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High-dose Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) expo sure increases the estrogen level in pregnant rats. However, there are limited data available on whether the MSG-related maternal hormonal effects can affect male litters' genitalia phenotype. This study aimed to analyze the impact of MSG on estrogen level in pregnant rats and anogenital distance in male pups. Experiment for this study was performed at the animal facility of Biomedical Laboratory at the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas, from April 2019 to February 2020. Pregnant Wistar rats were given MSG orally at 2 and 4 mg/g body weight (BW) for 20 days. On day 21, pregnant rats were sacrificed and blood was drawn intracardially. Estradiol serum level was measured by ELISA. Male pups were counted, and the anogenital distance (AGD) was measured. Maternal serum estradiol levels were statistically analyzed by One-Way ANOVA and the AGD of male litters were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results showed that perinatal MSG exposure increased the estradiol level (26.3±4.5 pg/ml; 37.5±6.7 pg/ml; 62.1±8.2 pg/ml in control, 2 mg/g BW, and 4 mg/g BW group, respectively [mean±SD; p=

Background: In the last two decades, one of the critical factors of assisted reproductive technology (ART)has been identified as ovarian capacity. Consequently, ovarian capacity markers have evolved to be part ofdiagnostic testing conducted regularly before IVF. Several predictor factors, such as antral follicle count(AFC), is one of several factors to predict ovarian capacity. These diagnostic procedures and tests have thepurpose of identifying women at high-risk patient who respond poorly toward controlled ovarian stimulationthroughout the IVF cycle. The ovarian response toward ovulation stimulation within this research was assessedby peak estradiol (E2) serum levels and the total number of mature follicles. There is no clear relationshipbetween AFC and levels of estradiol serum and the number of mature ovarian follicles to identify womenwho respond poorly. Methods: This study is an analytical study with a cross-sectional design. Samples weretaken from secondary data of medical records using the total sampling method on women undergoing the IVFprogram at the Graha Amerta fertility clinic of General Hospital of Dr. Soetomo from January 1 to December31 2018 according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The AFC variables, estradiol serum levels, and thenumber of mature ovarian follicles in the study were analyzed using Spearman’s correlation. Conclusion:There is a significant relationship between antral follicle count (AFC) with the levels of estradiol serum andthe number of mature follicles in women undergoing the IVF program.

Background: In postmenopausal women, decreasing estrogen levels is a marker of ovarian dysfunction. Hypoestrogenic state has known increasing the risk of osteoporosis. Objective: To determine the correlation between estradiol serum levels with classification of osteoporosis risk OSTA (Osteoporosis Self-Assessment Tools for Asian) in menopausal women. Methods: This study was case series study which examined estradiol serum in menopausal women by ELISA and assess the osteoporosis risk using osteoporosis risk classification OSTA. Total 47 samples was collected at Dr. H.Adam malik, dr. Pirngadi, and RSU Networking in Medan. This research was conducted from May to December 2016. Data were statistically analyzed, and presented with Spearman test. Results: In this study, we found the mean levels of estradiol in menopausal women was 18.62 ± 16.85 ng / ml with OSTA osteoporosis risk score of 2.09 ± 2.45. There was a significant positive correlation between estradiol and risk of osteoporosis OSTA with correlation coefficient r = 0.825 and p Conclusion: There is a strong positive correlation between serum levels of estradiol with OSTA osteoporosis risk assessment in menopausal women.

Objective: This study aimed to verify the effect of oral siper-metrin exposure to decrease serum estradiol 17b levels and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) in the uterus level of female Wistar strain rats (Rattus norvegicus).Materials and Methods: The method of this study was true experimental post test only control group in vivo using 24 female rats, divided into 3 groups treated by administering a dose of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg sipermetrin for 28 days and one control group. Then blood samples were taken from the heart for measurement of serum estradiol 17b levels by ELISA and uterine organs were taken for measurement of Malondialdehyde (MDA) with spectro-photometry method.Results: The results of the measurement of serum estradiol 17b and uterus malondialdehyde (MDA) levels of female Wistar strain rats (Rattus norvegicus) showed an opposite pattern, where there was a decline in serum estradiol 17b levels and an increase in uterus malondialdehyde (MDA) level. There was a significant difference (p=0.000

Vasomotor syndrome is the most commonly complained syndrome in menopause women. The main mechanism is the decrease in estrogen which causes increasing of body's core temperature and overactivity of the parasympathetic nervous system. Estradiol is the most abdudant and most potent estrogen derivate that works in major receptors throughout the body. This study aimed to determine difference of estradiol serum levels between women with and without vasomotor syndromes and among the symptoms severity. This study was conducted in 50 menopausal women in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology H. Adam Malik Hospital, Medan, Indonesia. Vasomotor symptoms was assessed by interview using three options of answers. Estradiol serum was analyezed using chemiluminescent principle in Prodia Laboratory. Data were tabulated and analyzed by SPSS. This study showed significant difference of mean estradiol serum levels between women with and without vasomotor syndromes (17.5 and 47.5 pg/ml, respectively; p=0.0001). Women with mild vasomotor syndromes had higher estradiol serum levels (23.9-29 pg/ml) than those with moderate (12-19.7 pg/ml) and severe (11.8 pg/ml) degree of syndromes. By using estradiol level as a marker, the presence vasomotor symptoms even its severeity should have been predicted earlier. Therefore, women can prepare to overcome those debilitating symptoms. Further and larger reseach is needed to make this study applicable in all clinical settings.

Breast cancer in a patient with Klinefelter's syndrome is reported. Possible correlation between testosterone and estradiol serum levels after testosterone-enanthate substitution, estrogen receptors in tumor tissue and clinical symptomatology are discussed. The various theories of etiology concerning breast cancer in this syndrome are reviewed. The increased conversion of testosterone to estradiol at the therapy with androgens might be responsible for the development of breast cancer in Klinefelter's syndrome. The current way of treatment is described.

Introduction. Estrogens are known to have a neuroprotective role and to influence the permeability of the blood brain barrier (BBB). An ongoing debate exists on the changing effects of estrogens on target tissues with advancing age and at menopause and on the potential disruptive role of increasing gonadotropin levels. The aim of the present study was to assess the permeability of the BBB for estradiol, FSH and LH in three physiological states: early follicular phase, preovulatory phase and at menopause. Method. Hormonal levels were assessed simultaneously in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 15 women at menopause (mean age 60±8 years), 16 of reproductive age in early follicular phase and 11 in preovulatory phase (mean age 31±7 years), all undergoing surgery for benign gynecologic disorders. FSH, LH and estradiol levels were assessed using chemo luminescence and are expressed as median and 10-90 percentile interval. Statistical analysis assessed the serum-CSF correlation and the CSF/serum ratio for each hormone between groups. Results. Estradiol serum levels were 26.2 pg/ml (6.4-43.5) at menopause (n=15), 58.5 pg/ml (25.7-75.9) in early follicular phase (EFP, n=16) and 221.2 pg/ml (113.7-405.5) in preovulatory phase (PREOV, n=11). CSF estradiol is 18.5 pg/ml (0.4-30.5) at menopause, 5.4 pg/ml (2.2-10.2) in EFP (p

Objectives A number of interactions between agerelated changes in serum levels of dehydroepiandrostendione sulfate (DHEA-S) and estradiol and symptoms of aging men have been proposed, yet data rega...

Oesclim® (Laboratoires Fournier, Dijon, France), also known as Esclim® or Esclima®, is a new estradiol transdermal delivery system (TDS) developed for the treatment of menopausal vasomotor symptoms. This open, randomized, three-way crossover study compared in 24 healthy postmenopausal women the pharmacokinetics of estradiol after a single 4-day application of Oesclim® 50, Oesclim® 100, and Vivelle® 0.05 (CibaGeneva Pharmaceuticals, Summit, NJ; known as Menorest® 50 in Europe, Rhone-Poulenc Rorer) on the upper buttock. Serum estradiol concentrations were determined by a validated radioimmunoassay method from samples taken before and during each TDS application. The concentration-time profiles for Vivelle® 0.05 and Oesclim® 50 were comparable with a similar absorption rate, giving a maximum concentration (C max ) of 49 and 53 pg/mL above baseline, respectively, followed by a plateau throughout the 96-hour application period. At the end of this period, mean corrected estradiol concentrations were 18 and 19 pg/mL, respectively. The estradiol serum concentrations obtained after an application of Oesclim® 100 were approximately twice as high than with Oesclim® 50. All products were well tolerated, but skin intolerance was more frequent with Vivelle® 0.05 (4 patients; four reports) and Oesclim® 100 (3 patients; three reports) than with Oesclim® 50 (none). Problems of imperfect adhesion were more than five times as frequent with Vivelle® 0.05 (44%) than with Oesclim® (8%).

In a recent clinical study we have shown that the psychopathology of 32 schizophrenic female inpatients varies with estradiol serum levels throughout the menstrual cycle. Symptomatology – apart from depression – seems to improve when estradiol blood levels rise and vice versa. Furthermore we found considerable menstrual irregularities and hormonal disturbances in most schizophrenic women (Riecher-Rossler et al., 1994). We have now tested the specifity of our results for schizophrenia by examining 29 age-matched women, admitted for acute psychiatric disorders other than schizophrenia. In these patients, mainly suffering from depressive disorders, symptomatology did not correlate with estradiol levels. The only exception was general behavior on ward. The results imply a clinical effect of estrogens similar to that of a weak neuroleptic. Gonadal function during the acute episode was significantly more disturbed in the schizophrenic than in the control patients. If there also is a subgroup of schizophrenic women with preexisting, chronic gonadal hypofunction as was implied by the old theory of "hypoestrogenism" in schizophrenia, could not be definitely answered. It is proposed, however, that low estrogen levels of any origin can lead to the outbreak/deterioration of schizophrenic symptoms in vulnerable women.

The aim of the study was to assess the values of serum estradiol (E2) in women undergoing ovarian stimulation with five direct commercial assays (IMX, Amerlite, Spectria, Vidas, CA) and to compare them with the results of an E2 direct method used in our laboratory. The study included 12 infertile women. Thirteen cycles were monitored daily during ovarian stimulation with transvaginal ultrasound and serum E2. Large differences were found between the E2 concentrations measured on the same sample with the different methods. In general the IMX and Amerlite assays gave the highest and CA the lowest results. The results of our own RIA and Spectria assay agreed more closely. The median ratio of the highest E2 value (IMX assay) and the lowest E2 value (CA value) was 1.75 (1.30-3.15). Values of E2 measured in serum depend on the method used. It is not possible to apply criteria from other studies directly to one's own patients. Close collaboration between the laboratories and the clinical staff is essential.

The plasma levels of estradiol were studied in 20 postmenopausal women over a period of 8 h following the ingestion of a single dose of 2 mg estradiol valerate and 2 mg micronized estradiol. The determined plasma estradiol concentrations were correlated with somatometric characteristics and age. Twenty-six postcephalic body measurements, the body weight and six skin-fold thickness measurements were taken and the body mass index computed; estradiol serum concentration was measured before and after administration of micronized estradiol and estradiol valerate, respectively. It was shown that estradiol concentrations obtained after estradiol valerate and micronized estradiol ingestion were dependent on the patient's age as well as on the constitutional type. Additionally, we found that there were differences in the reachable estradiol plasma concentrations following the application of the two preparations. Our results justify the individual and differentiated estrogen replacement therapy of the postmenopausal woman.

ogy varied with phases of the cycle and the estradiol serum level. There was a significant excess of admissions within the perimenstrual phase (i.e., the 2 premenstrual and 7 menstrual days), which corresponds to the low estrogen phase, as compared to the other phases of the cycle (~10.05). All patients were examined during their entire hospital stay (minimum 4 weeks, maximum 8 weeks) analysing hormonal parameters and applying the following scales for psychopathology every 7 days: Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Nurses Observation Scale for Inpatient Evaluation (NOSIE), Paranoidskala von Zerssen (PS) and Befindlichkeitsskala von Zerssen (BFS) for general well-being. Most patients had a disturbed menstrual cycle, and hormonal parameters indicated a disturbance of the gonadal axis, probably due to neuroleptic treatment. Nevertheless, there emerged a significant correlation between estradiol serum levels on the one hand and all psychopathology scores on the other, when cross correlations in between the different profiles were calculated over the whole inpatient period (one sample Wilcoxon test): BPRS I 0.01, NOSIE I 0.01, PSI 0.05, BFS I 0.05. Psychopathology seems to improve, when estradiol levels rise, and vice versa. These results, together with our findings in the animal study and in the epidemiological project indicate that estradiol might be a worthwhile candidate for further research on schizophrenia.

40 patients with oligoasthenozoospermia in infertile marriages were subjected to randomized treatment with 30 mg tamoxifen/day (n = 20), or with 30 mg tamoxifen/day and 150 mg testolactone/day (n = 20), to prevent elevation of estradiol levels during monotherapy with tamoxifen. In both groups there was a significant increase in FSH, LH and testosterone. The elevation of estradiol serum levels was significant (p less than 0.0001) in the tamoxifen group, and not significant in the group with combination therapy. The increase in sperm density was significant in both groups (p less than 0.001; p less than 0.002, respectively), but no differences were seen between both groups. No improvement of the other ejaculate parameters was seen in either groups. The incidence of gravidity was the same under additional testolactone therapy (n = 3).

Determination of the main C21, C19 and C18 steroids in peripheral serum and uterine tissue was made to study the relationships of the steroids during pseudopregnancy in the rabbit. Tissue and serum progesterone levels rose significantly (P < 0.01) from estrus to Day 9 and then decreased by 81% (tissue) and 57% (serum) at Day 15, while pregnenolone levels in uterine tissue and serum remained unaffected. Estradiol serum levels remained fairly stable, whereas its concentration in uterine tissue decreased after estrus by 85%, followed by a significant (P < 0.05) increase from Day 9. Most of the C19 steroid values in the uterine tissue and in the serum were generally at levels below or near the limit of detection and did not vary significantly. Since progesterone and estradiol levels were high and/or varied significantly in tissue throughout pseudopregnancy, and since androgens were produced in small amounts, it is suggested that androgens might not play a significant role in uterine tissue during pseudopregnancy.