad invasiva en Galicia en 2013/2014, en el marco del Estudio de Vigilancia de las Resistencias Antimicrobianas. Métodos. Se analizaron 357 aislamientos de P. aeruginosa en muestras de sangre o LCR en 9 hospitales de Galicia. Las variables fueron: procedencia, datos demográficos, tipo de muestra y sensibilidad antibiótica. Se usaron puntos de corte de CLSI. Para cada antibiótico se analizaron frecuencias, casos/100.000 habitantes, concordancia de la resistencia y diferencias entre hospitales, sexo y edad. Resultados. El sexo predominante fue el masculino y la no sensibilidad superior en el grupo de 45 a 64 años con diferencias significativas a ciprofloxacino, imipenem, tobramicina y colistina. La no sensibilidad global: piperacilina/tazobactam 18%, ciprofloxacino 28'7%, ceftazidima 17'1%, cefepime 19'7%, imipenem 23'1%, meropenem 22'1%, tobramicina 13'0%; amikacina, 7'3% y colistina 4'4%. Los casos/100.000 habitantes fueron superiores en hombres según aumenta la edad. Sin analizar la colistina, el 57'1% de los aislamientos fueron sensibles a los otros grupos estudiados (piperacilina/tazobactam, quinolonas, ceftazidima, aminoglucósidos, carbapenems), el 19'4% fueron no sensibles a un antibiótico, 12'2% a dos, el 3'7% a tres, el 5'1% a cuatro y el 2'0% a todos los analizados. Conclusiones. De los antibióticos evaluados, los más activos frente a P. aeruginosa fueron amikacina y colistina. Nuestros datos concuerdan con lo observado a nivel nacional, excepto para colistina. Deben evaluarse periódicamente patrones de sensibilidad de P. aeruginosa en cada zona y cada hospital para poder valorar las diferentes pautas terapéuticas. SUMMARY Introduction. The aim of this study is to understand the nature of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa antibiotic sensitivity, producer of invasive infections in Galicia in 2013/2014., within the framework of the Study of Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance. Methods. A total of 357 isolates of P. aeruginosa were studied in blood or CSF samples from 9 hospitals in Galicia. The variables were: origin, demographic data, type os sample and antibiotic sensitivity. CLSI sensitivity breakpoints were used. Frecuencies, rates/100.000 inhabitants, concordance of resistance and differences between hospitals, sex and age were calculated for each antibiotic. Results. The majority of patients were male and the not-sensitives was superior in the age group 45 to 64 with significant differences to ciprofloxacin, imipenem, tobramycin and colistin. The overall not-sensitive isolates was: piperacillin/tazobactam 18%, ciprofloxacin 28.7%, ceftazidime 17.1%, cefepime 19.7%, imipenem 23.1%, meropenem 22.1%, tobramycin 13.0%, amikacin 7.3% and colistin 4.4%. Rates per100,000 population are higher in men and with increasing age. Without analyzing colistin, the 57.1% of the isolates were sensitives to other antibiotics studied (piperacillin/tazobactam, quinolone, ceftazidime, aminoglycosides, carbapenems), 19.4% were not-susceptible to only one antibiotic, 12. 2% to two, 3.7% to three, 5.1% to four and 2.0% to all antibiotics tested. Conclusions. Of the antibiotics tested, the most susceptible to P. aeruginosa were amikacin and colistin. Our data are consistent with the observed ones nationwide except colistin. Sensitivity patterns of P. aeruginosa should be evaluated in each area and hospital and also periodically to be able to evaluate the differents treatment regimens.

Introduction: Knowledge of adverse events (AE) in acute care hospitals is a particularly relevant aspect of patient safety. Its incidence ranges from 3% to 17%, and surgery is related to the occurrence of 46%-65% of all AE., Material and Methods: An observational, descriptive, retrospective, multicenter study was conducted with the participation of 31 Spanish acute-care hospitals to determine and analyze AE in general surgery services., Results: The prevalence of AE was 31.53%. The most frequent types of AE were infectious (35%). Higher ASA grades, greater complexity and urgent-type admission are factors associated with the presence of AE. The majority of patients (58.42%) were attributed a category F event (temporary harm to the patient requiring initial or prolonged hospitalization); 14.69% of AE were considered severe, while 34.22% of AE were considered preventable., Conclusions: The prevalence of AE in General and GI Surgery (GGIS) patients is high. Most AE were infectious, and the most frequent AE was surgical site infection. Higher ASA grades, greater complexity and urgent-type admission are factors associated with the presence of AE. Most detected AE resulted in mild or moderate harm to the patients. About one-third of AE were preventable., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U.)

Copyright of Archivos de Bronconeumología (English Edition) is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Neumologia y Cirugia Toracica (SEPAR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The objective of this study was to describe the current practice regarding the preparation of the sedation–analgesia (SA) procedures performed in the paediatric emergency centres in Spain. Material and methods: A multicentre, observational and prospective analytical study was carried out on the SA procedures that were performed on children under 18 years old in 18 paediatric emergency departments between February 2015 and January 2016. Results: A total of 658 SA procedures were registered in 18 hospitals of Spain, most of them to children older than 24 months. The type of the procedure was: simple analgesia in 57 (8.6%), sedation in 44 (6.7%), SA for a not very painful procedure in 275 (41.8%), and SA for a very painful procedure in 282 (42.9%). Informed consent was requested in 98.6% of the cases. The written form was more frequently preferred in the group of patients that received SA for a very painful procedure (76.6%) in comparison to a painful procedure or to simple analgesia (62.9% and 54.4%, respectively, p

Copyright of Galicia Clínica is the property of Sociedad Gallega de Medicina Interna and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Saúde Pública is the property of Faculdade de Educacao da Universidade de Sao Paulo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This report examines the challenges of conducting a multicenter, cross-sectional study of countries with diverse cultures, and shares the lessons learned. The Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (ELANS) was used as a feasibility study involving the most populous cities of eight countries in Latin America (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela) in 2014-2015, about 40% of the population of the Americas. The target sample included 9 000 individuals, 15-65 years of age, and was stratified by geographic location (only urban areas), gender, age, and socioeconomic status. Six principal challenges were identified: team structuring and site selections; developing a single protocol; obtaining ethic approvals; completing simultaneous fieldwork; ensuring data quality; and extracting data and maintaining consistency across databases. Lessons learned show that harmonization, pilot study, uniformity of procedures, high data quality control, and communication and collaboration across sites are imperative. Barriers included organizational complexity, recruitment of collaborators and research staff, institutional cooperation, development of infrastructure, and identification of resources. Consensus on uniform measures and outcomes and data collection methodology, as well as a plan for data management and analysis, communication, publication, and dissemination of study results should be in place prior to beginning fieldwork. While challenging, such studies offer great potential for building a scientific base for studies on nutrition, physical activity, and other health topics, while facilitating comparisons among countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Salud Pública is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: Based on the European and American Cystic Fibrosis (CF) consensus recommendations, an increase in vitamin D (VD) supplementation in patients with CF and insufficient or defficient levels was proposed. The objective of our study was to determine the safety and efficacy of this new protocol., Material and Methods: Multicentre nonrandomized uncontrolled experimental study. Patients with insufficient levels (<30 ng/mL) received increasing doses of VD (between 800 and 10 000 IU/day). Patients were followed up for 12 months, during which their vitamin and nutritional status, pulmonary function and calcium and phosphate metabolism were assessed., Statistical Analysis: t test for paired data and multivariate logistic regression analysis., Results: Thirty patients aged 1-39 years (median, 9.1) completed the follow-up. Two patients were dropped from the study on account of 25-OH VD levels greater than 100 ng/mL at 3 months without clinical or laboratory signs of hypercalcaemia. At 12 months, we observed an increase of 7.6 ng/mL (95% CI, 4.6-10 ng/mL) in the mean 25-OH VD level and an improvement in vitamin status: 37% achieved levels of 30 ng/mL or greater, 50% levels between 20 and 30 ng/mL and 13% remained with levels of less than 20 ng/mL. We found no association between improved VD levels and pulmonary function., Conclusions: The proposed protocol achieved an increase in serum VD levels and a decrease in the percentage of patients with VD insufficiency, although it was still far from reaching the percentages of sufficiency recommended for this entity., (Copyright © 2023 Asociación Española de Pediatría. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Objetivo: Estudiar la prevalencia de infección tuberculosa latente (ITL) entre los presos internados en las prisiones españolas. Material y Método: Estudio multicéntrico, observacional y transversal; muestreo por conglomerado bietápico. Se recogieron variables sociodemográficas, penitenciarias y clínico-serológicas. Se realizó análisis univariante, bivariante y multivariante mediante regresión logística con las variables que mostraron significación estadística. Se calculó la odds ratio con intervalo de confianza del 95%. Resultados: 378 pacientes. Se dispuso de intradermorreacción de Mantoux (IDRM) valorable en el 90,2%. 91,2% hombres, 37,8% extranjeros con edad media de 35,9±10,3 años. Mediana de estancia en prisión: 2 años y el 28,7% había estado > 5 años en prisión. El 49,6% ingresó en prisión en 2006 o antes. El 24,5% tenía antecedentes de uso de drogas intravenosas (UDI). El 50,4% presentaba ITL que se asoció a: edad > 40 años (63,2 vs 43,8%; IC: 1,39-3,49; OR: 2,20; p=0,001); haber estado > 5 años en prisión (71,2 vs 41,3%; IC: 2,13-5,75; OR: 3,50; p 40 años (OR:1,76; IC: 1,08-2,87; p=0,024); y b) estancia > 5 años en prisión (OR: 2,50; IC: 1,41-4,43; p=0,002). Conclusiones: La prevalencia de ITL en prisión es muy alta, sobre todo en los mayores de 40 años y los que están más de cinco años en prisión. Para evitar el riesgo de progresión a tuberculosis, se recomienda tratar a los infectados que lo precisen y mantener los programas de control de esta patología.Aims: To study the prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) amongst inmates in Spanish prisons. Materials and Methods: Multi-centre, cross-sectional study; two stage sampling. Socio-demographic, prison and clinical variables were gathered. A univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis was carried out using logistic regression with the variables that showed statistical significance. The odds ratio was calculated with a confidence interval of 95%. Results: 378 patients. The Mantoux test (PPD) assessable in 90.2% was available. 91.2% men, 37.8% foreigners with average age of 35.9±10.3 years. Average stay in prison: 2 years, 28.7% had been > 5 years in prison. 49.6% entered prison in 2006 or before. 24.5% had a history of intravenous drug use (IDU). 50.4% presented LTBI that was associated with: age > 40 years (63.2 vs 43.8%; CI: 1.39-3.49; OR: 2.20; p=0.001); stay of > 5 years in prison (71.2 vs 41.3%; CI: 2.13-5.75; OR: 3.50; p 40 years (OR: 1.76; CI: 1.08-2.87; p=0.024); and length of prison stay > 5 years (OR: 2.50; CI: 1.41-4.43; p=0.002). Conclusions: The prevalence of LTBI in prison is very high, especially amongst inmates over 40 and those who have been in prison for more than five years. To prevent the risk of progression to tuberculosis, treatment is recommended for those who require it along with the maintenance of control programmes for this pathology.

FUNDAMENTO: Descrevemos as bases teóricas e o formato do "Estudo PAINT - Intervenção percutânea com stents com eluição de paclitaxel ou sirolimus em polímero biodegradável comparados com stents sem recobrimento no tratamento de lesões coronárias de novo". OBJETIVO: Avaliar duas novas formulações de stents com eluição de paclitaxel ou sirolimus em comparação com um stent de estrutura metálica idêntica, porém sem recobrimento polimérico ou eluição de droga. MÉTODOS: O PAINT é um estudo randomizado, multicêntrico, de 3 braços, conduzido em centros terciários brasileiros, que incluiu 275 pacientes alocados para tratamento com os stents InfinniumR (paclitaxel), the SupralimusR (sirolimus) ou Milennium MatrixR (sem recobrimento) na proporção 2:2:1 ratio. Os pacientes apresentavam lesões coronarianas de novo em vasos nativos com um diâmetro entre 2,5 e 3,5 mm, passíveis de tratamento com um único stent com comprimento de 29 mm ou menos. O objetivo primário era comparar a perda tardia aos nove meses de ambos stents com paclitaxel- ou sirolimus versus a perda luminal dos stents convencionais de controle. Objetivos secundários importantes incluíam a comparação angiográfica entre os dois tipos de stents farmacológicos, bem como a análise da ocorrência de eventos clínicos adversos. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÕES: O estudo PAINT apresenta um formato peculiar e único que permitiu a avaliação da segurança e eficácia de duas novas formulações de stents farmacológicos, com carreador polimérico biodegradável, e liberação de paclitaxel ou sirolimus, os quais foram comparados contra um stent metálico convencional (objetivo primário). Uma vez que os stents farmacológicos diferiram entre sí somente pela droga, mas eram idênticos nas suas outras características, os estudo também permitiu a comparação do efeito anti-restenótico entre sirolimus e paclitaxel (objetivo secundário).FUNDAMENTO: Describimos las bases teóricas y el formato del "Estudio PAINT - Intervención percutánea con stents recubiertos de paclitaxel o sirolimus en polímero biodegradable comparados con stents no recubiertos en el tratamiento de lesiones coronarias de novo". OBJETIVO: Evaluar dos nuevas formulaciones de stents con liberación de paclitaxel o sirolimus en comparación con un stent de estructura metálica idéntica, pero sin recubierto polimérico o liberación de droga. MÉTODOS: El PAINT es un estudio randomizado, multicéntrico, de 3 brazos, llevado a cabo en centros terciaros brasileños, que incluyó a 275 pacientes destinados a tratamiento con los stents InfinniumR (paclitaxel), the SupralimusR (sirolimus) o Milennium MatrixR (no recubierto) en la proporción 2:2:1. Los pacientes presentaban lesiones coronarias de novo en vasos nativos con un diámetro entre 2,5 y 3,5 mm, pasibles de tratamiento con un único stent de hasta 29 mm de longitud. El objetivo primario era comparar la pérdida luminal tardía a los nueve meses de ambos stents con paclitaxel- o sirolimus versus la pérdida luminal de los stents convencionales de control. Los objetivos secundarios importantes incluían la comparación angiográfica entre los dos tipos de stents farmacológicos, así como el análisis de la ocurrencia de eventos clínicos adversos. RESULTADOS Y CONCLUSIONES: El estudio PAINT presenta un formato peculiar y único que permitió la evaluación de la seguridad y eficacia de dos nuevas formulaciones de stents farmacológicos, con transportador polimérico biodegradable, y liberación de paclitaxel o sirolimus, los que fueron comparados con un stent metálico convencional (objetivo primario). Dado que los stents farmacológicos diferían entre sí solamente por la droga, pero eran idénticos en sus otras características, el estudio también permitió la comparación del efecto antireestenótico entre sirolimus y paclitaxel (objetivo secundario).BACKGROUND: We describe the rationale and design for the "PercutAneous INTervention with biodegradable-polymer based paclitaxel-eluting or sirolimus-eluting versus bare stents for de novo coronary lesions - PAINT trial". OBJECTIVES: To evaluate two novel formulations of paclitaxel-eluting stent and the sirolimus-eluting stent against a stent with the same metallic structure but without polymer coating or drug elution. METHODS: The PAINT is a multicenter 3-arm randomized trial, conducted in Brazilian tertiary institutions, which included 275 patients allocated for the InfinniumR paclitaxel-eluting stent, the SupralimusR sirolimus-eluting stent or the Milennium MatrixR bare metal stent in a 2:2:1 ratio. Patients had de novo coronary lesions in native vessels with a diameter between 2.5 and 3.5 mm, amenable for treatment with a single stent of 29 mm or less in length. The primary objetive was to compare the in-stent late loss at 9 months of both paclitaxel- and sirolimus-eluting versus the late loss of control bare metal stents. Important secondary objectives included the comparison in outcomes between sirolimus and paclitaxel stents, as well as the analysis of the incidence of major adverse cardiac events. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The PAINT trial had a unique design that allowed for the evaluation of the safety and efficacy profiles of two novel drug-eluting stent formulations, with a biodegradable-polymer carrier and releasing paclitaxel or sirolimus, which were compared against a bare metal stent (primary objective). As the drug-eluting stents differed by the drug, but were identical otherwise, the trial also allowed the comparison of the anti-restenosis effects of sirolimus versus paclitaxel (secondary objective).

Introducción. El trauma es una epidemia mundial que afecta más a la población joven y económicamente activa de los países de medio y bajo ingreso per cápita. La hemorragia es responsable de una alta proporción de muertes por trauma, especialmente durante el primer día. Materiales y métodos. CRASH2 es un ensayo clínico, multicéntrico, doble ciego, controlado y aleatorio, sobre un medicamento fibrinolítico para disminuir las transfusiones, las cirugías y la mortalidad en pacientes con trauma y hemorragia significativa. Este trabajo compara aspectos demográficos y clínicos de la población participante en Colombia, con el resto del mundo. Como el estudio está en curso, no se puede levantar el ciego y no se comparan los grupos de tratamiento. Se calcula que se complete la cantidad planeada de pacientes en diciembre del 2009 y se puedan emitir conclusiones definitivas a mediados del 2010. Resultados. La proporción de hombres es mayor en Colombia; hay mayor proporción de trauma penetrante y menor de trauma craneoencefálico; los pacientes son más jóvenes, consultan más temprano, ingresan a la unidad de cuidados intensivos con menor frecuencia y la mortalidad es menor que en el resto del mundo. La mayoría no tiene hipotensión, aunque hay prolongación del llenado capilar; ambas variables se asocian con mortalidad. La mayoría son transfundidos en proporción similar en Colombia y el resto del mundo; la transfusión se asocia con mayor mortalidad. La incidencia de complicaciones trombóticas es similar en ambos grupos geográficos. Discusión. Los participantes del estudio CRASH2 son similares en Colombia y el resto del mundo; el tipo de trauma y la mortalidad son distintos, lo que refleja la violencia que hay en Colombia. Los "megaestudios" clínicos son posibles y necesarios para contestar preguntas médicas relevantes.Introduction. Trauma is a global epidemic that mainly affects the young and economically productive population in countries with middle and low per capita income. Hemorrhage is responsible for a high proportion of trauma deaths, especially in the first day. Materials and methods. CRASH2 is a clinical, multicentric, double blinded, controlled, randomized trial on the use of a fibrinolytic agent, tranexemic acid, for reduction of transfusions, diminishing the number of operations, and lower mortality in patients that have suffered trauma and significant hemorrhage. In this paper we compare demographic and clinical aspects of the Colombian study population with those of the rest of the world. Because the study is still in progress, the blinded component must continue and therefore no comparison can be made in regard to the treatment groups. It is estimated that the number of patients can be completed by December 2009, and definitive conclusions can be made towards the middle of 2010. Results.The proportion of men is higher in Colombia; there is more penetrating trauma and less craneocephalic trauma; patients are younger, they consult earlier, are admitted to the intensive care unit with lesser frequency, and mortality is lower than in the rest of the world. The majority of patients do not exhibit hypotension, although there is prolongation of capillary filling. The majority receive transfusions as frequently as in the rest of the world; transfusion is associated with greater mortality. Incidence of thrombotic complications are similar: Discussion. Participants in the CRASH2 study are similar in Colombia and in the rest of the world; the type of trauma and mortality are different, reflecting the state of violence in Colombia. Clinical «megastudies» are possible and are also necessary in order to answer relevant medical questions.

Fundamento: No existen trabajos que valoren la satisfacción laboral de los profesionales de enfermería en las prisiones españolas. Pretendemos averiguar el nivel de satisfacción global y de cada uno de sus componentes. Método: Estudio descriptivo transversal y multicéntrico realizado en las prisiones españolas. Se utiliza el cuestionario de satisfacción Font Roja, adaptado por J. Arranz, que mide la satisfacción laboral con una escala de Likert. Utilizamos pruebas paramétricas y se construye un modelo de regresión con fines predictivos. Resultados: Respondieron al cuestionario 376 enfermeras (Tasa de Participación 62,7%; Tasa de Respuesta del 76,7%). Participaron 67 centros (91,8%). La puntuación media de la satisfacción es de 2,84 (IC 95%: 2,81-2,87). Las dimensiones menos valoradas han sido variedad de la tarea 1,66 (I.C. 95%: 1,58-1,74); presión en el trabajo 2,15 (I.C. 95%: 2,08-2,23) y control sobre el trabajo 2,77 (I.C. 95%: 2,73-2,82). La puntuación más alta fue para la satisfacción en el trabajo 3,52 (I.C. 95%: 3,44-3,58). Conclusiones: El índice medio de satisfacción laboral fue menor que en otros colectivos extra-penitenciarios. Se necesitan medidas correctoras.Background: There are no available studies assessing job satisfaction amongst nursing staff in Spanish prisons. The aim of this study is to establish overall levels of job satisfaction and determine each of the components. Method: Cross-sectional and multi-centre descriptive study conducted in Spanish prisons. A Font Roja satisfaction questionnaire adapted by J. Arranz for the study was used to measure degrees of job satisfaction using a Likert's scale. A parametric test was used and a regression model was constructed for predictive ends. Results: 376 nurses answered the questionnaire (Participation Rate 62.7%; Response Rate 76.7%) 67 centres took part (91.8%). The average satisfaction mark was 2.84 (CL 95%: 2.81-2.87). The lowest ranked components were job variety 1.66 (CL 95%: 1.58-1.74), job-related stress 2.15 (CL 95%: 2.08-2.23) and control over job 2.77 (CL 95%: 2.73-2.82). The highest ranked aspect was job satisfaction, averaging 3.52 (CL 95%: 3.44-3.58). Conclusions: The average satisfaction mark for prison nursing staff was low when compared to other groups of health care professionals, which implies the need for corrective measures.

This cross-sectional multi-centre study explored how family members and friends of illicit drug users perceived protective and risk factors, treatment facilities and policies and laws regarding illicit drug use. Family members and friends of illicit drug users were recruited in 10 urban health care outpatient units in 7 Latin American countries (Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras and Mexico) to complete a questionnaire. The majority of the respondents chose psycho-social factors over genetic or biological explanations as causes of drug problems. Respondents felt that families and governments were responsible for preventing drug problems. Church/religious institutions were most often mentioned in the context of accessible treatment. When asked about access to treatment facilities, the majority said that there were not enough. Shame about drug use, cost, and limited treatment options were most often cited as barriers to treatment.Este estudio transversal multicéntrico exploró como los familiares y personas cercanas de usuarios de drogas ilícitas perciben los factores de protección y los de riesgo, las facilidades de tratamiento, las iniciativas de prevención y la legislación relativa a las drogas ilícitas. Los familiares y personas cercanas de los usuarios de drogas ilícitas fueron reclutados en 10 unidades urbanas de atención de salud en ambulatorios, en 7 países de América Latina (Brasil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras y México) para responder a una encuesta. Con respecto a las causas de los problemas de las drogas, la mayoría de los encuestados destacó los factores psicosociales como siendo más importantes que los factores genéticos o biológicos. Los encuestados consideraron que las familias y los gobiernos son quienes tienen más responsabilidad en la prevención de los problemas de drogas. La iglesia y las instituciones religiosas fueron mencionadas con mayor frecuencia en el contexto del acceso al tratamiento. Cuando se les preguntó sobre el acceso a las facilidades de tratamiento, la mayoría manifestó que éstas no eran suficientes. Como barreras para el tratamiento, citaron entre las más frecuentes, la vergüenza por el uso de las drogas, la falta de opciones para su tratamiento y el costo del mismo.Este estudo multicêntrico corte temporal explorou a perspectiva de familiares e pessoas próximas a usuários de drogas ilícitas sobre fatores de risco e proteção, serviços de tratamento, políticas e leis relacionadas ao uso de drogas ilícitas. Os familiares e pessoas próximas a usuários de drogas ilícitas foram recrutados em dez unidades de saúde, localizadas em grandes centros urbanos de sete países da América Latina (Brasil, Colômbia, Costa Rica, Equador, Guatemala, Honduras e México), para responderem um questionário. A maioria dos participantes escolheu fatores psicossociais e não fatores genéticos ou biológicos para explicar a causa dos problemas do uso de drogas. Responderam que familiares e governantes são os principais responsáveis pela prevenção dos problemas das drogas. As igrejas e outras instituições religiosas foram mencionadas com frequência dentro do contexto de acesso ao tratamento. A maioria dos entrevistados apontou que o acesso aos serviços que oferecem tratamentos aos usuários de drogas não é suficiente. Vergonha sobre o uso de drogas, custo e opções insuficientes de tratamento foram citados com mais frequência como as principais barreiras para o tratamento.

OBJECTIVE: To assess Human Papillomavirus (HPV) type distribution among men ages 18 years and older recruited from three different countries utilizing a common protocol for sampling HPV detection, and to evaluate whether HPV detection differs by age and country. MATERIAL AD METHODS: The study protocol includes a pre-enrollment run-in visit, a baseline (enrollment) visit, and nine additional visits after enrollment scheduled six months apart. For this analysis, the first 1160 men who completed both the run-in and baseline visit were included. To maximize sampling and prevent fraying of applicators, three different applicators were utilized to sample the external genitalia of participants among different anatomic sites. These samples were later combined to form a single sample for the detection of HPV using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for amplification of a fragment of the HPV L1 gene. RESULTS: Among 1160 men from Brazil, Mexico, and the United States (U.S.), overall HPV prevalence was 65.2%; with 12.0% oncogenic types only, 20.7% non-oncogenic types only, 17.8% both oncogenic and non-oncogenic, and 14.7% unclassified infections. Multiple HPV types were detected in 25.7% of study participants. HPV prevalence was higher in Brazil (72.3%) than in the U.S. (61.3%) and Mexico (61.9%). HPV 16 (6.5%), 51 (6.5%), and 59 (5.3%) were the most commonly detected oncogenic infections, and HPV 84 (7.7%), 62 (7.3%), and 6 (6.6%) were the most commonly detected non-oncogenic infections. Overall HPV prevalence was not associated with age. However, significant associations with age were observed when specific categories of oncogenic, non-oncogenic, and unclassified HPV infections were considered. CONCLUSIONS: Studies of HPV type distribution among a broad age range of men from multiple countries is needed to fill the information gap internationally with respect to our knowledge of HPV infection in men.OBJETIVO: Evaluar la distribución tipo específica de infección por Virus del Papiloma Humano (VPH) entre hombres de 18 años o más de tres países con un protocolo común para el muestreo de la detección de VPH, y evaluar si la detección de VPH varía de acuerdo con la edad y el país. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: El estudio incluye diversas etapas que inician con la identificación de hombres susceptibles, una medición basal (visita de enrolamiento) y nueve visitas adicionales programadas cada seis meses. En este artículo, se presenta el análisis de los primeros 1160 hombres que fueron incluídos en el estudio. Para maximizar la posibilidad de detección de VPH se utilizó un cepillo de dacrón que muestreó en forma combinada diferentes sitios anatómicos. Para la determinación de ADN de VPH se utilizó ión en cadena de polimerasa (PCR) por amplificación de un fragmento del gen de VPH L1. RESULTADOS: Entre 1160 hombres de Brasil, México y EUA, la prevalencia global de VPH fue de 65.2%, con solamente 12% de tipos oncogénicos, 20.7% de tipos de VPH no oncogénicos, 17.8% de muestras positivas a tipos oncogénicos y no oncogénicos; y finalmente 14.7% de infecciones no clasificadas. Múltiples tipos de VPH fueron detectados en 25.7% de los participantes en el estudio. La prevalencia de VPH fue más alta en Brasil (72.3%), comparada con la observada en EUA (61.3%) y México (61.9%). Los tipos de VPH 16 (6.5%), 51 (6.5%) y 59 (5.3%) fueron los más comúnmente observados con poder oncogénico. El VPH 84 (7.7%), 62 (7.3%) y 6 (6.6%) fueron las infecciones no oncogénicas más comunes. CONCLUSIONES: Son necesarios estudios de la distribución de VPH en un amplio margen de edad entre hombres de múltiples países, para establecer con mayor precisión, el conocimiento de la historia natural de la infección por VPH en hombres.

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Theoretical Framework: Systematic contact with death is considered a risk factor for burnout in health, particularly for doctors and nurses who develop their professional activity in palliative care. Objectives: To study the syndrome of burnout in these professionals in Portugal. Methodology: A multicenter quantitative survey study. Results: Out of 142 professionals, 88 returned the completed questionnaire; of these, only 3% were in burnout and 13% at high risk of developing this syndrome. Professing a religion (p=.005) and having post-graduate education/training in palliative care (p=.011) were significantly and inversely associated with burnout. Conflicts with other professionals (p=.012) were significantly associated with developing this syndrome. Conclusion: Although the percentage of professionals with high levels of burnout in palliative care is low, there are risk factors that can be optimized to promote a higher well-being state among professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To describe and characterise the use of mechanical restraint (MR) in critical care units (CCU) in terms of frequency and quality of application and to study its relationship with pain/agitation-sedation/delirium, nurse:patient ratio and institutional involvement., Method: Multicentre observational study conducted in 17 CCUs between February and May 2016. The observation time per CCU was 96 h. The main variables were the prevalence of restraint, the degree of adherence to MR recommendations, pain/agitation-sedation/delirium monitoring and institutional involvement (protocols and training of professionals)., Results: A total of 1070 patients were included. The overall prevalence of restraint was 19.11%, in patients with endotracheal tube (ETT) 42.10% and in patients without ETT or artificial airway it was 13.92%. Adherence rates between 0% and 40% were obtained for recommendations related to non-pharmacological management and between 0% and 100% for those related to monitoring of ethical-legal aspects. The lower prevalence of restraint was correlated with adequate pain monitoring in non-communicative patients (P < .001) and with the provision of training for professionals (P = .020). An inverse correlation was found between the quality of the use of MR and its prevalence, both in the general group of patients admitted to CCU (r = -.431) and in the subgroup of patients with ETT (r = -.521)., Conclusions: Restraint is especially frequently used in patients with ETT/artificial airway, but is also used in other patients who may not meet the use profile. There is wide room for improvement in non-pharmacological alternatives to the use of MC, ethical and legal vigilance, and institutional involvement. Better interpretation of patient behaviour with validated tools may help limit use of MR., (Copyright © 2022 Sociedad Española de Enfermería Intensiva y Unidades Coronarias (SEEIUC). Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

En este artículo se comparan y discuten los resultados obtenidos en los análisis locales de las 14 ciudades participantes en el proyecto EMECAM. Se analizan las series temporales de mortalidad, contaminantes (partículas en suspensión, SO2, NO2, O3 y CO), temperatura y otros factores, obtenidos de registros de instituciones públicas. Utilizando regresión autorregresiva de Poisson, se ha estimado la relación a corto plazo entre la mortalidad y los indicadores de contaminación atmosférica en cada una de las siguientes ciudades: Barcelona, Gran Bilbao, Cartagena, Castellón, Gijón, Huelva, Madrid, Pamplona, Sevilla, Oviedo, Valencia, Vigo, Vitoria y Zaragoza. Los resultados indican que los valores de contaminación atmosférica en nuestro país son similares a los de otras ciudades europeas. Los niveles de los distintos contaminantes apuntan hacia el tráfico rodado como la fuente principal en la mayoría de ellas. Se encuentra una asociación entre la mortalidad y diferentes contaminantes en la mayoría de ciudades, aunque los resultados no son homogéneos entre las ciudades y presentan variabilidad en las distintas causas a estudio. En algunas ciudades, especialmente en aquellas de menor población, no se encuentran unos resultados que aporten evidencias de asociación, o bien los mismos son poco consistentes. El meta-análisis proporcionará estimaciones para el conjunto de las ciudades y permitirá una evaluación más clara del efecto retardado de la contaminación sobre la mortalidad. Es de destacar la participación como investigadores activos en este proyecto de técnicos de servicios de salud pública.

En los últimos años, un número creciente de estudios sugiere que los incrementos en los niveles de contaminación atmosférica pueden causar efectos a corto plazo sobre la salud, incluso con niveles de contaminación cercanos o inferiores a los considerados hasta ahora como seguros. Los distintos enfoques metodológicos y la diversidad de técnicas de análisis utilizadas han dificultado la comparabilidad directa entre los resultados obtenidos, impidiendo llegar a conclusiones claras. Ello ha estimulado la puesta en marcha de proyectos multicéntricos, como el proyecto APHEA (short-term effects of Air Pollution on Health: a European Approach), dentro del ámbito europeo. El proyecto EMECAM se enmarca en el contexto de los estudios multicéntricos citados y tiene una proyección amplia en el ámbito nacional español. En él se incluyen 14 ciudades españolas (Barcelona, Gran Bilbao, Cartagena, Castellón, Gijón, Huelva, Madrid, Pamplona, Sevilla, Oviedo, Valencia, Vigo, Vitoria y Zaragoza) que representan diferentes situaciones sociodemográficas, climáticas y ambientales, sumando un total cercano a nueve millones de habitantes. El objetivo del proyecto EMECAM es evaluar el impacto a corto plazo de la contaminación atmosférica, en el conjunto de las ciudades participantes, sobre la mortalidad por todas las causas, en toda la población y en personas de 70 y más años, y por causas respiratorias y del aparato circulatorio. Para ello, con un diseño ecológico, se analizan los datos de las series temporales tomando como unidad los datos diarios de mortalidad, contaminantes, temperatura y otros factores, obtenidos de registros de instituciones públicas. El periodo de estudio, aunque no es exactamente el mismo para todas las ciudades, está comprendido en todos los casos entre los años 1990 y 1996. El cálculo de las medidas de asociación se realiza mediante regresión autorregresiva de Poisson. En una fase posterior los resultados de cada ciudad se combinarán mediante la realización de un meta-análisis.

FUNDAMENTO: El objetivo del estudio fue estimar la asociación entre los niveles de contaminación atmosférica y la mortalidad diaria en la ciudad de Huelva para el período 1993-1996 utilizando la metodología EMECAM. MÉTODOS: Se utilizaron como indicadores de mortalidad el número de muertos diarios por todas las causas menos externas, la mortalidad en sujetos mayores de 69 años, la mortalidad por enfermedades del aparato circulatorio y la mortalidad por enfermedades respiratorias. Se analizaron cuatro contaminantes, SO2, PM10, NO2, y CO, cuyos niveles diarios se obtuvieron de la red de vigilancia de la contaminación atmosférica en Huelva. Se construyeron modelos de regresión autoregresiva de Poisson controlando por tendencia, estacionalidad, temperatura, humedad, gripe, y eventos inusuales. RESULTADOS: Para la mortalidad por todas las causas se halló un efecto significativo del NO2 para todo el período (RR10m gr/m³: 1,0414; IC95%: 1,0047-1,0794) y de las partículas (PM10) para el semestre frío (RR10 m gr/m³: 1,0358;IC95%:1,0007 -1,0722). Para la mortalidad en mayores de 69 años se obtuvo una asociación significativa con el SO2 para todo el período (RR10 m gr/m³: 1,0606; IC95%:1,0020-1,1227). Se halló una asociación significativa para la mortalidad por enfermedades respiratorias con las partículas (PM10) en el semestre frío (RR10 m gr/m³: 1,1412; IC95%:1,0300 -1,2644). No se obtuvieron asociaciones significativas para la mortalidad por enfermedades del aparato circulatorio con ningún contaminantes, ni tampoco se observó ningún efecto significativo de los niveles de CO en los indicadores de mortalidad. CONCLUSIONES: En Huelva se han encontrado asociaciones significativas entre los niveles actuales de contaminación atmosférica por partículas, SO2, y NO2, y la mortalidad diaria. El efecto de estos contaminantes sobre la mortalidad es coherente con la literatura científica, aunque en el caso de Huelva, el escaso número de defunciones diarias debido a su pequeña población y otros factores limitan su consistencia.

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Copyright of Revista Española de Cardiología (18855857) is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Española de Quimioterapia is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This cross-sectional multi-centre study explored how family members and friends of illicit drug users perceived protective and risk factors, treatment facilities and policies and laws regarding illicit drug use. Family members and friends of illicit drug users were recruited in 10 urban health care outpatient units in 7 Latin American countries (Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras and Mexico) to complete a questionnaire. The majority of the respondents chose psycho-social factors over genetic or biological explanations as causes of drug problems. Respondents felt that families and governments were responsible for preventing drug problems. Church/religious institutions were most often mentioned in the context of accessible treatment. When asked about access to treatment facilities, the majority said that there were not enough. Shame about drug use, cost, and limited treatment options were most often cited as barriers to treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]